营运能力的分析-毕业论文外文文献翻译.
营运能力的分析外文中英文翻译
营运能力的分析外文中英文翻译外文翻译原文 Operation ability analysis Material Source: China＇s securities nets 05/17/2020 Author:Techever Operation ability fully utilize existing resources to create social wealth ability, can be used to evaluate the enterprise to its own resources utilization and operating activities ability. Its essence is to as few as possible resources occupation short turnover time, produce as many products, create as many sales revenue, and to achieve this goal, we must improve enterprise＇s operation ability level. Operation ability is the assets of the enterprise turnaround to measure the efficiency of the utilization of assets enterprises. The index reflects assets turnover rate have inventory turnover, liquid assets turnover rate, total asset turnover. The faster turnaround speed, it shows that the enterprise of assets into business links, forming the faster the cycle of revenue and profit more short, business efficiency is higher. Operation ability refers to the enterprise asset turnover operation ability, usually can use total asset turnover, fixedasset turnover, flow asset turnover, inventory turnover and accounts receivable turnover these five financial ratios to enterprises＇ operating capacity for layered analysis. Operation ability analysis can help investors understand enterprise business conditions and operating management level. With our su ning electric equipment (BBS) (market, for example, 002024) to introduce how to enterprise＇s investors operating capability analysis. Total asset turnover is to show enterprise sales income and total assets of the ratio of average balance. Suning 2020 sales revenue for 91.1 billion yuan, average total assets of 14 million yuan; 2020 sales income increased to 160.4 billion yuan, the average total assets is increased by 2.3 times, reached 31.9 million yuan. Due to the growing rate of total assets than the sales income increase, total asset turnover down to 5 by lead. The rate of decline in 2020 with suning opened the new mass are directly related. In order to complete the “national cloth nets“ thestrategic pattern, suning in 2020 at 65, a new store new landed 20 cities, and the original logistics, service system of radiation radius is limited, so su ning to makes lots of management platform, in order to support the construction of the urbanconstruction in the same after other stores of logistics and management. This makes su ning expansion strategy initial cost of relatively high. Current assets turnover is enterprise＇s sales income and liquidity ratio of average balance. Through this ratio analysis, we can further understanding of enterprise in the short term operation ability changes. From statements that su ning 2020 sales income nearly 1.6 billion yuan, growth rate, while the average flow rate reached more than doubled assets. The liquidity didn＇t bring the same margin large increase of sales income growth, so current assets turnover in 2020 7.36 dropped by the 2020 5.61, explain the efficiency in the use of su ning liquid assets declined. Fixed asset turnover is mainly used for analysis of fixed assets such as factory buildings, equipment, the ratio of the utilization efficiency of the higher and higher, explain utilization, management level, the better. If the fixed asset turnover compared with industry average low, then explaining enterprise of fixed assets utilization is low, might affect the enterprise profitability. It reflects enterprise asset utilization degree. Fixed asset turnover ratio = sales revenue/average net value of fixed assets The average net value of fixed assets = (initialequity + final equity) voting 2 Enterprise inside certain period advocate business wu income with average net current assets ratio of total asset utilization, is appraise enterprise another important indexes. It reflects the enterprise liquid assets turnover rate from enterprise all assets, liquidity of the strongest in current assets Angle of enterprise assets utilization efficiency, in order to further analyze the quality of enterprise assets reveals acoustics major factor. Current assets turnover means certain period for a year) (usually the main business income and total migrant assets ratio of the average balance.therefore, can through to inventory turnover and accounts receivable further analysis of flow asset turnover ratio changes. Suning in stock sales primarily, therefore, accounts receivable accounted for only the liquidity, and inventory 50% 4.75%. Inventory turnover refers to enterprises and inventory cost of sales average balance ratio. For real estate industry inventory turnover is a very key indicators, real estate industry is very special. Usually, inventory turnover is the sooner the better, and real estate industry inventory quantity bigger, the slower the turnover that the strength of the company is the more abundant. Other industry＇s inventory turnover for six or seven times a year of general level, in contrast, in the real estate industry a year about a second, if in six or seven times a year inventory turnover for real estate industry as the company is tiny companies, with a powerful real estate stocks, inventory turnover are very low, because must keep a lot of land reserves, land reserve is his inventory, the houses built yet form sales belong to assets range, depend on these achieve sales.Inventory turnover condition can also be expressed with inventory, namely said days once inventory turnover the time required that the shorter days, the faster inventory turnover. Suning 15.05 inventory turnover in 2020 for 2020, this ratio dropped to 10.33. Accordingly, inventory turnover days from 24 days extended to 35 days. Inventory liquidation speed decreased obviously, explain suning sales ability may exist problems down or inventory excess. Accounts receivable turnover refers to the enterprise certain period income and accounts receivable credit average balance ratio. It reflects the company obtained the account receivable from the right to withdraw money, can be converted into cash needed the length of time. Accounts receivable turnover can be used to estimate the accounts receivable convertedspeed and management efficiency. Recovery quickly can save money, also shows that enterprise credit situation is good, not easy loss of bad happened. Generally believe that the higher the turnover of the good.This index measure enterprise accounts receivable into cash speed. Because credit sales income can＇t easily get, in practice used more sales income is calculated alternative credit income. Suning customers is mainly individual consumer to both clear of money and goods, trading on the basis of the account receivable credit income proportion is very small, so the sales income data obtained by receivable turnover is very high. In general, the higher the ratio of enterprises that enterprise collection receivable and the faster, can reduce the loss of bad, and liquidity strong, enterprise＇s short-term solvency will also strengthen, in some extent could compensate for the current ratio low adverse impact. If the enterprise receivables turnover is too low, then explaining enterprise collection receivable inefficient or credit policy very loose, affect the enterprise use of the capital and capital normal turnover. On real estate enterprise operation ability of financial analysis framework can mainly from three aspects: building management ability index, accountsreceivable turnover and working capital turnover rate. In these three respects based on real estate enterprise combining the characteristics, the selection of the appropriate financial index on real estate enterprises＇ operating capability evaluation. This paper puts forward the analysis framework of general applicability, for real estate enterprises and other enterprises in the operation of the managers do provide quantitative basis for decision-making and analysis methods. Through the case analysis can be found that, because the influence of assets turnover rate, total assets yield level but not necessarily advocate business wu income consistent with gross margin. And commercial real estate and industrial real estate, residential real estate than sex where profit margins, so vanke＇s sales income margin increased year by year, but despite highest when still about 41%, but the lujiazui, and the land is provided income can be as high as 80% gross margin, cofco property of materials processing income also can achieve 75% gross margin. From the trend, the incomes of the three companies are in growth state gross margin. But because the operating cash flow is low, the efficiency high profit margins of the lujiazui and cofco real estate but show low on total assets. Three real estate enterpriseoperations in there is a common problem, namely the working capital turnover rate is too slow. Operation ability of the enterprise of the scale of operations and different difference were real estate enterprise can cause inventory turnover rate and working capital turnover rate is different. Residential property turnover rate sex than commercial real estate and industrial real estate, so vanke faster the inventory turnover faster than lujiazui, cofco property because small in scale, the turnover rate close to YuWanKe. But in recent years due to land prices continue to rise, real estate enterprises have been through a lot of store, extend the project development period and so on the way to getting the higher profit margin. Thus the current real estate enterprises in our country there are a large amount of inventory turnover, slow ills. 译文营运能力的分析资料来源：中国证券网 05/17/2020 作者：Techever 营运能力是充分利用现有资源创造社会财富的能力，可以用来评价企业对其拥有资源的利用程度和营运活动能力。
运营管理分析英语论文
运营管理分析英语论文对于这项任务，我们被要求研究工业部门，选择该部门内的业务，然后从运营经理的角度分析和评估我们选择的业务。
首先我们必须知道的行业部门是什么。
根据牛津词典，“工业”一词是指与原材料加工和货物制造有关的经济活动（牛津词典）。
这意味着工业部门在其内部拥有处理原材料和制造货物的业务。
这也被称为第二产业或制造业。
我选择的企业是科尔集团。
科尔集团适应行业/次领域内是因为这是一个建筑公司，在成品即翻砖建筑原材料的交易。
For this assignment we have been asked to research the Industry sector, choose a business within that sector, and then analyse and evaluate the business we have chosen from an operations manager point of view.First we must know what the Industry sector is. Aording to oxford dict ionary the word industry means ‘Economic activity concerned with the processing of raw materials and manufacture of goods’ (Oxford Dictionary. xx).This means that the industry sector have businesses within it that deal with the processing of raw materials and manufacture of goods. This is also called the secondary sector or manufacturing sector.In xx the UK manufacturing sector generated ￡140bn in revenue this is 11% of the UK total economy. This sector also employed 2.6 million people which equals out to be 8% of the UK workforce. The whole sector itself is spilt upinto 14 different industries by the government whichinclude textiles and chemicals (BIS. xx).The business I have chosen is Kier Group plc. Thereason that Kier Group plc fit within the Industrysector/secondary sector is because this is a construction firm that deals with turning raw materials in a finished products i.e. turning bricks into buildings.Kier Group plc offers their services to the public and private sectors, these servic es include ‘civil engineering, mining, mechanical & electrical design and installation… and 3D modeling’ (Kier Construction. xx). An example of public sector customer would be the Northampton Borough Council in creating their new ￡7 million North Gate Bus Station (Northampton Chronicle & Echo. xx). An example of a private sector customer would be Network RailInfrastructure Ltd, as Kier Group plc did the King’s Cross Station roof refurbishment (Kier Group. xx). Kier Groupplc’s clients are often other busin ess or large public bodies such as Councils due to their ability and proventrack record with multi-million pound contracts that they are asked to do or win the contracts against other petitors such as Balfour Beatty PLC. Kier Group plc operate on a global scale however some parts within Kier Group plc work within the U.K.Any organisation can be shown as multiple ofinput/output diagrams in a hierarchy format. At the bottom of this hierarchy would be the customer’s needs being transformed into consumer satisfaction (Muhlemann, A. Oakland, J. Lockyer, K. 1993). As every business is made with the customer in mind even if the businesses overall goal could be to maximise profits they still need the customer. However other input/output diagrams in the hierarchy differ from business to business. As a car mechanic shop wouldn’t use the same ways to satisfy consumers as a bridal dress shop would.As Kier Group plc deals with construction it has a specific inputs and outputs. Five inputs of Kier Group plc would be skilled labour, high quality equipment, energy, building materials, and basic project designs. Three outputs of the pany would be buildings, infrastructure, and recycled materials.Skilled labour is an input for Kier Group plc because to be able operate as a building business they would need skilled labour.This is because the jobs that the business could be doing may have a high risk of doing lots of damage not just money’s terms but in personnel terms as well. This would also be beneficial to the business as it could lead to being more productive due to the skilled labour however it would be costly hiring someone that’s highlyskilled or even over skilled for the job rather than someone who could just about do the job. But in the pany’s overview they want to offer clients ‘world-class solutions’ (Kier Group. xx)which suggests that the highly skilled labour would be used.High quality equipment is would be a specific input for Kier Group plc due to the nature of the job that the business gets inquired about. These can be very plex jobs such as the Kings Cross Station roof refurbishment. Not only did they refurbish an iconic building roof, thestation had to stay open with thousands of people walking underneath the building work. This shows the high quality equipment would be needed as an input.The reason that energy is needed as an input as the business would be using puters to design projects and also it would be needed to power equipment on site. It is a needed input in this business.Building materials are a vital input to the business as they are needed to get to the final product. Without these, the business would not be able to run as a construction business. Kier Group plc need to start from a basic project design to be able to make what the customer want like the business to make. That’s is why basic project designs is a needed input for the business. As Kier Group plc have architects that would design the final product from thesebasic project designs whether it would be a finish building or a new part for railways.A specific output for Kier Group plc would be buildings as this is the main product/good that the business produces. They way in which this would be produced from inputs would be via project process. Project production is a type of production that has low volume of products but high variety between each one. This means that each new project would be different from the last using different materials with different quantities. They also have to be made in a fix location which is one of the classifications of a project production. During the production of each building uses a mixed process technology it uses manual and mechanised.This means that during the production of each buildingthere are parts which are done via hand with no machinery and there are parts where machinery is utilised but under the control of humans (Evens, J. 1993).Infrastructure in another output of Kier Group plc asit doesn’t only make buildings it also builds roads,railway parts and much more which is a vital part in the UK’s infrastructure. These would also be produced in a project production as each part of infrastructure they make would be different from another part.One other output the Kier Group plc produces are recycled materials. Kier Group plc has a recycling servicewhich is used in many counties. Recycled materials go through many processes. It is made via continuous flow production as it has a high product volume, there’s some although not much product variety. During the processes the recycled material goes though there are a high number of automated and specialised equipment that does a large amount of the work. There is also labour that take out any rubbish that can’t be recycled or shouldn’t be in that particular recycling line this doesn’t require high skills. The reason that it is not a Mass production is that there isn’t any variety between each product at the end (Evens, J. 1993).The demand for the products and services the Kier Group plc produce usually depend on the economic state of the country but there are also other factors the affect the demand for the business. These factors include: globalisation, demand for more sustainable construction, demographic changes and increasing importance fortechnology use in construction.The demand for the products and services that Kier Group plc produce usually depend on the economic state ofthe country but there are also other factors the affect the demand for the business. These factors include: globalisation, demand for more sustainable construction,demographic changes and increasing importance fortechnology use in construction.The reason that the state of the economy affects the demand for Kier Group plc’s products and services is because buildings and infrastructure is capital which helps boost long term growth. These are the first things that are cut if the economy was to go into decline. When the recession hit in xx aording to House of Commons there was a fall by 6.2% in gross value added for the construction industry, followed by a 7.9% fall in GVA, then an increase by 1.1% in xx, and then followed by a 6.0% drop in GVA during the double dip recession (Rhodes, C. xx). This data shows there is a correlation between the construction industry including Kier Group plc and the state of the economy.The demand for more sustainable construction also impacts the stability of the demand of Kier Group plc’s products and services because if the business doesn’toffer the right amount of sustainable construction or by offering ‘green’ alternatives they may lose customers and clients. As new legislation is soon to be ing into action due to the UK’s recent air pollution issues this would mean a possible overhaul of more carbon producing processes. However to overe this Kier Group plc currently generates10% of its revenue by using recycled material, low energy alternatives and more sustainable materials (Fry, C. xx) Every business needs demand to be able to sell its good and/or services however you need to be able to have enough capacity to meet this demand. Capacity planning is vital in operations strategies. Capacity is best when it around 75-90% utilised. Having capacity between these levels means that you should still be able to cope with new clients without having to turn larger clients down and also you won’t be running with excess capacity. Excess capacity is a large cost on businesses and may lead to layoffs and department closures (Hill, T. 1991)There are 3 different strategies that a business can use to plan capacity to meet demand. These policies are: Matching Capacity with Demand, Excess Capacity, and Capacity Shortage Policy. Matching capacity with demand means that the business tries to keep as close to demand as they possibly can.This policy means that it sometimes has excess capacity in which it has the ability to get more clients or customers. However it also means there is a shortage of capacity. During these times a business would have to subcontract out work to get a short term increased capacity or they would lose sales this could e from poor quality of work from being rushed to pete work.A Capacity Shortage Policy is when there is a gap between the demand and the capacity where demand is always higher than capacity. As there is a high capacityutilisation this means there is a strong return on investment. This type of policy is usually best for goodsor services that usually relate to status or are in fashion. This would mean that there is a high capacity utilisation which in turn leads to a strong return on investment. For example the iPhone 4 White. When it came out it was being sold quicker than it was being made.The way that Kier Group plc plan their capacity is by a strategy called Excess Capacity Policy (Fry, Colin. xx). This policy means that the business has a goal of maintaining enough capacity to be able to meet with demandor to reduce the chance of not meeting demand. Althoughthis policy can lead to higher costs than the other two polices it is the best policy for this business. This is because the business does not know if they are going to win a bid for a client so there needs to be spare capacity in case they do win the bid. As large construction businesses get invited to present their bid on large projects so the business always need to be prepared for these invites.Kier Group plc could better utilise operations management to counter some of the challenges that it has in the ever changing market place. It could utilise LeanOperations more this is because there is going to be more legislation regarding reducing waste and carbon footprint. It’s better to be proactive to changes in legislation than to be reactive as it shows the business has a strong CSR which customers and clients look for.Lean Operations is minimising the amount of waste there is in order to operate quicker, produce higher quality work and also to operate at low costs. The reason that lean operation is suited for Kier Group plc is because in the lean approach there is a focus on producing only when there is a need to produce, this does mean there is a lower capacity utilisation however this fits in well with the Excess Capacity Policy has the business already is implementing.Some of the techniques that could be used in lean operations for the business could be JIT supply and Total Involvement. JIT supply means just in time supply. This means that you wouldn’t receive materials until you need those materials (Hill, T. 1987). This would be useful in the business because it means there wouldn’t been material they do n’t need wasting space in a construction site. For example the wouldn’t need a road tarmaer when the drainage is still 3 days away from being pleted not only could it be wasting space it could be in the way of workers increasing the distance from the mater ials they’re using to the placewhere they need to use them. If 10 workers had to go anextra 20 seconds out of their way whilst this tarmacer was3 days early and each worker had to do this trip 40 times a day that adds an extra 400 minutes on their travel overall on the 3 days the tarmacer was there. With JIT supply the tarmacer would arrive on the day it was needed saving the 400 minutes which could have been wasted.Total involvement is when everyone within the businessis aware of the lean approach of the business. If everyoneis doing it, it would bee second nature to abide by the5S’s of lean operations. These are sort, straighten, shine, standardise and sustain (Muhlemann, A. Oakland, J. Lockyer, K. 1993)Sort means to eliminate what is not needed and to keep whatever is needed in the production of goods. Straighten means to place tools and equipment is such a way that is it easily aessible as lots of time is spent looking for tools that have been misplaced. Shine is to keep things clean and tidy. This could lead to less injuries due to slipping over dirt or waste packaging. Standardise means to keep to a certain level of cleanliness and sustain is to keep to this standardisation throughout each product life cycle.These methods of lean operations keep Kier Group plc near the top of the construction market as they would beless wasteful, operate with lower costs and also could leadto a better workforce from total involvement as everyone would feel they are impacting the businesses performance.。
营运能力的分析【外文翻译】
外文翻译原文Operation ability analysisMaterial Source: China f s securities nets 05/17/2006Operation ability fully utilize existing resources to create social wealth ability, can be used to evaluate the enterprise to its own resources utilization and operating activities ability. Its essence is to as few as possible resources occupation short turnover time, produce as many products，create as many sales revenue, and to achieve this goal, we must improve enterprise's operation ability level. Operation ability is the assets of the enterprise turnaround to measure the efficiency of the utilization of assets enterprises. The index reflects assets turnover rate have inventory turnover, liquid assets turnover rate, total asset turne^ver. The faster turnaround speed, it shows that the enterprise of assets into business links, forming the faster the cycle of revenue and profit more short, business efficiency is mgher. Operation ability refers to the enterprise asset turnover operation ability, usually can use total asset turnover, fixed asset turnover, flow asset turnover, inventory turnover and accounts receivable turnover these five financial ratios to enterprises1operating capacity for layered analysis.Operation ability analysis can help investors understand enterprise business conditions and operating management level. With our su ning electric equipment (BBS) (market，for example, 002024) to introduce how to enterprise’s investors operating capability analysis. Total asset turnover is to show enterprise sales income and total assets of the ratio of average balance. Suning 2004 sales revenue for 91.1 billion yuan, average total assets of 14 million yuan; 2005 sales income increased to 160.4 billion yuan, the average total assets is increased by 2.3 times, reached31.9 million yuan. Due to the growing rate of total assets than the sales income increase, total asset turnover down to 5 by lead.The rate of decline in 2005 with suning opened the new mass are directly r elated. In order to complete the "national cloth nets’’ thestrategic pattern，suning in 2005 at 65, a new store new landed 20 cities, and the original logistics, service system of radiation radius is limited, so su ningto makes lots of management platform, in order to supportthe construction of the urban construction in the same after other stores of logistics and management. This makes su ning expansion strategy initial cost of relatively high.Current assets turnover is enterprise's sales income and liquidity ratio of average balance. Through this ratio analysis, we can further understanding of enterprise in the short term operation ability changes. From statements that su ning 2005 sales income nearly 1.6 billion yuan, growth rate, while the average flow rate reached more than doubled assets. The liquidity didn f t bring the same margin large increase of sales income growth，so current assets turnover in 2004 7.36 dropped by the 2005 5.61，explain the efficiency in the use of su ning liquid assets declined.Fixed asset turnover is mainly used for analysis of fixed assets such as factory buildings, equipment, the ratio of the utilization efficiency of the higher and higher, explain utilization, management level, the better. If the fixed asset turnover compared with industry average low, then explaining enterprise of fixed assets utilization is low, might affect the enterprise profitability. It reflects enterprise asset utilization degree. Fixed asset turnover ratio = sales revenue/average net value of fixed assets The average net value of fixed assets = (initial equity + final equity) voting 2 Enterprise inside certain period advocate business wu income with average net current assets ratio of total asset utilization, is appraise enterprise another important indexes. It reflects the enterprise liquid assets turnover rate from enterprise all assets, liquidity of the strongest in current assets Angle of enterpriseassets utilization efficiency, in order to further analyze the quality of enterprise assets reveals acoustics major factor. Current assets turnover means certain period for a year) (usually the main business income and total migrant assets ratio of the average balance.therefore, can through to inventory turnover and accounts receivable further analysis of flow asset turnover ratio changes. Suning in stock sales primarily, therefore, accounts receivable accounted for only the liquidity, and inventory 50% 4.75%.Inventory turnover refers to enterprises and inventory cost of sales average balance ratio. For real estate industry inventory turnover is a very key indicators, real estate industry is very special. Usually, inventory turnover is the sooner the better, and real estate industry inventory quantity bigger, the slower the turnover that the strength of the company is the more abundant. Other industry’s inventory turnover for six or seven times a year of general level, in contrast, in the real estate industry a year about a second, if in six or seven times a year inventory turnover for real estate industry as the company is tiny companies, with a powerful real estate stocks, inventory turnover are very low, because must keep a lot of land reserves, land reserve is his inventory, the houses built yet form sales belong to assets range, depend on these achieve sales.Inventory turnover condition can also be expressed with inventory, namely said days once inventory turnover the time required that the shorter days, the faster inventory turnover. Suning 15.05 inventory turnover in 2004 for 2005, this ratio dropped to 10.33. Accordingly, inventory turnover days from 24 days extended to 35 days. Inventory liquidation speed decreased obviously, explain suning sales ability may exist problems down or inventory excess.Accounts receivable turnover refers to the enterprise certain period income and accounts receivable credit average balance ratio. It reflects the company obtained the account receivable from the right to withdraw money, can be converted into cash needed the length of time. Accounts receivable turnover can be used to estimate the accounts receivable converted speed and management efficiency. Recovery quickly can save money, also showsthat enterprise credit situation is good, not easy loss of bad happened. Generally believe that the higher the turnover of the good.This index measure enterprise accounts receivable into cash speed. Because credit sales income can’t easily get，in practice used more sales income is calculated alternative credit income. wSuning customers is mainly individual consumer to both clear of money and goods, trading on the basis of the account receivable credit income proportion is very small, so the sales income data obtained by receivable turnover is very high. In general, the higher the ratio of enterprises that enterprise collection receivable and the faster，can reduce the loss of bad, and liquidity strong，enterprise’s short-term solvency will also strengthen, in some extent could compensate for the current ratio low adverse impact. If the enterprise receivables turnover is too low, then explaining enterprise collection receivable inefficient or credit policy very loose, affect the enterprise use of the capital and capital normal turnover.On real estate enterprise operation ability of financial analysis framework can mainly from three aspects: building management ability index，accounts receivable turnover and working capital turnover rate. In these three respects based on real estate enterprise combining the characteristics, the selection of the appropriate financial index on real estate en terprises’ operating capability evaluation. This paper puts forward the analysis framework of general applicability, for real estate enterprises and other enterprises in the operation of the managers do provide quantitative basis for decision-making and analysis methods.Through the case analysis can be found that, because the influence of assets turnover rate, total assets yield level but not necessarily advocate business wu income consistent with gross margin. And commercial real estate and industrial real estate, residential real estate than sex where profit margins, so vanke f s sales income margin increased year by year, but despite highest when still about 41%, but the lujiazui, and the land is providedincome can be as high as 80% gross margin，cofco property of materials processing income also can achieve 7^% gross margin. From the trend, the incomes of the three companies are in growth state gross margin. But because the operating cash flow is low, the efficiency high profit margins of the lujiazui and cofco real estate but show low on total assets.Three real estate enterprise operations in there is a common problem, namely the working capital turnover rate is too slow. Operation ability of the enterprise of the scale of operations and different difference were real estate enterprise can cause inventory turnover rate and working capital turnover rate is different. Residential property turnover rate sex than commercial real estate and industrial real estate, so vanke faster the inventory turnover faster than lujiazui, cofco property because small in scale, the turnover rate close to YuWanKe. But in recent years due to land prices continue to rise, real estate enterprises have been through a lot of store，extend the project development period and so on the way to getting the higher profit margin. Thus the cun^ent real estate enterprises in our country there are a large amount of inventory turnover, slow ills.译文营运能力的分析资料来源：中国证券网05/17/2006 作者：Techever营运能力是充分利用现有资源创造社会财富的能力，可以用来评价企业对其拥有资源的利用程度和营运活动能力。
营运能力的分析与探究
2.1
企业营运能力主要指企业营运资产的效率与效益。企业营运资产的效率主要指资产的周转率或周转速度。企业营运资产的效益通常是指营运资产的利用效果，即企业的产出额与资产占用额之间的比率。
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摘要
随着社会主义市场经济的进一步发展和经济全球化进程的加快，企业间的竞争日益加剧。企业要在激烈的国际、国内市场竞争中生存和发展，必须有效利用各项经济资源，认真做好企业营运能力分析工作，不断提高营运能力。这对加强企业经营管理提高企业的竞争能力，促进企业的长远发展具有重要意义[1]。
本文以企业营运能力指标为理论依据，通过流动资产的周转率，固定资产周转率，总资产周转率，应收账款周转率和存货周转率等指标，揭示企业资金周转的情况，企业资源配置的情况，促进企业改善资源配置，并以XX企业的营运能力实际情况的分析与调研，对该企业的财务营运过程中的效果作出评价，为全面、正确评价企业营运能力，本文提出我国营运能力指标体系应在现行的财务部分的基础上，加入非财务部分，以期真实全面反映该企业的营运能力。
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毕业论文（设计）
XXXXXXXX营运能力的分析与研究
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论文主题词：营运能力周转率分析指标
外文主题词：Operating capacity Turnover rate AnalysisIdex
从盈利性和风险性两个角度考察，将流动能力的存量配置(即投资政策)与其相应的能力来源(即融资政策)联系起来，从总体上进行观察和研究如何据此制定合理营运能力政策。这种基本内容框架一直保持到现在，未发生明显的变化。
文献综述 企业营运能力分析研究.docx
1.1国内外研究概论1.1.1国外研究概论Frank J (2008)"认为企业营运能力的分析是建立在相应的指标体系的基础之上的，其认为企业营运能力分析指标体系的发展主要经历了三个阶段。
第一个阶段，主要是通过对利润表的分析來分析营运能力，一般认为利润越高，企业获得的利润越多，则代表着其营运能力也越高。
第二个阶段则是通过多个财务比率来分析营运能力，除去对利润的分析外，净资产收益和每股收益也成为其中的一部分。
在第三个阶段，财务管理中涉及到的各个报表都成为了指标体系中的一部分，除去第二阶段中涉及到的各个因素后，营运指数、资金运转率等也成为其中的一部分，进而使的营运能力分析指标体系更为完善，使的营运能力的分析更为准确。
Smith, Barry D. (2001)'认为企业流动资产的状况是现金流量的保障，决定企业的短期偿债能力。
长期资产的状况决定企业的发展基础，是长期负债的保障, 加强资产管理是企业正常营运能力的保障。
营运是企业存在和发展的冃标。
企业应该加强资产管理，从资本结构、权益乘数、负债压力等方面合理调整资产结构，稳固企业基础，增强营运能力。
Henri S (1995)认为，应收账款也是影响营运能力高低的因素之一。
为此，在应收账款管理中，要根据自身的情况，对客户的资产现状、资金流转情况、企业信誉及企业的还款能力进行考察和研究，根据实际的情况对客户进行实际的分类，然后根据不同的信用程度，确立赊账的规模。
此外，还可以使用多种催收应收账款的方法，例如，由销售人员出面收款。
因为销售人员对客户的情况比较了解。
还可以成立专业的收款部门，部门人员可以由专业的销售人员、谈判人员组成。
也可以选择第三方来催收账款。
一般而言，选择这种方式主要是针对那些极端不配合，存在诈骗或者态度比较蛮横的客户，因为采取这种方式对于以后的交易会造成很大的影响。
NgY. M (2005)⑷认为在众多影响企业营运能力的因素之一，企业的负债经营能力是非常重要的一部分。
关于营运能力的外文参考文献
关于营运能力的外文参考文献以下是一些关于营运能力的外文参考文献："Operations Management: Sustainability and Supply Chain Management" by Jay Heizer and Barry Render. This book provides a comprehensive overview of operations management, including discussions on sustainability and supply chain management. It covers topics such as facility location, capacity planning, inventory management, and more."Introduction to Operations Research" by Frederick S. Hillier and Gerald J. Lieberman. This textbook introduces the fundamental concepts and techniques of operations research, which are essential for analyzing and improving the efficiency of operational systems. It covers a range of topics including linear programming, network models, simulation, and decision analysis."Operations Management: Processes and Supply Chains" by Lee J. Krajewski, Larry P. Ritzman, and Manoj K. Malhotra. This book offers a broad perspective on operations management, focusing on both manufacturing and service operations. It covers various topics such as process analysis, quality management, lean operations, and supply chain management."Managing Operations: A Focus on Excellence" by Nigel Slack, Alistair Brandon-Jones, and Robert Johnston. This textbook provides a practical guide to managing operations, emphasizing the importance of achieving excellence in all areas of the business. It covers topics such as strategy, process design, performance measurement, and continuous improvement."Operations Strategy" by Nigel Slack, Stuart Chambers, and Robert Johnston. This book explores the role of operations strategy in creating competitive advantage. It discusses how operations can be aligned with the overall business strategy and how to design and implement effective operations strategies."Supply Chain Management: A Logistics Perspective" by John J. Coyle, Edward J. Bardi, and C. John Langley Jr. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to supply chain management, focusing on the integration of logistics activities across the entire supply chain. It covers topics such as demand forecasting, inventory management, transportation, and warehousing."Operations and Supply Chain Management: The Core" by F. Robert Jacobs and Richard B. Chase. This textbook offers a concise and practical introduction to operations and supply chain management, covering the key concepts and techniques necessary for managing and improving operational performance."Service Operations Management: Improving Service Delivery" by John A. Fitzsimmons and Mona J. Fitzsimmons. This book focuses on the unique challenges and opportunities of managing service operations, providing a practical guide to improving service delivery and enhancing customer satisfaction. It covers topics such as service design, capacity planning, queueing theory, and service recovery."Lean Thinking: Banish Waste and Create Wealth in Your Corporation" by James P. Womackand Daniel T. Jones. This book introduces the concept of lean thinking, which aims to maximize value and minimize waste in all aspects of business operations. It provides practical guidance on how to implement lean principles and tools to improve operational efficiency and profitability."The Goal: A Process of Ongoing Improvement" by Eliyahu M. Goldratt and Jeff Cox. This novel-style business book introduces the Theory of Constraints (TOC), a methodology for identifying and addressing the most significant constraints to achieving a desired goal in an organization. It provides insights into how to improve operational performance by focusing on the key constraints that limit the flow of value through the system.这些书籍涵盖了营运能力的不同方面，包括供应链管理、服务运营管理、精益思维等，可以为您提供更全面的了解和参考。
(完整word版)营运能力的分析【外文翻译】
外文翻译原文Operation ability analysisMaterial Source: China's securities nets 05/17/2006 Author:Techever Operation ability fully utilize existing resources to create social wealth ability, can be used to evaluate the enterprise to its own resources utilization and operating activities ability. Its essence is to as few as possible resources occupation short turnover time, produce as many products, create as many sales revenue, and to achieve this goal, we must improve enterprise's operation ability level. Operation ability is the assets of the enterprise turnaround to measure the efficiency of the utilization of assets enterprises. The index reflects assets turnover rate have inventory turnover, liquid assets turnover rate, total asset turnover. The faster turnaround speed, it shows that the enterprise of assets into business links, forming the faster the cycle of revenue and profit more short, business efficiency is higher. Operation ability refers to the enterprise asset turnover operation ability, usually can use total asset turnover, fixed asset turnover, flow asset turnover, inventory turnover and accounts receivable turnover these five financial ratios to enterprises' operating capacity for layered analysis.Operation ability analysis can help investors understand enterprise business conditions and operating management level. With our su ning electric equipment (BBS) (market, for example, 002024) to introduce how to enterprise's investors operating capability analysis. Total asset turnover is to show enterprise sales income and total assets of the ratio of average balance. Suning 2004 sales revenue for 91.1 billion yuan, average total assets of 14 million yuan; 2005 sales income increased to 160.4 billion yuan, the average total assets is increased by 2.3 times, reached 31.9 million yuan. Due to the growing rate of total assets than the sales income increase, total asset turnover down to 5 by lead.The rate of decline in 2005 with suning opened the new mass are directly related. In order to complete the "national cloth nets" thestrategic pattern, suning in 2005 at 65, a new store new landed 20 cities, and the original logistics, service system of radiation radius is limited, so su ning to makes lots of management platform, in order to supportthe construction of the urban construction in the same after other stores of logistics and management. This makes su ning expansion strategy initial cost of relatively high.Current assets turnover is enterprise's sales income and liquidity ratio of average balance. Through this ratio analysis, we can further understanding of enterprise in the short term operation ability changes. From statements that su ning 2005 sales income nearly 1.6 billion yuan, growth rate, while the average flow rate reached more than doubled assets. The liquidity didn't bring the same margin large increase of sales income growth, so current assets turnover in 2004 7.36 dropped by the 2005 5.61, explain the efficiency in the use of su ning liquid assets declined.Fixed asset turnover is mainly used for analysis of fixed assets such as factory buildings, equipment, the ratio of the utilization efficiency of the higher and higher, explain utilization, management level, the better. If the fixed asset turnover compared with industry average low, then explaining enterprise of fixed assets utilization is low, might affect the enterprise profitability. It reflects enterprise asset utilization degree.Fixed asset turnover ratio = sales revenue/average net value of fixed assetsThe average net value of fixed assets = (initial equity + final equity) voting 2Enterprise inside certain period advocate business wu income with average net current assets ratio of total asset utilization, is appraise enterprise another important indexes. It reflects the enterprise liquid assets turnover rate from enterprise all assets, liquidity of the strongest in current assets Angle of enterprise assets utilization efficiency, in order to further analyze the quality of enterprise assets reveals acoustics major factor. Current assets turnover means certain period for a year) (usually the main business income and total migrant assets ratio of the average balance.therefore, can through to inventory turnover and accounts receivable further analysis of flow asset turnover ratio changes. Suning in stock sales primarily, therefore, accounts receivable accounted for only the liquidity, and inventory 50% 4.75%.Inventory turnover refers to enterprises and inventory cost of sales average balance ratio. For real estate industry inventory turnover is a very key indicators, real estate industry is very special. Usually, inventory turnover is the sooner the better, and real estate industry inventory quantity bigger, the slower the turnover that the strength of the company is the more abundant. Other industry's inventory turnover for six or seven times a year of general level, in contrast, in the real estate industry a year about a second, if in six or seven times a year inventory turnover for real estate industry as the company is tiny companies, with a powerful real estate stocks, inventory turnover1are very low, because must keep a lot of land reserves, land reserve is his inventory, the houses built yet form sales belong to assets range, depend on these achieve sales.Inventory turnover condition can also be expressed with inventory, namely said days once inventory turnover the time required that the shorter days, the faster inventory turnover. Suning 15.05 inventory turnover in 2004 for 2005, this ratio dropped to 10.33. Accordingly, inventory turnover days from 24 days extended to 35 days. Inventory liquidation speed decreased obviously, explain suning sales ability may exist problems down or inventory excess.Accounts receivable turnover refers to the enterprise certain period income and accounts receivable credit average balance ratio. It reflects the company obtained the account receivable from the right to withdraw money, can be converted into cash needed the length of time. Accounts receivable turnover can be used to estimate the accounts receivable converted speed and management efficiency. Recovery quickly can save money, also shows that enterprise credit situation is good, not easy loss of bad happened. Generally believe that the higher the turnover of the good.This index measure enterprise accounts receivable into cash speed. Because credit sales income can't easily get, in practice used more sales income is calculated alternative credit income. Suning customers is mainly individual consumer to both clear of money and goods, trading on the basis of the account receivable credit income proportion is very small, so the sales income data obtained by receivable turnover is very high. In general, the higher the ratio of enterprises that enterprise collection receivable and the faster, can reduce the loss of bad, and liquidity strong, enterprise's short-term solvency will also strengthen, in some extent could compensate for the current ratio low adverse impact. If the enterprise receivables turnover is too low, then explaining enterprise collection receivable inefficient or credit policy very loose, affect the enterprise use of the capital and capital normal turnover.On real estate enterprise operation ability of financial analysis framework can mainly from three aspects: building management ability index, accounts receivable turnover and working capital turnover rate. In these three respects based on real estate enterprise combining the characteristics, the selection of the appropriate financial index on real estate enterprises' operating capability evaluation. This paper puts forward the analysis framework of general applicability, for real estate enterprises and other enterprises in the operation of the managers do provide quantitative basis for decision-making and analysis methods.Through the case analysis can be found that, because the influence of assets turnover rate, total assets yield level but not necessarily advocate business wu income consistent with gross margin. And commercial real estate and industrial real estate, residential real estate than sex where profit margins, so vanke's sales income margin increased year by year, but despite highest when still about 41%, but the lujiazui, and the land is provided income can be as high as 80% gross margin, cofco property of materials processing income also can achieve 75% gross margin. From the trend, the incomes of the three companies are in growth state gross margin. But because the operating cash flow is low, the efficiency high profit margins of the lujiazui and cofco real estate but show low on total assets.Three real estate enterprise operations in there is a common problem, namely the working capital turnover rate is too slow. Operation ability of the enterprise of the scale of operations and different difference were real estate enterprise can cause inventory turnover rate and working capital turnover rate is different. Residential property turnover rate sex than commercial real estate and industrial real estate, so vanke faster the inventory turnover faster than lujiazui, cofco property because small in scale, the turnover rate close to YuWanKe. But in recent years due to land prices continue to rise, real estate enterprises have been through a lot of store, extend the project development period and so on the way to getting the higher profit margin. Thus the current real estate enterprises in our country there are a large amount of inventory turnover, slow ills.译文营运能力的分析资料来源：中国证券网05/17/2006作者：Techever营运能力是充分利用现有资源创造社会财富的能力，可以用来评价企业对其拥有资源的利用程度和营运活动能力。
营运能力分析外文文献
营运能力分析外文文献经营能力分析一直是企业管理中至关重要的一个方面。
随着全球商业环境的日趋竞争激烈，了解企业的运营能力对于制定战略和决策至关重要。
本文将探讨几篇关于营运能力分析的外文文献，以了解不同研究者对这一领域的见解和研究成果。
1. 文献一：Operations Capability and Performance: Evidence from the Electronics Industry Supply Chain（运营能力与绩效：以电子行业供应链为例）这篇文献的主要研究对象是电子行业供应链中的运营能力与绩效之间的关系。
研究者通过收集大量的数据，对电子行业中的供应链企业进行了实地调研和分析。
他们发现运营能力在提高企业绩效和竞争力方面起着至关重要的作用。
文献中详细介绍了不同企业在运营能力方面的差异，以及这些差异如何影响企业的绩效。
2. 文献二：Examining Operations Capabilities in Supply Chain Management Context（从供应链管理角度审视运营能力）这篇文献的研究重点是供应链管理中的运营能力。
研究者以供应链为背景，通过实地观察和访谈企业，分析了运营能力的构成和影响因素。
他们认为供应链中的运营能力需要综合考虑企业的管理、流程、技术和团队等方面的因素。
文献中提供了一个运营能力评估模型，并应用于实际案例，证实了该模型的有效性和可行性。
3. 文献三：Assessing Operations Capabilities in Retail Operations: Empirical Evidence（在零售业务中评估运营能力：经验证据）这篇文献的研究对象是零售业务中的运营能力。
研究者通过实地调研和数据收集，分析了不同零售企业的运营能力，并与它们的绩效进行了比较。
文献中提供了一种综合评估指标来衡量运营能力，并总结了与高绩效零售企业相关的关键运营能力要素。
营运能力的分析外文中英文翻译
营运能力的分析外文中英文翻译外文翻译原文 Operation ability analysis Material Source: China＇s securities nets 05/17/2020 Author:Techever Operation ability fully utilize existing resources to create social wealth ability, can be used to evaluate the enterprise to its own resources utilization and operating activities ability. Its essence is to as few as possible resources occupation short turnover time, produce as many products, create as many sales revenue, and to achieve this goal, we must improve enterprise＇s operation ability level. Operation ability is the assets of the enterprise turnaround to measure the efficiency of the utilization of assets enterprises. The index reflects assets turnover rate have inventory turnover, liquid assets turnover rate, total asset turnover. The faster turnaround speed, it shows that the enterprise of assets into business links, forming the faster the cycle of revenue and profit more short, business efficiency is higher. Operation ability refers to the enterprise asset turnover operation ability, usually can use total asset turnover, fixedasset turnover, flow asset turnover, inventory turnover and accounts receivable turnover these five financial ratios to enterprises＇ operating capacity for layered analysis. Operation ability analysis can help investors understand enterprise business conditions and operating management level. With our su ning electric equipment (BBS) (market, for example, 002024) to introduce how to enterprise＇s investors operating capability analysis. Total asset turnover is to show enterprise sales income and total assets of the ratio of average balance. Suning 2020 sales revenue for 91.1 billion yuan, average total assets of 14 million yuan; 2020 sales income increased to 160.4 billion yuan, the average total assets is increased by 2.3 times, reached 31.9 million yuan. Due to the growing rate of total assets than the sales income increase, total asset turnover down to 5 by lead. The rate of decline in 2020 with suning opened the new mass are directly related. In order to complete the “national cloth nets“ thestrategic pattern, suning in 2020 at 65, a new store new landed 20 cities, and the original logistics, service system of radiation radius is limited, so su ning to makes lots of management platform, in order to support the construction of the urbanconstruction in the same after other stores of logistics and management. This makes su ning expansion strategy initial cost of relatively high. Current assets turnover is enterprise＇s sales income and liquidity ratio of average balance. Through this ratio analysis, we can further understanding of enterprise in the short term operation ability changes. From statements that su ning 2020 sales income nearly 1.6 billion yuan, growth rate, while the average flow rate reached more than doubled assets. The liquidity didn＇t bring the same margin large increase of sales income growth, so current assets turnover in 2020 7.36 dropped by the 2020 5.61, explain the efficiency in the use of su ning liquid assets declined. Fixed asset turnover is mainly used for analysis of fixed assets such as factory buildings, equipment, the ratio of the utilization efficiency of the higher and higher, explain utilization, management level, the better. If the fixed asset turnover compared with industry average low, then explaining enterprise of fixed assets utilization is low, might affect the enterprise profitability. It reflects enterprise asset utilization degree. Fixed asset turnover ratio = sales revenue/average net value of fixed assets The average net value of fixed assets = (initialequity + final equity) voting 2 Enterprise inside certain period advocate business wu income with average net current assets ratio of total asset utilization, is appraise enterprise another important indexes. It reflects the enterprise liquid assets turnover rate from enterprise all assets, liquidity of the strongest in current assets Angle of enterprise assets utilization efficiency, in order to further analyze the quality of enterprise assets reveals acoustics major factor. Current assets turnover means certain period for a year) (usually the main business income and total migrant assets ratio of the average balance.therefore, can through to inventory turnover and accounts receivable further analysis of flow asset turnover ratio changes. Suning in stock sales primarily, therefore, accounts receivable accounted for only the liquidity, and inventory 50% 4.75%. Inventory turnover refers to enterprises and inventory cost of sales average balance ratio. For real estate industry inventory turnover is a very key indicators, real estate industry is very special. Usually, inventory turnover is the sooner the better, and real estate industry inventory quantity bigger, the slower the turnover that the strength of the company is the more abundant. Other industry＇s inventory turnover for six or seven times a year of general level, in contrast, in the real estate industry a year about a second, if in six or seven times a year inventory turnover for real estate industry as the company is tiny companies, with a powerful real estate stocks, inventory turnover are very low, because must keep a lot of land reserves, land reserve is his inventory, the houses built yet form sales belong to assets range, depend on these achieve sales.Inventory turnover condition can also be expressed with inventory, namely said days once inventory turnover the time required that the shorter days, the faster inventory turnover. Suning 15.05 inventory turnover in 2020 for 2020, this ratio dropped to 10.33. Accordingly, inventory turnover days from 24 days extended to 35 days. Inventory liquidation speed decreased obviously, explain suning sales ability may exist problems down or inventory excess. Accounts receivable turnover refers to the enterprise certain period income and accounts receivable credit average balance ratio. It reflects the company obtained the account receivable from the right to withdraw money, can be converted into cash needed the length of time. Accounts receivable turnover can be used to estimate the accounts receivable convertedspeed and management efficiency. Recovery quickly can save money, also shows that enterprise credit situation is good, not easy loss of bad happened. Generally believe that the higher the turnover of the good.This index measure enterprise accounts receivable into cash speed. Because credit sales income can＇t easily get, in practice used more sales income is calculated alternative credit income. Suning customers is mainly individual consumer to both clear of money and goods, trading on the basis of the account receivable credit income proportion is very small, so the sales income data obtained by receivable turnover is very high. In general, the higher the ratio of enterprises that enterprise collection receivable and the faster, can reduce the loss of bad, and liquidity strong, enterprise＇s short-term solvency will also strengthen, in some extent could compensate for the current ratio low adverse impact. If the enterprise receivables turnover is too low, then explaining enterprise collection receivable inefficient or credit policy very loose, affect the enterprise use of the capital and capital normal turnover. On real estate enterprise operation ability of financial analysis framework can mainly from three aspects: building management ability index, accountsreceivable turnover and working capital turnover rate. In these three respects based on real estate enterprise combining the characteristics, the selection of the appropriate financial index on real estate enterprises＇ operating capability evaluation. This paper puts forward the analysis framework of general applicability, for real estate enterprises and other enterprises in the operation of the managers do provide quantitative basis for decision-making and analysis methods. Through the case analysis can be found that, because the influence of assets turnover rate, total assets yield level but not necessarily advocate business wu income consistent with gross margin. And commercial real estate and industrial real estate, residential real estate than sex where profit margins, so vanke＇s sales income margin increased year by year, but despite highest when still about 41%, but the lujiazui, and the land is provided income can be as high as 80% gross margin, cofco property of materials processing income also can achieve 75% gross margin. From the trend, the incomes of the three companies are in growth state gross margin. But because the operating cash flow is low, the efficiency high profit margins of the lujiazui and cofco real estate but show low on total assets. Three real estate enterpriseoperations in there is a common problem, namely the working capital turnover rate is too slow. Operation ability of the enterprise of the scale of operations and different difference were real estate enterprise can cause inventory turnover rate and working capital turnover rate is different. Residential property turnover rate sex than commercial real estate and industrial real estate, so vanke faster the inventory turnover faster than lujiazui, cofco property because small in scale, the turnover rate close to YuWanKe. But in recent years due to land prices continue to rise, real estate enterprises have been through a lot of store, extend the project development period and so on the way to getting the higher profit margin. Thus the current real estate enterprises in our country there are a large amount of inventory turnover, slow ills. 译文营运能力的分析资料来源：中国证券网 05/17/2020 作者：Techever 营运能力是充分利用现有资源创造社会财富的能力，可以用来评价企业对其拥有资源的利用程度和营运活动能力。
营运能力的分析外文中英文翻译
营运能力的分析外文中英文翻译asset XXX。
and XXX。
XXX.XXX。
we need to XXX。
The key is to XXX.XXX assets。
The turnover rate of assets。
including inventory turnover。
liquid assets XXX rate。
and total asset XXX。
XXX revenue and profit。
leading to higher business efficiency.In summary。
XXX indicators。
and improving it requires XXX.这篇文章来源于网络，如有侵权，请及时告知上传者删除。
本文旨在分享知识。
1.电子商务的定义电子商务是指利用互联网、计算机网络等信息技术手段，实现商业活动的过程。
它涵盖了从生产、销售到售后服务的全过程，有利于企业提高效率、降低成本、拓展市场，同时也方便了消费者的购物体验。
2.电子商务的优势电子商务的优势主要体现在以下几个方面：1）降低成本。
电子商务可以减少人力、物力、财力的投入，降低企业的成本。
2）拓展市场。
电子商务可以突破地域限制，将产品推向全球市场。
3）提高效率。
电子商务可以实现自动化、信息化管理，提高企业的运营效率。
4）提升客户体验。
电子商务可以提供更加便捷、快速、多样化的购物体验，满足消费者的需求。
3.电子商务的发展趋势随着移动互联网、大数据、人工智能等新技术的发展，电子商务也在不断地发展变化。
未来，电子商务的发展趋势主要体现在以下几个方面：1）移动化。
随着智能手机的普及，移动端的电子商务将成为未来的主流。
2）个性化。
大数据和人工智能技术的应用，将使电子商务更加个性化、精准化。
3）跨界融合。
电子商务将与传统行业进行深度融合，形成新的商业模式。
4）生态化。
电子商务将与相关产业形成生态链，实现资源共享和协同发展。
营运能力比率分析英文文献及翻译
Operating Capacity Ratio AnalysisFrank J. Fabozzi ,Pamela P. Peterson《Financial Management and Analysis》[M],2004 Using financial ratio analysisFinancial analysis provides information concerning a firm’s operating performance and financial condition. This information is useful to analysis in evaluating a firms operation and to an investor in evaluating the risk and potential returns to investing in a firms securitiesActivity ratiosActivity ratios - for the most part, turnover ratios can be used to evaluate the benefits produced by specific assets, such as inventory or accounts receivable or to evaluate the benefits produced by the totality of the firms assets.Inventory managementThe inventory turnover ratio indicates how quickly a firm has used inventory to generate the goods and services that are sold. The inventory turnover is the ratio of the cost of goods sold to inventory:Inventory turnover ratio=Cost of goods sold/InventoryAccounts receivable managementIn much the same way we evaluated inventory turnover, we can evaluate a firms management of its accounts receivable and its credit policy. The account receivable turnover ratio is a measure of how effectively a firm is using credit extended to customers. The reason for extending credit is to increase sales. The downside to extending credit is the possibility of default -customers not paying when promised. The benefit obtained from extending credit is referred to as net credit sales -sales on credit less returns and refunds.Accounts receivable turnover=Net credit sales/ Accounts receivableOverall asset managementThe inventory and accounts receivable turnover ratios reflect the benefits obtained from the use of specific assets (inventory and accounts receivable.)For a more general picture of the productivity of the firm, we can compare the sales during a period with the total assets that generated these sales.One way is with the total asset turnover ratio which tells us how many times during the year the value of a firm's total assets is generated in sales:Total assets turnover=Sales/Total assetsAn alternative is to focus only on fixed assets, the long-term, tangible assets of the firm. The fixed asset turnover is the ratio of sales to fixed assets:Fixed asset turnover ratio=Sales/Fixed assetsReceivables ManagementWhen a firm allows customers to pay for goods and services at a later date, it creates accounts receivable. By allowing customers to pay some time after they receive the goods or services, you are granting credit, which we refer to as trade credit. Trade credit, also referred to as merchandise credit or dealer credit, is an informal credit arrangement. Unlike other forms of credit, trade credit is not usually evidenced by notes, but rather is generated spontaneously: Trade credit is granted when a customer buys goods or services.Monitoring Accounts Receivable: You can monitor how well accounts receivable are managed using financial ratios and aging schedules. Financial ratios can be usedto get an overall picture of how fast we collect on accounts receivable.Aging schedules, which are breakdowns of the accounts receivable by how long they have been around, help you get a more detailed picture of your collection efforts.You can get an idea of how quickly we collect our accounts receivable by calculating the Number of Days of Credit ,which is the ratio of the balance in accounts receivable at a point in time (say, at the end of a year) to the credit sales per day (on average, the dollar amount of credit sales during a day):Number of days of credit = Accounts receivable/Credit sales per dayThe number of days credit ratio, also referred to as the average collection period and days sales outstanding (DSO), measures how long, on average, it takes us to collect on our accounts receivable.Inventory ManagementInventory is the stock of physical goods for eventual sale. Inventory consists of raw material, work-in-process, and finished goods available for sale. There are many factors in a decision of how much inventory to have on hand. As with accounts receivable, there is a trade off between the costs of investing in inventory and the costs of insufficient inventory. There’s a cost to too much inventory and there’s a cost of too little inventory.Reasons for Holding Inventory: There are several reasons to hold inventory.The most obvious is that if you sell a product, you cant transact business without inventory. Another obvious reason is that goods cannot be manufacturedinstantaneously.If you manufacture goods,you will likely have some inventory in various stages of production.This is referred to as work-in-process.You also may want to have some inventory of finished goods in case sales are greater than expected.Or you may want to hold some speculative inventory for dealing with events such as a change in the product or a change in the cost of theraw materials.Further,some firms hold inventory to satisfy contractual agreements.For example,a retail outlet that is the sole distributor or representative of a product in a region,may be required to carry a specified inventory of goods for sale.The decision to invest in inventory involves,ultimately,determining the levelof inventory such that the marginal benefit(such as.providing for transactions and precautionary needs)equal the marginal cost(such as carrying costs).The level of inventory at which the marginal benefits equal the marginal cost is the owners wealth maximizing level.Models of Inventory Management:There are alternative models for inventory management,but the basic idea for all of them is the same:Minimize inventory costs.The Economic Order Quantity Model:The Economic Order Quantity(EOQ) model helps us determine what quantity of inventory to order each time we order so that total inventory costs throughout the period are minimized.The economic order quantity model assumes that:l.Inventory is received instantaneously.2.Inventory is used uniformly over the period.3.Inventory shortages are not desirable.With these assumptions,firms can minimize the cost of inventory the sum of the carrying costs and the ordering costs by ordering a specific amount of inventory,refer red to as the economic order quantity,each time they run out of inventory.Monitoring Inventory Management:We can monitor inventory by looking at financial ratios in much the same way we can monitor receivables.The number of days of inventory is the ratio of the dollar value of inventory at a point in time to the cost of goods sold per day:Number of days of inventory = Inventory/Average day’s cost of goods sold,This ratio is an estimate of the number of days’worth of sales you have on bined with an estimate of the demand for your goods,this ratio helps you i n planning your production and purchasing of goods.Another way to monitor inventory is the inventory turnover ratio- -the ratio of what you sell over a period(the cost of goods sold)to what you have on hand at the end of that period(inventory): Inventory turnover =Cost of goods sold/Inventory,The inventory turnover ratio tells you, on average, how many times inventory flows through the firm from raw materials to goods sold-during the period. If the typical inventory turnover for a firm is, say, five times, that means that the firm completes the cycles of investing in inventory and selling in five times in the year. If the turnover is less than usual, this may suggest either production is slower(resulting i n relatively more work-in-process) or that sales are sluggish and perhapsneed a boost from providing sales incentives or discounting prices.Also, interpretation of an inventory turnover ratio is not straightforward.Is a higher turnover good or bad? It could be either. A high turnover may mean that the firm is using its investment in inventory efficiently. But it might mean that the firmis risking a shortage of inventory. Not keeping enough on hand (relative to what is sold)incurs a chance of lost sales and customer goodwill. Using inventory turnover ratios along with measures of profitability can give you a better idea of whether you are getting an adequate return on your investment in inventory.The management of current assets. requires balancing the cost of having too much tied up in the asset against the benefits of having a sufficient amount of the assets on hand. Though business practices and customs differ among industries, the general idea in the management of receivables is to grant credit to encourage sales and stay competitive, while considering the cost of tying up funds and of possible incurring bad debts. In the management of inventory, the investment in inventory differs among industries since the nature of the goods for sales dictates in large part the type of inventory required. The economic order quantity model and thejust-in-time management technique can aid the financial manager in managing the investment in inventory.The common purpose of decisions related to accounts receivable and inventory is to minimize investment in short-term assets. But in all cases, you must have some investment in the asset because you will incur costs if you do not have enough of the asset. If you lack sufficient inventory or you fail to offer competitive credit terms,you may lose sales to your competitors.Receivable management involves a trade off between the benefits of increased sales and the costs of credit (for example, the opportunity cost of funds and defaults by credit customers).Credit and collection policies must be formulated to consider the benefits arising from increasing sales and the costs associated with extending credit.Inventory management involves a trade off between the benefits of having sufficient inventory to meet demand and the costs- of inventory (for example, the opportunity cost of funds, storage, and obsolescence).Models of inventory management, such as the economic order quantity model and the just-in-time technique, can be used to analyze and minimize the costs of inventory.营运能力比率分析弗兰克.J.法博奇，帕梅拉.P.彼得森《财务管理与分析》2004年版财务比率分析通过财务分析，可以使不同的信息使用者得到有关企业营运状况和财务状况的信息。
企业财务营运能力比率分析中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文对照外文翻译文献(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)营运能力比率分析1.财务比率分析通过财务分析，可以使不同的信息使用者得到有关企业营运状况和财务状况的信息。
这些信息都是很有价值的，它可以帮助企业经营者全面了解企业的营运状况，可以帮助企业投资者预测投资风险和投资报酬，做出投资、继续投资或转移投资的决策。
2.经营比率经营比率即周转比率，它在很大程度上可以用来评估特定资产产生的利益，诸如存货、应收账款可以用来评价公司全部资产产生的利润。
3.存货的管理存货周转率表明公司已销售货物和服务的使用效率。
存货周转率是企业营业成本与存货间的比率：存货周转率＝营业成本／平均存货4.应收账款的管理就像评估存货周转一样，我们可以用应收账款和信用政策评估一个公司的经营管理水平。
应收账款周转率是评价企业运用信用政策效率的一种方法。
提供信用期限是为了刺激销售。
信用政策的使用，是为了防止客户出现不履行承诺的可能性。
延长信用期限的好处就同净赊销－销售应该收到的现金少于实际到账的。
应收账款周转率＝营业收入净额／应收账款平均余额5.全部资产的管理存货周转率和应收账款周转率反映的是特定资产使用的效率。
为了更加全面的反映一个公司的生产经营能力，我们可以将一定时期的营业收入和资产总额进行比较。
一种方法就是使用总资产周转率，这个指标告诉我们年度内一个公司在销售环节总资产的周转次数。
总资产周转率＝销售收入净额／平均资产总额另一种方法是只注重固定资产，公司的长期、有形资产。
固定资产周转率是固定资产和固定资产平均净值的比值。
固定资产周转率＝销售收入净额／固定资产平均净值6.应收账款的管理当一个公司允许其客户在以后的日子里支付商品或服务的款项时，就产生了应收账款。
允许客户在收到商品或服务后付款，这就给了客户信用，也就是所谓的商业信用。
商业信用又称商品信用或者贸易信用，是一种非正式的信用，它不像其它形式的信用，商业信用通常不需要以票据为根据，而是自发产生的：当客户购买商品或服务，随之产生了商业信用。