案例英国石油公司的知识管理实践和经验-文档资料
安全文化建设的成功实践建设范文(5篇)
安全文化建设的成功实践建设范文随着社会的不断进步和发展,安全文化建设在企业和社会中的重要性日益凸显。
良好的安全文化可以有效预防和控制各种潜在的安全隐患,保障员工和公众的生命财产安全。
本文将结合某公司的实际情况,探讨安全文化建设的成功实践,并提出相关的建议和经验。
一、背景介绍某公司是一家制造业企业,主要生产和销售电子产品。
由于产品生产过程中存在一定的安全风险,为了确保员工的安全,公司决定进行安全文化建设。
在开始实施安全文化建设之前,公司的安全管理工作主要依靠外部法规的规定和员工个人的自觉性,缺乏系统化和长期性的安全管理制度。
二、实施过程1. 制定安全管理制度公司首先成立了一个由各部门代表组成的安全管理小组,负责制定和推行安全管理制度。
安全管理制度覆盖了从生产环境整治到员工行为规范的方方面面,确保安全管理的全面性和系统性。
制定安全管理制度的过程中,公司注重与员工的沟通和参与,以确保制度的可操作性和员工的接受程度。
2. 加强安全培训和教育为了提高员工的安全意识和技能,公司加强了安全培训和教育工作。
公司邀请专业的安全培训机构进行培训,培训内容包括安全意识教育、安全操作技能培训等。
培训过程中,公司注重将培训内容与实际工作相结合,提高培训的实用性和有效性。
此外,公司还组织了一些安全活动,如安全知识竞赛、演练等,增强员工的安全意识和参与度。
3. 加强安全检查和监督为了确保安全管理制度的有效执行,公司建立了安全检查和监督制度。
每周,安全管理小组会对各部门的安全工作进行检查和评估,发现问题及时提出整改措施。
同时,公司还聘请了一些专业的安全监督员对生产现场进行常态化巡查,掌握隐患情况,并协助部门负责人改进安全工作。
4. 加强隐患排查和控制为了及时发现和解决安全隐患,公司建立了隐患排查和控制制度。
每季度,公司会组织一次全面的安全隐患排查,由安全管理小组负责组织和督促各部门完成。
发现隐患后,安全管理小组会及时与相关部门沟通,制定整改方案,并跟踪整改进展情况。
T型管理
T型管理是指在一个组织内部自由地分享知识(T的水平部分),同时注重单个业务单元业绩(T的垂直部分)的提升。
T型管理通过跨业务单元学习,共享资源,沟通思想,来创造横向价值(T的水平部分),同时通过各业务单元的密切合作,使单个业务单元的业绩(T的垂直部分)得到良好发展。
成功的T现管理组织能够在组织内通过横向和纵向的自由沟通,在组织内各业务单元间充分分享知识,并通过组织成员间的共同努力,使组织最终获得良性发展。
T型管理改变了组织内部人员的行为和支配时间的方式,打破传统的组织内部等级制度。
[编辑]T型管理的起源[2]大多数公司正浪费其在当今知识经济时代所拥有的最大财富:专门技术、观点,和散落或深植于组织内的洞察力。
这令人惋惜。
因为利用这些智力资源——使用现有知识去改善业绩或联合知识去创造新东西——能帮助公司对突如其来的挑战作出反应,避开小而灵活的对手,推出新业务或者进行企业兼并。
为了挖掘这些智力资源,许多公司把知识集中起来管理,或投资于知识管理技术,并取得了一些成功。
能源巨人BP(英国石油公司)则发明了另一种方法——T型管理,其效果非同凡响。
所谓T型管理,是指在公司内部自由地分享知识(T的水平部分),同时致力于单个业务单元业绩(T的垂直部分)。
成功的T型管理者学会在这种双向责任产生的紧张中生存,最终获得发展。
BP致力于T型管理的整个故事,是不断协调管理者的水平和垂直角色之间关系的过程,并且一直演变至今。
20世纪90年代早期,BP的T型管理方法的雏形出现在其石油和天然气勘测分部(BPX),其领导人为BP现任CEO约翰·布朗(John Browne)。
在一次旨在削减管理层、改善业绩和财务管理的竞标中,该分部被分拆为近50个半独立的业务单元。
因为业务单元头头独立地为自己单元的业绩负责,他们只关注自己业务的成功,而不关注BPX作为一个整体的成功。
怀着使BPX的整体业绩比它的业务单元业绩总量价值更大的目标,约翰·布朗着手鼓励人们更多地理解其他单元的业务和BPX整体的目标和挑战。
企业知识管理的实践案例
企业知识管理的实践案例一、引言知识管理是企业管理中重要且不可缺少的一部分,其目的在于通过有效的知识储备、共享以及利用,提升企业的生产效率和竞争力。
随着企业信息化水平的不断提升,知识管理的实践也越来越成熟。
本文将介绍几个知识管理实践案例,旨在为读者提供一些思路和实践经验。
二、企业知识管理的概述知识管理是一种新兴的管理理念,其构架包括了知识创造、储存、共享和利用等环节。
企业在进行知识管理时,需要借助先进的信息技术手段,例如企业内部知识库、专家系统等,以及规范的流程和制度来进行管理。
知识管理的好处在于,其可以促进各个部门之间的交流、减少知识流失、提升企业创新能力,并增强企业在市场上的竞争力。
三、知识管理实践案例1.孚日科技孚日科技是一家创新型公司,其主营业务包括OLED显示屏、太阳能电池板等。
知识管理在孚日科技的实践中,主要体现在以下几方面:(1)知识管理平台的建立:孚日科技建立了内部的知识管理平台,其中包括对产品的相关知识、研发流程和制度的规范说明等。
(2)知识共享和传承:孚日科技倡导员工分享和传承知识,通过内部分享会议、讲座等形式,鼓励员工积极参与知识的共享与传承。
(3)知识储备和整合:孚日科技注重对知识的储备和整合,采用内部专家系统、知识库等方式,对专业领域的知识进行归纳整理,并做成标准化的制度和文档,以备以后使用。
2.联想联想是一家全球大型的跨国企业,其主要业务包括计算机硬件、软件和IT服务等。
知识管理在联想的实践中,主要体现在以下几方面:(1)知识管理平台的建立:联想建立了全球性的知识管理平台,包括了产品的相关知识、服务规范、解决方案等,能够满足各个部门的需求。
(2)专家咨询系统的建立:联想的专家咨询系统,能够帮助用户快速解决各种问题。
系统中包含了丰富的解决方案、维护手册等,对于问题的解答提供了很大的帮助。
(3)知识共享与传承:联想鼓励员工之间的知识共享和传承,通过培训、内部交流会议、专题讲座等方式,促进知识的传递和内部的学习。
知识管理的地位、作用和实现形式
知识管理的地位、作用和实现形式出处:中外饭店作者:时间:2006—8—31 14:19:00 推荐好友查查看:历史上的今天中文版英文版一、知识管理是全面促进企业管理的工具根据国际数据公司(IDC)的统计,美国企业在2002年共投入了27亿美元的资金用于知识管理,预测2007年将投入48亿美元。
美国政府也非常重视知识管理,2003年的经费是8。
2亿美元,INPUT公司预测2008年将达到13亿美元。
国际数据公司还统计出,由于没能有效地进行信息共享,《财富》500强企业每年的损失是3 15亿美元。
根据安永会计事务所自己提供的情况,从1993年到2002年实行知识管理的10年中,安永在知识管理方面投入了5亿美元,而其收入增加了600%(员工数量只增加350%),人均收入超出竞争对手20%。
事务所在全球有11万名员工,他们的知识都可以共享,一个人在面对任务时会有11万人的知识体系对他进行帮助。
在安永的知识管理中,恰当的信息会传递给需要的人,各种知识(包括信息和资料)都会安放在适当的地方.除了未经加工的显性知识以外,通过员工加工的隐性知识就更加宝贵,因为这些知识不但提供了工作的思路、方法和路径,而且也有反面的教训来提示避免错误。
知识管理是企业全员参加的、全面的、全过程的管理行为,因此也就是全面促进企业管理的工具。
搞好知识管理的关键是人与人之间的理解和沟通,美国加州金赛咨询机构主席卡罗尔·金赛·戈曼认为:“知识管理就是变革管理,假如无法充分理解不同人不同的看法,那么所有的战略和技术的意义都等于零”。
二、知识管理是企业生存、发展的需要上一世纪八十年代以来,世界经济一直在发生重大变化.1980年,日本买下了纽约的洛克非勒中心和好莱坞的哥伦比亚制片公司,美国人惊呼日本将购买美国。
由于日元坚挺,很多日本孩子都已周游世界。
然而好景不长,由于美国成功地转入新经济,九十年代开始,日美关系又颠倒了过来,美国虽是最大的债务国却取得连续十多年的经济增长,而日本虽是最大的债权国却经济连年不景气.企业的情况更明显,1970年名列世界500强的公司到1982年已有三分之一消失;美国高新技术的企业寿命超过5年的只有百分之十。
石油公司知识管理与创新
石油公司知识管理与创新在当今竞争激烈的石油行业,知识管理和创新成为了公司持续发展的关键要素。
石油公司需要不断培养和传承内部的知识,同时也要积极创新,以提高竞争力和适应市场变化。
本文将探讨石油公司知识管理与创新的重要性,并提出相应的策略和实践。
一、知识管理的重要性知识是石油公司最宝贵的资产之一,它来自于公司内部员工的经验、专业技能和研发成果。
有效的知识管理可以促进知识的收集、储存、分享和应用,帮助公司更好地适应市场需求并提高生产效率。
以下是几个知识管理的重要方面:1. 知识收集和整理:石油公司应该建立有效的信息渠道,收集和整理来自内部和外部的各种知识资源,包括技术文献、市场报告、竞争情报等,以保持与行业前沿的接轨。
2. 知识共享和传承:通过内部培训、团队讨论和经验分享,促进员工之间的知识共享,避免知识孤岛的存在。
同时,公司还应设立适当的机制,将老员工的经验传承给新员工,确保知识的延续和流动。
3. 知识应用和创新:石油公司应该鼓励员工灵活运用知识,推动技术创新和业务模式创新。
通过跨部门合作和外部合作伙伴的引入,加强知识的交流和跨界融合,激发创新的火花。
二、创新的重要性石油行业面临诸多挑战,包括资源的稀缺性、环境压力和市场需求的多样性。
只有通过持续的创新,石油公司才能在激烈的竞争中脱颖而出,并保持行业的领先地位。
以下是几个创新的重要方面:1. 技术创新:石油公司应该加大对技术研发的投入,推动新技术的应用。
比如,开发更高效的勘探与生产技术,提高油田开发的效率;开发可持续发展的能源替代方案,应对环境压力。
2. 业务模式创新:石油公司应该审时度势,调整业务模式,以适应市场的变化。
比如,培养油气资源的综合利用能力,通过提炼石油副产品或发展新能源业务获得更高的附加值。
3. 管理创新:石油公司应该在组织管理和人力资源方面进行创新。
推动扁平化管理,提高沟通和协作效率;注重人才培养和激励机制建设,激发员工的创新潜力。
探析知识管理在石油企业管理中的应用
探析知识管理在石油企业管理中的应用作者:汪映春来源:《中外企业家》 2013年第1期知识管理就是为企业实现显性知识和隐性知识共享提供的新途径,知识管理是利用集体的智慧提高企业的应变和创新能力。
知识管理包括几个方面工作:建立知识库;促进员工的知识交流;建立尊重知识的内部环境;把知识作为资产来管理。
石油企业在实施知识管理的过程中,还依赖自身特有的机制、组织结构和企业文化,通过适当的方法使其得以实现。
随着知识经济时代的到来,知识管理已经逐渐成为这个时代下的新型管理模式,这是面对新时代的基本挑战。
当前,站在全球角度上进行分析,西方经济发达国家已经做好一切准备逐渐过渡到知识经济社会,管理大师们也都有提出:不管在哪一种资源中,知识都是最重要的一部分资源,在竞争和经济发展中,知识生产力发挥着极其重要的作用。
企业本身在经济社会中占有着重要的地位,最重要的就是知识型企业已经开始迎接新时代的挑战,而在此之前,必须要将传统的管理观念和模式逐渐转变成与新时期要求相符合的管理模式。
本文针对知识管理在石油企业管理中的应用进行相应的分析和阐述。
一、石油企业知识管理的含义当前,针对知识管理的解释还没有完全统一。
美国得而福集团创始人之一卡尔·费拉保罗曾经认为,知识管理其实就是在知识共享的基础上,通过集团的智慧,使企业的应变和创新能力得到有效提升,石油企业知识管理的出发点是将知识作为重要资源,将知识充分地利用起来,而石油企业竞争力的提升也需要通过它来实现。
因为知识载体中人发挥着重要的作用,所以,在石油企业知识管理中,人力资源发挥着极其重要的作用。
在石油企业知识管理过程中,主要针对人而言,针对人的工作实践以及文化而开展,这之后才涉及到技术层面。
石油企业知识管理大致可以有以下几方面的目标:(1) 知识的发布,可以使一个组织内的任何成员都能够充分有效地应用知识;(2)保证在需要的时候知识可以发挥作用;(3)使新知识得到有效地开发;(4) 在外部可以有效地获得知识;(5)在组织内新知识的扩散得到一定的保障;(6)组织内部的人都应该明确地知道所需要的知识在哪里。
英国石油公司(BP)的T型管理 文本文档
如何成功地培养T型管理者和从他们创造的价值中获益?BP给我们提供了答案。
BP致力于T型管理的整个故事,是不断协调管理者的水平和垂直角色之间关系的过程,并且一直演变至今。
20世纪90年代早期,BP的T型管理方法的雏形出现在其石油和天然气勘测分部(BPX),其领导人为BP现任CEO约翰?布朗(John Browne)。在一次旨在削减管理层、改善业绩和财务管理的竞标中,该分部被分拆为近50个半独立的业务单元。因为业务单元头头独立地为自己单元的业绩负责,他们只关注自己业务的成功,而不关注BPX作为一个整体的成功。
通过共享知识增加收益 在20世纪90年代后期,亨特是BP石化业务单元的领导,负责在中国西部设计和建造一座价值2亿美元的醋酸厂。该公司是和中国石化公司合资的。将这样一个工厂设在如此遥远的地方很复杂,使得这项任务相对有些冒险。所以亨特向世界各地的BP生产单位寻求专家意见。在30个月内,大约75人从不同地方飞至中国西部参观,短则一天长则数周。他们在技术、法律、税务、安全、会计和财务等方面给予建议。亨特说,由于同事帮助,这个工程项目在预算范围内按时完成。工厂于1998年11月开始生产,运作几个月即打开了市场。亨特说道:“我们需要专家意见。在我们组织内,它通常是一个长途电话。”
大卫联系公司不同单元的人。例如,他接到A工程师的电话,要求联系B工程师,希望B工程师能提供建议和帮助,以解决技术和战略上的难题。去年,他和他的伙伴促成了大约20起这样的单元之间的“同事帮助”。
大卫从其他单元获取意见。去年,他的业务单元获益于大约10个“同事帮助”,世界各地的人们对诸如市场计划等问题提供具体意见。
通过同事建议改善决策质量 当安妮成为业务单元主管,负责通过油管和油船把石油从阿拉斯加运输到美国西部炼油厂时,她对运输知之甚少。她的关键任务是决定未来20年用来运输石油所需的油船的数量和型号。除了从公司中心召集几个专家,她的工作组从其他业务单元指名道姓地点了6个同事来帮助决策。通过许多面对面的会议,工作组讨论了从长期油产量预测到为新油船的融资方案。最终,他们达成了出色的方案。
知识管理-案例集锦
知识管理案例集锦:案例一:道氏化学公司、斯堪迪亚公司、麦肯锡咨询公司、安永咨询公司以及IBM咨询公司等,都任命了“知识主管”和“智力资本总监”,监督他们各自公司的知识资源。
他们通过知识管理达到节约、改进和提高生产效率的目的。
这样的事例已屡见不鲜。
案例二:美国陆军成功的知识管理的一个重要方面是它的“战后回顾”计划。
这项作业包括,审查在一项任务或行动中预计会发生什么,实际发生了什么,两者之间为什么会有差异,从差异可以获得什么样的经验和教训。
士兵和军官在公开、协作和信任的气氛中相聚在一起做”战后回顾“。
陆军经验教训中心”战后回顾“的结果很快被写入陆军”条例“,或编入正式程序和训练计划。
”战后回顾“计划启动之初并不作为知识管理的工具,而是完善与责任等价值观念的回归。
这些价值观念在越南战争期间承受了巨大的损害。
陆军领导人采用了战后回顾计划,旨在寻求脚踏实地的真理以恢复这些价值观念。
起初,战后回顾计划用之于训练任务中,后来用之于所有类型的任务。
经过过去的若干年的实践,陆军认识到在战后回顾计划中他们获得了知识,找到了学习的工具。
案例三:1993年,英国石油公司勘探分公司将其地区中心改组为42个独立的经营实体。
公司总经理约翰.布朗亲自监督了这次勘探分公司转变成他称之为”资产联邦“的改组,他希望这些经营实体能自由开发适用于它们各自问题的解决办法和工艺流程。
而最好的和最适用的局部创新能在公司更大的范围内得到推广和运用。
英国石油公司勘探分公司因此可以利用其42个中等规模子公司的多样性和创造力。
这一公司资产联邦的思想与野中育二郎和竹内弘武在《创造知识的公司》一书中所描述的”多地区“结构不谋而合。
”多地区“结构是松下公司力图成为”探索可能性公司“的目的的一部分。
这些思想具有”超越当地化与全球化两者间鸿沟的重要意义“,这也正是约翰.布朗的目的。
案例四:IDEO公司是一家大型的、成功的产品设计公司,为其客户进行”例行工作式的革新“。
石油行业的最佳实践学习成功企业在石油行业中的最佳实践
石油行业的最佳实践学习成功企业在石油行业中的最佳实践石油行业一直以来都是世界经济的重要支柱,对于各国的能源安全和经济发展起着至关重要的作用。
如何在这个行业中取得成功,并保持领先地位,是每个企业都面临的重要问题。
在这篇文章中,我们将探讨一些石油行业中最佳的实践,以供学习借鉴。
1. 投资于创新技术和研发石油行业的成功企业都意识到创新技术的重要性,并愿意大量投资于研发。
他们寻求并采用新的技术和方法,以提高生产效率和降低成本。
例如,他们使用先进的勘探技术和3D/4D地震勘探技术,提高油田勘探和开发的成功率。
这种技术的应用不仅可以减少风险,还能使企业更好地利用资源,并提高产出。
2. 注重环境保护和可持续发展在当前全球环境问题日益突出的背景下,石油行业也面临着巨大的环境压力。
成功企业认识到环境保护与可持续发展的紧迫性,积极采取措施减少对环境的影响。
他们投资于清洁能源项目,推动能源结构调整,减少依赖传统的化石燃料。
同时,他们也致力于提高能源的使用效率,减少能源浪费。
3. 建立稳固的供应链和合作伙伴关系石油行业的成功企业知道,一个稳固的供应链和合作伙伴关系对于实现高效、可持续的生产至关重要。
他们与国内外的供应商和合作伙伴建立长期合作伙伴关系,并与他们进行深入的合作和沟通。
这有助于降低采购和运输成本,并确保及时供应所需的原材料和设备。
4. 关注员工培训和发展成功企业认识到员工是他们最宝贵的资产,在石油行业这个具有高度专业性和危险性的行业中,他们注重员工培训和发展。
他们投入大量资源用于培训员工,并提供良好的工作环境和福利待遇,以吸引和留住优秀的人才。
他们还鼓励员工学习新知识和技能,并提供各种发展和晋升机会。
5. 强调危机管理和安全生产石油行业的安全问题备受关注,成功企业重视危机管理和安全生产。
他们建立完善的安全管理体系,并制定严格的操作标准和紧急应对机制。
他们定期进行安全培训和演练,提高员工的安全意识和应对能力。
在面对突发事件时,他们能够迅速做出反应,并最大程度地减少损失和风险。
案例分析企业知识管理的实践
案例分析企业知识管理的实践企业知识管理的实践案例分析知识管理是一种有效管理和利用组织内外的知识资源,以提高企业竞争力和创新能力。
在当今信息化和知识经济时代,企业知识管理的重要性愈发凸显。
本文将以某企业的知识管理实践案例为例,对企业知识管理的具体实践进行深入分析和探讨。
一、背景介绍该企业是一家大型跨国公司,主要从事电子产品的制造和销售业务。
面对日益激烈的市场竞争和不断飞速变化的技术发展,该企业深切意识到知识对于公司发展的重要性,决定全面推行知识管理。
二、知识识别与获取该企业首先进行了知识识别与获取的工作,通过内部调研、面对面访谈等方式收集员工的专业知识,并建立了公司内部知识库,将大量的知识文档、技术资料进行整理和归档,方便员工随时查阅和学习。
此外,该企业还积极与外部合作伙伴和专家进行交流与合作,引进国外先进的技术和管理经验。
三、知识共享与传播为了更好地推行知识共享与传播,该企业通过内部培训、知识沙龙、团队分享会等多种方式促进员工之间的知识共享。
例如,定期组织技术交流会议,让各个团队的专家分享最新的技术成果和经验教训,提高整个团队的技术水平。
此外,该企业还建立了一个在线交流平台,为员工提供了一个随时随地交流和共享知识的平台。
四、知识应用与创新知识管理的目的是为了实现知识应用和创新,在此企业中也不例外。
该企业通过知识库的搭建和员工的积极参与,实现了对知识的有效利用和创新。
员工可以通过知识库快速查找所需的知识资料,不仅提高了工作效率,也促进了创新能力的提升。
同时,该企业还鼓励员工主动参与项目的研发和创新工作,激发员工创新意识,提高企业的技术实力和市场竞争力。
五、知识评估与反馈为了衡量知识管理的效果和进展,该企业建立了一套完善的知识评估体系。
通过对员工的工作成果和项目实施情况进行评估,可以及时了解到知识管理的运作效果,并针对问题和不足进行及时的反馈和改进。
此外,该企业还定期进行知识管理的绩效评估,对个人和团队的知识管理能力进行评价和激励,形成一种良性的知识管理循环。
案例:BP最佳实践
案例:BP最佳实践BP:一个价值增值的知识企业英国石油公司(BP)真正地实现了操作性知识管理和战略性知识管理的平衡。
在过去的10年中,这个国际性的石油公司已经从一个无重点的矿物、煤炭、动物喂养等的普通生产者转变成为盈利性最强的主要的石油企业。
它如何实现这些转变?我们看一看BP如何掌握价值增值的六方面能力。
分权以提高反应能力BP划分为90个业务单元,所以变得更灵活、更具反应力。
在业务单元的常务管理者和9个执行人之间不存在等级,高层管理团队刺激组织,而不是控制组织。
高层管理团队制定战略方向,以鼓励学习、确保吸收教训的机制到位。
公司总部和业务单元现在近有350名员工(对于一个收益为700亿美元的企业来说,这的确是一个不可思议的小数目);决策被推到它能被最有效管理的地方(业务单元);组织更加扁平,因为每位管理人员都在业务单元的团队中工作。
集中知识以提高预测能力BP在一个易懂的目标下运行,以便于每个人都能理解哪类知识是关键的、为了提高他们的绩效,他们应该学习什么。
公司通过把它的学习能力集中在这个目标上,从而增强竞争优势。
BP重在发现大型油田和天然气田,它们能够提供潜在的增长,并带来更高的资金回报,所以发现、开发和启动它们的成本就低。
而且,公司仅把重点放在能提供最好机会的20个国家。
此外,BP意识到不论一个企业怎么好,它只能拥有世界上最好技术的一小部分。
频繁地给BP带来战略优势的是综合和应用技术的能力。
通过类似于"虚拟团队工作"这样的项目以及BP快速发展的内部网(内部网中,每个技术领域有其站点,部门专家要描述他们必须提供的经验),人们联系、交流和共享知识变得容易了。
关注流程以提高生产能力BP选定了基于流程的扁平组织结构,这个流程与一个目标相联系,所以人们可以明白他们针对的目标是什么。
管理也在流程中实现,因为每个主管和相关代表都在一个团队中工作以指导业务单元。
作为有保障的过程,评论过去和未来计划要确立一个明确的观点:执行是第一位的。
知识管理办法在跨国企业知识共享与传递中的实践案例
知识管理办法在跨国企业知识共享与传递中的实践案例随着全球化的进一步深入,跨国企业在不同国家和地区拥有广泛的业务网络和知识资产。
如何有效地管理和共享这些知识成为跨国企业成功的关键因素之一。
知识管理办法作为一种系统性的方法,被越来越多的企业用于实现知识的共享与传递。
本文将以实际案例为基础,探讨知识管理办法在跨国企业中的应用,以及在知识共享与传递中的实践。
案例一:A公司的跨国知识共享平台A公司是一家全球领先的跨国制造企业,其业务遍布多个国家和地区。
为了更好地管理和共享知识,A公司建立了一个跨国知识共享平台。
该平台采用了先进的信息技术和协作工具,促进了全球各业务单位之间的交流和合作。
首先,A公司在平台上建立了一个知识库,用于存储和管理各种类型的知识资产,包括技术手册、操作指南、经验教训等。
员工可以根据自己的权限和需求,自由地查阅和下载这些知识资源,从而提高工作效率和质量。
其次,A公司在平台上创建了一个协作社区,各业务单位的员工可以在这里分享自己的经验和见解,进行讨论和交流。
通过这种方式,不同国家和地区之间的员工可以打破时间和空间的限制,共同解决问题,促进协作与创新。
此外,A公司还采用了智能搜索技术,使得员工可以快速找到他们所需的知识。
通过关键词搜索和推荐算法的应用,员工可以迅速定位到相关的知识资源,提高了查找效率和准确性。
以上就是A公司实践中采用的知识管理办法,通过建立跨国知识共享平台,实现了知识的共享与传递,提升了整个企业的竞争力和创新能力。
案例二:B公司的跨国员工培训计划B公司是一家跨国金融机构,拥有遍布全球的分支机构和员工团队。
为了加强员工的培训和发展,B公司制定了一套全球统一的培训计划,并采用知识管理办法来支持和促进培训活动的开展。
首先,B公司在全球范围内建立了一个虚拟学习平台,通过网络和在线学习的方式,为全体员工提供培训课程和学习资源。
员工可以根据自己的兴趣和职业发展需求,选择适合自己的培训课程,并通过在线学习的方式进行学习和考核。
英国石油的知识管理(英文版)
Managing Knowledge ManagementPARTICIPANTS:Erik ÅbøStatoilStavanger, NorwayLesley ChipperfieldShell International E&PRijswijk, The NetherlandsChris MottersheadBPSunbury on Thames, EnglandJohn OldTexacoHouston, Texas, USARodulfo PrietoPetróleos de Venezuela S.A. (PDVSA) Caracas, VenezuelaJeff StemkeChevronSan Ramon, California, USA MODERATOR:Reid SmithHouston, Texas Oil and gas companies have varied approaches to sharing knowledge. Experts from six E&P companies discuss experiences in establishing knowledge-management infrastructures—what they’ve learned to date and what the future may hold.Moderator, Reid Smith,Vice President, Knowl-edge Management, Schlumberger:Many companies develop knowledge manage-ment programs in response to key issues or aparticular event within the organization. Whatbusiness drivers are behind your knowledge-management efforts, and what are your compa-nies trying to achieve through knowledgemanagement?Lesley Chipperfield,Manager of Organiza-tional Performance, Shell International E&P:Our start in knowledge management began withthe major reorganization of Shell in late 1995 andearly 1996 when we started transitioning from agroup of globally dispersed companies that werenot linked to a globally connected company.Before that, the companies didn’t talk directly toeach other, and if they did, it was through servicecompanies. Reorganization mandated that we dothings differently and required a cultural shift.Many of the initiatives to start sharing knowl-edge were kicked off in 1996 and 1997.Management recognized that good things werehappening and, in 1998, my group was formed topull together these divergent, entrepreneurialknowledge-management efforts, which hadactually fragmented us. Trying to leverage bestpractices helped establish our current direction.Chris Mottershead,Technology Vice President,Lower Carbon Growth, Global Business Center, BP:BP started knowledge management in the drillingorganization in 1992 or 1993 with training andlearning. The average driller must make quickdecisions “on the go” and has considerably morepersonal accountability sooner than other disci-plines. As a result, drillers seem more willing toask for and accept help, and they are particularlyreceptive to new ideas. Like other companies,our organization was no longer centralized.People couldn’t perform well unless they couldengage their peers and get help that previouslyarrived with authority from the corporate office.They had to share information.In 1994 and 1995, we started evaluating howto improve virtual teamworking (VT). A camera onevery desk let you see the person you were talk-ing and working with long distance. In the NorthS ea, we established pilot VT programs withinbusiness units like the Miller field area. Initially,the objective was to improve onshore and off-shore communication. In the Andrew field busi-ness unit, we used VT to connect the variousdisparate activities of multiparty constructionprojects. Then, we connected the executive man-agers in our worldwide upstream businessthrough VT to avoid regional isolation. This wasremarkably successful, but once we got a globalorganization going, this type of hardware wasn’tneeded anymore.Outside BP, knowledge management seemedto be grounded more in lessons-learneddatabases, which consisted of information thatno one really wanted, hidden away in computerfiles that very few people knew how to access.We created a knowledge-management team in1995 or 1996. Our chief executive thought knowl-edge management was important and still does,so it received much attention. For about twoFor help in preparation of this article, thanks to DennyO’Brien and Justin Rounce, Sugar Land, Texas, USA. Lotus Domino, QuickPlace and SameTime are marks of Lotus Development Corporation. Microsoft Project and NetMeeting are marks of Microsoft Corporation. SiteScape is a service mark of SiteScape, Inc.years, th i s team d i d groundbreak i ng work to define knowledge management, look for best practi ces, parti cularly from the U.S. Army, and build relationships.The strength and success of knowledge-management efforts depend on how broadly you bu ld the network. In th s case, t was qu te extens ve and ncluded people w th academ c and practical experience. The end result was five or s i x knowledge-management nuggets that remained only with the 12 or so people on that knowledge-management team. When we merged w th Amoco, d fferences between the two companies were so minor that it was almost surreal. They had 12 people in knowledge man-agement; we had 13 or 14.We thought there was a dangerous percep-t i on that the only people do i ng knowledge management were i ns i de the knowledge-management team, and unless you had the r help, you weren’t doing knowledge management, which clearly wasn’t true. With a staff of 25,000 technical people, most of the value comes from knowledge they apply daily. Believing that 12 or even 26 people were goi ng to reach the enti re technical staff was unrealistic, so we dispersed this team back into the business units in 1999. That strategy was successful because values and acti vi ti es added by thi s team up to that poi nt were transfused back i nto the organi zati on. A group with two or three members from the origi-nal knowledge-management team was ma i n-ta ned to support the exchange of knowledge between not only d i fferent geograph i es, butother business groups as well.Chris Mottershead,BP:Like other companies, our organization was no longer centralized. People couldn’t per-form well unless they could engage their peers and get help that previously arrived with authority from the corporate office. They had to share information.Jeff Stemke,Knowledge Management/ Collaboration Consultant, Chevron:We got into knowledge management in the early 1990s as an outgrowth of the quality movement. The primary issue for us was cost reduction. We looked outside the company and saw that our cost per barrel was out of line. The idea of look-ing inside and outside the company for best prac-tices grew out of quality initiatives to reduce costs. We identified some breakthrough quality projects that touched broad processes like energy and project management, refining opera-tions and drilling and put teams together to tackle those initiatives. They did some wonderful work pulling together best practices.For example, we developed a world-class pro-ject-management process. Our refineries went from six or eight regional fiefdoms to an inte-grated organization that understood the need for sharing operational knowledge. That work occurred from 1992 to 1995. We made progress and had success, but the results didn’t stick because these efforts didn’t focus on looking for and sharing best practices as the standard way of doing business. A good example was Y ear 2000 (Y2K) preparation. We had to look at embedded systems and understand their impact from a Y2K perspective. In a knowledge-sharing organization, you would think that various groupswould pool their knowledge, but that didn’t hap-pen right away. It took some time.We reached a plateau because knowledgemanagement wasn’t embedded in our business.Our new CEO, Dave O’Reilly, has always appre-ciated knowledge management, but he puts it ina different context by talking about five strate-gic intents for the company. Many companieshave similar business strategies, such as oper-ating excellence, cost recovery, capital steward-ship and profitable growth, but he introduced afifth, organizational capability—our ability toexecute the other strategies. It includes learn-ing from each other, reusing what we know andworking effectively in teams. We’re still defin-ing the key elements of organizational capabil-ity, but they closely resemble the components ofknowledge management.Rodulfo Prieto,Exploration Project Manager,Petróleos de Venezuela, S.A. (PDVSA):In the late 1980s, PDVSA started with quality andother issues that focus on business processes andsharing these processes, which was quite effec-tive because it defined the workflow for manyactivities. Most of the time, geologists operate inthe arena of mental creation. Mental creation isimportant, especially at the beginning of projectsbefore commitments are made. When the threePDVSA affiliates merged in 1998, it was impor-tant to create an organization that combines tech-nological competencies and information throughwhat we were calling knowledge management.We like the term “knowledge” because it empha-sizes the mental-creation phase of every project.It implies working at the highest level of technol-ogy to share data and information, and close anygaps in our professional competencies.We got into knowledge management becausewe had so many projects going on that it was diffi-cult to standardize them without limiting creativity.People know a lot, but apply only a small percent-age of what they know and share even less of whatthey apply. It was important for us to capture thisknowledge. Through knowledge management,leaders not only share experience and knowledge,but move ahead to create what I call “contamina-tion centers” where people infect each other withideas. This gives people visibility and an opportu-nity to say, this is good or this is not. In these cen-ters, people are motivated to improve businessactivities and return value to the organization.We developed an internal system calledProject-Net, so that everyone can share bestpractices through our intranet. Everyone hasRodulfo Prieto,PDVSA:We like the term “knowledge” because it emphasizes the mental-creation phase of every project. It implies working at the highest level of technology to share dataand information, and close any gaps in our professional competencies.Jeff Stemke,Chevron:The idea of looking inside and outsidethe company for best practices grew outof quality initiatives to reduce costs.a ccess to new a pplica tions, technology a nd, a bove a ll, informa tion a bout how things a re being done on explora tion projects a round the corpora tion. We ha ve a lso ha d a knowledge-management manager since 1998. This position reports to the Board of Directors and is responsi-ble for ensuring proper application of technolo-gies a nd the sha ring of best pra ctices a nd lessons lea rned throughout the orga niza tion in order to maintain a high level of competencies. Erik Åbø,Chief Engineer, Well a nd Production Technology, Statoil:We got into knowledge management for practi-ca l rea sons. Like other compa nies, we ha d decentralized and needed a way to transfer expe-rience, sha re best pra ctices a nd run networks. There also were an increasing number of projects with limited sta ff, a nd we didn’t wa nt people using the ma jority of their time just to ga ther da ta. When we ta lk a bout knowledge ma na ge-ment, it’s not just about communication and com-puter technology; it’s redesigning the work process to increase efficiency.And third, subsurface information, especially seismic da ta, wa s increa sing exponentia lly beca use of a dva nces in three-dimensiona l (3D) technology. We needed an easy, effective way to access corporate data, but many of the existingsoftwa re tools didn’t work together or didn’twork in the sa me da ta ba ses. To increa se sta ffefficiency, we decided to establish a central datastore, use a portfolio of tools that could interfacea nd redesign the work process. Most of thecomputer tools that manipulate subsurface datanow work on common platforms. For communica-tions in the decentra lized orga niza tion, we cre-ated an extranet, which is something between anintranet and the Internet, and includes suppliersand partners.Reid Smith,Schlumberger:Almost a decade of working to establish knowl-edge-management infrastructures has obviouslyprovided a wea lth of experience a nd lessonslearned (see “Lessons and Nuggets,” page 72).Wha t business problems ha ve you a ddressed,and what approaches—communities of practice,networks, capturing and reusing best practices,lessons-learned databases, knowledge reposito-ries and portals—have you tried?John Old,Focus Area Lea der, Informa tionManagement, Texaco:Our stra tegy focuses on connecting people.We’ve done all those things to some extent, butnow Texa co empha sizes networks. One of thefactors for a successful network or community isa leader with energy to keep the group going. Wedelibera tely crea ted a network for knowledge-sharing activities. It is composed of people fromthe business units who have a passion for knowl-edge ma na gement. Twice a month, we gettogether, talk about what people are doing andwha t needs to be done to crea te a nd susta inknowledge-management energy.Our gener a l engineering group, whichfocuses largely on the downstream business, hasa da ta ba se repository of best pra ctices, ormillion-dolla r stories, which a re very good a ndactually entertaining to read. They probably getused more frequently tha n other da ta ba ses.Knowledge-ma na gement tools like da ta ba serepositories should be connected to people. Ifyou capture best practices, you should use thema s a mea ns of pointing out the right people totalk with when you face a problem.Lesley Chipperfield,Shell International E&P:We’ve also used many approaches, but within E&P,we focus on people and people-to-people connec-tions. Perhaps this is a reflection of the E&P busi-ness where personal contacts are so important. Fora given topic, we can search our intranet and getErik Åbø, Statoil:There also were an increasing number ofprojects with limited staff, and we didn’twant people using the majority of their timejust to gather data. When we talk aboutknowledge management, it’s not just aboutcommunication and computer technology;it’s redesigning the work process toincrease efficiency.John Old,Texaco:If you capture best practices, youshould use them as a means of pointingout the right people to talk with whenyou face a problem.500 hits, but if someone recommends one, it has more value and credibility. The people you connect with may direct you to a report, but that report now has a personal reference. We have a slogan,“Knowing who is as good as knowing how.” Our primary and most successful knowled ge-sharing solution for promoting people-to-people connec-tions is the networks that were initially established among the technical communities.Although we have moved away from con-cepts like central, formal best-practice reposito-ries, some communities use them if that suits their style of working. On a global basis, most of our staff is connected, at least indirectly. You can pose a question on the intranet and get an aver-age of two or more replies. At least 75% of our technical professionals belong to one or more networks. We call them global networks, but they could be called communities of practice. It’s interesting that in BP, knowled ge management began with d rilling because in Shell the wells group also started it first. We thought it was because of a few energetic ind ivid uals, but it may have more to do with the nature of drilling and completion engineering work.Our three big technical communities are wells, subsurface and surface, but these global networks were actually formed by merging 70 or 80 smaller d iscipline and subd iscipline groups.We looked at what the wells network had done,which was build a bigger community by drawingdisciplines together, and tried to replicate that inthe subsurface and surface networks. Many ofour business networks cut across all disciplinesand supplement the technical networks. Wealread y have networks for knowled ge-sharingand competitive-intelligence as well as anothercritical cross-discipline network for procurement,an d networks for benchmarking, humanresources, safety and environment are just get-ting started. We’re trying to reduce the numberof networks that ind ivid uals must belong to inorder to access the expertise they need.Chris Mottershead,BP:We draw a clear distinction between communi-ties of practice and communities of interest.Other than making sure they have resources, wedo not control communities of interest, which arecreated by people because they id entify withthem. That’s the larger number of communities.For example, there’s a 3D geophysical modelingcommunity, but groups like this are not managedin any real sense. People join communities andparticipate because they have common interests.What we strive for is community ownership.There is some degree of oversight and assur-ance to make sure that there are working net-works in areas where we must d eliver againstspecific objectives, which are important to thecompany. Within the wells area, for example,there are five or six communities of practice orga-nized around themes like nonconventional wells,stuck-pipe prevention and d eepwater d rillingwhere, in a sense, there is self-regulation. If youhave a major role in these areas and you’re not ina network, someone may pointedly ask, in termsof accepted practice, why you don’t participate.Connecting people was a factor in taking ourknowledge-management team apart and putting itback together later. We started knowledge man-agement by promoting networks, but in our orga-nization, the networks probably didn’t initially getcaptured within the formalities of knowled gemanagement. This is one reason we were uncom-fortable with a central knowled ge-managementorganization because people started to rely onthat group to construct knowled ge assets. As aresult, we pulled back and moved closer to whatShell and Texaco are doing—connecting people.There were parallel efforts because we had alead person in knowledge management and onefor engineering cod es and stand ard s, and theywere on the same team. There was no one else onLesley Chipperfield, ShellInternational E&P:We have a slogan, “Knowing who is asgood as knowing how.” Our primary andmost successful knowledge-sharingsolution for promoting people-to-peopleconnections is the networks that wereinitially established among the technicalcommunities.Chris Mottershead, BP:People join communities and participate because they have common interests.What we strive for is community ownership.the team; everyone was doing his or her regular job. There may have been committees, but there was no central engineering department to say that something was right or wrong. Because we had similar approaches in knowledge management and explicit codes and standards, we tried to bring those two things together by constructing a model with our types o organizational wisdom—everyday practices, shared practices, good prac-tices and recommended practices.There was wisdom represented by practices that are used every day somewhere in the com-pany. There was wisdom f rom shared practices that result from connecting people. You may ask someone f or explicit help, which is similar to accessing a report. You’re not as interested in the report itself as in the name on the report. Therefore, much of our networking involved ways o f connecting people through tools like Schlumberger Connect Oil & Gas. Then rom shared practices, you eventually make tacit knowl-edge into explicit knowledge, which we call good practices. The typical example is codes and stan-dards. They’re not right or wrong, but if you want a turbine, here’s how you procure and install it. An expert user probably takes best practices and does something different, but you can just use a good practice if you don’t know anything else.The f ourth type of wisdom is f rom recom-mended practices, which are actually just expec-tations, not de f initive answers. They arequestions you ask rather than answers youseek, which forces you to cascade back down thechain just by getting two people together. Thereal added value goes back to where it origi-nated in a shared practice, but the process isstructured in a way that connects disparatethings together.Reid Smith,Schlumberger:Trust is extremely important. Using knowledge-management resources, one of our engineerswas able to find what he needed to get startedon an offshore extended-reach drilling project inWest Af rica. He f ound a best practice that hewas extremely positive about because he knewthe person who submitted it. This person hadpreviously been his field service manager and hetrusted him.How do you connect people to the things theyneed to know to do their jobs through problem-solving, knowledge-sharing and innovation? Doyou have different types of networks or commu-nities? How do the business units use them?How are they organized and what support dothey have?Rodulfo Prieto, PDVSA:Our production and exploration communitiesdeveloped in dif erent ways. In the productionbusiness unit, communities act as centers oexcellence. They validate, certify and provide sup-port for decision-making. Most production projectswill have members from the community consult onthe project when an important benchmark is beingdiscussed. This process is mandatory.In the exploration business unit, we have acommunity of interest where people participate bychoice in their area of specialization. There is dualcitizenship in the sense that you’re part of a pro-ject, but you also belong to the exploration com-munity at the same time. The project has theoption to consult with the community if necessary.We don’t have a unique structure for commu-nities. For example, there are communities ointerest that developed on their own like the geo-physical group, which organized an in ormalweekly forum within the company to share knowl-edge. We support these communities and thistype of communication between members as well.Communities ask for budgets when they want todo something. In exploration, communities aref unded through various projects or technologicalgroups under the knowledge-management depart-ment. I’m interested in how funding and budgetingare done in other organizationsReid Smith,Schlumberger:Trust is extremely important. Usingknowledge-management resources, oneof our engineers was able to find whathe needed to get started on an offshoreextended-reach drilling project in WestAfrica. He found a best practice that hewas extremely positive about becausehe knew the person who submitted it.Rodulfo Prieto, PDVSA:In the exploration business unit, we have acommunity of interest where people partic-ipate by choice in their area of specializa-tion. There is dual citizenship in the sensethat you’re part of a project, but you alsobelong to the exploration community atthe same time.Management push is necessary to get through the valley of pain on the way to the summit of gain—Erik Åbø,Statoil.The greatest challenge in creating a knowledge-sharing culture is coming to the realization that sharing knowledge saves rather than consumes time—Lesley Chipperfield,Shell International E&P.Successful knowledge management must engage everybody in the organization. It is not a central activity that collates and validates a corporate encyclopedia of subject-specific knowledge or knowledge-management processes. Having a central team means that you may rely on it too much. Knowledge management is not an ency-clopedia, but rather a recipe book to start people talking. Knowledge management is a consolidated tool for the disparate learning throughout the organization, but it is not adefinitive answer. It is a creative tool that people use to invent their own answers,informed by and armed with the experienceof others. Fundamentally, this is knowledgemanagement of knowledge management—Chris Mottershead,BP.When members of a group, team, network orcommunity understand the individual communi-cation preferences of each person, and theirresponsibility to communicate in ways thatmatch those preferences, the effectiveness ofthe whole group improves—John Old,Texaco.Our biggest challenge is to have a corporationwith organizations, teams and individuals thatapply what they know and recognize what needsto be learned or unlearned to improve costand risk assessment, and reduce project cycletime through integration of all availableinformation—Rodulfo Prieto,PDVSA.The biggest challenge is to create and nurturea knowledge-sharing culture in which peopleshare knowledge and learn from others as amatter of course. They see it as simply the rightthing to do—Reid Smith,Schlumberger.We must provide connections between individu-als who seek and supply problem-solving ideasand experience, and those in a community whoshare experience and reuse practices for per-sonal professional development, corporatelearning and innovation. We also need to con-nect people with explicit knowledge by makingit easier to tap into the growing volume of docu-mented practices and lessons learned.As chief knowledge bee, I travel around cross-pollinating the organization by picking up ideasand practices in one location and spreadingthem to others. Occasionally, I help a teamdevelop or use a knowledge-sharing tool or pro-cess and leave some “honey” behind. I realizethat it takes time to redesign the “hive,” soI use honey rather than a sting to induce partic-ipation—Jeff Stemke, Chevron.Lessons and NuggetsLesley Chipperfield, Shell International E&P: One of the roles of my group is to help networks get funding, but value p rop ositions come from the networks. We can help, but networks have to make a case for their existence. However, because networks are now such an integral part of the company infrastructure, we’ve moved past the point where groups must start from zero. Ask if we could do away with networks, and people react in horror because they wouldn’t have suffi-cient resources. We rely on picking up practices from others rather than finding them ourselves. The network organization is completely informal.We have a combination of common-interest networks and communities of practice. There are a few exceptions, but people are not obliged to belong to these networks and communities. Theyget involved because they want to contribute. Inthe early stages, p eop le would ask, “How do Ifind time for networks?” I haven’t heard that forquite a while. The first year, I got calls to budgetfor the hours p eop le sp ent networking. Thatp roblem has also gone away. Peop le see net-works as a valuable resource because they sim-ply make sense. Now we budget primarily aroundp eop le who actually manage knowledge andnetworks, mostly out in the business groups. Inmy group, the minority of our knowledge-management budget is sp ent to facilitate andsupport best practices.People were beginning to ask, “If you have aline role, why aren’t you active in a network?”We, therefore, started appointing global consul-tants—individuals who are experts in a specificarea, but may work anywhere in the comp any.They are listed in an expert directory. It’s an eliteclub, so we don’t call it Yellow Pages becausenot everyone can join. You have to be nominatedand approved. These individuals are expected tobe active in their networks, but they also areexpected to contribute to other networks on anexchange basis and can do work for other com-panies if invited to do so.John Old,Texaco:That’s similar to the Texaco Fellows program. Ithas separate funding and members are expectedto contribute globally.。
案例英国石油公司的知识管理实践和经验
What you know
What’s possible?
Actions
What we both know
What I know
BP’s knowledge management framework
Individuals & Teams
Goals
Learn during
KnUUoswsiilnnegdgge
nurture the technology and culture that will get
them talking”
Arian Ward, Hughes Space & Communications
bp
Capturing
Connecting
Peer Assists: a way to get people talking – in the right way
““MAnoysot naectivnittihees orgtanskissaatiorennwohto oisnentoimt Oouurnptahbilolesofoprhy is fmaiarlkyinsgimappler:ofit should be involved Ewiknnveecosrrweyhlaoetitudminlgdegedwatohneaditdt bdotheissetttorecimbroutemhttiahpnniagnngthyaecgalaansint , tuimsee.t”o make a profit.”
Individuals & Teams
Goals
Captured Knowledge
Learn during
KnUUoswsiilnnegdgge
多渠道、多方式促进科研成果向生产转移——国外石油企业实践经验的总结与认识
发;之后 , 商务开发小组介入 ,负责现场新技术 近客户需求 ,促进研发工作 与油 田现场服务的紧
的推广和应 用工作 。
密联系 。B 公 司研究机构 每年有3 %的研究人员 P 0 与分布在各地 的技术 人员不定期相互流动 ,有效
贝克休斯公司在新产品研发的项 目设计阶段 ,
就同时开始产品商业化的计划、宣传推广资料的准 促进了技术 中心与各业 务部 门的沟通 ,丰富 了科 备 ,保证产品投放时具备取得成功所需的支持条件 研人员的现 场经验 ,加速 了科研成果的转化 。
多渠道\多方式促进科研成果向生产转移
国外石 油 企业 实践 经验 的 总 结 与认 识
杨 虹 袁 磊 方小翠。
( 中国石油集团经济技术研究院 1
2 中国科学院生物物理研究所 )
摘 要 科研成果 的产业化是石 油企 业研 发的最终 目的 ,但 由于石 油科技 成果存 在 内涵复杂、可表达性 差等 障碍 ,限制 了科研 成果 的转移 。为此 ,国外大型石 油企业 采用 了多种 方式促进科技 成果转化 和技 术 的商业化 ,主要 方式 包括 :对技 术创新 活动 采用 了从研 发到应 用的一体化组 织 ,技 术管理 涵盖从前期研 究到技 术商业化应 用的全 过程 ,技 术的商品化成 为研 发 的重要 组成部 分 ,跨 学科和部 门的技 术人 员共 同参 与技 术研 发 ,公 司内部科研人 员与 生产等其他部 门人 员定期轮 岗,利 用 内部 网络 、各 种技 术交流和培 训等方式及 时交流与共 享技 术发展 与推 广应 用信 息。 实践表 明 ,建 立多形 式、 多层 次的科研与生产的直接联 系,是 实现科研成果转化的关键 。 关键词 国际石 油公 司 科研成果 产业化 推广应用 技术创新管理
案例英国石油公司的知识管理实践和经验共36页
Retrospects: Learning after doing
Facilitated, forward looking team meeting, soon after the project has ended
• What was the objective of the project?
• What did we achieve?
““MAnoysot naectivnittihees orgtanskissaatiorennwohto oisnentoimt Oouurnptahbilolesofoprhy is fmaiarlkyinsgimappler:ofit should be involved Ewiknnveecosrrweyhlaoetitudminlgdegedwatohneaditdt bdotheissetttorecimbroutemhttiahpnniagnngthyaecgalaansint , tuimsee.t”o make a profit.”
Knowledge Management… …in pursuit of excellence
chris.collisonbp geoff.parcellbp
What we’ll cover
• An introduction to BP’s knowledge management framework, tools and processes
Sir John Browne CEO, BP
Managing Knowledge?
“The idea is not to create an encyclopaedia of
everything that everybody knows, but to keep
知识管理案例分析
知识管理案例分析摘要:作为知识经济的中心,知识越来越遭到人们的注重,知识可以发明庞大的企业价值,这是十分复杂的道理;可是,如何发明、搜集、分享和应用这些知识,并将其转化为实践的价值,却不是一件容易的事。
本文主要经过一个项目型公司的案例,引见树立知识管理体系的战略和主要方法,同时还将引见一家名列全球十大石油公司的大型国有企业的知识管理方案的局部外容。
一、客户的背景以及面临的应战我们的客户是一家以对外工程承包为中心业务的国际经济技术协作公司。
在几十个国度承当过数百个各种不同方式的对外经济援助项目和国际树立项目。
公司对外工程承包总额在12亿美元以上。
公司总部设在北京,在亚洲、非洲、中东、欧洲、美洲和澳洲等地均设有代表处,承办公司的各类业务。
由于公司从事的大都是国际工程项目,项目的时间跨度普通比拟长,有的甚至在10年以上,因此,全生命周期的项目管理关于企业的成功就变得至关重要。
为此,在2001年,公司制定了向知识和资本密集型工程项目管理公司迈进的战略远景。
但是,许多要素制约着这一战略目的的完成。
曾经有这样一个故事,公司在非洲承接了一个电站树立项目,项目组成员克制了言语文明法律和技术等方面的重重困难,终于按方案在两年时间内完成了电站树立;惋惜的是由于没有将这些重要资料和阅历停止及时整理,当公司招标非洲另一个电站的树立项目时,新的项目组差不多是从头末尾搜集外地的资料,在项目执行的进程中,许多原本曾经处置的效果又一次出现,项目组不得不破费珍贵的时间停止重新协谐和谈判,对项目本钱和进度都形成了不利的影响。
之所以出现这样的状况,缘由就在于公司还没有树立起有效的信息和知识共享的环境和机制。
由于缺乏规范的和规范化的项目管理流程,每个项目组都是各有一套。
公司中的绝大局部知识是以团体知识的方式存在的,包括员工团体头脑中的隐性知识与保管在团体电脑或文件柜里的显形知识。
公司指导早就看法到将团体知识转化为组织知识的必要性,但是在推行知识共享体系的进程中,公司面临着许多应战:每个项目组都有各自的阅历和窍门,许多阅历都是经过经验才取得的,因此,假设没有适宜的鼓舞措施,就不情愿贡献出来✧即使情愿同大家分享团体知识,又不知道谁需求以及经过什么有效的途径来分享,许多知识散落在各处,不了解如何分类,很少停止整理,难以查找✧很多时分,由于不能及时整理,这些阅历和知识就随时间流失、遗忘或失效了,或许错过了最正确机遇,其价值也会降低,也有很多珍贵的知识随着人的活动如退休、离任、调动、提升而流失✧虽然曾经树立了公司的外部网站,许多人都不觉得下面有什么重要的资料二、知识管理的处置方案工程公司的指导看法到,假设不能树立起一套行之有效的知识管理体系,公司的知识型战略的目的就永远无法完成,因此公司指导决议延聘安达信公司协助树立知识管理体系。
欧洲埃索(ESSO)石油公司(案例)xin
思考题:1.ESSO石油公司的这次部门经理培训项目在设计与实施上有什么特点?它给我们的启示是什么?2.结合本单位实际,你认为,这一培训项目的设计,在哪方面值得我们借鉴?案例2一次部门经理培训---欧洲埃索(ESSO)石油公司培训项目之二埃索(ESSO)石油公司是著名的埃克森石油公司的海外分公司,公司总部人力资源顾问、培训专家吉姆.普耐德()新近成功策划并实施了一个部门经理的培训项目,这个培训项目,在公司培训体系序列中被称为“管理培训三”,它为公司获得了3780万美元的效益,而这次培训总共花掉不足十万美元。
交响乐是如何谱写出来的呢?吉姆给我们讲述了它的谱写过程。
他说:我们的任务是设计一个教学系统,使部门经理掌握他们所需的知识与技能,以便能够在现在的岗位上有效地工作。
这个系统的输出就应该是他们所在层次上的有效的管理者所需要的知识与技能。
为真正了解到这些需要,我们给200个目标层的管理者发了调查问卷,并与25个比目标层高一级的管理者、50个目标层管理者、50个需要向目标层汇报的人员进行了面谈。
我们问的问题就是,为了有效地工作,目标层人员需要知道什么,需要怎样去做。
我们这些做法,是想让组织告诉我们,它的需要是什么。
我们的教学系统设计就从组织参与开始。
参与的X围包括了与目标层有联系的三个层次管理人员。
通过问卷访谈式的需求调查,我们明确了如下10个问题,应该纳入培训解决,因为这些问题对我们的公司发展和经理们的成长产生了相当程度的影响,它们是:1)57%的经理说,他们的权利与责任不对等,不能有效掌控资源,影响工作效率。
其中,61%的经理承认对公司资源分配的原则和权限理解不透,缺乏有效的协调技能,可能也是影响工作绩效的原因。
2)60%的管理部门经理希望了解有管理的的最新概念和基本原则。
3)有39%的部门经理,不能够准确完整地描述自己在公司究竟应该发挥什么作用。
4)18%的经理不能够完整说出处在与公司竞争市场上的其他公司的名字,47%的经理不能够清楚陈述这些公司与ESSO公司的竞争领域与他们给公司的威胁。
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• Through a “dating agency”, business units are brought together to share their strengths
1. Use the Right People & Processes
2. Cause No Harm to People or Environment
3. Eliminate Unplanned Outages 4. Effectively Prioritise & Execute
Planned Work 5. Optimise Production 6. Minimise Costs
Average
The “Stairs” Diagram
Performance
Manage Corrosion
5
Cooper River
High performance
4
Bulwer Island
Feluy
3
Lavera Chemicals
Texas City
Grangemouth Geel
High desire to improve
1
Maximum
Minimum
Morale & Motivation Ensure Competency
Share, transfer & embed know-how
Communicate effectively
Drive Performance improvement
Management of Change Enhance Our Reputation With The
Plans
• Identify gaps • Find and prioritise practices
to close gaps • Develop action plans
Targets
• Apply targets • Embed in Performance
Contract
How does it work?
Individuals & Teams
Goals
Captured Knowledge
Learn during
KnUUoswsiilnnegdgge
LearnKnowledgLeearn
before
after
Results
Time for some audience participation!
KM Assessment exercise
• ‘Marks out of 10’
What are the top ten things I need to know? Where can I get more detail? What can I re-use? Who can I talk to?
A few more
Even more
Retrospects: Learning after doing
Facilitated, forward looking team meeting, soon after the project has ended
• What was the objective of the project?
• What did we achieve?
! • Innovation………………………………….. J • Getting the organisation right…………. N • Learning before, during and after….…..
• Capturing KnowledgeБайду номын сангаас……………….
Measurement & Intervention
Sir John Browne CEO, BP
Managing Knowledge?
“The idea is not to create an encyclopaedia of
everything that everybody knows, but to keep
track of people who ‘know the recipe’, and
• How BP is embedding knowledge management principles into its core processes
A word from our sponsor…
““MAnoysot naectivnittihees orgtanskissaatiorennwohto oisnentoimt Oouurnptahbilolesofoprhy is fmaiarlkyinsgimappler:ofit should be involved Ewiknnveecosrrweyhlaoetitudminlgdegedwatohneaditdt bdotheissetttorecimbroutemhttiahpnniagnngthyaecgalaansint , tuimsee.t”o make a profit.”
• Every business unit benchmarks itself against a set of key “practices” using a common assessment tool
• Targets for improvement are agreed by business units, and offers and requests are recorded
• Good practices, tools, offers and requests are made widely available through an intranet “community centre”
5 No level 5 performers
44
3
2
No level 1 performers
• What was supposed to happen?
• What actually happened?
Col. Ed Guthrie, US Army
15 minute team debrief, conducted in a “rankfree” environment.
• Why was there a difference? • What can you learn from it?
Community Get HSE Right
Manage Greenhouse Gas Emissions Measure And Manage Production Losses Ensure Reliability
Manage Corrosion
Plan, Schedule and Resource Prepare And Execute Planned
• What were the successes? Why? Why? Why?! How can we repeat the success?
• What were the disappointments? Why? Why? Why?! How can we avoid them in future?
• Capturing Knowledge………………….
Something to share (KM Strategy)
3rd KM & OL Conference
Chris Collison BP
!
Something to learn (Innovation)
• KM Strategy………………………………..
• Assessment tool • Benchmark • External challenge
Delivery
• Implement actions • Appoint accountability • Share learning
6 Expectations of Operational Excellence
Manage Organisational Effectiveness Manage Contracted (3rd Party) Services Manage Energy Efficiency
Manage Water Manage Working Capital
Manage Opex Budget
Individuals & Teams
Goals
Captured Knowledge
Learn during
KnUUoswsiilnnegdgge
LearnKnowledgLeearn
before
after
Results
After Action Reviews: Learning during
Four Simple Questions:
Still More
More
Lessons
More Lessons
Lessons Learned
Context and detail – where and when you need it…
“ “ “
•
•
“
•
•
“
•
•
“
Recap…
Knowledge in people and networks
案例英国石油公司的知识管理实践和经验
What we’ll cover
• An introduction to BP’s knowledge management framework, tools and processes