情态动词
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若句中含有过去的时间状语，用一般过去时完成反意疑问句
3.He must have gone to Beijing, hasn’t he?
若句中不含任何时间状语， 用现在完成时完成反意疑问句
•can 后跟动词原形，表示对现在情
况的否定和疑问推测
1. Mr Li has gone to Beijing; the man at the gate c_a_n_’__t_b_ehim。门口的那个人不可能是他。
— The room is so dirty. _____ we clean it? — Of course. (2003北京春)
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do
上述两题均考查 shall的非常用含义，当shall
用于一、三人称疑问句中时，表示征求对方意 见；用于二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给 对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。
he?
3.It is eleven o’clock at night and the lights are off. They must be sleeping now, aren’t they?
must后接的是be sleeping，是对正在进 行的情况推测
2.It must have rained last night, for the road was very muddy， didn’t it?
Grammar
情态动词
情态动词的语法特征
❖情态动词没有人称，数的变化
❖情态动词后加动词原形
情态动词表推测
•must+do/be doing 可以对现在、
现在进行的情况进行肯定的推测
1.Judging from his accent, he_m_u_s_t_b__efrom the south听他的口音， 他一定是南方人。
B. may have turned off the alarm clock
C. must have no one t o call her
D. should have someone to wake her up
4.As it turned out to be a small house party, we __D__ so formally.
•may/might+do/be，表示对现在情况的
推测。may/might+have done表示对过 去已发生行为的推测。一般只用语肯定句 和否定句中，不用与疑问句。might比 may更委婉、含蓄和不肯定。
1. He m__a_y/_m_i_g_h_t _b_e_English.他可能是英国人。 2. It’s too late. I think hem_a_y_h_a_v_e_g_o_n_e___to
2.You needn’t have bought it.
你本可不必买它的。 （你买了）
➢巩 固 练 习
1.Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I B____ so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t eat
He shall leave the house at once.
The sign reads: No person shall smoke here!
“The interest ______be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides. A. may B. should C. must D. shall
B. shouldn’t have eaten
C. mustn’t eat
D. mustn’t have eaten
2.---Why hasn’t Jane arrived yet?
---She __B__ again in the morning.
A. shouldn’t have overslept
2.Tom bouBaidu Nhomakorabeaht a lot of apples. He m__u_s_t_l_ik_e_eating apples. 他一定喜欢吃苹果。
3.It is eleven o’clock at night and the lights are off. They
m__u_s__t _b_e__s_l_e_e_p_i_n_g_now.他们一定是在睡觉了。
bed. 太晚了m，ay我/m想ig他ht可no能t h已av经e 睡fin觉ish了ed。 3. He _______________________the work.
2--Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?A
--No. it ____ be him---I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.
NOTICE
❖must表推测时只能用于肯定句中。 ❖与must有关句子的反意疑问句。
因must后是系动词 be
1.Judging from his accent, he must be from the south,
isn’t, he?
因must后是实意动词like
2.Tom bought a lot of apples. He must like eating apples, doesn’t
3.---When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
---They _B___ be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need
6.---I wonder why they are late? ---They _C____ the train.
A.can’t be B. mustn’t have been C. should be D. couldn’t have been 10.Chinese must have the largest
number of speakers, _C___they? A.mustn’t B. haven’t C. don’t D.
他们可能赢了篮球赛吗？
2. It _c_a_n_’_t_h_a_v_e_b_e_e_nMr. Green. He has gone to New York.
那不可能是格林先生的，他已经去北京了。
Could表推测时， 可用于各种句式中， “纯自由人”
❖ He could be right. ❖ He could have finished his homework. ❖ Could he be right? ❖ Could he have finished his homework? ❖ He couldn’t be a bad egg. ❖ He couldn’t have stolen my money.
2.You could have reported to me earlier. 你本该早点告诉我的。
should/ought to+have done用于肯定 句时，表示“本该做某事而实际上没 做”，用于否定句时，则表示“不该 做的事反而做了”。
1.You should have told him a week ago. 你本来应该在一周前告诉他的。 2.You ought not to have taken the magazine out
B. could fall out
C. should have fallen out D. must have fallen out
9. ---There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. ---It _D__ a comfortable journey.
（2011·陕西卷）24.—Will you read me a story ,Mummy? —OK. You________have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. A.might B. must C. could D. shall
didn’t
情态动词表虚拟
could(不用can)+have done,在肯定 句中表示“本来能够…而没能…”， 具有婉转的批评和责备之意。
1. I could have passed my exam easily, but I made too many stupid mistakes. 我本来能够轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该 犯的 错误。
•must +have done 表示对过去已经
发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必/准 是/一定做了某事”。
1.It m__u_s_t h_a_v_e__ra_in_e_d___last night, for the road was very muddy.昨晚 一定是下雨了
2.He _m_u_s_t_h_a_v_e_g_o_n_e_to Beijing. 他一定已经去北京了。
of the reading room. 他不该、把杂志带出阅览室的。
might（不用may）+have done表示 “本来可能…”，但实际上没有发生 的事。另外，还可表示“本来应该或 可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备 语气。
1.you shouldn't have swum in that river. you might have been eaten by fish. 您本来可能会被鱼吃掉的。
A.needn’t dress B. didn’t have to dress up C. Might not have dressed up D. needn’t have dressed up 5.I’m rather surprised you haven’t reported
him to your teacher. In my opinion, yCou ___ this as soon as you found out he was cheating. A. must have done B. might have done C. should have done D. could have done
2. The watch is not yours. Who else’s can it be? 它可能是谁的呢？
•can+have done表示对过去的行为
的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和 疑问句中。
1. _C_a_n__th_e_y__h_a_v_e__w_o_n_the basketball match?
A.can’t B. mustn’t C. won’t D.may not
4.---are
you
D
coming to
Jeff’s
party?
---I’m not sure. I ___ go to the concert instead.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
shall
1. 用于第一、三人称疑问句，征求对方意见。
e.g. Shall we begin our class?
Shall he go now? 2. 二、三人称陈述句，提出命令，禁止，威胁，
允诺”等. 或用于法律、规定 e.g. You shall get my book on Sunday.
2. You might have come earlier. 你本可以早点来的。（但没有这样）
►may have done只表推测
needn’t +have done表示做了 本来不必去做的事。
1.She needn’t have gone to the station yesterday.
昨天她本不必到火车站去的.（昨天她去了）
A. can’t have missed B. could miss C. must have missed D. might miss
7.---Show me your permit, please!
---Oh, it’s not in my pocket. It D______.
A. might fall out
3.He must have gone to Beijing, hasn’t he?
若句中不含任何时间状语， 用现在完成时完成反意疑问句
•can 后跟动词原形，表示对现在情
况的否定和疑问推测
1. Mr Li has gone to Beijing; the man at the gate c_a_n_’__t_b_ehim。门口的那个人不可能是他。
— The room is so dirty. _____ we clean it? — Of course. (2003北京春)
A. Will B. Shall C. Would D. Do
上述两题均考查 shall的非常用含义，当shall
用于一、三人称疑问句中时，表示征求对方意 见；用于二、三人称陈述句中，表示说话人给 对方的命令、警告、允诺或威胁等。
he?
3.It is eleven o’clock at night and the lights are off. They must be sleeping now, aren’t they?
must后接的是be sleeping，是对正在进 行的情况推测
2.It must have rained last night, for the road was very muddy， didn’t it?
Grammar
情态动词
情态动词的语法特征
❖情态动词没有人称，数的变化
❖情态动词后加动词原形
情态动词表推测
•must+do/be doing 可以对现在、
现在进行的情况进行肯定的推测
1.Judging from his accent, he_m_u_s_t_b__efrom the south听他的口音， 他一定是南方人。
B. may have turned off the alarm clock
C. must have no one t o call her
D. should have someone to wake her up
4.As it turned out to be a small house party, we __D__ so formally.
•may/might+do/be，表示对现在情况的
推测。may/might+have done表示对过 去已发生行为的推测。一般只用语肯定句 和否定句中，不用与疑问句。might比 may更委婉、含蓄和不肯定。
1. He m__a_y/_m_i_g_h_t _b_e_English.他可能是英国人。 2. It’s too late. I think hem_a_y_h_a_v_e_g_o_n_e___to
2.You needn’t have bought it.
你本可不必买它的。 （你买了）
➢巩 固 练 习
1.Oh, I’m not feeling well in the stomach. I B____ so much fried chicken just now.
A. shouldn’t eat
He shall leave the house at once.
The sign reads: No person shall smoke here!
“The interest ______be divided into five parts, according to the agreement made by both sides. A. may B. should C. must D. shall
B. shouldn’t have eaten
C. mustn’t eat
D. mustn’t have eaten
2.---Why hasn’t Jane arrived yet?
---She __B__ again in the morning.
A. shouldn’t have overslept
2.Tom bouBaidu Nhomakorabeaht a lot of apples. He m__u_s_t_l_ik_e_eating apples. 他一定喜欢吃苹果。
3.It is eleven o’clock at night and the lights are off. They
m__u_s__t _b_e__s_l_e_e_p_i_n_g_now.他们一定是在睡觉了。
bed. 太晚了m，ay我/m想ig他ht可no能t h已av经e 睡fin觉ish了ed。 3. He _______________________the work.
2--Isn’t that Ann’s husband over there?A
--No. it ____ be him---I’m sure he doesn’t wear glasses.
NOTICE
❖must表推测时只能用于肯定句中。 ❖与must有关句子的反意疑问句。
因must后是系动词 be
1.Judging from his accent, he must be from the south,
isn’t, he?
因must后是实意动词like
2.Tom bought a lot of apples. He must like eating apples, doesn’t
3.---When can I come for the photos? I need them tomorrow afternoon.
---They _B___ be ready by 12:00. A. can B. should C. might D. need
6.---I wonder why they are late? ---They _C____ the train.
A.can’t be B. mustn’t have been C. should be D. couldn’t have been 10.Chinese must have the largest
number of speakers, _C___they? A.mustn’t B. haven’t C. don’t D.
他们可能赢了篮球赛吗？
2. It _c_a_n_’_t_h_a_v_e_b_e_e_nMr. Green. He has gone to New York.
那不可能是格林先生的，他已经去北京了。
Could表推测时， 可用于各种句式中， “纯自由人”
❖ He could be right. ❖ He could have finished his homework. ❖ Could he be right? ❖ Could he have finished his homework? ❖ He couldn’t be a bad egg. ❖ He couldn’t have stolen my money.
2.You could have reported to me earlier. 你本该早点告诉我的。
should/ought to+have done用于肯定 句时，表示“本该做某事而实际上没 做”，用于否定句时，则表示“不该 做的事反而做了”。
1.You should have told him a week ago. 你本来应该在一周前告诉他的。 2.You ought not to have taken the magazine out
B. could fall out
C. should have fallen out D. must have fallen out
9. ---There were already five people in the car, but they managed to take me as well. ---It _D__ a comfortable journey.
（2011·陕西卷）24.—Will you read me a story ,Mummy? —OK. You________have one if you go to bed as soon as possible. A.might B. must C. could D. shall
didn’t
情态动词表虚拟
could(不用can)+have done,在肯定 句中表示“本来能够…而没能…”， 具有婉转的批评和责备之意。
1. I could have passed my exam easily, but I made too many stupid mistakes. 我本来能够轻易通过考试，但我犯了太多不该 犯的 错误。
•must +have done 表示对过去已经
发生的行为进行推测，意为“想必/准 是/一定做了某事”。
1.It m__u_s_t h_a_v_e__ra_in_e_d___last night, for the road was very muddy.昨晚 一定是下雨了
2.He _m_u_s_t_h_a_v_e_g_o_n_e_to Beijing. 他一定已经去北京了。
of the reading room. 他不该、把杂志带出阅览室的。
might（不用may）+have done表示 “本来可能…”，但实际上没有发生 的事。另外，还可表示“本来应该或 可以做某事”之意，含有轻微的责备 语气。
1.you shouldn't have swum in that river. you might have been eaten by fish. 您本来可能会被鱼吃掉的。
A.needn’t dress B. didn’t have to dress up C. Might not have dressed up D. needn’t have dressed up 5.I’m rather surprised you haven’t reported
him to your teacher. In my opinion, yCou ___ this as soon as you found out he was cheating. A. must have done B. might have done C. should have done D. could have done
2. The watch is not yours. Who else’s can it be? 它可能是谁的呢？
•can+have done表示对过去的行为
的怀疑和不肯定，通常用在否定句和 疑问句中。
1. _C_a_n__th_e_y__h_a_v_e__w_o_n_the basketball match?
A.can’t B. mustn’t C. won’t D.may not
4.---are
you
D
coming to
Jeff’s
party?
---I’m not sure. I ___ go to the concert instead.
A. must B. would C. should D. might
shall
1. 用于第一、三人称疑问句，征求对方意见。
e.g. Shall we begin our class?
Shall he go now? 2. 二、三人称陈述句，提出命令，禁止，威胁，
允诺”等. 或用于法律、规定 e.g. You shall get my book on Sunday.
2. You might have come earlier. 你本可以早点来的。（但没有这样）
►may have done只表推测
needn’t +have done表示做了 本来不必去做的事。
1.She needn’t have gone to the station yesterday.
昨天她本不必到火车站去的.（昨天她去了）
A. can’t have missed B. could miss C. must have missed D. might miss
7.---Show me your permit, please!
---Oh, it’s not in my pocket. It D______.
A. might fall out