雅思写作笔记
雅思写作常犯语法错误总结
雅思写作常犯语法错误总结写作考试往往能够将同学们的语法错误暴露出来，那么我们在写作中的常见语法错误有哪些?我们又该如何正确使用语法知识呢?希望以下内容对大家的雅思备考有所帮助!雅思写作常见语法错误之1：非谓语动词使用不当原：Comparing with the money people earns， the sense of achievement is more important。
改：Compared with the money people earns， the sense of achievement is more important。
评：此处是动词compare的.现在分词和过去分词使用混淆了。
在英语中，动词的现在分词往往表示的是主动的意思，过去分词则表示被动的含义。
原句想表达的是“将成就感与钱相比”，“把…与…相比”是明显的被动含义，因此应该使用compared。
雅思写作常见语法错误之2：时态混乱原：Although I have no work experience when I was a teenager， I always dreamed about having a job。
改：Although I had no work experience when I was a teenager， I always dreamed about having a job。
评：虽然雅思写作以议论文为主，为了表示客观性，基本上使用的都是现在时态，但是在举例的时候还是会涉及到一些过去时态，例如上面的句子，切记：主从句时态要保持一致。
雅思写作常见语法错误之3：表述累赘原：Internet plays an important and indispensible role in people’s life today。
改：Internet plays an indispensible role in people’s life today。
(完整word版)雅思写作必背短语以及精彩句型
雅思写作核心语料库Part 11 offer a sense of job satisfaction and security带来工作的满意感和安全感2lay a solid professional working experience 累积扎实的工作经验3 reduce/cut down expenditure 减少支出4increase/generate job opportunities创建就业时机6promote talent introduction and exchange促令人材的引进与沟通7keep skills fresh and up-to-date 保证技术的不落后9lay a solid foundation for 确立坚固的基础10 pave the way for the future/development 为将来摊平了道路11foster a sense of competition and cooperation培育合作感与竞争感 12cultivate the spirit of team working 培育团队合作精神13master interpersonal skills 掌握人及关系技巧 14widen one ’ s knowledge拓宽知识面15enrich one’ s social and life experience丰富社会与人生经历16enlarge one’ s view/broaden one’拓s宽horizon视线17realize the value of life 实现人生价值18surmount /overcome / win over /master difficulties 战胜困难19grasp good communication skills 掌握人际沟通技巧20remove misunderstanding and discrimination 除去误会与鄙视21keep balance between work and family 保持事业与家庭的均衡 22raise the standard of living提升生活水平25enrich people ’ s spiritual丰life富人们的精神生活26promote social skills and competence提升交际技巧与能力 27strengthen the family ties促使家庭团结28cultivate a strong sense of responsibility 培育激烈的责任感29bring joys and comforts to sb带来欢乐与舒坦30usher in a brand-new life-style引入崭新的生活方式31relieve the pressure of 缓解压力32maintain the community stability 保持社会的稳固33improve the utilization rate of energy resources提升能源的利用率34make full use of 充足利用35satisfy people ’ s needs/meet the demands of满people足人们的需求 36promote the development of relative industries促使有关家产的发展 37stimulate domestic needs刺激国内需求38 impel economic development促使经济的发展39generate jobs, income and tax revenues扩大就业时机，提升收入40enhance mutual understanding促使互相的理解41boost local development促使当地的发展42promote cultural exchange and cooperation促使文化的沟通与合作43enrich one’ s experience of丰life富人生经历44strengthen the ties with outside world增强与外面世界的联系 46foster a climate of peace and prosperity创建和平繁华的氛围 47stimulate our feelings of togetherness激发团结48maintain a natural balance 保持自然均衡 49reduce thelabor intensity 降低劳动强度50stimulate one’ s imagination and intereststh刺激人们的想象里与兴趣51accelerate the flow of information 加快信息的流动52prvide more business opportunities 供给商机53increase the productivity 提升生产力54create more opportunities for education创建受教育的时机55improve educational conditions 改良教育条件56release people from hard manual work令人们从沉重的体力劳动中解脱出来57speed up technical innovation 加快技术改革58better the development of human society完好人力资源的发展60bring immeasurable economic benefits 带来巨大的经济效益Part2 缺点1put sb or sth at risk 使---冒风险3be lack of a sense of job security 缺乏工作的安全感 4distract sb from doing sth 是某人从某事中分心5impose a heave strain on 来巨大的力 6beexaggerated and cheating夸张且欺的7be the invasion of privacy 入侵私8violate rights of free speech入侵言自由的利9endanger social stability and safety危害到社会的定与安全10restrain sb from doing 限制某人做某事14go astray 入歧路15undermine local culture 破当地文化16jeopardize the safety and stability of the society损坏社会的安全与定17set a bad example to立坏的榜18lead to the extinction of some species 致一些物种的 19resultin shortage of energy and natural resources致能源的欠缺21 to cause the estrangement/isolation/alienation between A and B 致了 A 与 B 之的疏22bring disgrace on sb ---来羞耻23suffer heavy losses 失沉重24easily cause stress-related illnesses简单致与力有关的疾病25lack basic infrastructures 缺乏基施26break the ecological balance破生均衡27lead to extravagant waste of public funds致公共金的极度浪28make⋯ in disorder 使杂乱30be harmful to our physical and mental and health害身心健康31lead to degradation of social atmosphere世日下32further widen the gaps between the rich and the poor 一步加大富之的差距 33be the drying up of our limited natural resources and the deterioration of the environment 有限的自然源的枯竭和境的化34contaminate environment 染境37 be a root of all evils 万恶之源38be easily taken in by 简单被欺诈39aggravate the traffic jams and worsen the crowdedness使交通拥塞和拥堵更加恶化40will pay a high price for this negative development of 为。
雅思大作文小作文句式整理资料
第一节小作文常用词汇句型•读数据•up to/as much as 多达...在1980年和1985年间房价跌了40%。
House price fell as much as 40% between 1980 and 1985.•only、no more than仅仅网站经济仅占国家GDP的1%。
The web economy represents a mere 1% of the country’s GDP.•top、exceed超过在2006年出口超过了100亿美元。
Exports topped /exceeded $10 billion in2006.•less than少于、more than多于超过1/3的英国人口经常难以入睡。
More than one third of the British population has trouble sleeping from time to time. •above、below鱼的消费量在50g以下。
The consumption of fish was below 50 grams.•remaining剩余的药品占了公司收入的30%，货物占了40%，车占了剩下的30%。
Medicine represented 30% of the company’s revenues，merchandise（货物产品）40% and vehicles the remaining 30%.•an all-time high/low历史最高/低值油价在2010年到达历史最高值。
The price of oil reached an all-time high in 2010.•ranging...from...在...范围内价格不稳定，在20美元到40美元之间。
The price was volatile，ranging from $20 to $40.•respectively分别地世界耕地退化是由放牧和滥砍滥伐所致，这两个因素分别占25%和40%.Animal grazing and deforestation constitute 25% and 40% of the world’s land degradation respectively.•peak at到达最高点英国的犯罪率在1999年是最高的，差不多是9%。
雅思写作必背经典句子,雅思写作经典句子汇总三篇
雅思写作必背经典句子,雅思写作经典句子汇总三篇雅思写作必背经典句子,雅思写作经典句子 176、One needsthings to be truly happy living in the world: some thing to do, some one to love, some thing to hope for. 要得到真正的快乐，我们只需拥有三样东西：有想做的事，有值得爱的人，有美丽的梦。
77、When the whole world is about to rain, let's make it clear in our heart together. 当全世界约好一起下雨，让我们约好一起在心里放晴。
78、Cut it out. 省省吧。
79、She had a bad cold．她患了重感冒80、Love is not a maybe thing. You know when you love someone. 爱不是什么可能大概也许，一旦爱__，自己是十分清楚的。
81、His argument doesn't hold water. 他的论点站不住脚82、It's up to you. 由你决定83、Still water runs deep大智若愚84、Try to have a mind of your own做有主见的人85、No matter how bad your heart has been broken, the world doesn't stop for your grief. The sun es right back up the next day. 不管你有多痛苦，这个世界都不会为你停止转动。
太阳依旧照样升起。
86、This is in way over my head. 对我而言这实在太难了。
87、I lied when I said I didn't like you. I lied when I said I didn't care. I lie every time I try to tell myself I will never fall for you. 我说不爱你，那是假话；我说不在乎，那是假话；我告诉自己对你再不会有感觉了，那也是假话。
新东方雅思笔记汇总 共40页
新东方ielts笔记汇总一．雅思考试介绍听力：听力教材、英语中级听力阅读：整理难句笔记本——摘抄分析写作：图表作文——柱状图、饼状图、曲线图、表格——上面有百分比、数据、固定的时间段，善于从现象中发现规律，趋势，提炼，升华，得出结论——科研能力口语：1.自信：不要太介意语音语调，语法，允许犯错误，关注内容，体态语言，2.小心陷阱。
要时刻注意沟通，符合生活逻辑。
不要忘记提问卡上的问题逻辑顺序。
3.3.争取主动。
4.4.有备而来。
在很大程度上可以预测。
二：写作总的指导5堂课：1.总的知道2.写作流程，问题极其对策（审题）——重点第二篇3.审题，指令，展开。
4.书信作文。
5.图表作文。
本身内容和语言。
最后总的串讲。
范文作用：吸取语言的营养，不能机械背诵。
三：写作总论1．用书面语言2．题目中有单词不认识：它可能是不重要的，或联系上下文可以知道意思，实在看不明白就抓住看得懂的部分做文章。
3．时间概念很重要。
重点在第二篇。
先写第二篇（写对位置）。
4．字数：第一篇至少140字（10到12句话）。
第二篇至少250字（15到18句话）。
5．四大原则：1.图表作文重点在描述，不要随意解释，根据文字可以复原图表。
2.要让考官觉得你的思路非常清晰，要有“路标行标”，承上启下的短语结构词。
3.中心论点由几个分支论点支持。
并提供证据。
4.7分必须有复杂句子结构（并列句、复合句、非谓语动词形式）；用词面宽一点，尽量不要多次重复。
第一篇用3个复杂结构，第二篇用5—7，个复杂结构。
四：作业21页task5 versionC(多少个字，多少句话，每一段由几句话组成，找语法错误，评论结构布局) 74页task2 严格按照40分钟写。
针对十个问题的思考1．情感分段和逻辑分段首先晾出观点，罩住一个自然段，2．文章中心思想句是读者体会（中文）还是作者交代（英文）——第一段就说3．3．引言段（开头第一段）是开门见山（英文）还是层层剥开（中文）议论文不可以太长，第一段只能3——5句话4．段落主题句有（英文）没有（中文）不要把每个主题句分散在不同处，在第一句写5．线性段落（英文）还是螺旋性段落（中文）说出来——为什么这样说6．人证（中文）与法证（英文）强调事实、数据、普通人事件、该领域专家7．一般具体（英文）还是曲折前进（中文）8．段内连贯：过渡词语（英语）还是词义重复（中文）英语：形式语言中文：意合语言for,obviously,turnout,asaresult,and,intheend英语靠过渡词的衔接、词汇的纽带、语法的照应9．段落之间的连贯：形和义10．结尾部分是概括（英文）还是训导（中文）新东方雅思阅读笔记Summary做法I．确定summary的首末句在原文中的位置;根据题目要求;根据首末句来判断II．分析每个空格的可能语法属性III．根据空格前后的相关信息回原文锁定答案1.Summary中的以下成分不会改变：A.专有名词B.时间状语、时间C.地点D.人名E.数字及百分比F.金钱符号G.特殊印刷体及标点符号2．如果是动词+名词，名词是空格，则回原文定位该动词3．如果是动词+介词+名词，名词是空格，则回原文先定位介词，再定动词+介词结构4．如果是动词+介词+名词+定状补或同位语a.同3b.空格后的成分在原文中不会改变5．名词+谓语+宾语，a.回原文定位与空格后的谓语一致的语法结构b.宾语一般不会改变完成句子做法I．分析需完成部分的语法结构II．分析已给出句子的中心词，分为定位中心词及句意关键词1．定位中心词a)专有名词b)时间及地点c)人名、数字及百分比d)金钱符号、特殊印刷体、特殊标点符号2．句意关键词a)句子的主语和谓语b)空格前的介词及助动词c)空格前的情态动词d)空格前的形容词e)句子中的比较成分f)句子中的否定及肯定成分III．回原文定位填空选项式I．类型：1．须完成部分的语法属性单一2．须完成部分的语法属性多元II．做法：1．分析每个选项的语法属性2．分析题目的语法属性3．进行选项与题目的语法归类4．如有可能回原文定位TrueFalseNotGiven(audiy)I.做法1.准确理解题意a)语法主谓宾确定b)是否有好坏、优劣、快慢判断c)是否有only判断d)是否有比较e)是否有范围比较2．预设否命题（Alternative）(audiy)3．划出已给出句子的中心词回原文定位4．阅读比较5．中心词分为定位中心词及句意关键词：见前笔记II．基本概况1．是语言考试而非逻辑判断2．不涉及比喻及修辞3．不涉及文化差异4．不涉及复杂的时态与语态变化5．范围考点只有only,all及most6．IELTS中TFNG中的所有金钱符号、时间及数字都只涉及精确程度而非范围判断7．范围判断：NG：a.Timewilltellb.设问句而不做回答;a+1nolessthana相当于8．原文中有itispredicted(expected,anticipated)that题目中有real,truth,fact则答案为：False9．原文中有条件状语从句或表明条件的固定搭配If(Providedthat),butfor(exceptfor)Ifnot(Unless),butthat(exceptthat)或表明条件限制的介词短语及形容语短语题目中去除任何条件限制答案为：False10．Only原则A．原文有三个形容词：various,versatile,complete题目中部分，则答案为FalseB．原文中A+B+C，题目中只有A、B或C，则答案为FalseC．原文中A事物或A状态题目中只有A事物或A状态答案：NG11．原文中有vow,promise,swear,pledge+动作状态题目中去除以上的限定，则答案为：NOTGIVEN(audiy)12．原文对理论学科加以限定（领域及范围、人名、国名及时间）题目中去除以上限制，答案为：FalseMatching题：一、类型1．人名及理论2．概念及定义3．完成句子的Matching二、各种类型的题的做法1．人名及理论a．首先分析意义理论的中心词b．回原文按人名的排列顺序阅读，理论一般在固定动词后的宾语从句中段落首末的人名及理论是重要考点c．中心词对应，原文及题目的中心词对应2．概念及定义a．首先确定概念在原文中的方位概念的排列对应原文段落顺序递增b．分析每道题目的意义中心词c．回原文按照概念的顺序阅读d．中心词对应Listofheadings类型1．10个选项，5-6个段落，选项标在段落后面2．5-6个已给出标题，段落标号写在题目后面注意：1．阅读主标题2．任何选项在真实考试中都只有一次选项，首先将example选项划去主要做法一、首先分析选项以及已给出标题哪些选项是文章超始段落选项哪些选项是文章结尾段落选项1．起始选项a．名词+of+文章主标标concept,conception,definition,explanation,notion,core,essence,justification, whatis+文章标题b．动词+文章主标题，代表文章首段标题defy,justify(audiy)c．形容词+名词+of+文章主标题basic,intrinsic,fundamental+factors,elements2．结尾选取项名词+of+文章主题effect,impact,consequence,generalization,conclusion3．哪些选项是文章的中间段落选项A．所有的比较选项都是中间选取项Compare,contrast,similar,match,coincide…with,contraryto,oppositeto,versus,akin…to,alien …toB．金钱符号指示词Wage,income,cost,expense,expenditure,revenueC．统计数字指示词data,figure,demography,demographic,statistic,censusD．百分比指示词rate,ratio,percentage,proportion,density(audiy)E．时间指示词decide,generation,ages,longtime,longterm,longtradition,longprocess,longprocedureF．分岐概念的定义及补充说明一定在中间段落二、如何阅读首末段1．阅读首末句，要关注首末句的语法成份A．主谓宾分布B．肯定与否定关态C．比较级状态D．是否定定义句型2．如果首末句是疑问句或都是描述性语句都要忽略不记，要其后的论点句作为标题选项的重要依据3．如果段落中有example或者example句型，要example前的论点句及其后的总结句4．如果段落中有人名及理论，则该理论也是标题选项的主要依据三、如何阅读整段1．要注意段落中的特殊印刷体及特殊标点符号（），“”2．要注意段落中表明转折的连词yet,but,however3．要注意段落中表明顺序的连词4．要注意段落中表明因果的固定搭配resultin,resultfrom,derivefrom,stemfrom,describeto.新东方听力笔记这是一套最新新东方听力笔记，希望有时间的朋友还是多研习一下，在方法上还是有很多提高成绩的捷径的。
雅思写作小作文高分万能句型
写作Task 1 基本句型1.There was/were + 具体数据+ 主语（加定语从句）+时间, which +排名（This is followed by …+紧跟其后的，with +具体数据）There were 115 thousand people who had computers in 1999, which was the biggest number among all.翻译：a. 2002年通过考试的男生有1，874人，是五年中最多的。
b. 1987年去博物馆的人数有471人，是最多的。
2.The number/ percentage/ proportion of + 主语（定语从句）is/was the biggest/highest +时间, with +具体数据The number of people who had computers was the biggest in 1999, with 115 thousand.翻译：a. 2005年地区A的人口是最多的，有24.9million。
b. 2002年通过考试的男生人数是最多的，占了41%。
（take up, amount to, account for）3.讲变化---主语+动词+副词+具体数据+时间The number of people who had computers decreased dramatically from 234 thousand to 115 thousand in 1999.翻译：a. 2006年，每天吸10根烟的人数从878人稍微上升到1，066人。
b. 2004年能按时完成论文的学生比例从69%人急剧下降为32%。
4.讲对比-----具体数据+ 主语+ 动词+ 时间，while 具体数据+ 主语+ 动词（compared with +具体数据+主语）73% of boys did well in the Physics exam in 2007, while only 44% girls achieved high grades.= ，compared with 44% girls.翻译：a. 1975年去英国旅游的人有14.7million, 然而去澳大利亚的旅游者却有25.9million.b. 2000年家里有洗衣机的中国家庭有86%，而拥有烤箱的家庭只有18%。
雅思写作 大作文 Simon Writing Task 2 视频课笔记
Lesson 2: Introductions ---- Four types of questions1. DiscussionSome people think that it is more effective for students to study in groups, while others believe that it is better for them to study alone. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.Topic- study in groups or aloneAnswer- sometimes better alone, usually better in a groupPeople have different views about the effectiveness of group study as opposed to working alone. While there are some benefits to studying independently, I believe that group work is usually more productive.2. OpinionSome people believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of high school programmers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Topic- community service for all teenagersAnswer- 3 choice (agree, disagree, balanced opinion)It is sometimes argued that high school students should be made to do some work in their local communities. (agree) I completely agree that this kind of scheme would be a good idea.(disagree) It is sometimes argued that high school students should be made to do some work in their local communities. In my opinion, it would be wrong to force teenagers to do any kind ofunsalaried work.(want mention both side) It is sometimes argued that high school students should be made to do some work in their local communities. While I disagree with the idea of making such programmers compulsory, I do believe that voluntary community service could benefit young people.3. Problem and solutionSome people reoffend after they have been punished. Why do some people continue to commit crimes after they have been punished, and what measures can be taken to tackle this problem?Topic- criminals reoffendAnswer- several reasons, a variety of measures (government, communities)It is true that punishments do not always deter criminals from committing more crimes. There are various reasons why offenders repeatedly break the law, but governments could certainly take steps to address this issue.4. Two-part questionAs most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual well-being. What factors contribute to job satisfaction? How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers?Topic- job satisfactionAnswer- several factors, unrealistic / impossibleWork plays a central role in our lives, and we would all like to feel fulfilled professionally. While a variety of factors may lead to job satisfaction, it would be unrealistic to expect everyone to be happy at work.Lesson 3: Main paragraphs ---- Firstly, secondly, finally & Idea, explain, example4 paragraph essay- 2 main body paragraphs - 5 sentences in each- 90 to 100 words each 2 types- Firstly, secondly, finally[ advantages, disadvantages, problems, solutions ] - Idea, explain, example[ one idea, a reason, an opinion ]Some people believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of high school programmers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Firstly, secondly, finally3-minute plan:-disagree for several reasons-school timetable is full, no time for community service-students’ work in other subjects would be affected-teenagers might not want to do it (reluctant, no motivation) Try to write 5 sentences1. Topic sentences2. Firstly3. Secondly4. FinallyThere are several reasons why I would argue against having compulsory community service for secondary school students. Firstly, the school curriculum is already full with important academic subjects, such as maths, science and languages. For example, I remember having an extremely busy timetable when I was at high school, and it would not have been possible to add to it. Secondly, students’ performance in other subjects would be affected if valuable study time were taken by charity work or neighbourhood improvement schemes. Finally, I believe that teenage students would be reluctant to take part in any programme of obligatory work, and this could lead to poor motivation and even bad behaviour.Idea, explain, example3-minute plan:- voluntary (not compulsory) community service is positive - students more motivated if they can choose- gain work experience, self confidence, skills- good for CVs, career, university admissions, employers3 Try to write 5 sentences IdeaExplain (2 or 3 sentences) ExampleOn the other hand, the opportunity to do voluntary community service could be extremely positive for high school students. By making these programmes optional, schools would ensure that only motivated students took part. These young people would gain valuable experience in an adult working environment, which could help to build their self confidence and enhance their skills. Having such experience and skills on their CVs could greatly improve school leavers’career prospects. For example, a period of voluntary work experience might impress a university admissions officer or a future employer.Linking words do not help your “vocabulary” score. Examiners want to see “topic vocabulary”.blue - linking words green - Topic vocabulary red – paraphrasingLesson 4: Conclusions- One sentence - No new information - Paraphrasing to show variety1. Discussion questionIn many cities the use of video cameras in public places is being increased in order to reduce crime,but some people believe that these measures restrict our individual freedom.Do the benefits of increased security outweigh the drawbacks?IntroductionIt is true that video surveillance has become commonplace in many cities in recent years. While I understand that critics may see this as an invasion of privacy, I believe that there are more benefits than drawbacks.ConclusionIn conclusion, I would argue that the advantages of using video security systems in public places dooutweigh the disadvantages.2. Opinion questionFamilies who send their children to private schools should not be required to pay taxes that support the state education system.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?IntroductionSome people believe that parents of children who attend private schools should not need to contribute to state schools through taxes. Personally, I completely disagree with this view.ConclusionIn conclusion, I do not believe that any financial concessions should be made for people who chooseprivate education.3. Problem and solution questionIn the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing.What problems will this cause for individuals and society?Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce the impact of ageing populations.IntroductionIt is true that people in industrialised nations can expect to live longer than ever before. Although there will undoubtedly be some negative consequences of this trend, societies can take steps to mitigate these potential problems.ConclusionIn conclusion, various measures can be taken to tackle the problems that are certain to arise as the populations of countries grow older.4. Two-part questionThere are many different types of music in the world today.Why do we need music? Is the traditional music of a country more important than the international music that is heard everywhere nowadays?IntroductionIt is true that a rich variety of musical styles can be found around the world. Music is a vital part of all human cultures for a range of reasons, and I would argue that traditional music is more important than modern, international music.ConclusionIn conclusion, music is a necessary part of human existence, and I believe that traditional music should be given more importance than international music.Lesson 5: PlanningSome people think that it is more effective for students to study in groups, while others believe that it is better for them to study alone.Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 10-minute essay plan, 3 steps:1. Read and understand the question2. Plan your essay structure3. Plan ideas for the 2 main paragraphs1. Read and understand the question - highlight / underline key parts2. Plan your essay structure (4 paragraphs)1. Introduction: topic + answer[ topic ] – study in groups or alone[ answer ] – sometimes better alone, usually better in a group2. Benefits of studying alone3. Benefits of group study (my view)4. Conclusion: repeat answer - both have benefits, but I prefer group3. Plan ideas for the 2 main paragraphs (6 minutes)- brainstorm, note down any ideas you have- develop ideas in detail- keep asking yourself “why?”- think of examples to support your ideas- finally, try to group related ideas (number them)Lesson 6: Opinion essay ---- Do YOU agree or disagree? ( You CAN use “I” ,“my” or “in my opinion” )The money spent by governments on space programmes would be better spent on vital public services such as schools and hospitals. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (275 words, band 9)1. Introduction: [ topic ] –government spending[ answer ] – agree, public services instead of space projects2. Explain why “space” spending should be stoppedexpensive (scientists, facilities, equipment),no benefits to normal people, politicians showing power,waste of money when project fail, risk of accidents, death e.g.challenger space shuttle3. Explain why public service spending is bettercheaper e.g. doctors, teachers, police instead of astronautspublic service impact on everyonewe all use schools, hospitals, police, roads etc.reduce poverty, better quality of life4. Conclusion: repeat answer – spend on services that benefit us allGovernments in some countries spend large amounts of money onspace exploration programmes. I completely agree with the ideathat these are a waste of money, and that the funds should beallocated to public services.There are several reasons why space programmes should beabandoned. Firstly, it is extremely expensive to train scientists andother staff involved with space missions, and facilities andequipment also come at a huge cost to the government. Secondly,these programmes do not benefit normal people in our daily lives;they are simply vanity projects for politicians. Finally, manymissions to space fail completely, and the smallest technologicalerror can cost astronauts their lives. The Challenger space shuttledisaster showed us that space travel is extremely dangerous, andin my opinion it is not worth the risk.I believe that the money from space programmes should go to vitalpublic services instead. It is much cheaper to train doctors,teachers, police and other public service workers than it is to trainastronauts or the scientists and engineers who work on spaceexploration projects. Furthermore, public servants do jobs that havea positive impact on every member of society. For example, we alluse schools, hospitals and roads, and we all need the security thatthe police provide. If governments reallocated the money spent onspace travel and research, many thousands of people could belifted out of poverty or given a better quality of life.In conclusion, my view is that governments should spend money onservices that benefit all members of society, and it is wrong towaste resources on projects that do not improve our everyday lives.Lesson 7: Discussion essaySome people think that a sense of competition in children should be encouraged. Others believe that children who are taught to co-operate rather than compete become more useful adults.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (270 words, band 9)1. Introduction:[ topic ] –competition or co-operation?[ answer ] –benefits of both, co-operation more important2. Why encourage competition?motivation,work harder, be better than other children,self confidence, independent work, faster progress,competitive situation when leave school e.g. job interviews,prepared for adult life3. Why teach co-operation? (my view)co-operation even more important,e.g. at work (team, follow boss’s instructions, help junior staff),collaboration more useful than winning,better attitude for young people,working together4. Conclusion: repeat answer – accept both views, co-operation betterPeople have different views about whether children should be taught to becompetitive or co-operative. While a spirit of competition can sometimes beuseful in life,I believe that the ability to co-operate is more important.On the one hand, competition can be a great source of motivation forchildren. When teachers use games or prizes to introduce an element ofcompetitiveness into lessons, it can encourage children to work harder tooutdo the other pupils in the class. This kind of healthy rivalry may help tobuild children’s self confidence, while pushing them to work independentlyand progress more quickly. When these children leave school, theirconfidence and determination will help them in competitive situations suchas job interviews. It can therefore be argued that competition should beencouraged in order to prepare children for adult life.On the other hand, it is perhaps even more important to prepare childrenfor the many aspects of adult life that require co-operation. In the workplace,adults are expected to work in teams, follow instructions given by theirsuperiors, or supervise and support the more junior members of staff.Team collaboration skills are much more useful than a competitivedetermination to win. This is the attitude that I believe schools should fosterin young people. Instead of promoting the idea that people are eitherwinners or losers, teachers could show children that they gain more fromworking together.In conclusion, I can understand why people might want to encouragecompetitiveness in children, but it seems to me that a co-operative attitudeis much more desirable in adult life.Lesson 8: Problem and solution essayIn many countries schools have severe problems with student behaviour.What do you think are the causes of this? What solutions can you suggest? (270 words, band 9)1. Introduction:[ topic ] –student behaviour in schools[ answer ] – variety of reasons, steps can be taken to tackle2. Cause of bad student behaviourparents not strict (too leninent), children don’t accept teachers’ instructions or school rules,teachers’ fault, no control, bad classroom management,influence of celebrities who are bad example3. My suggested solutionsparents set rules for children, use punishments, actions have consequences,schools train teachers and parents, discipline techniques, better communication,famous people act as role models4. Conclusion: repeat answer – summarise the problem and stepsIt is true that the behaviour of school pupils in some parts of the worldhas been getting worse in recent years. There are a variety ofpossible reasons for this, but steps can definitely be taken to tacklethe problem.In my opinion, three main factors are to blame for the way youngpeople behave at school nowadays. Firstly, modern parents tend tobe too lenient or permissive. Many children become accustomed togetting whatever they want, and they find it difficult to accept thedemands of teachers or the limits imposed on them by school rules.Secondly, if teachers cannot control their students, there must be anissue with the quality of classroom management training or supportwithin schools. Finally, children are influenced by the behaviour ofcelebrities, many of whom set the example that success can beachieved without finishing school.Student behaviour can certainly be improved. I believe that thechange must start with parents, who need to be persuaded that it isimportant to set firm rules for their children. When childrenmisbehave or break the rules, parents should use reasonablepunishments to demonstrate that actions have consequences. Also,schools could play an important role in training both teachers andparents to use effective disciplinary techniques, and in improving thecommunication between both groups. At the same time, famouspeople, such as musicians and football players, need to understandthe responsibility that they have to act as role models to children.In conclusion, schools will continue to face discipline problemsunless parents, teachers and public figures set clear rules anddemonstrate the right behaviour themselves.Lesson 9: Two-part essayNews editors decide what to broadcast on television and what to print in newspapers. What factors do you think influence these decisions? Do we become used to bad news, and would it be better if more good news was reported? (285 words, band 9)1. Introduction: [ topic ] –decisions about news stories[ answer ] – variety of factors, yes too much bad news2. Factors that influence news editorsinterest or attract viewers / readersinform the public, important issue and events, in the public interestpressure from owners, promote political views3. Too much bad news, should report more goodaccustomed to bad news,war, crime, natural, disasters, human suffering,desensitizes us, cynical about the world,prefer positive news, e.g. medical workers, volunteers, kindness,news to inspire us4. Conclusion: repeat answer – difficult news choices, more positiveIt is true that editors have to make difficult decisions about which news storiesthey broadcast or publish, and their choices are no doubt influenced by avariety of factors. In my opinion, we are exposed to too much bad news, and Iwould welcome a greater emphasis on good news.Editors face a range of considerations when deciding what news stories tofocus on. Firstly, I imagine that they have to consider whether viewers orreaders will be interested enough to choose their television channel or theirnewspaper over competing providers. Secondly, news editors have aresponsibility to inform the public about important events and issues, and theyshould therefore prioritise stories that are in the public interest. Finally, editorsare probably under some pressure from the owners who employ them. Forexample, a newspaper owner might have particular political views that he orshe wants to promote.It seems to me that people do become accustomed to negative news. We areexposed on a daily basis to stories about war, crime, natural disasters andtragic human suffering around the world. I believe that such repeatedexposure gradually desensitizes people, and we become more cynical aboutthe world and more sceptical that we can do anything to change it. I wouldprefer to see more positive news stories, such as reports of the work ofmedical staff after a natural disaster, or the kindness of volunteers who help intheir communities. This kind of news might inspire us all to lead better lives.In conclusion, it must be extremely difficult for editors to choose which newsstories to present, but I would like to see a more positive approach to this vitalpublic service.。
雅思作文笔记
张驰新IDP testee R&D –Version/zhangchixin雅思写作互动及欣赏区雅友大联盟（班号）Full…archive 显示所有文章必下载文件：小新雅思课堂笔记version 8.0雅思回家复习计划—置顶的最后一个贴Routine Rubric 常项题型Seldom Rubric 偷袭题型Compare—summarize 共性Contrast—analyze 个性rocket plummetsoar slumpsurge subsideboom ebbcreep up creep downaccrue abateleap diprally retrievedormant整数单位10，100，1000程度副词每栏掌握两个Task 1的3种基本句型实义副词surge= rise moderatelysoar=rise sharplyboom=rise gently绝对描述系统verb.相对描述系统junk verb +adverbA: rise maximallyB: rise comparatively gentlyD: rise minimallyC: rise comparatively sharplyB2: rise sharplyA2: rise comparatively sharplyaccrue=rise gradually and gentlyleap=rise smoothly and sharply起落同幅PIE CHART60%= three-fifths// three out of five= a/the majority of= a large portion/part/share/proportion/percentage/margin of>80% （93%）= a lion’s share5%= a minority of, a tiny portion37.8%= maximum/comparatively a majority of （<50%的最大值）comparatively a minority of X7.3%87%/76%/53%饼图的三句万能句型：1）数据+抄题+导入宾语Band 52）主语+“占据”（先特征，后数据）Band 63）剩余数据Band 7(Combo)constitute, make up, be the instrument of 致成物in the charge of -- sbdue to//owing to//attributed to//for--sthPie Chart的审题过程：1.看文字信息2.审题标1\2\32>1>32:极端数据及其周围数据1:一般数据3:落单数据破纸P1:Food and drink, Other items cover ed comparatively a majority of the average weekly expenditure, with 26% and 24% respectively. On the other hand, Recreation and education, Clothing accounted for a small portion of the expenditure, with 17% altogether.“累加”的写法：totaling 17%//amounting to 17%//adding up to 17%//with a total of 17%19% of the expenditure was shared by Housing and power. Furthermore, the remaining 14% was due to Transport and communication.Coal occupied the maximum portion of the sources of energy, with 47% while Nuclear accounted for a tiny share, with only 1%. Furthermore, 12% and 16% of the energy were shared by Oil and Hydro respectively.The remaining 24% was due to Natural Gas.1）In 1980, the percentage of Coal increased/crept up by 4%//to 51%.2）There was an increase/creeping-up of 4% in the percentage of Coal.3）We can witness…4）The year of 1980 witness ed…5） A outnumber/ outpercentage B by…A: Coal in/of 1980B: that in 1970=its counterpart对等物while Nuclear rocketed by 10 times.参考红书P58-60There was an increase of 10 times in Nuclear.We can witness…The year of 1980 witnessed…Coal in 1980 outpercentaged its counterpart by 10 timesOil almost remained stable.There was a decrease of 4% in the percentage of Hydro. In addition, the year of 1980 witnessed a slump of 9% in Natural Gas. What is worth mentioning is Oil was almost morose during the decade.Through the charts, we can easily draw the conclusion that the new source of energy, particularly Nuclear was given full play while the traditional ones, though still dominant, reached their bottleneck/ceiling to some extent.●两个图的写作原则：3+53句万能句型2涨+2跌+（1平）破纸P2Social…, ad, edu, sci cover comparatively a majority of… while 2.24%, 1.84% and 2.10% are shared by... The remaining percentages are in moderation, with 5.53% for , 7.4% and 9.35% respectively.increase max:min Social Science●三个以上图的写作原则直接联动line chart连词、副词连接顺接：furthermore, moreover, in addition, additionally, next, in the following, what is worth mentioning（值得一提的是）, what is interesting, what should not be neglected(不能忽略的是), last, on the other hand转折：while, on the other hand, conversely, on the contrary, what is so different isLine Chart●形态划分法——最简单的图●点位划分法——较复杂的图●水平划分法——极其复杂的图●比较划分法——两根曲线Para 2:总分句All trends(动态)/statistics（静态）/charts（多图）can be categorized/classified into ____ stages（时间）2）predominance/prevalence of3）preference toAll statistics can be categorized into 2 stages with the popularity of listening to radio from about 6 am to 1 pm and the popularity of watching TV during the rest of the day.单线描写（天龙八部）As to the radio audience, it soared from about 6 am to 8am, reaching the peak at about 25% at 8 am, followed by ebbing till the end of a day. We can witness the nadir occurred at around 4 in the morning.Back to the people watching TV, most of them watched TV from 5 pm to 12 am. The trend almost rose and fell evenly with sharp rise and fall. 8 in the evening was the peak hour for people to watch TV. Furthermore, after 3 am, less than 5% of people would listen to radio or watch TV.单线描写红书P71All statistics can be categorized into 2 stages with the popularity of cinema from 1957 to 1960 and the popularity of TV from 1960 to 1974.As to/As for/In terms of/In respect of/In regard to/Concerning the curve of cinema admissions, it dipped from 1957 to 1960, followed by subsiding in the following/next 6 years. We can witness a trend of ebbing till 1972. In the end, there was an abating to its bottom at about 90 in 1974.P72All statistics can be categorized into 3 stages with the equilibrium均势of/in the birth and death rates in the first decade of the 20th century, the predominance of birth rate in the following two decades, and the predominance of death rate from 1930 to 1970.Version 1:As to the birth rate, stabilization in the first ten years was followed by leaping to its zenith at 60 per thousand in 1920. We can witness a clear slump to almost one-third of the zenith in 1940. The next 20 years reflected an even rise and fall. Finally it abated to the trough in 1970.Contrary to the birth rate, the death one continued to creep down after the overlapping period till 1930, when a rally was shown between 1930 and 1940. Fortunately, fewer people died in the rest years, with ebbing to the nadir in 1970. What is worth mentioning is that both birth and death rates reached the bottom level in 1970.Version 2:As to death rate, it abated from 1900 to 1930, followed by soaring to its peak at 50% in 1940. We can see an ebbing till 1970.In the respect of birth rate, the first decade witnessed stabilization, followed by leaping to its peak/zenith at nearly 60% in 1920. It slumped to 20% in 1940 and rose and fell evenly in the next two decades. Finally it had the similar trend with its counterpart, death rate.Sample Topic 13All charts can be categorized into 2 types with absoluteness type for Full-time males and Part-time femalesand alternation type for Full-time females and Part-time males.TABLE表格的描述顺序是以时间作为主线，非时间作为辅线basically soar except in 1995All trends can be categorized into 2 groups with fluctuating in Holiday, Visits to friends and relatives, Other reasons, TOTAL and rising in Business.23, 37, 41, 57, 6347, 53, 42, 46, 5813, 24, 27, 35, 4347, 56, 42, 49, 574，7，11，16，2345，56，60，76，86Holiday: basically soar ExtremeBusiness: boom RangeOther reasons: rise and fall evenly AverageTOTAL: Similarity举例方法评价：Omnipotent 万能法①/②Rare ③Frequent④/⑤类比的四种句型：This is the similar case with…This is true of …So does…This can be paralleled with …反比的三种句型：This is the opposite with…This is converse with …This is contrary to …无序（无规律）数据用1/2表格题的风格：Technical Table（随意选取栏目）Strategic Table (Screening甄别；筛选)红书P73●一定要写的项目：√●说明公司：Despite the increasing net sales of ABC Company, the rate of increase is deteriorating. Furthermore, theCosts and expenses were not controlled properly, leading to the plain increase of Net income with a decline after 1998.表格题审题顺序：1）确定写作顺序（横？纵？）10 sec2）表格审题编号——先趋势，后数据✧在表格左边空白区域标上trend编号30 sec✧写出all trends那句话（总分句）2 min✧在表格右边空白区域进行数据方法的编号2-3 min✧进行数据的描写10 min纵向比较结果：Food played a major part//accounted for comparatively a majority in the average family expenditure in Britain.Sample Topic 6:All trends can be categorized into 4 groups with falling in items such as Food, rising in items including Housing, fluctuating in Household goods and services, and stabilizing in Other items.Transport and communications soared, reaching an apex at 16% in 1996 and hitting a trough at 9% in 1967. Household goods and services was volatile dramatically with the vertex in 1996 and the nadir in 1977. Furthermore, there was a subsiding in Other goods and services, ranging from 8 to 14. Alcoholic drink reached a plateau at 7 from 1967 to 1977 and subsided to 4 in 1996, this was paralleled with the trend of Fuel, light and power. Food abated, averaging out at nearly 20. Similarly, the trend of Housing accrued from 1967 to 1996 with an average of 14 in 1977. This was almost the similar case with the trend of Recreation, entertainment and education, which was the opposite with that of Tobacco.To vary within specified limits:在…范围内变动：在某一特定的范围内变化：What is worth mentioning is that Other items, not making its debut until 1977, remained constant from 1977 to 1996.Sample Topic 11:趋势编号：1，2，2，23，1，1，2All trends can be categorized into 3 groups with rising in Agriculture of Britain, Computer Industry and Finance of China, fluctuating in Computer Industry, Finance, Manual Labour of Britain and Manual Labour表格题的类型：Dynamic Table（有趋势）Static Table（无趋势）BAR CHART柱状图的本质——其它三种题型用柱子来表示。
雅思写作实用备考技巧助你轻松拿高分
①很多的年轻人被更好的工作机会和更现代的都市生活吸引，喜欢选择心仪的居住地工作和生活，而不是久居故土。
②异地择业生活，意味着不断地迎接挑战，多种职业技能学习的机会，丰富的工作的经验的积累，广阔的人脉资源。于生活而已，人可体味持久的新鲜感，找到自己真正喜爱的适合的城市。
③无可否认，离开家乡，家庭纽带的分解以及友谊的淡化不可避免，因为空间的隔离使得老友家人之间交流和交往的机会减少。或许有人认为，候鸟生活只是适合年轻时代，候鸟式的生活很难保障人的稳定的生活和持久的幸福感，但是，我想反驳的是，即使迁移，人亦可以成家立业，娶妻生子，广泛交友，感受幸福。
雅思写作技巧四 词汇句式多样化
句式和词汇的多样化在雅思写作评分标准中也有提及，如果大家通篇都是简单句和简单词汇，甚至出现一个词重复使用三四次的情况，那么此次写作肯定与高分无缘了。雅思写作词汇的多样化主要体现在同义词的使用，比如大家要表达“建议”，那么可以在不同句子中可以分别使用“suggest”“advise”“propose”等词汇，不要每一句都用“suggest”。词汇使用的多样性需要大家在平时多积累一些同义词并掌握用法。句式的多样性也需要多积累，雅思写作时不能全部都是“主谓宾”式的简单句，但是也不建议大家全篇都写长难句，根据文章需要将两者结合起来使用。
不利的一面是，一些问题可能随之而来。首先，由于空间上的分离，家庭纽带的分解是不可避免的风险。可以想象，如果人们住得太远，与亲戚朋友面对面交流的机会会减少。此外，每个人都应该承担结婚和开始他的职业生涯的责任，人们可能很难获得幸福感和享受一种稳定的生活，如果他们换工作的地方太快。
【尾段】 再次亮明观点
In closing，my stand is that it is up to us to find the means to achieve that happiness each of us long for, however, young people should be inspired to explore the unknown. That is the best way for them to deepen their insight into what they are hoping to do with their lives. Finding jobs and experiencing life in diverse cities exert many positive impacts on many people, especially for those who dare to challenge themselves.
雅思小作文笔记(个人整理内容最全)
文章结构：Introduction, 1-2 sentences, rewrite the questionBody1, 1+X sentences, 第一句总体概括，X句具体介绍数字Body2, 1+X sentences, 第一句总体概括，X句具体介绍数字Conclusion, 1-2 sentences, 第一句介绍总数（可不写）；第二句做总结。
开头段：1-2句，转述原题转述原题3法：①添加单词②删除单词③替换单词（注意：改动不需过多，3-4处，即可）原题一句变两句，两句变一句。
全部改写，要保证语法、句型的正确性。
开头段的时态：永远一般现在时【原文】The table shows the results of a survey in 2004 which asked undergraduate and postgraduate students of a UK university whether they were satisfied with the facilities at the university.【改写】The diagram gives a breakdown（明细表）about different attitudes among undergraduate and postgraduate students towards equipments of a UK college in the year 2004.【原文】The chart below shows the different levels of post-school qualifications in America and the proportion of men and women who held them in 1999.改后：The bar chart illustrates the diverse levels of post-school certificates in the US and the percentage of males and females holding them in 1999.Level out (变得水平；持平)Example: In 1985, earnings leveled out amongst people with a Master’s degree and with a Doctoral degree.句型、词汇、短语：As shown in the first/second …….. ,According to the …….. ,Overall, it can be seen thatThis table shows a striking difference/similarity betweenThe most striking feature of the graph is the sudden increase in the popularity in the computer games.Another fact worth noticing in the graph is that …….后面接完整的句子如果要跟名词不加thatAnother fact worth noticing in the graph is the high cost of fuels.The most remarkable point is that …….The graph shows the difference between the percentages注意用复数of males and females doing full-time jobs.在表示百分数时可以用percent或percentage percentage的一个意思就是百分比(名词)就不能直接跟在数词后面,要表示"百分之36"时,只能说"a PERCENTAGE of 36" 而不是"36 PERCENTAGE"(因为percentage只能作名词);前者用法是: 数词+percent+of+sth;这时后面谓语的单复数以percent后面跟的主语为主,例如:2 percent of the apples(这里是复数的可数名词) are(所以用复数) eaten.2 percent of the apple(这里是单数,指的是一个苹果的一部分) is(用单数) eaten.2 percent of the water(这里是不可数名词) is(单数) drunk.后者的用法是The percentage of +sth+ is, 注意这里不管后面跟的是什么词,都用is(这里忽略别的时态)1.The percentage of the students is 46.2.The percentage of the water is 46.The size of the population will increase shaply in the future..75.6 percent of the male population over sixteen ... …16岁以上男性人群的75.6％.A small/large proportion of students are ……..In Britain people spent the smallest amount of money on personal + sth.大量 a large/considerable/substantial number of 可数 a large/considerable/substantial amount of不可数少量 a small/limited/tiny number of a few of a small/limited/tiny amount of a little ofLots of /a lot of /plenty of 即可用于可数也可用于不可数过去一段时间内的情况变化，用过去式。
雅思小作文笔记
线图：例：Direction: You should spend no more than 20 minutes on this task.The graph contains information about the price in US dollars ofa barrel ofoil from 1995 with predictions to 2015.Summarize the main features and make comparisons where relevant.开头段：转述原题+时态永远是一般现在时■改变关键词的词性■改变关键词的位置a 同义词替代■灵活加入图表中的其它文字信息The graph provides information about the changes of crude oil price per barrel in US dollars since 1995 and predicts the tendency of the oil price till 2015.开头段常用词汇：Thegraph/the chart/theline graph shows …The graph give past and future dataconcerning …Thegraph demonstratestrends in/an overview of/trends in . …Shows: indicates/ unfolds/ displays/ reveals/ reflects/ relates/ illustrates/ demonstrates/ describes/depicts/portray/outlines/ provide an overview of…例：The graphs below show the enrolments of overseas students and local students in Britain's universities.The graphs provide information about the proportions of overseas students and local students enrolled in Britain's Universities from 1989 to 1999.主体部分1+X句：第一句总结总体趋势，之后分步描述(起点，极值，终点)。
雅思写作70个必备句型;句句干货
雅思写作70个必备句型句句干货雅思写作70个必备句型句句干货，帮助大家在一个小时之内写出一手漂亮的作文，合理安排开始时间，熟记下面的必备句型，考试的时候将会有一定的辅助作用，感兴趣的同学赶紧来看看吧！雅思写作70个必备句型详细内容如下：1.It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型She had said what it was necessary to say。
2.强调句型It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us。
3.“All+抽象名词〞或“抽象名词+itself〞(very+形容词)|He was all gentleness to her。
4.利用词汇重复表示强调A crime is a crime。
5.“something(much)of〞和“nothing(little)of〞“something of〞相当于“to some extent〞，表示程度。
在疑问句或条件从句中，那么为“anything of 〞，可译为“有点〞，“略微等。
〞“译为毫无〞，“全无〞。
“much of〞译为“大有〞，“not much of〞可译为“算不上〞，“称不上〞，“little of〞可译为“几乎无〞。
something like译为“有点像，略似。
〞They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar。
6.同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，“of〞以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰“of〞后面的那个名词。
如“her ol d sharper of a father〞，可译为：“她那骗子般的父亲〞。
Those pigs of girls eat so much。
7.as…as…can(may)beIt is as plain as plain can be。
杜仕明雅思写作笔记
杜仕明雅思写作笔记
摘要：
1.孙子兵法的概述
2.读孙子兵法的感受
3.孙子兵法在实际生活中的应用
4.总结
正文：
孙子兵法是我国古代一部非常著名的军事经典，作者孙武是春秋末期的大军事家。
这部兵书分为十三篇，详细讲述了战争策略、作战指挥、战场上的随机应变、军事地理和特殊的作战方式等。
不仅在军事领域具有极高的价值，还在商业、政治和生活等领域产生了深远的影响。
近日，我阅读了孙子兵法的第八篇，感受到了这部兵书的博大精深。
孙子在书中提到：“知己知彼，百战不殆；不知彼而知己，一胜一负；不知彼，不知己，每战必殆。
”这句话的意思是，只有了解自己和敌人，才能在战争中取得胜
利。
这让我意识到，在实际生活和工作中，我们也应该了解自己和竞争对手，才能在竞争中取得优势。
此外，孙子兵法中的“火攻篇”也让我印象深刻。
孙子认为，在战争中，火攻是一种非常重要的战术。
它可以烧毁敌人的物资和装备，削弱敌人的战斗力，从而达到取胜的目的。
在现实生活中，我们也可以运用火攻的智慧，比如在商业竞争中，可以通过发掘和利用自己的优势，烧毁竞争对手的市场份额，从而赢得竞争。
总之，阅读孙子兵法让我受益匪浅。
这部兵书不仅让我了解了军事知识，还让我学会了如何在实际生活中运用这些智慧。
雅思写作大作文SimonWritingTask2视频课笔记
Lesson 2: Introductions ---- Four types of questions1. DiscussionSome people think that it is more effective for students to study in groups, while others believe that it isbetter for them to study alone. Discuss both views and give your own opinion.Topic- study in groups or aloneAnswer- sometimes better alone, usually better in a groupPeople have different views about the effectiveness of group study as opposed to working alone. While there are some benefits to studying independently, I believe that group work is usually more productive.2. OpinionSome people believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of high school programmers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Topic- community service for all teenagersAnswer- 3 choice (agree, disagree, balanced opinion)It is sometimes argued that high school students should be made to do some work in their local communities. (agree) I completely agree that this kind of scheme would be a good idea.(disagree) It is sometimes argued that high school students should be made to do some work in their local communities. In my opinion, it would be wrong to force teenagers to do any kind ofunsalaried work.(want mention both side) It is sometimes argued that high school students should be made to do some work in their local communities. While I disagree with the idea of making such programmers compulsory, I do believe that voluntary community service could benefit young people.3. Problem and solutionSome people reoffend after they have been punished. Why do some people continue to commit crimesafter they have been punished, and what measures can be taken to tackle this problem?Topic- criminals reoffendAnswer- several reasons, a variety of measures (government, communities)It is true that punishments do not always deter criminals from committing more crimes. There are various reasons why offenders repeatedly break the law, but governments could certainly take steps to address this issue.4. Two-part questionAs most people spend a major part of their adult life at work, job satisfaction is an important element of individual well-being. What factors contribute to job satisfaction? How realistic is the expectation of job satisfaction for all workers?Topic- job satisfactionAnswer- several factors, unrealistic / impossibleWork plays a central role in our lives, and we would all like to feel fulfilled professionally. While a variety of factors may lead to job satisfaction, it would be unrealistic to expect everyone to be happy at work.Lesson 3: Main paragraphs ---- Firstly, secondly, finally & Idea, explain, example4 paragraph essay- 2 main body paragraphs - 5 sentences in each- 90 to 100 words each 2 types- Firstly, secondly, finally[ advantages, disadvantages, problems, solutions ] - Idea, explain, example[ one idea, a reason, an opinion ]Some people believe that unpaid community service should be a compulsory part of high school programmers. To what extent do you agree or disagree?Firstly, secondly, finally3-minute plan:-disagree for several reasons-school timetable is full, no time for community service-students’ work in other subjects would be affected-teenagers might not want to do it (reluctant, no motivation) Try to write 5 sentences1. Topic sentences2. Firstly3. Secondly4. FinallyThere are several reasons why I would argue against having compulsory community service for secondary school students. Firstly, the school curriculum is already full with important academic subjects, such as maths, science and languages. For example, I remember having an extremely busy timetable when I was at high school, and it would not have been possible to add to it. Secondly, students’ performance in other subjects would be affected if valuable study time were taken by charity work or neighbourhood improvement schemes. Finally, I believe that teenage students would be reluctant to take part in any programme of obligatory work, and this could lead to poor motivation and even bad behaviour.Idea, explain, example3-minute plan:- voluntary (not compulsory) community service is positive - students more motivated if they can choose- gain work experience, self confidence, skills- good for CVs, career, university admissions, employers3 Try to write 5 sentences IdeaExplain (2 or 3 sentences) ExampleOn the other hand, the opportunity to do voluntary community service could be extremely positive for high school students. By making these programmes optional, schools would ensure that only motivated students took part. These young people would gain valuable experience in an adult working environment, which could help to build their self confidence and enhance their skills. Having such experience and skills on their CVs could greatly improve school leavers’c areer prospects. For example, a period of voluntary work experience might impress a university admissions officer or a future employer.Linking words do not help your “vocabulary” score.Examiners want to see “topic vocabulary”.blue - linking words green - Topic vocabulary red– paraphrasingLesson 4: Conclusions- One sentence - No new information - Paraphrasing to show variety1. Discussion questionIn many cities the use of video cameras in public places is being increased in order to reduce crime,but some people believe that these measures restrict our individual freedom.Do the benefits of increased security outweigh the drawbacks?IntroductionIt is true that video surveillance has become commonplace in many cities in recent years. While I understand that critics may see this as an invasion of privacy, I believe that there are more benefits than drawbacks.ConclusionIn conclusion, I would argue that the advantages of using video security systems in public places dooutweigh the disadvantages.2. Opinion questionFamilies who send their children to private schools should not be required to pay taxes that support thestate education system.To what extent do you agree or disagree with this statement?IntroductionSome people believe that parents of children who attend private schools should not need to contribute to state schools through taxes. Personally, I completely disagree with this view.ConclusionIn conclusion, I do not believe that any financial concessions should be made for people who chooseprivate education.3. Problem and solution questionIn the developed world, average life expectancy is increasing.What problems will this cause for individuals and society?Suggest some measures that could be taken to reduce the impact of ageing populations.IntroductionIt is true that people in industrialised nations can expect to live longer than ever before. Although there will undoubtedly be some negative consequences of this trend, societies can take steps to mitigate these potential problems.ConclusionIn conclusion, various measures can be taken to tackle the problems that are certain to arise as the populations of countries grow older.4. Two-part questionThere are many different types of music in the world today.Why do we need music? Is the traditional music of a country more important than the internationalmusic that is heard everywhere nowadays?IntroductionIt is true that a rich variety of musical styles can be found around the world. Music is a vital part of all human cultures for a range of reasons, and I would argue that traditional music is more important than modern, international music.ConclusionIn conclusion, music is a necessary part of human existence, and I believe that traditional music should be given more importance than international music.Lesson 5: PlanningSome people think that it is more effective for students to study in groups, while others believe that it is betterfor them to study alone.Discuss both views and give your own opinion. 10-minute essay plan, 3 steps:1. Read and understand the question2. Plan your essay structure3. Plan ideas for the 2 main paragraphs1. Read and understand the question - highlight / underline key parts2. Plan your essay structure (4 paragraphs)1. Introduction: topic + answer[ topic ] – study in groups or alone[ answer ] – sometimes better alone, usually better in a group2. Benefits of studying alone3. Benefits of group study (my view)4. Conclusion: repeat answer - both have benefits, but I prefer group3. Plan ideas for the 2 main paragraphs (6 minutes)- brainstorm, note down any ideas you have- develop ideas in detail- keep asking yourself “why?” - think of examples to support your ideas- finally, try to group related ideas (number them)Lesson 6: Opinion essay ---- Do YOU agree or disagree? ( You CAN use “I” ,“my” or “in my opinion” )The money spent by governments on space programmes would be better spent on vital public servicessuch as schools and hospitals. To what extent do you agree or disagree? (275 words, band 9)agree, public services instead of space projectsgovernment spending[ answer ] – 1. Introduction: [ topic ] –2. Explain why “space” spending should be stoppedexpensive (scientists, facilities, equipment),no benefits to normal people, politicians showing power,waste of money when project fail, risk of accidents, death e.g.challenger space shuttle3. Explain why public service spending is bettercheaper e.g. doctors, teachers, police instead of astronautspublic service impact on everyonewe all use schools, hospitals, police, roads etc.reduce poverty, better quality of lifespend on services that benefit us all4. Conclusion: repeat answer – Governments in some countries spend large amounts of money onspace exploration programmes. I completely agree with the ideathat these are a waste of money, and that the funds should beallocated to public services.There are several reasons why space programmes should beabandoned. Firstly, it is extremely expensive to train scientists andother staff involved with space missions, and facilities andequipment also come at a huge cost to the government. Secondly,these programmes do not benefit normal people in our daily lives;they are simply vanity projects for politicians. Finally, manymissions to space fail completely, and the smallest technologicalerror can cost astronauts their lives. The Challenger space shuttledisaster showed us that space travel is extremely dangerous, andin my opinion it is not worth the risk.I believe that the money from space programmes should go to vitalpublic services instead. It is much cheaper to train doctors,teachers, police and other public service workers than it is to trainastronauts or the scientists and engineers who work on spaceexploration projects. Furthermore, public servants do jobs that havea positive impact on every member of society. For example, we alluse schools, hospitals and roads, and we all need the security thatthe police provide. If governments reallocated the money spent onspace travel and research, many thousands of people could belifted out of poverty or given a better quality of life.In conclusion, my view is that governments should spend money onservices that benefit all members of society, and it is wrong towaste resources on projects that do not improve our everyday lives.Lesson 7: Discussion essaySome people think that a sense of competition in children should be encouraged. Others believe that children who are taught to co-operate rather than compete become more useful adults.Discuss both these views and give your own opinion. (270 words, band 9)1. Introduction:benefits of both, co-operation more important [ topic ] –competition or co-operation?[ answer ] –2. Why encourage competition?motivation,work harder, be better than other children,self confidence, independent work, faster progress,competitive situation when leave school e.g. job interviews,prepared for adult life3. Why teach co-operation? (my view)co-operation even more important,e.g. at work (team, follow boss’s instructions, help junior staff),collaboration more useful than winning,better attitude for young people,working togetheraccept both views, co-operation better4. Conclusion: repeat answer – People have different views about whether children should be taught to becompetitive or co-operative. While a spirit of competition can sometimes beuseful in life,I believe that the ability to co-operate is more important.On the one hand, competition can be a great source of motivation forchildren. When teachers use games or prizes to introduce an element ofcompetitiveness into lessons, it can encourage children to work harder tooutdo the other pupils in the class. This kind of healthy rivalry may help to, while pushing them to work independentlybuild children’s self confidenceand progress more quickly. When these children leave school, theirconfidence and determination will help them in competitive situations suchas job interviews. It can therefore be argued that competition should beencouraged in order to prepare children for adult life.On the other hand, it is perhaps even more important to prepare childrenfor the many aspects of adult life that require co-operation. In the workplace,adults are expected to work in teams, follow instructions given by theirsuperiors, or supervise and support the more junior members of staff.Team collaboration skills are much more useful than a competitivedetermination to win. This is the attitude that I believe schools should fosterin young people. Instead of promoting the idea that people are eitherwinners or losers, teachers could show children that they gain more fromworking together.In conclusion, I can understand why people might want to encouragecompetitiveness in children, but it seems to me that a co-operative attitudeis much more desirable in adult life.Lesson 8: Problem and solution essayIn many countries schools have severe problems with student behaviour.What do you think are the causes of this? What solutions can you suggest? (270 words, band 9)1. Introduction:variety of reasons, steps can be taken to tackle [ topic ] –student behaviour in schools[ answer ] – 2. Cause of bad student behaviourparents not strict (too leninent), children don’t accept teachers’ instructions or school rules, teachers’ fault, no control, bad classroom management,influence of celebrities who are bad example3. My suggested solutionsparents set rules for children, use punishments, actions have consequences,schools train teachers and parents, discipline techniques, better communication,famous people act as role modelssummarise the problem and steps4. Conclusion: repeat answer – It is true that the behaviour of school pupils in some parts of the worldhas been getting worse in recent years. There are a variety ofpossible reasons for this, but steps can definitely be taken to tacklethe problem.In my opinion, three main factors are to blame for the way youngpeople behave at school nowadays. Firstly, modern parents tend tobe too lenient or permissive. Many children become accustomed togetting whatever they want, and they find it difficult to accept thedemands of teachers or the limits imposed on them by school rules.Secondly, if teachers cannot control their students, there must be anissue with the quality of classroom management training or supportwithin schools. Finally, children are influenced by the behaviour ofcelebrities, many of whom set the example that success can beachieved without finishing school.Student behaviour can certainly be improved. I believe that thechange must start with parents, who need to be persuaded that it isimportant to set firm rules for their children. When childrenmisbehave or break the rules, parents should use reasonablepunishments to demonstrate that actions have consequences. Also,schools could play an important role in training both teachers andparents to use effective disciplinary techniques, and in improving thecommunication between both groups. At the same time, famouspeople, such as musicians and football players, need to understandthe responsibility that they have to act as role models to children.In conclusion, schools will continue to face discipline problemsunless parents, teachers and public figures set clear rules anddemonstrate the right behaviour themselves.Lesson 9: Two-part essayNews editors decide what to broadcast on television and what to print in newspapers. What factors do you think influence these decisions? Do we become used to bad news, and would it be better if more good news was reported? (285 words, band 9)variety of factors, yes too much bad news1. Introduction: [ topic ] –decisions about news stories[ answer ] – 2. Factors that influence news editorsinterest or attract viewers / readersinform the public, important issue and events, in the public interestpressure from owners, promote political views3. Too much bad news, should report more goodaccustomed to bad news,war, crime, natural, disasters, human suffering,desensitizes us, cynical about the world,prefer positive news, e.g. medical workers, volunteers, kindness,news to inspire usdifficult news choices, more positive4. Conclusion: repeat answer – It is true that editors have to make difficult decisions about which news storiesthey broadcast or publish, and their choices are no doubt influenced by avariety of factors. In my opinion, we are exposed to too much bad news, and Iwould welcome a greater emphasis on good news.Editors face a range of considerations when deciding what news stories tofocus on. Firstly, I imagine that they have to consider whether viewers orreaders will be interested enough to choose their television channel or theirnewspaper over competing providers. Secondly, news editors have aresponsibility to inform the public about important events and issues, and theyshould therefore prioritise stories that are in the public interest. Finally, editorsare probably under some pressure from the owners who employ them. Forexample, a newspaper owner might have particular political views that he orshe wants to promote.It seems to me that people do become accustomed to negative news. We areexposed on a daily basis to stories about war, crime, natural disasters andtragic human suffering around the world. I believe that such repeatedexposure gradually desensitizes people, and we become more cynical aboutthe world and more sceptical that we can do anything to change it. I wouldprefer to see more positive news stories, such as reports of the work ofmedical staff after a natural disaster, or the kindness of volunteers who help intheir communities. This kind of news might inspire us all to lead better lives.In conclusion, it must be extremely difficult for editors to choose which newsstories to present, but I would like to see a more positive approach to this vitalpublic service.。
雅思英文作文总结段
雅思英文作文总结段1. In conclusion, it is clear that the IELTS writing test requires a high level of English proficiency. It is not enough to simply have good grammar and vocabulary; one must also be able to express ideas clearly and coherently. This can be a challenge for many test takers, but with practice and preparation, it is possible to improve one's writing skills and achieve a high score.2. Additionally, time management is crucial in the IELTS writing test. With only 60 minutes to complete two tasks, it is important to allocate time wisely. Many test takers struggle with this, often spending too much time on one task and not having enough time for the other. Therefore, it is important to practice writing under timed conditions to develop the ability to work efficiently and effectively.3. Another key aspect of the IELTS writing test is understanding the task requirements. Each task has specificinstructions and criteria that must be followed. Failure to address these requirements can result in a lower score. It is important to carefully read and analyze the task before starting to write, and to constantly refer back to the instructions while writing to ensure that all aspects are covered.4. Furthermore, a wide range of vocabulary and sentence structures is essential in the IELTS writing test. Test takers are expected to demonstrate their ability to use a variety of words and phrases, as well as complex sentence structures, to convey their ideas. This can be challenging, especially for non-native English speakers, but with practice and exposure to different texts, it is possible to expand one's vocabulary and improve sentence construction.5. Lastly, proofreading and editing are crucial in the IELTS writing test. Many test takers make careless mistakes in their writing, such as spelling errors or grammatical inconsistencies. Taking the time to review and revise one's work can greatly improve the overall quality and accuracy of the writing. It is recommended to leave a few minutes atthe end of the test to check for any errors and make necessary corrections.In conclusion, the IELTS writing test requires a combination of language skills, time management, understanding of task requirements, vocabulary and sentence variety, as well as proofreading and editing. By focusing on these areas and practicing regularly, test takers can improve their writing abilities and achieve a high score in the test.。
雅思写作核心词汇总结（全）
雅思写作核心词汇总结（全）写作核心词汇总结交通类1. automobile industry 汽车工业2. boost the economic development 促进经济发展promote3. levy the tax 征税raise，impose4. modernization 现代化5. be viewed as … 被视为是…Automobile industry which boosts the economic development is viewed as the symbol of modernization.6. be concerned about … 对…担忧/关注…7. pollution-free fuel petrol 无污染燃料environment friendly8. luxury 奢侈品goods9. chronic lead poisoning 慢性铅中毒10. fill… with …使…充斥着11. popularization of cars 汽车普及12. lay more emphasis on… 把重心放在…13. observe traffic regulations 遵守交通规则14. break traffic regulations 违反交通规则15. get stuck in traffic 遇上堵车16. rush hour 上下班高峰时间off-peak17. ease the traffic pressure 缓解交通压力18. pedestrian 行人19. pavement 人行道20. zebra crossing 斑马线21. over speed 超速行驶22. bottleneck 交通堵塞地区23. settle down effective laws 制定出积极有效的法律24. impose restrictions on … 对…实施限制25. short-sighted 目光短浅的26. non-renewable resources 不可再生资源27. carbon dioxide 二氧化碳28. a pillar industry 支柱产业29. make full use of … 充分利用solar power30. road networks 公路网31. speed limits 限速32. enhance the quality of life Promote，boost 提高生活质量living standard33. pay a heavy price 付出惨痛的代价34. promote the development of relative industries 促进相关产业发展35. traffic engineering 交通运输工程36. the increasing number of car ownership 汽车拥有量增加37. call for … 需要…The government to introduce policies which are effective/practical and efficient.38. overcrowded 过度拥挤的39. violator 违规者40. headache 令人头痛的事41. traffic accidents 交通事故42. head-way 进展43. conflic t with … 与…相冲突crisis44. major /main cause 主要原因45. be replaced by … 被…所取代46. provide convenience for … 为…提供便利47. curb… 限制…bean curd，方块48. dilemma 进退两难49. encourage somebody to do something鼓励某人去做某事50. energy-saving 节能的time-consuming ,money-saving社会类1. urbanization 城市化rural2. centralization 集中化3. imbalance 不平衡4. in the long run 从长远角度而言5. infrastructure 基础设施Construction of6. booming 繁荣发展的baby booming7. tertiary industry 第三产业8. tranquility 宁静9. revenue 税收cost outweigh levy, raise, impose meet10. commercialization 商业化Mercury11. traffic congestion 交通拥挤overcrowded12. water scarcity 水短缺drought13. the environmental pollution 环境污染14. over-industrialization 过度工业化15. over-crowdedness 过度拥挤16. unemployment 失业rate17. wealth distribution 财富分配The Principle of 20/80 indicates that….18. social instability 社会动荡19. urban construction 城市建设20. population explosion 人口激增The increasing number of population，21. a rising crime rate 犯罪率上升22. drain of energy and resources能源和资源消耗23. offer more job opportunities 提供更多的就业机会24. a rapid pace of life 快节奏生活Contribute to25. stress-related illnesses与压力有关的疾病26. high cost of living 高额生活费用27. pastoral life 田园生活28. class polarization 阶级两极分化Koala bear29. social welfare 社会福利30. give special care to …给予…特殊关照31. urban sprawl 城市扩张32. convenient transportation means 便捷的交通工具mean girl33. better medical services 更好的医疗服务34. pressure of modern life in city 城市生活压力35. be vulnerable to …易于患上…fragile36. melting pot 熔炉37. on the brink of … 处于…边缘Edgy38. pollutant 污染性物质39. waste disposal 废物处理40. put the blame on … 归咎于…41. be attributable to … 归因为…42. ways of consumption 消费方式43. suffer heavy losses 遭受重大损失44. citizen 居民netizen45. be confronted with… 面临着…46. breed crimes 滋生犯罪47. vicious cycle 恶性循环48. a feasible measure/ meanPractical一种可行的措施people in need49. give priority to … 优先考虑…50.city planners 城市规划者Foodsour and sweet fishCuisinespicy foodlow in fatchopsticksknife and forkhigh in fatrich in vitamin C Aussie kiwifruit mangococktailvinegar and olive oilChinese saladHerbs，seasonI’m allergic to sthIt tastes funny.BitterStewSteamed breadStir fried chichen/beef/Hot potbakeT-boneYummyTaste good/ fantastic Cheese and cream Tastes good but smells smelly. Nutrition Hygienic and healthy SpecialChef recommendationMusicMelodylyricsToneHeavy metalDrumsSymphony，orchestra Harmony，released and refreshedPopCountry musicJazzFolkClassicChordInstrumentConcertLove songs，sad songsnc-beijingjiaoxue-w@/doc/9b6910530.html, 媒体类1. paparazzi 狗仔队2. mass media 大众媒体3. entertainment 娱乐4. journalism 新闻业5. journal 期刊6. the latest news 最新消息7. exclusive news 独家新闻8. news agency 新闻社9. news block out 新闻封锁10. news censorship 新闻审查11. freedom of the press新闻自由12. news coverage 新闻报道13. do reportage on … 报导…14. hit the headlines 上头条15. issue 出版、发行16. newsstand 报摊17. free-lancer writer 自由撰稿人18. chief editor 总编CEO chief executive officerCFO19. editorial 社论20. newsworthy 值得报道的It doesn’t worth it.21. barometer 晴雨表22. the barometer of public opinion舆论的晴雨表23. live broadcast 直播On the air24. quiz show 智力竞争节目25. game show 游戏节目26. variety show 综合节目gala27. talk show 脱口秀Opera，28. sitcom 情景喜剧29. soap opera 肥皂剧30. movie star 电影明星31. movie king 影帝32. movie queen 影后33. affair 绯闻have affair34. celebrity 名人Celebrate35. fame 名声36. rise to fame 声名鹊起37. fans 粉丝38. invade one’s privacy 侵扰了…的隐私39. misleading 误导性的40. cheating 欺骗性的41. popularity 知名度42. scandal 丑闻43. sensational 轰动的44. prevalent 普遍的、流行的45. imperative 重要的、必要的Important，significant Principle46. audience ratings 收视率47. propaganda 宣传brain washing48. be abducted by 受…诱导49. purify one’s soul净化心灵Soulmate50. live in a virtual world生活在一个虚拟世界中51. be a great comfort to somebody对…来说是一个巨大安慰52. meet different tastes满足不同口味53. provide somebody with something 给…提供…54. follow the fashion blindly盲目追逐时尚Set up / arrange Blind date55. commit crimes 犯罪56. be inconceivable to somebody对…来说是难以想象的57. impressive 给人印象深刻的58. right to know 知情权59. in the disguise of… 打着…的幌子White lieSplit60. endanger social stability and safety危害社会稳定和安全媒体类二1. information era 信息时代2. keep one informed about something 使人们了解…3. audience/viewers 观众4. have unhealthy and harm ful effec ts on… 对…有不良影响5. information-explosion society 信息爆炸的社会6. influential 有影响的7. revolutionize the way we acquire information 彻底改变了我们获取信息的方式8. blessing 福9. curse 祸10. various thrilling programs 各种各样激动人心的节目11. poor-quality programs 低质量节目12. ever-accelerated 不断发展的13. exaggerate 夸张14. enjoyable 令人享受的15. fashionable 时尚的16. electromagnetic radiation 电磁辐射17. psychological illnesses 心理疾病18. isolated 孤僻的19. unimaginative 缺乏想象力的20. unsociable 不好社交的21. deprive somebody of one’s imaginatio n and creativity 使…丧失了想象力和创造力22. jeopardize one’s health 危害健康23. be exposed to… 了解到…接触到…24. find its way into every family 进入千家万户25. global village 地球村26. be indulged in… 沉溺于…27. be addicted to … 对…上瘾28. be fascinated by … 被…所吸引29. be dependent on … 依赖…30. second-hand information 二手信息31. go astray 误入歧途32. embark on the criminal road 走上犯罪道路33. irresistible 无法抵制的34. hallmark 标志35. create topics of discussion 制造交谈话题36. critical thinking 批判性思维37. powerful means of communication 有力的交流工具38. main cause 主因39. tempting 有诱惑力的40. reliable 可靠的41. family attachment 家庭归属感42. mutual understanding 相互了解43. alienation of affection 感情疏远44. be sick of … 对…厌倦45. generation gap 代沟46. exchanges of feelings 感情交流47. emotional bond 感情纽带48. strengthen family ties 加强家庭纽带关系49. be detached from reality 与现实隔绝50. distinguish right from wrong 明辨是非51. edifying 有教育意义的52. couch potato 电视迷53. be harmful to … 对…有害54. imitate 模仿55. inexpressible 难以形容的56. physical and mental health 身心健康57. stimulate one’s imagination and creativ ity 激发某人想象力和创造力58. unwholesome lifestyle. 不健康的生活方式59. a great deal of information 大量的信息60. disinteresting 令人索然无味的工作类1.ambitious 雄心壮志的、野心勃勃的aspiration2. adaptability 适应性3.adapt oneself to …使自己适应…4. prosperity 繁荣booming5. be disadvantageous to …对…不利6. flow of personnel 人才流动7. mechanism of personnel flow人才流动机制8. survival of the fittest 适者生存9. a sense of accomplishment成就感10. potentiality 潜能11. learn to cooperate and compromise学习合作和妥协T eam work Team leader12. be deeply i mpressed with …对…印象很深impressive13. company philosophy 企业文化14. flexibility 灵活性yoga15. competitive 竞争激烈的16. arena 舞台，市场竞技场17. team-work spirit团队合作精神18. treasure opportunity珍惜机会19. a fat salary 收入颇丰fluffy，蓬松baby fat20. a harmoniousinterpersonal relationship和谐的人际关系I’m seeing someone.21. a sense of responsibility责任感Be Willing to Shoulder more responsibility22. material gains 物质待遇23. promising future光明的前途24. bright prospect 光明的前景25. a challenging job一份具有挑战性的工作26. turning point 转折点27. be closely relat ed to …与…息息相关28. get advanced in the society出人头地29. a decent job 一份体面的工作30. chance of promotion升迁机会31. stability and satisfaction稳定感和满足感32. keep skills fresh and up-to-date使技能可以不断更新33. expand one’s outlook 开阔视野horizon34. balance work and life平衡工作和生活Business is business.35. from-nine-to-five 朝九晚五一族36. shoulder/undertake one’s responsibility承担起自己的责任37. upgrade oneself 提升自我38. a well-paid job 高收入工作39. creative work 创造性工作40. stand up to / meet the challenge迎接挑战41. realize the value of life effectuate 实现人生价值42. enrich one’s social experience丰富一个人的社会阅历43. cultivate one’s independence and toughness培养自己的独立性和坚韧性44. seek for personal development追求个人发展45. display one’s talent 展示才能46. a sense of self-fulfillment自我实现感Elite 精英47. promotion opportunity 提升机会48. meet one’s personalized needs满足某人个性化需求49. define one’s role确定自己的角色50. social recognition 社会认可51. accumulate experience获取经验52. inspiring 鼓舞人心的53. motivation 动机54. workaholic 工作狂55. working environment 工作环境56. work overtime 加班57. i mprove one’s capabilities提高某人能力58. develop one’s talents培养才智59. ideal workplace 理想工作场所Decent60. master interpersonal skills掌握人际交往技能动物保护类vivid，Viva，1. vivisection 活体解剖2. perform experiments on animals在动物身上做试验3. test animals 用于实验的动物Colony 实验对照组4. be subjected to experiments被迫接受试验5. animal rights 动物权利Human6. clinical research 临床研究7. cruel 残忍的8. extremist 极端主义者9. medical research 医学研究10. origin of species 物种起源11. alternative method 替代的方法12. biological diversity 生物多样性13. natural balance 自然平衡14. equilibrium of ecosystem 生态平衡15. coexistence 共存16. endangered animals 濒危动物17. diversity of species 物种多样性18. shameless 令人羞愧的19. barbaric 野蛮的20. live and let live 活着就是与万物共存To be or not to be21. meaningless 没有意义的22. dominant species 优势物种23. laboratory 实验室24. vaccine 疫苗25. infringement 践踏invade26. right to live 生存权27. torture 折磨I’m tortured by IELTS.28. anti-science 反科学的29. life-threatening diseases危及生命的疾病Stress-related illnesses30. scientific gains 科学成果31. an ever-lasting theme 一个永恒的主题Live happily ever after32. evolution 进化33. computer simulation 电脑模拟34. groundless 没有理由的On the ground 实际35. humane 人道的36. medical technology 医疗技术37. anatomy 解剖38. equal 公平的39. unreliable 不可信赖的40. valid 有效的、正当的语言类1. ambiguity 歧义2. denotation 字面意思3. connotation 暗含意思。
2014顾家北雅思写作课堂笔记
[03.20期课] 2014.03.24课堂笔记4. Some people think the main purpose of schools is to turn the children into good citizens and workers, rather than to benefit them as individuals. To what extent do you agree or disagree with this opinion?教育(生活能价值观类题目)社会价值观类题目话题1：社会关系VS 个人独立和成就话题2：帮助别人VS 个人财富和地位话题3：消费VS 节约A. 重视社会教育B. 培养学生责任感与遵守法律C. 有利于社会稳定A sense of responsibility，abide by laws, worthy members of society, make contribution to society, social cohesion【学生】School pay closer attention to social education can have a beneficial effect on social cohesion. Social education will enable students to have a sense of responsibility. They are likely to abide by laws and friendly to each other, which is important to establish an order survival environment. This is particularly effective to those unstable regions.【老师】If schools pay attention to morality and ethics, it can have a beneficial effect on social cohesion. (p).Students will have a sense of responsibility. (p)They are likely to abide by laws and follow social rules. This can help create a society where people can live in harmony. (p)A 熟悉工作里(in the world of work)的行为规范（standard of behaviour）B 成为很好的工作人员（productive workers）C对公司的收益有用，也会职业成功（a fulfilling career）(Can be used in Speaking Part 3 ) 【学生】In the world of work , studying standards of behavior carefully gives priority to become productive workers in a company .This means one will learn deciplines in his company by heart and obey these rules which will guide them to have the right behavior.When one become a excellent staff,it will be easy for him or her to achieve a fulfilling career and also good staff bring benefits to a company's profit.【老师】It is also important to teach students standards of behaviour in the world of work, so they can become productive workers in the future. (p)They understand how to work closely with work colleagues and how to finish jobs to meet the deadline. (p)(解释productive workers)This is beneficial to a company's bottom line (=profit收入，收益) and they can also have a fulfilling career. (p)- 1 -[03.20期课] 2014.03.24课堂笔记They can communicate with their friends and family by mobile devices, but this kind of interaction does not substitute for face-to-face communication. (p)(一下子就扣题了)- 5 -。
05雅思写作考试常用语法(翻译版)
英文写作基础知识I 英语的句子成分1. 主语1）父母应该为年轻人提供机会让他们锻炼自己的能力和天赋。
2) 对于它们，我们既不能过高估计也不能否认其存在。
3) 吸烟只是一种个人爱好和娱乐。
4) 很难有定论。
5) 很明显，穿校服会使得校园生活变得乏味单调在过去的几年中，随着经济的迅速发展，越来越多的父母在把孩子送到国外学习。
大学毕业生的就业形势越来越不乐观。
毫无疑问，不同人甚至不同的大学都会对此有不同观点。
2. 谓语1）他们坚持认为审查制度应当废止。
2）孩子应当靠自己的努力获取成功。
3）广告增加了商品的成本。
4）换句话说，电脑影响了人们的日常生活，对人们有害。
5）当前，越来越多的人同意吸烟是一种不健康的嗜好，等同于自杀。
大学中的教师教授拥有丰富的专业知识和丰富的教学经验，会教给学生新的知识并引导他们解决现实中的问题。
3. 表语1）审查制度是对言论自由的一种违犯。
2）放养涂在这些动物的方法经常是野蛮残忍的。
3）谈恋爱耗费时间，经常会使学生偏离他们的主要任务---学习。
4）我们所需要做的是告诉孩子如何正确的解决这些问题。
5）他们所强调的是那些正式的考试对不利于培养学生的创造力。
大学毕业生自身也对这种局面负有责任。
由于不同的习惯和不同的价值观，人们在和陌生人同住时会觉得不自在。
4. 宾语1）垃圾食品对人的健康有害。
2）你甚至开始把工作带回家做并且一直工作到凌晨3）研究表明吸烟和肺癌、心脏病等严重疾病之间存在着必然联系。
4）它给我们带来了许多欢乐和乐趣。
5. 定语1）很难有定论。
2）近年来，因特网以极快的的速度越来越受欢迎。
3）资金不足的人们通常正确确定优先考虑的事情：他们在买奢侈品之前首先买必需品。
4）那些强烈反对这种做法的人说这违犯人工作的基本权利。
6. 状语1）户外活动能极大促进我们的健康。
2）根据法律，广告必须是完全真实的健康的。
3）为了赶走孤独和消磨时光，他们可以培养其它的爱好，比如养花、集邮和学画画。
雅思写作题型36个必背句式
雅思写作题型36个必背句式在备考雅思的过程中，雅思写作是大家认为最难的题型。
要想提高自己的雅思写作能力，平时的积累必不可少。
下面是小编整理的雅思写作题型36个必背句式，欢迎大家阅读分享借鉴。
雅思写作题型36个必背句式1.It作先行主语和先行宾语的一些句型She had said what it was necessary to say.2.强调句型It is not who rules us that is important, but how he rules us.3."All+抽象名词"或"抽象名词+itself"(very+形容词) He was all gentleness to her.4.利用词汇重复表示强调 A crime is a crime a crime.5."something(much)of"和"nothing(little)of" "something of" 相当于"to some extent"，表示程度。
在疑问句或条件从句中，则为"anything of "，可译为"有点"，"略微等。
""译为毫无"，"全无"。
"much of"译为"大有"，"not much of"可译为"算不上"，"称不上"，"little of"可译为"几乎无"。
something like译为"有点像，略似。
" They say that he had no university education, but he seems to be something of a scholar.6.同格名词修饰是指of前后的两个名词都指同一个人或物，"of"以及它前面的名词构一个形容词短语，以修饰"of"后面的那个名词。
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二：写作总的指导5堂课：1.总的知道2.写作流程，问题极其对策——第一段就说3．引言段（开头第一段）是开门见山（英文）还是层层剥开（中文）议论文不可以太长，第一段只能3——5句话4．段落主题句有（英文）没有（中文）不要把每个主题句分散在不同处，在第一句写5．线性段落（英文）还是螺旋性段落（中文）说出来——为什么这样说6．人证（中文）与法证（英文）强调事实、数据、普通人事件、该领域专家7．一般具体（英文）还是曲折前进（中文）8．段内连贯：过渡词语（英语）还是词义重复（中文）英语：形式语言中文：意合语言for， obviously， turn out， as a result， and， in the end 英语靠过渡词的衔接、词汇的纽带、语法的照应9．段落之间的连贯：形和义10．结尾部分是概括（英文）还是训导（中文）二．点评文章第一段一定要有整片文章的中心思想句不要让读者体会，要交代主题交代的观点就要展开，否则就不要展开结构上的错误是致命的不能机械抄袭题目命题中给的应该扩充和延伸中间几段必须是平行的、均匀的三．范文（p74）共21个句子：第一段3句、二4、三5、四4、五2、六3317个词，16个错误（不影响理解）到第五段的old已经满250个词（3、5、5、3四段可满250句）p 22 version C :263个词，14个句子：一4/5、二5、三4、四223个错误四．审题p2 task 1: 正规语言、客观描述p3 范文：第一段：交代三要素——研究时间段、研究具体类别、数据还是百分比——把命题的话细节性地拓宽一下要有比较、运用图表中数据不要有个人评价p5 task 3: 雅思大作文五大类中的一类：问题对策考过三道：1.谈一谈你们国家的交通问题，分析原因，有什么好的建议，措施2．现在家庭关系不如以前，什么原因，有什么好的建议3．新生在上学第一天感到孤独，你怎么看待这一现象，假设你是校长，你会采取什么措施例：交通问题：第一段：主题句，在我的文章中，将分析一下，造成这些交通事故的几个因素问题对策，重心在原因分析中间：司机忽视交通法规交通阻塞，不平心静气地解决行人对交通法规意识淡漠其它原因……最后一段：拿方案（recommendation）First …… secondly…… （建议措施可以代替结论）不要每段列原因和对策，要集中，否则很难控制p5 task 3 小孩看电视 benefits——risks——recommendationp5 task 4 五大题型之二利与弊不要用more and more，用increasing large numbers ofclearly the benefits are perceived to outweigh the inevitable difficulties involoved.四段：有利——不利——好的发扬，不好的除掉五．命题方式和基本的写作思路分解动作：1。
审题，问题是什么，理清思路。
缩小作文范围2．读者是谁 diagram——大学老师，正式，不能出现“I”，essay——受过教育的人（在第一段和最后一段可以提到“我认为”，可以举自己的例子）3．图表作文写完后，要注意检查，看重要是否遗漏。
图表中，重要趋势的地方标记号。
4. essay，注意语言，其次是内容。
语言质量的提高，主谓一致、时态、名词的单复数、（不）定冠词、搭配、拼写……P 8 题型在多大程度变题目，在多大程度统计学是重要的，变成，统计学是重要的吗？一些人认为必要……一些人认为没有必要……我自己认为（过去）现在题型有发展：1。
是必要的2．在多大程度你同意还是不同意3．在写的时候，应该忽略多大程度4．同意或不同意，单方面意见六．作业：（第6课最后）1．登月球，30多年历史，有人认为是浪费时间和金钱，就此进行讨论2．有人认为对待动物应该象对待宠物，另一些人认为动物是衣食，你的看法。
2002年4月11日星期四一．考官如何判卷1．看字数2．看第一段，寻找核心句。
语言质量要高。
3．看下面每段第一句话。
（中间段落2——3段，不要超过3段）4．是否有结尾。
5．随意扫描，感觉语言水平。
看是否有承上启下的连接手段。
二．评分标准交接内容，分支观点和论证。
语法和词汇，句子结构（有复杂句：从句，并列句，非谓语动词）。
句子结构的开端多样化。
三．第二篇文章每段如何写第一段（p15）：背景，写作意图，总结主要的分支观点（3句话）（p16例）中间段落：1。
开头是概括性的话2．隶属的话，解释、例子（高度提炼）、理由、补充性细节（p71、72例）3．用自己的知识和经历，内容不需要有独创性，只要和话题相关。
4．内容的连贯性。
（p19词）5．中间段落要均衡。
结论：一致性感觉（结合具体题型不同会有不同）四．问题加对策（problems recommendations）原因是主体（第一段核心句中体现），建议措施是辅助结果（提及，不要展开）五．讨论（discuss）有两种写法：1.两面的，支持与反对，写四段。
结论同第三段（第三段反对则结论反对，连贯性），有折中的可能性也可。
2.一边倒，虽然如何，但是如何，对对方是尊重的。
中间详细叙述自己观点，结尾简短点。
例：登月球，30多年历史，有人认为宇宙探索是浪费时间和金钱，就此进行讨论controversyhere， I shall explore the proves and cons of the question.六．同意不同意，在多大程度支持反对一边倒，表明自己的观点在开头，分点论述，最后一段可以简短点开头段落：可提及对方观点，做铺垫；写作意图，表明自己观点中间：叙述三点，或两点（展开要多一点）七．你怎么认为第一段必须表态，两种观点选择一种，同六一边倒如果要求讨论并说明你的观点，讨论在前，则讨论后说名你的观点如果讨论在后，则对两种观点进行讨论八．利与弊1．利与弊是什么（五五开，四段），最后一段讲积极的发挥，不好的去掉。
2．变体，是不是总是积极的呢？70——80%肯定展开，20——30%讲不足，不用展开。
P 87p89p91p93——四段经典结构变体，是不是总是积极的呢——前面说积极，最后一段提到不足，但坚信积极多，且随发展会。
九．第一篇文章评分标准转换1．任务的完成状况，比语言重要2．内容的连贯和衔接3．词汇和语法（语言）——词汇的有效度（而非难度）2002年4月12日星期五一．图表作文（一）. 研究样卷p61p65 ——柱状图最多，然后是曲线、饼状、表格p66 : 5分，只有年代，无具体数据；长度勉强过关；比较成功地描述了总的趋势；缺乏复杂句子结构p67: 6分，描述了总的趋势和比较详细的数据；但不够完全；连接词太多，使用不得体；语法的精确性好；描述总的趋势的语言处理得当；句子结构依然缺乏复一．针对十个问题的思考1．情感分段和逻辑分段首先晾出观点，罩住一个自然段，2．文章中心思想句是读者体会（中文）还是作者交代（英文）――第一段就说3．引言段（开头第一段）是开门见山（英文）还是层层剥开（中文）议论文不可以太长，第一段只能3――5句话4．段落主题句有（英文）没有（中文）不要把每个主题句分散在不同处，在第一句写5．线性段落（英文）还是螺旋性段落（中文）说出来――为什么这样说6．人证（中文）与法证（英文）强调事实、数据、普通人事件、该领域专家7．一般具体（英文）还是曲折前进（中文）8．段内连贯：过渡词语（英语）还是词义重复（中文）英语：形式语言中文：意合语言for, obviously, turn out, as a result, and, in the end英语靠过渡词的衔接、词汇的纽带、语法的照应9．段落之间的连贯：形和义10．结尾部分是概括（英文）还是训导（中文）二．点评文章第一段一定要有整片文章的中心思想句不要让读者体会，要交代主题交代的观点就要展开，否则就不要展开结构上的错误是致命的不能机械抄袭题目命题中给的信息应该扩充和延伸中间几段必须是平行的、均匀的三．范文（p74）共21个句子：第一段3句、二4、三5、四4、五2、六3317个词，16个错误（不影响理解）到第五段的old已经满250个词（3、5、5、3四段可满250句）p 22 version C :263个词，14个句子：一4/5、二5、三4、四223个错误四．审题p2 task 1: 正规语言、客观描述p3 范文：第一段：交代三要素――研究时间段、研究具体类别、数据还是百分比――把命题的话细节性地拓宽一下要有比较、运用图表中数据不要有个人评价p5 task 3: 雅思大作文五大类中的一类：问题+对策考过三道：1.谈一谈你们国家的交通问题，分析原因，有什么好的建议，措施2．现在家庭关系不如以前，什么原因，有什么好的建议3．新生在上学第一天感到孤独，你怎么看待这一现象，假设你是校长，你会采取什么措施例：交通问题：第一段：主题句，在我的文章中，将分析一下，造成这些交通事故的几个因素问题+对策，重心在原因分析中间：司机忽视交通法规交通阻塞，不平心静气地解决行人对交通法规意识淡漠其它原因……最后一段：拿方案（recommendation）First …… secondly…… （建议措施可以代替结论）不要每段列原因和对策，要集中，否则很难控制p5 task 3 小孩看电视benefits――risks――recommendation (将负面和建议衔接)p5 task 4 五大题型之二利与弊不要用more and more，用increasing(ly)(growing) large numbers ofclearly the benefits are perceived to outweigh the inevitabledifficulties involoved.四段：有利――不利――好的发扬，不好的除掉五．命题方式和基本的写作思路分解动作：1。
审题，问题是什么，理清思路。
缩小作文范围2．读者是谁diagram――大学老师，正式，不能出现“I”，essay――受过教育的人（在第一段和最后一段可以提到“我认为”，可以举自己的例子）3．图表作文写完后，要注意检查，看重要信息是否遗漏。
图表中，重要趋势的地方标记号。
4. essay, 注意语言，其次是内容。
语言质量的提高，主谓一致、时态、名词的单复数、（不）定冠词、搭配、拼写……P 8 题型在多大程度变题目，在多大程度统计学是重要的，变成，统计学是重要的吗？一些人认为必要……一些人认为没有必要……我自己认为（过去）现在题型有发展：1。
是必要的2．在多大程度你同意还是不同意3．在写的时候，应该忽略多大程度4．同意或不同意，单方面意见六．作业：（第6课最后）1．登月球，30多年历史，有人认为是浪费时间和金钱，就此进行讨论2．有人认为对待动物应该象对待宠物，另一些人认为动物是衣食来源，你的看法。