unit5语法(单元5语法).doc

unit 5语法（单元5语法）
unit 5语法
1.linking verb + the系动词+形容词，构成系表结构.
系动词：we 11 （是）feel look sound taste turn get become smell seem等等.
for example: the food tastes delious・
2.hope与wish的比较•都与that引导的从句连用・hope常用于将来时表可能实现的愿望・wish常用于过去式表示不可能实现的愿望.
for example: i hope that you will be happy.
i wish that you could be happy.
3.动词- ing和- ed形式作主语补语的区别•动词- ing表示主语的特征，常用于事物•动词- ed表示主语的状态，常用于人•这类词有：interest move active disappoint excite surprise frighten bore 等等.
for example: the game is interesting・
i am interested in the game・
4.表示能力的词.
could表示过去的能力.
can表示现在的能力
be able to表示过去，现在，将来任何时候的能力•将来吋态（e \ will be able to --------- ）
5.原因状语从句.引导词：because since i know等，但是因为，所以不能同时出现.
for example: he is ill, i know he isn，t able to come・
she is lonely because she has no friends to talk with・ since she is very strict with herself, she is unhappy・
6.always常用于一般现在吋•表示频繁发生的动作•但与现在进行时态连用表是厌恶，责备，赞扬的语气.
for example: she is always talking about money.
7.can，t 表示一种否定的推测.you can，t have sars.
must 表示一种肯定的推测.it must be sunny day tomorrow
8.使役动词（让----- \使------ ）make let have的用法.
make +宾语+ （省约to的不定式）动词.
make +宾语+名词. we make him team leader・
make + 宾语 + 形容词.it make me happy・ let +宾语+ （省约to的不定式）动词.
have +宾语+ （省约to的不定式）动词
老师叫john到办公室拿他的书.
the teather made （had） john get his book in the office・
爸爸让我明天下午看电视.
father let me watch tv tomorrow afternoon・
9.英语语法as. . . as> so... as> so... that 和too... to 的用法区别
%1so. . . as只用于否定句，as... as不但可用于肯定句，还可用于否定句
%1as. . . as中的第一个as是副词，后接形容词或副词的原形；笫二个as是连词，引导比较状语从句.
例如：jack is as tall as you.杰克和你一样高.
jim is not so / as good as you.吉姆不如你聪明.
%1so that如此・・・以至于（只能引导结果状语从句，的后面多接形容词、副词或分词，后接句子.例如：
the house was so crowded that i could hardly turned around・屋里很挤，我几乎都无法转身了.
%1too d太・・・以至于不能・・・（too为副词，后接形容词或者副词，to为不定式的标志，这个不定式短语本身带有否定含义・）例如：the box is too heavy for her to carry it.对于她来说，这个箱子太重了.
She can，t carry it
10.few; a few; little; a; little usage and difference
1 (a) and few (a) little difference
From the modified noun: (a) few, followed by countable nouns, and
in the plural; (a) little followed by uncountable nouns・ Such as:
We, had, little, time, to, do, it., we don，t have much time to do it.
There，s only, a, little, soup, left・，there J s only a little soup left.
He has few friends・ he has few friends・
r 11 only be away a few minutes・,I'm only a few minutes away.
From the point of view: above mentioned, both can indicate quantity, the main difference is, (a) few followed by countable nouns, (a) little, followed by uncountable nouns・ However, (a) little can
also indicate size・ Such as:
Please, accept, this, little, gift・，please accept this little gift.
There, are, several, little, towns, along, the, river・，how many towns are there along the river?・
Note the following two sentences・ The little in front indicates
the shape or stature, and the little in the back indicates the quantity is small":
The little boy is very busy. He has little time to play. the little boy is very busy and he has little time to play.
It's a little anima 1. It eats only a little food・ that is a small animal, it only eats a little bit of food・
From their point of view: in the part of speech POS, both have in common is that can be used as an adjective or a pronoun: the difference is that little (a) is used as an adverb, is used to modify adjectives, adverbs, verbs and prepositional phrases・ Such as:
He, is, a, little, tiredhe's a little tired・
They, are, a, little, bit, better, now., now they are a little better・
You, should, walk, a, little, faster・，you should walk a little faster・
She was only a little over fifty years old・ she Wushiduoyi point. The A and a have no difference
Without a, little and few contain negative meaning, which means
that the quantity is small or almost no, and emphasizes "less"; "little" and 〃few〃with contain positive meaning, which means that the quantity is less, but after all, there is emphasis on 〃
yes〃〃・Compare:
Few people like such things・ nobody likes that kind of thing・
A, few, people, like, such, things・,a few people like that・
He knows little English・ he hardly knows english・
He, knows, a, little, English・,he knows a little english・
Note that when few does not have a before, but with the, some, these, those and other modifiers, it also means positive・ Such as:
Some, few, have, already, left・,a few have already left・
The last, few, winters, have, cold・，been, very, the past few winters have been very cold・
The first, few, chapters, are, about, , his, early, days・，the
first few chapters about his boyhood・
The development of thinking
Pay attenti on to the use and distinction of the comp ar a tive and superlative levels: the comparative and superlative levels of
little are less and least, and the comparative and superlative levels of few are fewer and fewest respectively. Such as:
Boys, think, less, about,, dress, than, girls, do. boys don，t dress like girls・
He, has, the, least, money, of, all, of, us. , he is the least
expensive of all of us.
Fewer radios were sold this year than last・ has sold fewer radios this year than last year・
He, tried, to, finish, the, work, with, least, money, , and, fewest, people・
He tried to finish the work with the least amount of money and the least amount of people・
The use of 11. - link verbs
Linking verb itself has a certain meaning, but not independent as predicate, and predicate predicative must be together・ It usually consists of nouns, adjectives, or equivalent noun or adjective words or phrases such as, that what the subject is or how.
Two, classification
1."existence" class: indicating existence or having a certain characteristic or state・ Such linking verbs emphasize
existenee". Common are: be (yes), look (looks), feel (touch), seem (seems to), appear (appear, appear), prove (prove), smell (smell), taste (taste), sound (sounds), etc•・ Such as:
The story sounds true・
Those oranges taste good.
2.〃susta in ability77: the continuity of a situation or state. These verbs emphasize "continuous"〃・Common include: remain (still), keep (hold), stay (hold), continue (continue, still), stand (in a situation or situation), etc・・ Such as:
Why, don't, you, put, the, in, the, fridge, meat, It, will, stay, fresh,, for, several, days・
It's, already, ten, in, the, morning・，The, store, remains,, closed・，What's, the, matter?
3."change" class: change from one situation or state to another. This type of linking verb emphasizes the situation or condition after change・ Common features are: become (becoming), turn (becoming), grow (becoming), go (becoming), etc・・ Such as:
Put, the, fish, in, the, fridge, or, it, will, go, bad,, in, hot, weather・
Three, matters needing attention
1.some linking verbs are not usually used in the passive voice and in the progressive tense・ Such as: feel, taste and so on.
Such as:
-Do, you, like, the, material?
-Yes, it, feels, very, soft・
2.in general, mainly with the linking verb adjective or
participles as predicative・ Such as:
Be, careful, when, you, cross, very, busy, street・，If, not, you, may, get,, run, over, by, this, a, car.
3.as a predicative copular verb noun with common are: be, become, appear, seem, prove, remain and turn・(Note: turn followed by said the identity of the subject noun predicative), without・ Such as:
Twenty, years, later, he, turned, teacher・
The, population, growth, in, China, remains, a, problem・
4.linking verbs can also follow the infinitive (to do / to be), common are: appear, seem, remain, prove, look, and so on. Such as:
Having, a, trip, abroad, is, good, for, the, old, couple, but, it, remains, to, be, certainly, seen, whether,, they, will, enjoy, it.
On, the, long, journey, Peter, proved, to, be, a, most, interesting, guide・,We,, all, had, time・,a, wonderful。