有限元、力学专业词汇

有限元、力学专业词汇汇总--中英文对照

集中力concentrated force 分布力distributed force

拉力tensile force 拉伸实验tensile test

横向力lateral force transverse force 轴向力axial force

重力gravitational force 静水压力hydrostatic pressure

约束力constraint force 实际作用力actual force

正应力normal stress 切应力shear stress

正应力的大小magnitude of normal stress 剪应力的合力resultant of shear stress

拉应力tensile stress 压应力compressive stress

极限应力ultimate stress 屈服应力yield stress

应力应变曲线stress-strain curve

线性应力应变关系linear relationship between stress and strain

惯性矩moment of inertia 静矩static moment

扭矩torque moment 弯矩bending moment

扭转角twist angle 两端作用扭矩twisted by couples at two ends 扭转刚度torsional rigidity 拉伸刚度tensile rigidity

刚体rigid body 轴shaft 梁beam

悬臂梁cantilever beam 简支梁simply supported beam

一端铰支pin support at one end 一端固定fixed at one end

静定梁statically determinate beam静不定梁statically indeterminate beam

对称平面symmetry plane 刚体的平衡equilibrium of rigid body

平衡方程equilibrium equation 微分方程differential equation

相容方程compatibility equation 补充方程complementary equation

静力学方程equations of static 静力等效statically equivalent

虎克定律hook’s law

初始位置initial position 边界条件boundary condition

横坐标abscissa 纵坐标ordinate中性轴neutral axis

纵轴longitudinal axis 绕纵轴转动rotate about a longitudinal axis 纯剪切pure shear 横截面积cross-sectional area

弯矩图bending moment diagram 剪力图shear force diagram

剪力突变abrupt change in shear force 旋转和平移rotation and translation

挠度曲线deflection curve曲率半径radius of curvature

弹性模量modulus of elasticity 比例极限proportional limit

力矩面积法moment-area method 脆性破坏brittle fail

相互垂直平面mutually perpendicular planes

通过截面形心through the centroid of the cross section

工程实际问题practical engineering problems

三维力系three-dimensional force system 汇交力系cocurrent system of forces

合力矩resultant moment 合矢量resultant vector

标量方程scalar equation、矢量方程vector equation、张量方程tensor equation

任意一点an arbitrary point 一束光a beam of light

反作用力reaction force 反作用力偶reaction couple

几何约束geometric restriction

转动约束restriction against rotation 平动约束restriction against translation

运动的趋势tendency of motion 参考框架frame of reference

绕给定轴转动rotate about a specific axis 沿一个方向运动move in a direction

控制方程control equation未知反力unknown reaction forces

共线力collinear forces 平面力系planar force system

大小和方向magnitude and direction 刚性连接rigidly connected

运动学关系kinematical relations 运动的合成superposition of movement

固定点fixed point 平动的叠加superposition of translation

刚体的角速度angular speed of a rigid body 定性的描述qualitative description

质点动力学particle dynamics 变化率rate of change

运动微分方程differential equation of motion

动量守恒conservation of linear momentum

点线dotted line、划线dashed line、实线solid line

角速度angular velocity、角加速度angular acceleration

矢量积vector product 点积dot product 极惯性矩polar moment of inertia

infinitesimal amount 无穷小量definite integral 定积分

a certain interval of time 某一时间段kinetic energy 动能potential energy 势能conservative force 保守力damping force 阻尼力

coefficient of damping 阻尼系数free vibration 自由振动

periodic disturbance 周期性扰动viscous force 粘性力