初中英语句子成分分析、感叹句和祈使句专题讲解
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句子成分及其基本句型
一、句子成分
1.主语——“是什么”或“是谁”一般由名词、代词、不定式或相当于名词的词或短语来充当:
(1)Lucy is a beautiful nurse. (名词作主语)
(2)He reads newspapers every day. (代词作主语)
(3)Smoking is harmful to the health. (动名词作主语)
(4)To swim in Kunming Lake is a great pleasure.(不定式作主语)
(5)What we should do is not yet decided. (主语从句作主语)
2.谓语——“做什么”“是什么”或“怎么样”。谓语和主语在人称和数两方面必须一致:
(1)His parents are teachers. (系动词和表语一起作谓语)
(2)We study hard. (行为动词作谓语)
(3)We don’t finish reading the book. (助动词和行为动词一起作谓语)(4)He can speak English. (情态动词和行为动词一起作谓语)
3.宾语——动作、行为的对象。一般在谓语(及物动词)之后。由名词、代词、
不定式或相当于名词的词、短语来担任:
(1)She is doing her homework now.(名词作宾语)
(2)She says(that)she is ill.(宾语从句作动词宾语)
(3)We often help him.(代词作宾语)
(4)He likes to play basketball.(不定式作宾语)
(5)We enjoy listening to the music. 我们喜欢听音乐。(动名词短语作宾语)
★宾语分直接宾语和间接宾语。(双宾)
(1)通常:“前间后直”
可跟双宾的动词
(2)“前直后间”
练一练
(1)I give him a book. 改成:
(2)He passes me the book.(他将书递给我。)改成:
(3)He writes me a letter. 改成:
(4)He will buy me some books. 改成:
(5)She is making me a cake. 改成:
4. 表语——“是什么”或者“怎么样”。
介词、不定式及相当于名词或形容词或短语来担任。
(1)I am a teacher.(名词)
(2)He is always happy.(形容词)
(3)They are on the playground now.(介词短语)
(4)It gets cold.(形容词)
Be动词(am,is,are, was, were)
系动词表保持(keep, stay, remain)
表改变(get,become,turn)
感官动词(feel,sound(听起来),seem/look(看起来),taste(尝起来),smell)Eg:It sounds interesting.(sound为系动词,interesting为表语)
We should all remain careful.(remain为系动词,careful为表语)
5.定语——修饰名词或代词的。形容词、代词、数词、名词、介词短语、不等式或相当于形容词的词或短语等作定语:
Eg: The black bike is mine.(形容词)
What’s your name?(代词)
They make paper flowers.(名词)
Eg: I tell him something interesting.
He has something to do.
Eg: The boys in the room are in Class Four.
6.状语——修饰动词、形容词、副词。(时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等),一般由副词、介词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来表示。
Eg: He did it carefully.(副词)
We often help him.(副词)
Her mother goes out to do some shopping on Sunday.(介词短语)
When I grow up, I am going to be a teacher.(从句作时间状语)
He sits there.(副词地点状语)
7.宾语补足语——补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、分词等可用作宾语补足语。宾语+语补足语=复合宾语。
Eg: They make her happy.(形容词)
I see her dance.(不定式)
We’ll help you to make the Olympics a success.(名词)
Please let him in.(副词)
二、五种简单句
课后练习:
一、找出下面要求的句子成分。
1. 挑出下列句中的宾语
① My brother doesn't do his homework.
A B C D
② People all over the world speak English.
A B C D
2. 挑出下列句中的表语
① The old man is feeling very tired.
A B C D
② Why is he worried about Jim?
A B C D
3. 挑出下列句中的定语
① They use Mr. Mrs. with the family name.
A B C D