吉林大学2012年考博英语完形填空及答案
2012年吉大考博英语真题Word版
Part I Vocabulary and Structure (30%)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. Language, culture, and personality may be considered of each other in thought, butthey are inseparable in fact.A. indistinctlyB. separatelyC. inelevantlyD. independently2. The work was done in the of reforms in the economic, social and cultural spheres.A. contextB. contestC. pretextD. texture3. The dean tried to retain control of the situation on campus, but his attempt was by the board of trustees.A. approvedB. frustratedC. disclosedD. justified4. Some journalists are found of overstating the situation so that their news may create agreat .A. explosionB. sensationC. exaggeratingD. stimulation5. There was little, if any, evidence to substantiate the gossip and, there was little to disprove it.A. by the same tokenB. under the same conditionC. at the same stageD. for the same purpose6. Every chemical change either results from energy being used to produce the change, or causes energy to be in some form.A. given offB. put outC. set offD. used up7. The United Nation Law of the Sea Conference would soon produce an ocean-mining treaty following its declaration in 1970 that oceans were the heritage of mankind.A. unanimousB. abstractC. autonomousD. almighty8. This growth in the of diabetes is due, in part, to an increase in obesity.A. inferenceB. incidenceC. regulationD. repetition9. Preliminary estimation puts the figure at around ＄110 billion, the ＄160 billion the President is struggling to get through the Congress.A. in proportion toB. in reply toC. in relation toD. in contrast to10. France’s of nuclear testing in the South Pacitic last month triggered polltical debates and mass demonstrations.A. assumptionB. consumptionC. presumptionD. resumption11. The of a oultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people.A. implementationB. demonstcationC. manifestationD. expedition12. Reading the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read our.A. rectitiesB. prolongsC. minimizesD. furnishes13. Previous studies provoked because the used patients whose diagnosis was questionable.A. contrlbutionB. contractionC. controversyD. convergence14. Although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close .A. temperamentB. contaminationC. scrutinyD. symmetry15. I never said anything like that at all You are purposely my ideas to prove your points.A. revisingB. contradictingC. distortingD. distracting16. To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, companies must the qualities and varieties of their products to the world-market demand.A. forfeitB. enhanceC. guaranteeD. gear17.I was unaware of the critical points invoived, so my choice was quite .A. arbitraryB. rationalC. mechanicalD. unpredictable18. An important property of a scientific theory is its ability to further research and further thinking about a particular topic.A. stimulateB. renovateC. arouseD. advocate19. All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read letters from their families.A. affectionateB. sentimentalC. intimateD. sensitive20. Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just and needs proving.A. spontaneousB. hypotheticalC. intuitiveD. empirical21.The ceremony will as soon as the president arrives.A. commendB. complyC. confrontD. commence22. The barbarous aggressors grew more and more in slaughtering people and burning down their houses.A. amorphousB. ferociousC. audaciousD. egregious23. Some of the words employed by Shakespeare in his works have become and are no longer used in the present days.A. obsoleteB. obsceneC. obviousD. oblique24. Because of the economic slowdown, the government changed its policy to revenue by limiting commerce.A. disregardB. challengeC. diminishD. reject25. The spectators in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons slowly into the sky.A. descendingB. ascendingC. escalatingD. elevating26. An increasing proportion of our population, unable to live without advancedmedical , will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology.A. interferenceB. interruptionC. interventionD. interaction27. Several intemational events in the early 1990s seem likely to , or at least weaken,the trends that emerged in the 1980s.A. revoltB. revolveC. reverseD. revive28. Foreign disinvestments and the of South Africa from world capital markets after 1985 further weakened its economy.A. displacementB. eliminationC. exclusionD. exception29. We are moving towards a more and cooperative society ,which is getting better and better.A fraternalB emotionalC exclusionD illegal30. The student were about who their new teacher would be when thebell rang for their first class in the new semester.A. foreseeingB. speculatingC. fabricatingD. ponderingPart III Reading Comprehension (60%)Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.When a disease of epidemic proportions rips into the populace, scientists immediately get to work, trying to locate the source of the affliction and find ways to combat it. Oftentimes, success is achieved, as medical science is able to isolate the parasite, germ or cell that causes the problem and finds ways to effectively kill or contain it. In the most serious of cases, in which the entire population of a region or country may be at grave risk, it is deemed necessary to protect the entire population through vaccination, so as to safeguard lives and ensure that the disease will not spread.The process of vaccination allows the pat ient’s body to develop immunity to the virus or disease so that, if it is encountered, one can fight it off naturally. To accomplish this, a small weak or dead strain of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment, so that his body’s immune system can learn to fight the invader properly. Information on how to penetrate the disease’s defenses is transmitted to all elements of the patient’s immune system in a process that occurs naturally, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. This makes sure that, should the patient later come into contact with the real problem, his body is well equipped and trained to deal with it, having already done so before.There are dangers inherent in the process, however. On occasion, even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves too much for the body to handle, resulting in the immune case of the smallpox vaccine, designed to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly wiped out the entire Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers. Approximately 1 in 10,000 people who receives the vaccine contract the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Thus, if the entire population of the United States were to receive the Smallpox Vaccine today, 3000 Americans would be left dead.Fortunately, the smallpox virus was considered eradicated in the early 1970s, ending the mandatory vaccination of all babies in America In the event of a re-introduction of the disease, however, mandatory vaccinations may resume, resulting in more unexpected deaths from vaccination. The process, which is truly a blessing, may indeed hide some hidden cures.51. How do vaccines protect humans from diseases according to paragraph two?A. By passing information on how to fight the disease to the disease.B. By passing information on how to fight the disease to the immune system.C. By weakening the disease so that the immune system can defeat it.D. Introducing the disease to the body, so that survivors have already fought it.52. What does the example of the smallpox vaccine illustrate?A. The way that vaccines protect people from diseases.B. The effectiveness of vaccines in eradicating certain diseases.C. The practical use of a vaccine to control an epidemic disease.D. The possible negative outcome of administering vaccines.53. The author argues that vaccinations are both a blessing and a curse because .A. saving the many would not necessarily justify the death of the few.B. some vaccines, such as the smallpox vaccine, have negative side effects.C. they don’t always work.D. while many lives are saved, SOME ARE ACTUALLY KILLED BY THE VACCINT.54. The best title for the passage would be .A. “The Smallpox Vaccine: An Analysis”.B. “How Vaccines Work”.C. “Vaccines: Methods and Implications”.D. “A Warning on the Negative Side Effects of Vaccines”.55. The main purpose of the passage is to .A. convince the reader that vaccines are not as safe as many think.B. educate the reader on how vaccines are used and some of their dangers.C. educate the reader on the circumstances that would necessitate widespread vaccinations.D. present the method by which vaccines are used through the case of the smallpox vaccine. Passage TwoQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Few natural dangers are more feared than avalanches. Avalanches are a familiar part of European history, Particularly in the Swiss and French Alps. This is where the direction of wars has turned almost instantly because of avalanches wiping out invading armies.In North America, avalanches are limited almost entirely to the Rocky Mountains and the lower ranges to the west, the Sierra Nevadas and the Cascades. Avalanches have occurred in the mountains of New England but not with the regularity and intensity seen in the western mountains.Several methods are used in explaining and predicting avalanches. Scientists and learning about them using research methods. So many of the factors that create avalanches are hidden beneath the snow’s surface that predictions are still largely guesswork. Therefore, winter travelers must assume the worst of conditions when the traverse the slopes.An avalanche occurs when a given amount of snow becomes too heavy for whatever is holding it in place. It then breaks loose and slides downhill.Avalanches are divided into two general categories, loose snow and slab. A loose snow avalanche usually starts at a single point, such as a skier’s track, and spreads out like a fan or a pyramid in a chain reaction. One crystal breaks another free, which multiples as the loose snow moves downhill. Sometimes these avalanches stop after only a few feet. Sometimes they move thousands of tons of snow downhill in speeds up to 300 miles per hour. This creates a shock wave that can flatten parts of a forest that are not even touched by the actual avalanche.Slab avalanches are those that have a wide area of snow which breaks loose in a large piece. These can range in size from just a few square feel to thousands of square feet of snow. The most dangerous and common type of avalanche for skiers is the so-called “soft slab” avalanche. This type occurs most often during, or just after a heavy snowfall. The snow hasn’t yet had a chance to settle and adhere to the temperature, the less likely the new snow will form a bond with the existing snow.56. What would be the best title for this passage?A. AvalanchesB. The History of AvalanchesC. Skiers BewareD. Avalanches Can Kill57. According to the passage, how did avalanches affect wars?A. They hid the armies approaching the city aiding in the attack.B. They killed the armies approaching the city.C. They blocked paths into the city.D. They snowblinded the approaching armies.58. According to the passage, what must skiers assume about avalanches when skiing?A. They only have to worry after a heavy snowfall.B. Avalanches only occur in the Swiss or French Alps.C. They should always expect that an avalanche will occur.D. When skiing in New England, they will never have to worry about an avalanche.59. According to the passage, when is the most dangerous time for skiers?A. When the temperature is below 20 degrees F.B. Right before a snowstorm.C. During a snowstorm.D. In the winter.60. According to the passage, which factor causes an avalanche?A. The slope of the mountain.B. The size of the snowfall.C. The amount and intensity of movement around the snowfall.D. The weight of the snow.Passage ThreeQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and research contradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in these statements, but they also ignore deeper and more important relationships.Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at a research university because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college. Some professors, however, neglect teaching for research and that presents s problem.Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition is usually given for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching.A highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top students who want to be challenged but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. The mild professor gets overall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappointment on the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the system should present the greatest challenges. Thus, a university trying to promote professors primarily on the basis of teaching qualities would have to confront this confusion.As modern science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professors: one is the time needed to keep up with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach. The training of new scientists requires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the arts college.Althoughscientists are usually “made” in the elementary schools, scientists can be “lost” by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. The solution is not to separate teaching and research but to recognize that the combination is difficult but vital. The title of professor should be given only to those who profess and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those who profess and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professors unwilling to teach can be called “distinguished research investigators” of something else.The pace of modern science makes it increasingly difficult to be a great researcher and a great teacher. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we can separate teaching and research simply do not understand the system, but those who say the problem will disappear are not fulfilling their responsibilities.61. What idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?A. The relationship between teaching and research should not be simplified.B. Teaching and research are contradictory.C. Research can never be emphasized too much.D. It is wrong to overestimate the importance of teaching.62. In academic promotions research universities still attach more importance to research partly because .A. research improves the quality of teaching.B. students who want to be challenged appreciate research professors.C. professors with achievements in research are usually responsible and tough.D. it is difficult to evaluate teaching quality objectively.63. According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following will the author probably agree with?A. Distinguished professors at research universities should concentrate on research only.B. It is of utmost importance to improve teaching in elementary schools in order to train newscientists.C. The separation of teaching from research can lower the quality of future scientists.D. The rapid development of modern science makes it impossible to combine teaching withresearch.64. The title of professor should be given only to those who first and foremost do .A. scientific researchB. teachingC. field workD. investigation65. The phrase “the problem” (Line 4, Para. 5) refers to.A. raising the status of teaching.B. the separation of teaching from research.C. the combination of teaching with research.D. improving the status of research..Passage FourQuestions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage.Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create newjobs. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know, and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. This they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through The Stock Exchange. By doing so, they can put into circulation the savings of individuals and institutions, both at home and overseas.When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government or by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, this country could not function. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The Government, local authorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently needed to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they, too, come to The Stock Exchange.There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another, this new money must come from the savings of the country. The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.66. Almost all companies involved in new production and development must .A. rely on their financial resources.B. persuade the banks to provide long-term finance.C. borrow large sums of money from friends and people we know.D. depend on the population as a whole for finance.67. The money which enables these companies to go ahead with their projects is .A. repaid to its original owners as soon as possible.B. raised by the selling of shares in the companies.C. exchanges for part ownership in The Stock Exchange.D. invested in different companies on The Stock Exchange.68. When the savers want their money back they .A. ask another company to obtain their money for them.B. look for other people to borrow money from.C. put their shares in the company back on the market.D. transfer their money to a more successful company.69. All the essential services on which we depend are .A. run by the Government or our local authorities.B. in constant need of financial support.C. financed wholly by rates and taxes.D. unable to provide for the needs of the population.70. The Stock Exchange makes it possible for the Government, local authorities and nationalized industries .A. to borrow as much money as they wish.B. to make certain everybody saves money.C. to raise money to finance new developments.D. to make certain everybody lends money to them.Passage FiveQuestions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage.The producers of instant coffee found their product strongly resisted in the market places despite their manifest advantages. Furthermore, the advertising expenditure for instant coffee was far greater than that for regular coffee. Efforts were made to find the cause of the consumers’seemingly unreasonable resistance to the product. The reason given by most people was dislike for the taste. The producers suspected that there might be deeper reasons, however. This was confirmed by one of motivation research’s classic studies, one often cited in the trade. Mason Haire, of the University of California, constructed two shopping lists that were identical except for one item. There were six items common to both lists: hamburger, carrots, baking powder, bread, canned peaches and potatoes, with the brands or amounts specified. The seventh item, in the fifth place on both lists, read “I lb. Maxwell House coffee” on one list and “Nescafe instant coffee” on the other. One list was given to each person in a group of fifty women, and the other list to those in another group of the same size. The women were asked to study their lists and then to describe, as far as they could, the kind of woman ( “personality and character”) who would draw up that shopping list. Nearly half of those who had received the list including instant coffee described a housewife who was lazy and a poor planner. On the other hand, only one woman in the other group described the housewife, who had included regular coffee on her list, as lazy, only six of that group suggested that she was a poor planner. Eight women felt that the instant-coffee user was probably not a good wife! No one in the other group drew such a conclusion about the housewife who intended to buy regular coffee.71. The fact that producers found resistance to their product despite the fact that they spent more advertising money on instant than regular coffee shows that .A. advertising does not assure favorable sales results.B. companies spent more money on advertising than they should.C. people pay little attention to advertising.D. the more one advertises the better the sales picture.72. In this instance, the purpose of motivation research was to discover .A. why people drink coffee.B. why instant coffee did not taste good.C. why regular coffee was successful.D. the real reason why people would not buy instant coffee.73. This investigation indicated that .A. 50 per cent of housewives are lazy.B. housewives who use instant coffee are lazy.C. many women believe that wives who use instant coffee are lazy.D. wives who use regular coffee are good planners.74. On the results of this test, the producers probably revised their advertising to showa .A. lazy housewife using regular coffee.B. hard-working housewife using instant coffee.C. lazy housewife using instant coffee.D. man obviously enjoying the taste of instant coffee.75. Implied but not stated.A. Despite its advantages, most people disliked instant coffee because of its taste.B. The advertising expenditure for instant coffee was greater than that for regular coffee.C. Very often we do not know the real reasons for doing things.D. Taste is the principal factor in determining what we buy.Passage SixQuestions 76 to 80 are based on the following passage.In recent years, there has been an increasing awareness of the inadequacies of the judicial system in the United States. Costs are staggering both for the taxpayers and the litigants—and the litigants, of parties, have to wait sometimes many years before having their day in court. Many suggestions have been made concerning methods of ameliorating （改善）the situation, but as in most branches of government, changes come slowly.One suggestion that has been made in order to maximize the efficiency of the system is to allow districts that have an overabundance of pending cases to borrow judges from other districts that do not have such a backlog. Another suggestion is to use pretrial conferences, in which the judge meets in his chambers with the litigants and their attorneys in order to narrow the issues, limit the witnesses, and provide for a more orderly trial. The theory behind pretrial conferences is that judges will spend less time on each case and parties will more readily settle before trial when they realize the adequacy of their claims and their opponents’ evidence Unfo rtunately, at least one study has shown that pretrial conferences actually use more judicial time than they save, rarely result in pretrial settlements, and actually result in higher damage settlements.Many states have now established another method, small-claims courts, in which cases over small sums of money can be disposed of with considerable dispatch. Such proceedings cost the litigants almost nothing. In California, for example, the parties must appear before the judge without the assistance of counsel. The proceedings are quite informal and there is no pleading (辩护) —the litigants need to make only a one-sentence statement of their claim. By going to this type of court, the plaintiff (原告) waives (放弃) any right to a jury trial and the right to appeal the decision.76. The pretrial conference, in theory, is supposed to do all of the following except .A. narrow the issuesB. cause early settlementsC. save judicial timeD. increase settlement costs77. What is the main topic of the passage?A. A ll states should follow California’s example in using small-claims courts in order to freejudges for other work.B. The legislature needs to formulate fewer laws so that the judiciary can catch up on itsolder cases.C. Nobody seems to care enough to attempt to find methods for making the judicial systemmore efficient.。
2012年医学考博英语完型填空试题
2012年医学考博英语完型填空试题Part llI Cloze (10%)Directions: in this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks. For each blank, there are four choices marked a, b, c, and d list on the right side. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the answer sheet.Robert Spring, a 19th century forger, was so good at his profession that he was able to make his living for 15 years by selling false signatures of famous Americans. Spring was born in England in 1813 and ___1_____ in Philadelphia in 1858 to open a bookstore. At first he prospered by selling his small but ______2____ collection of early U.S. autographs. Discovering his ability at copying hand-writing，he began ____3____ signatures of George Washington and Ben Franklin and writing them on the title pages of old books. To lesson the chance of detection, he sent his forgeries to England and Canada for sale and___4____.Forgers have a hard time selling their produces. A forger can't approach a ___ 5 ____buyer must deal with people who don't have much knowledge in the field. Forgers have many ways to make their work look real. For example, they buy old books to usethe_____6___paper of the title page, and they can treat paper and ink with chemicals.In Spring's time,___7______ after the Civil War, Britain was still fond of the Southern state, so Spring ____ 8_____ a respectable maiden lady known as Miss Fanny Jackson, the only daughter of General" Stonewall" Jackson. For several years Miss Fanny's ____9 ____ problems forced her to sell a great number of letters and manuscripts belonging to her famous father. Spring had to work very hard to satisfy the demand. All this activity did not prevent Spring from dying in poverty, leaving sharp-eyed experts the difficult task of separating his forgeries fromthe__10_____.1. A. arrived B. migrated C. traveled D. moved2. A. excellent B. genuine C. false D. rare3. A. originating B. innovating C. designing D. imitating4. A. subscription B. retention C. circulation D. accumulation5. A. respectful B. respectable C. respective D. respecting6. A. rough B. fragile C. aged D. preserved7. A. right B. simply C. only D. mate8. A. invented B. discovered C. detected D. located9. A. lawful B. financial C. administrative D. criminal10. A. fakes B. realities C. originals D. duplicates参考答案1~5 BDDBB6~10 BBABC网编推荐：2013年考博英语词汇复习：/kaobo_yingyu_cihui.html 2013年考博英语备考指导：/product/PR000181考博英语怎么复习：/yingyu_fuxi.html考博英语真题汇总：/kaobo_zhenti.html。
最新版 考博英语完形填空30篇(附答案解析)
最新版考博英语完形填空30篇(附答案解析)（一）Mrs Brown had just finished cooking when she heard a knock at the door. She was __1__ because the postman and the milkman had already ___2__ there. She went into the ___3___ room and, pulling the curtain (窗帘) back a little, looked out of the window___4__who it was. A man was standing outside the front door.He was a tall man ___5__ an old man army coat and a big black hat pulled forward ___6__ his eyes, so that it was difficult to see his __7___ clearly. His shoes, Mrs Brown ___8__ , were old and dirty. He carried a small , black box in ___9__ hand.As she looked at him, Mrs Brown remembered stories she ___10__on the newspapers about old ladies who opened the door to __11__ , and were hit on __12__ head and had all their things __13__ . She felt rather frightened ( 害怕) . “ I’m not going to open the door, “ she said to herself. “If I __14__ , perhaps he’ll think there’s no one in and go away.” She let the cur tain fall back into place and watched.The man took out a bunch out of (一串) keys from his pocket and began to__15__ them one by one in the front door.1. A. careful B. serious C. interested D. surprised2. A. been B. gone C. passed D. stopped3. A. quiet B. front C. dark D. back4. A. to watch B. watching C. to see D. seeing5. A. wore B. wearing C. put on D. putting on6. A. over B. to C. on D. under7. A eyes B. head C. face D. shape8. A. said B. learnt C. recognized D. noticed9. A. the B. one C. / D. a10. A. has read B. was reading C. had read D. is reading11. A. strangers B. visitors C. people D. men12. A. / B. their C. her D. the13. A. gone B. lost C. taken away D. picked up14. A. do B. don’t C. will D. won’t15. A. put B. get C. push D. try( 二)Some people have very good memories, and can 1 learn quite long poems by___2__ . There are other people who can only __3__ things that they have said again and again.A __4__ memory is a great help in learning a language. __5__ learns his own language by remembering __6__ he hears when he is a small child. Some children__7__in their own country, and they seem to learn two languages ___8__ as easily as one. In school it is not so easy to learn __9__ foreign language because students have so __10 __time for it and they are busy with other lessons, too.A man’s mind is rather like a camera, but it takes photos not onl y __11__ what we see but also what we feel , hear, smell and taste. When we take a real photo__12__a camera, there is much to do when the photo is finished and __13__to show to our friends. In the same way there is much work __14__ before we can keep a picture__15__ in our minds.1. A. easy B. easily C. interesting D. interestingly2. A. heart B. mind C. memory D. attention3. A. notice B. recognize C. remember D. learn4. A. good B. poor C. rich D. bad5. A. Nobody B. Somebody C. Everybody D. Anybody6. A. that B. which C. / D. what7. A .live B. don’t live C. didn’t live D. lived8. A. almost B. mostly C. nearby D. hardly9. A. the B. this C. one D. a10. A. much B. little C. many D. few11. A. about B. at C. with D. of12. A. as B. for C. of D. with13. A. prepared B. ready C. clear D. sure14. A. to be done B. to be doing C. having been done D. being done15. A. up B. on C. ever D. forever（三）Some plays are so successful that they run for years on end. In many ways, this is __1__ for the poor actors who are required to go on repeating the same __2__ night after night. One would __3__ them to know their parts by heart and __4__ have cause to falter（结巴）. Yet __5__ is not always the case.A famous actor in a __6__successful play was once cast in the role of an aristocrat __7__ had been imprisoned in Bastille for twenty years. In the last act, a gaoler ( 监狱长，看守) would always come on to the stage with a letter which he would hand to the prisoner. __8__ the noble was expected to read the letter at each __9__ , he always insisted that it should be written out in full.One night, the gaoler decided to play a joke __10__ his colleague to find out if , after so many performances, he had managed to learn the __11__ of the letter by heart. The curtain went up on the final act of the play and revealed (使暴露) the aristocrat sitting alone behind bars in his dark cell. Just then, the gaoler __12___ with theprecious letter in his hands. He entered the __13__ and presented the letter to the aristocrat. But the copy he gave him had not been written out in __14__ as usual. It was simply a blank sheet of paper. The gaoler looked on eagerly, __15__ to see if his fellow actor had at last learnt his lines. The noble stared at the blank sheet of paper for a few seconds. Then, squinting (眯着眼看) his eyes, he said, “ The light is __16__. Read the letter to me.” And he promptly handed the sheet of paper to the gaoler.__17__ that he could not remember a word of the letter either, the gaoler replied,“ The light is indeed dim , sir. I must get my __18__ .” With this, he hurried off the stage. Much to the aristocrat’s __19__ , the gaoler returned a few moments later with a pair of glasses and the __20__ copy of the letter which he proceeded (继续进行) to read to the prisoner.1. A. fortunate B. unfortunate C. happy D. unhappy2. A. lines B. words C. plays D. roles3. A. want B. ask C. expect D. wish4. A. always B. never C. sometimes D. often5. A. such B. the thing C. one D. this6. A. highly B. high C. poorly D. poor7. A. where B. what C. which D. who8. A. Because B. Even though C. When D. Though9. A. play B. performance C. role D. case10. A. with B. in C. on D. to11. A. pages B. joke C. lines D. contents12. A. appeared B. disappointed C. came out D. came in13. A. room B. cell C. stage D. office14. A. English B. French C. order D. full15. A. worried B. surprised C. anxious D. afraid16. A. bright B. dim C. dark D. out17. A. To see B. To find C. Seeing D. Finding18. A. glasses B. lines C. light D. letters19. A. surprise B. satisfaction C. anger D. amusement20. A. usual B. old C. unusual D. new（四）A person may have an idea about himself that will prevent him from doing good work.He may have the belief that he is not capable (有能力的) of it. A child may think he is __1__ because he doesn’t understand how to make the __2__ of his mental faculties (才能). Older people may be mistaken that they are incapable of learning things new because of their __ 3__.A person who believe that he is incapable will not make a real __4__ because he feels that it would be useless. He won’t go at a job with confide nce necessary for__5__ , and he won’t work his hardest way, even though he may think he is doing so. He is __6__ likely to fail, and the failure will __7__ his belief in his competence (才能) .Alfred Alder, a famous doctor, had __8__ like this. When he was a small boy, hehad a poor __9__ in maths. His teacher told his parents he had no ability in maths in order that they would not __10__ too much of him. In this way, they two __11__ the idea. He accepted __12__ mistaken thinking of his ability, felt that it was useless to __13__ and was very poor at maths, __14__ as they expected.One day he worked at a problem which __15__ of the other students had been able to solve.Alder __16__ in solving the problem. This gave him confidence (信心). He now__17__ with interest, determination and purpose, and he soon became especially good at __18__. He not only proved that he could learn maths well, but luckily he learned __19__ in his life from his own experience that if a person goes at a job with determination and purpose, he may __20__ himself as well as others by his ability.1. A. clever B. shy C. useless D. stupid2. A. biggest B. most C. highest D. deepest3. A. ability B. age C. brain D. knowledge4. A. decision B. success C. effort D. trouble5. A. work B. study C. improvement D. success6. A. truly B. really C. however D. therefore7. A. lead to B. strengthen C. increase D. add to8. A. an experience B. an example C. a thought D. a story9. A. state B. mind C. start D. ending10. A. blame B. expect C. get D. win11. A. developed B. organized C. discovered D. found12. A. his B. her C. its D. their13. A. manage B. succeed C. try D. act14. A. only B. almost C. just D. then15. A. none B. no C. no one D. nobody16. A. gave B. succeeded C. failed D. believed17. A. lived B. worked C. played D. graduated18. A. lessons B. medicine C. subjects D. maths19. A. early B. deeply C. late D. simply20. A. encourage B. love C. astonish D. disappoint（五）Bedtime stories are one of the delights of early childhood. But according to Dr. Julie Spreadbury from Queensland University, parents should not __1__ up reading to their children__2__they enter primary school. She says listening to, reading and discussing the stories help children's__3__.“My__4__ indicates that once children can read themselves, most parent stop reading__5__them,” Dr. Spreadbury says.“__6__may be at the end of year 1,which is far too__7__.”Dr. Spreadbury says __8_reading not only gives children a good start at school. But brings parents and children closer.“This makes it __9__for them to open up and talk to parents about things that worrying them, or things the y are __10__ in their everyday life.”1. A. speed B. keep C. give D. hold2. A. after B. until C. if D. unless3. A. thinking B. comprehension C. relaxation D. development4. A. theory B. research C. story D. decision5. A. about B. from C. to D. through6. A. Some B. Most C. They D. That7. A. difficult B. early C. much D. informal8. A. daily B. healthy C. fast D. bedtime9. A. easier B. funnier C. rarer D. clearer10. A. reading B. promising C. celebrating D. receiving（六）Chinese scientists are again becoming excited about the fact that a large hairy animal may live in central China. Now they hope it won't be too long before they are able to __1__its existence. Their confidence is the __2__of a new discovery of the mystery animal in Hubei Province.Ten Chinese __3__, enjoying a holiday in a National Forest Park, were driving down a road. As their bus turned a corner, the men were suddenly __4_by what they saw. Three__5_animals, covered with long black hair, were crossing the road. On seeing the animal, the engineers immediately stopped and __6_them. __7__, when they saw how the animals moved through the forest with great__8__ and strength, they did not dare to follow any further.The men did not take any __9__. However, scientists are__10__ by the discovery, because the engineers were all very educated people and scientists feel they can__11__ What they described.After the discovery, scientists returned to the forest and__12__some hair and measured footprints. About 20 inches appears to be the animal's foot！Chinese scientists have now set up a special group to exchange information and makea__13__of the forest. But in the meantime, some people__14__to believe that this half-man, half-monkey exists. They will not believe that it is __15_until one of the animals have been caught.1. A. prove B. analyze C. protect D. check2. A. basis B. requirement C. result D. preparation3. A. travelers B. engineers C. scientists D. explorers4. A. frightened B. amazed C. upset D. inspired5. A. trained B. projected C. tall D. violent6. A. shot at B. looked at C. fought with D. ran after7. A. However B. Indeed C. Meanwhile D. Anyway8. A. difficulty B. speed C. care D. pleasure9. A. bullets B. tools C. medicines D.photographs10. A. surprised B. delighted C. disturbed D. supported11. A. rely on B. deal with C. write down D. pass on12. A. cut B. pulled C. collected D. tore13. A. film B. tour C. choice D. study14. A. come B. refuse C. prefer D. have15. A. wrong B. alive C. real D. correct（七）Our airplane was just beside the airport building. It did not look too strong to me, but I decided not to think about such things. We saw the baggage going out __1__it on trolleys and being loaded from __2__ the aircraft. Next, three men and three girls, all in uniform, went over to the plane and __3__ it. Over the loudspeakers we were__4__ the plane was ready to leave and were asked to walk __5__ to it. Everybody moved quickly in order to __6__ the seats they wanted. I was __7___ to get a seat near the tail, but the plane looked __8__ inside than it had from outside. I fastened my seat belt __9___ we took off and tried to __10__ my nervousness.After an hour's flying I __11__ black clouds ahead through my window. An electric sign flashed __12__: “Fasten your seat belts, please, ” and one of the hostesses made a __13__ request over the loudspeakers. She told us we were about to fly into a storm but __14__ cheerfully there was nothing to worry __15___. Suddenly, the plane __16__ all over, dropped about twenty feet and seemed to hang on one__17__. Then it rose twenty feet and there was a great flash of lightning. The three girls did their best to __18__ pills for airsickness and __19__ the passengers. Soon the sky became light again. The pilot had __20__ to get above the storm.1. A．at B．over C．to D．above 2．A．inside B．beside C．behind D．under 3．A．arrived B．entered C．climbed D．flew 4．A．asked B．noticed C．announced D．told 5．A．out B．inside C．in D．by 6．A．fetch B．hold C．keep D．get 7．A．impossible B．possible C．unable D．unsuitable 8．A．prettier B．stronger C．smaller D．heavier 9．A．before B．after C．until D．when 10．A．smooth B．forget C．correct D．drive 11．A．noticed B．looked C．watched D．realized 12．A．on B．up C．out D．in 13．A．general B．similar C．common D．sharp 14．A．smiled B．spoke C．addedD．acted15．A．at B．about C．on D．with 16．A．shake B．shaken C．shook D．shocked 17．A．edge B．line C．side D．wing 18．A．give out B．give off C．give up D．give back 19．A．save B．cool C．persuade D．comfort 20．A．succeeded B．flown C．planned D．managed （八）More and more students want to study in “ hot majors (专攻课程). __1___ a result , many students want to __2___ their interests and study in these __3__ such asforeign languages , international business and law , etc.Fewer and fewer students choose scientific majors, __4__ maths ,physics, and biology, and art majors, __5__ history, Chinese and philosophy. (哲学). __6__ students can study in these “hot” majors, because the number of these “hot” majors __7__limitedIf one __8__ interest in his work or study, __9__ can he do well? I __10__ this from one of my classmates. He is __11__ the countryside. His parents are farmers. Though he __ 12__ biology, he c hose “international business.” He __13__ to live a life which is different __14__ of his parents.In the end, he found he __15__ in doing business. He found all the subjects to be __16__.__17__ this wouldn’t have happened if he had chosen his major ac cording to his own interests.Choosing a major in university __18__ decide one’s whole life. Majors __19__ are not “hot” today may become the “hot” major of tomorrow. Choosing your major according to your own __20__ is the best way to succeed.1. A. Being B. For C. Having D. As2. A. give up B. appear C. give D. master3. A. place B. room C. areas D. space4. A. for example B. such as C. and so on D. as a result5. A. even B. like C. just D. or6. A. Only a few B. Quite a lot C. Perhaps few D. Many7. A. is B. are C. would be D. have been8. A. had to B. had C. has no D. has9. A. why B. and what C.. how D. and how10. A. suggested B. guessed C. searched D. learned11. A. out of B. off C. in D. from12. A. studies B. likes C. learns D. succeeds to study13. A. wants B. doesn’t want to C. enjoys D. doesn’t like14. A. from which B. from that C. for which D. for that15.A. was interested B. was clever C. was not interested D. was not clever16. A.. lovely B. rare C. obvious D. tiresome17. A. so B. Then C. Just then D. Maybe18. A. can B. does not C. probably D. perhaps not to19. A. on which B. in which C. which D./20. A. interests B. experience C. mind D. heart（九）Mary was seven years old. Her parents had recently moved to a new town, and so Mary was going to a __1__ school, which was a few kilometers from the house theylived now. A school bus going around picked up __2__ every morning and brought them back to their __3__ every afternoon , and as both of Mary’s parents __4__ to goto work , she always went on this bus. She had to be at a __5__ twenty metres fromher front door by half past eight every day and the __6__ was usually on time.Mary’s parents always __7__ their alarm clock every morning so that none ofthem would be __8__ . But one morning the alarm __ 9__ to go off, and it was not tilla quarter past eight that Mary’s mother suddenly woke up, looked __10__ the clockand said, “ What’s ever happened to that clock?” and then __11__ into Mary’s room. Mary was fast asleep, __12__ her mother woke her up and told her to get ready for school.“I’m __13__ , dear,” she said, “but you’ll have to wash and __14__ very quickly, have an even quicker breakf ast and then I’ll __15__ you to school on my way to the office.”“But how can you __16__ the way, Mum?” Mary said “You’ve only been to school once.”“Yes,” her mother answered, “but you’ve done the __17__ several times now inthe bus, so you can be by __18__ to get there, can’t you?”“Oh, yes, “ said Mary, “I suppose __19__.” She washed, and dressed and had a quick breakfast, and then they set off. Mary told her mother to __20__ each time they came to a place she recognized. In this way she made her mother drive round __21__of the town before they got to her school. When they arrived , her mother __22__ that it was not really very far from her house.“Why ever did you make me go such a long way round, Mary, instead of the most __23__ way?” her mother asked her.“Well, Mum,” answered Mary, “it was because I didn’t know how else to get__24__ . That’s the way our bus __25__ goes to pick up the ot her children on the way to school.1. A. big B. nice C. different D. primary2. A. pupils B. teachers C. parents D. passengers3. A. streets B. towns C. classrooms D. homes4. A. wanted B. had C. decided D. started5. A. shop B. road C. stop D. corner6. A. bus B. class C. school D. girl7. A. found B. set C. remembered D. fixed8. A. late B. early C. lazy D. asleep9. A. started B. stopped C. failed D. continued10. A. for B. up C. into D. at11. A. broke B. hurried C. walked D. went12. A. but B. and C. so D. then13. A. regretful B. careless C. unhappy D. sorry14. A. go B. get up C. dress D. run15. A. carry B. pick C. drop D. drive16. A. know B. find C. realize D. learn17. A. homework B. job C. trip D. driving18. A. guide B. driver C. partner D. teacher19. A. this B. that C. not D. so20. A. speed B. turn C. think D. stop21. A. part B. some C. outside D. most22. A. saw B. thought C. said D. heard23. A. easiest B. straight C. correct D. direct24. A. here B. there C. home D. back25. A. sometimes B. always C. never D. seldom （十）Many people who work in London prefer to live outside it, and to go into their offices, factories or schools every day by train, car or bus, even though this means they have to get up __1__ in the morning and reach __2__ later in the evening.One benefit of living outside London is __3__ houses are __4__ . Even a small flat in London __5__ a garden costs quite a lot __6__ . With the same money, one can get a little house in the country with a garden of __7__own.Then, in the country one can be __8__ from the noise and hurry of the town. Although one has to __9__ earlier and spend more time in trains or buses, one can sleep __10__ at night , and , during weekends and __11__ summer evenings, one can enjoy the __12__ , clean air of the country . If one __13__ gardens, one can spend one’s __14__ time digging, planting, watering and doing a hundred and one other jobs which __15__ in the garden. Then , when the flowers and vegetables __16__ , one has the reward of a person __17__ has the secrets of __18__.Some people , however, take__19__ in country things; for them ,, __20__ lies in the town, with its cinema and theatres, because of shops and busy streets, dance—halls and restaurants. Such people would __21__ that their life was not worth __22__ if they had to live __23__ outside London. A walk in one of the parks and a visit __24__ the sea every summer is all the country __25__.1. A. at 8 o’clock B. early C. earlier D. earliest2. A. home B. family C. flat D. house3. A. because B. that C. the D. all4. A .cleaner B. nicer C. bigger D. cheaper5. A. with B. without C. near D. opposite6. A. money B. to lend C. to borrow D. to rent7. A. it’s B. its C. one’s D. their8. A. free B. far C. out D. absent9. A. return home B. get up C. go to bed D. go to sleep10. A. little B. less C. longer D. better11. A. on B. for C. at D. by12. A. cold B. warm C. fresh D. pleasant13. A. pleases B. likes C. wants D. interests14. A. day B. rest C. spare D.whole15. A. need B. needed C. are needing D. are needed16. A. come on B. come to C. come up D. come over17. A. who B. whom C. whose D. which18. A. mankind B. society C. science D. nature19. A. not interest B. an interest C. much interest D. great interest20. A. health B. happiness C. wealth D. future21. A. know B. feel C. understand D. hope22. A. to live B. to spend C. living ` D. spending23. A. it B. life C. this D. that24. A. for B. to C. of D. at25. A. hope B. wish C. ask D. want（十一）Soon it would be the holidays, but before that, there were year exams. All the1_____ had been working hard for some time, reviewing their lessons for the exams. If they didn’t 2_____, they would have to retake them in September. There were usually a few who 3_____, but Jane didn’t want to be one of them. She had worked hard all year, 4_____ just before the exams she was working so hard that her sister Barbara was 5_____ about her. She went to bed too 6_____. The night before the first exam, Barbara 7____ that she have an early night and take a 8____ pill（药丸）. She promised to wake 9_____up in the morning.As she was falling asleep, Jane was afraid that she might oversleep. Her 10_____ kept jumping from subject to subject. At last, with the help of 11____, she went to sleep. In no time at all, she was sitting in the examination hall, looking at the examination 12_____, but she couldn’t answer any of the questions. 13_____ around her was writing pages and gages. 14_____ she thought hard, she couldn’t find anything to write 15_____. She kept looking at her 16_____. Time was running out. There was only an hour to go. She started one question, wrote two sentences, 17_____ and tried another one. With only half an hour left she wrote another two sentences. By this time she was so worried that she started 18____. Her whole body shook. It shook so much that she 19____ up. She was still in bed and it had all been a 20_____ dream.A minute later, Barbara called her name.1. A. teachers B. students C. classmates D. schools2. A. prepare B. miss C. join D. pass3. A. succeeded B. failed C. ended D. called4. A. but B. so C. and D. because5. A. excited B. frightened C. worried D. pleased6. A. early B. late C. heavily D. eagerly7. A. insisted B. hoped C. ordered D. wished8. A. sleeping B. resting C. exciting D. breathing9. A. him B. her C. them D. herself10.A. hand B. eye C. mind D. body11.A. her sister B. her parents C. the lessons D. the medicine12.A. result B. marks C. desk D. paper13.A. The teacher B. The students C. No one D. Everyone14.A.If B. Though C. So D. How15.A. with B. about C. on D. to16.A. watch B. textbook C. sister D. subject17.A. gave up B. put off C. look around D. think over18.A. examining B. leaving C. copying D. crying19.A. raised B. woke C. stood D. cheered20.A. nice B. wonderful C. terrible D. special答案简析：1、选B。
吉林大学考博英语2012年真题.doc
吉林大学考博英语2012年真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary an(总题数：30，分数：30.00)nguage, culture, and personality may be considered ______ of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.（分数：1.00）A.indistinctB.separateC.irrelevantD.independent2.The work was done in the ______ of reforms in the economic, social and cultural spheres.（分数：1.00）A.contextB.contestC.pretextD.texture3.The dean tried to retain control of the situation on campus, but his attempt was ______ by the board of trustees.（分数：1.00）A.approvedB.frustratedC.disclosedD.justified4.Some journalists are fond of overstating the situation so that their news may create a great ______.（分数：1.00）A.explosionB.sensationC.exaggeratingD.stimulation5.There was little, if any, evidence to substantiate the gossip and, ______ there was little to disprove it.（分数：1.00）A.by the same tokenB.under the same conditionC.at the same stageD.for the same purpose6.Every chemical change either results from energy being used to produce the change, or causes energy to be ______ in some form.（分数：1.00）A.given offB.put outC.set offed up7.The United Nations Conferences on the Law of the sea would soon produce an ocean-mining treaty following its ______ declaration in 1970 that oceans were the heritage of mankind.（分数：1.00）A.unanimousB.abstractC.autonomousD.almighty8.This growth in the ______ of diabetes is due, in part, to an increase in obesity.（分数：1.00）A.inferenceB.incidenceC.regulationD.repetition9.Preliminary estimation puts the figure at around $110 billion, ______ the $160 billion the President is struggling to get through the Congress.（分数：1.00）A.in proportion toB.in reply toC.in relation toD.in contrast to10.France"s ______ of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations.（分数：1.00）A.assumptionB.consumptionC.presumptionD.resumption11.The ______ of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people.（分数：1.00）A.implementationB.demonstrationC.manifestationD.expedition12.Reading ______ the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read ours.（分数：1.00）A.rectifiesB.prolongsC.minimizesD.furnishes13.Previous studies provoked ______ because they used patients whose diagnosis was questionable.（分数：1.00）A.contributionB.contractionC.controversyD.convergence14.Although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close ______.（分数：1.00）A.temperamentB.contaminationC.scrutinyD.symmetry15.I never said anything like that at all. You are purposely ______ my ideas to prove your points.（分数：1.00）A.revisingB.contradictingC.distortingD.distracting16.To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, companies must ______ the qualities and varieties of their products to the world-market demand.（分数：1.00）A.forfeitB.enhanceC.guaranteeD.gear17.I was unaware of the critical points involved, so my choice was quite ______.（分数：1.00）A.arbitraryB.rationalC.mechanicalD.unpredictable18.An important property of a scientific theory is its ability to ______ further research and further thinking about a particular topic.（分数：1.00）A.stimulateB.renovateC.arouseD.advocate19.All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read ______ letters from their families.（分数：1.00）A.affectionateB.sentimentalC.intimateD.sensitive20.Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just ______ and needs proving.（分数：1.00）A.spontaneousB.hypotheticalC.intuitiveD.empirical21.The ceremony will ______ as soon as the president arrives.（分数：1.00）mendplyC.confrontmence22.The barbarous aggressors grew more and more ______ in slaughtering people and burning down their houses.（分数：1.00）A.amorphousB.ferociousC.audaciousD.egregious23.Some of the words employed by Shakespeare in his works have become ______ and are no longer used in the present days.（分数：1.00）A.obsoleteB.obsceneC.obviousD.oblique24.Because of the economic slowdown, the government changed its policy to ______ revenue by limiting commerce.（分数：1.00）A.disregardB.challengeC.diminishD.reject25.The spectators in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons ______ slowly into the sky.（分数：1.00）B.ascendingC.escalatingD.elevating26.An increasing proportion of our population, unable to live without advanced medical ______, will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology.（分数：1.00）A.interferenceB.interruptionC.interventionD.interaction27.Several international events in the early 1990s seem likely to ______, or at least weaken, the trends that emerged in the 1980s.（分数：1.00）A.revoltB.revolveC.reverseD.revive28.Foreign disinvestment and the ______ of South Africa from world capital markets after 1985 further weakened its economy.（分数：1.00）A.displacementB.eliminationC.exclusionD.exception29.We are moving towards a more ______ and cooperative society, which is getting better and better.（分数：1.00）A.fraternalB.emotionalC.accidentalD.illegal30.The students were ______ about who their new teacher would be when the bell rang for their first class in the new semester.（分数：1.00）A.foreseeingB.speculatingC.fabricatingD.pondering二、Part Ⅱ Cloze(总题数：1，分数：10.00)New research from Australia supports the belief that many pet owners have—it shows that pets are good for your health. The 1 of this new study suggest that people who have pets are 2 less risk from heart disease than 3 who do not.Ironically this 4 study on pets was intended to 5 the myth that pets are good for your health. Earlier research 6 the benefits of owning pets received a lot of 7 , but the results were not good enough to 8 the more skeptical doctors. The new research was carried 9 over three years and examined 6000 people, the largest group yet involved in 10 a study. They took tests that measured a 11 of different factors known to be 12 in heart disease— 13 and blood levels of cholesterol (胆固醇) and triglyceride (甘油三酸酯). 14 , people were asked about their lifestyles.The 800 people who owned pets had 15 levels on each of the factors 16 than those who did not own pets. The differences were even greater than those found in similar studies on people who 17 to vegetarian diets or took 18 exercise. The study also showed that it did not matter 19 kind of pet was owned—a cat was as good as a dog—so the benefits could not be attributed 20 the exercise involved in walking a dog.（分数：10.00）B.conclusionsC.indicationsD.signsA.inB.onC.atD.ofA.othersB.onesC.theseD.thoseteterttertestA.exploreB.explodeC.exploitD.expressA.aboutB.inC.onD.ofA.publicityB.publicC.publicanD.publicationA.consultB.convertC.convictD.convinceA.onB.outC.throughD.forA.soB.suchC.howD.whatA.kindB.sortC.varietyD.differenceA.includingB.involvingC.includedD.involvedA.blood pressureC.indigestionD.high feverA.HoweverB.AlsoC.ThereforeD.SoA.similarB.sameC.lowerD.fewerA.calculatedB.testedC.mentionedD.measuredA.switchedB.shutC.ateD.directedA.inB.outC.upD.overA.whatB.whichC..aD.theA.throughB.toC.byD.for三、Part Ⅲ Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When a disease of epidemic proportions rips into the populace, scientists immediately get to work, trying to locate the source of the affliction and find ways to combat it. Oftentimes, success is achieved, as medical science is able to isolate the parasite, germ or cell that causes the problem and finds ways to effectively kill or contain it. In the most serious of cases, in which the entire population of a region or country may be at grave risk, it is deemed necessary to protect the entire population through vaccination, so as to safeguard lives and ensure that the disease will not spread.The process of vaccination allows the patient"s body to develop immunity to the virus or disease so that, if it is encountered, one can fight it off naturally. To accomplish this, a small weak or dead strain of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment, so that his body"s immune system can learn to fight the invader properly. Information on how to penetrate the disease"s defenses is transmitted to all elements of the patient"s immune system in a process that occurs naturally, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. This makes sure that, should the patient later come into contact with the real problem, his body is well equipped and trained to deal with it, having already done so before.There are dangers inherent in the process, however. On occasion, even the weakened version ofthe disease contained in the vaccine proves too much for the body to handle, resulting in the immune system succumbing, and, therefore, the patient"s death. Such is the case of the smallpox vaccine, designed to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly wiped out the entire Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers. Approximately 1 in 10,000 people who receives the vaccine contract the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Thus, if the entire population of the United States were to receive the Smallpox Vaccine today, 3000 Americans would be left dead.Fortunately, the smallpox virus was considered eradicated in the early 1970"s, ending the mandatory vaccination of all babies in America. In the event of a re-introduction of the disease, however, mandatory vaccinations may resume, resulting in more unexpected deaths from vaccination. The process, which is truly a blessing, may indeed hide some hidden cures.（分数：10.00）(1).How do vaccines protect humans from diseases according to Paragraph Two?（分数：2.00）A.By training the immune system to fight weaker versions of the diseaseB.By passing information on how to fight the disease to the immune systemC.By weakening the disease so that the immune system can defeat itD.Introducing the disease to the body, so that survivors have already fought it(2).What does the example of the smallpox vaccine illustrate?（分数：2.00）A.The way that vaccines protect people from diseasesB.The effectiveness of vaccines in eradicating certain diseasesC.The practical use of a vaccine to control an epidemic diseaseD.The possible negative outcome of administering vaccines(3).The author argues that vaccinations are both a blessing and a curse because ______.（分数：2.00）A.saving the many would not necessarily justify the death of the fewB.some vaccines, such as the smallpox vaccine, have negative side effectsC.they don"t always workD.while many lives are saved, some are actually killed by the vaccine(4).The best title for the passage would be ______.（分数：2.00）A."The Smallpox Vaccine: An Analysis"B."How Vaccines Work"C."Vaccines: Methods and Implications"D."A Warning on the Negative Side Effects of Vaccines"(5).The main purpose of the passage is to ______.（分数：2.00）A.convince the reader that vaccines are not as safe as many thinkcate the reader on how vaccines are used and some of their dangerscate the reader on the circumstances that would necessitate widespread vaccinationsD.present the method by which vaccines are used through the case of the smallpox vaccine五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Few natural dangers are more feared than avalanches. Avalanches are a familiar part of European history. Particularly in the Swiss and French Alps. This is where the direction of wars has turned almost instantly because of avalanches wiping out invading armies.In North America, avalanches are limited almost entirely to the Rocky Mountains and the lower ranges to the west, the Sierra Nevadas and the Cascades. Avalanches have occurred in the mountains of New England but not with the regularity and intensity seen in the western mountains. Several methods are used in explaining and predicting avalanches. Scientists are learning about them using research methods. So many of the factors that create avalanches are hidden beneath the snow"s surface that predictions are still largely guesswork. Therefore, winter travelers must assume the worst of conditions when they traverse the slopes.An avalanche occurs when a given amount of snow becomes too heavy for whatever is holding it inplace. It then breaks loose and slides downhill.Avalanches are divided into two general categories, loose snow and slab. A loose snow avalanche usually starts at a single point, such as a skier"s track, and spreads out like a fan or a pyramid in a chain reaction. One crystal breaks another free, which multiples as the loose snow moves downhill. Sometimes these avalanches stop after only a few feet. Sometimes they move thousands of tons of snow downhill in speeds up to 300 miles per hour. This creates a shock wave that can flatten parts of a forest that are not even touched by the actual avalanche.Stab avalanches are those that have a wide area of snow which breaks loose in a large piece. These can range in size from just a few square feel to thousands of square feet of snow. The most dangerous and common type of avalanche for skiers is the so-called "soft slab" avalanche. This type occurs most often during, or just after a heavy snowfall. The snow hasn"t yet had a chance to settle and adhere to the existing snow. The heavier and the wetter the snow and the colder the temperature, the less likely the new snow will form a bond with the existing snow.（分数：10.00）(1).What would be the best title for this passage?（分数：2.00）A.AvalanchesB.The History of AvalanchesC.Skiers BewareD.Avalanches Can Kill(2).According to the passage, how did avalanches affect wars?（分数：2.00）A.They hid the armies approaching the city aiding in the attackB.They killed the armies approaching the cityC.They blocked paths into the cityD.They snowblinded the approaching armies(3).According to the passage, what must skiers assume about avalanches when skiing?（分数：2.00）A.They only have to worry after a heavy snowfallB.Avalanches only occur in the Swiss or French AlpsC.They should always expect that an avalanche will occurD.When skiing in New England, they will never have to worry about an avalanche(4).According to the passage, when is the most dangerous time for skiers?（分数：2.00）A.When the temperature is below 20 degrees FB.Right before a snowstormC.During a snowstormD.In the winter(5).According to the passage, which factor causes an avalanche?（分数：2.00）A.The slope of the mountainB.The size of the snowfallC.The amount and intensity of movement around the snowfallD.The weight of the snow六、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and research contradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in these statements, but they also ignore deeper and more important relationships.Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at a research university because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college. Some professors, however, neglect teaching for research and that presents s problem.Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition is usually given for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching.A highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top students who want to bechallenged but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. The mild professor gets overall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappointment on the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the system should present the greatest challenges. Thus, a university trying to promote professors primarily on the basis of teaching qualities would have to confront this confusion.As modem science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professors: one is the time needed to keep up with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach. The training of new scientists requires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the arts college. Although scientists are usually "made" in the elementary schools, scientists can be "lost" by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. The solution is not to separate teaching and research but to recognize that the combination is difficult but vital. The title of professor should be given only to those who profess and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professors unwilling to teach can be called "distinguished research investigators" of something else.The pace of modem science makes it increasingly difficult to be a great researcher and a great teacher. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we can separate teaching and research simply do not understand the system, but those who say the problem will disappear are not fulfilling their responsibilities.（分数：10.00）(1).What idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.The relationship between teaching and research should not be simplifiedB.Teaching and research are contradictoryC.Research can never be emphasized too muchD.It is wrong to overestimate the importance of teaching(2).In academic promotions research universities still attach more importance to research partly because ______.（分数：2.00）A.research improves the quality of teachingB.students who want to be challenged appreciate research professorsC.professors with achievements in research are usually responsible and toughD.it is difficult to evaluate teaching quality objectively(3).According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following will the author probably agree with?（分数：2.00）A.Distinguished professors at research universities should concentrate on research onlyB.It is of utmost importance to improve teaching in elementary schools in order to train new scientistsC.The separation of teaching from research can lower the quality of future scientistsD.The rapid development of modern science makes it impossible to combine teaching with research(4).The title of professor should be given only to those who first and foremost do ______.（分数：2.00）A.scientific researchB.teachingC.field workD.investigation(5).The phrase "the problem" (Line 3, Para. 5) refers to ______.（分数：2.00）A.raising the status of teachingB.the separation of teaching from researchC.the combination of teaching with researchD.improving the status of research七、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know, and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. This they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through The Stock Exchange. By doing so, they can put into circulation the savings of individuals and institutions, both at home and overseas.When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government or by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, this country could not function. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The Government, local authorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently needed to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they, too, come to The Stock Exchange. There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another, this new money must come from the savings of the country. The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.（分数：10.00）(1).Almost all companies involved in new production and development must ______.（分数：2.00）A.rely on their financial resourcesB.persuade the banks to provide long-term financeC.borrow large sums of money from friends and people we knowD.depend on the population as a whole for finance(2).The money which enables these companies to go ahead with their projects is ______.（分数：2.00）A.repaid to its original owners as soon as possibleB.raised by the selling of shares in the companiesC.exchanges for part ownership in The Stock ExchangeD.invested in different companies on The Stock Exchange(3).When the savers want their money back they ______.（分数：2.00）A.ask another company to obtain their money for themB.look for other people to borrow money fromC.put their shares in the company hack on the marketD.transfer their money to a more successful company(4).All the essential services on which we depend are ______.（分数：2.00）A.run by the Government or our local authoritiesB.in constant need of financial supportC.financed wholly by rates and taxesD.unable to provide for the needs of the population(5).The Stock Exchange makes it possible for the Government, local authorities and nationalized industries ______.（分数：2.00）A.to borrow as much money as they wishB.to make certain everybody saves moneyC.to raise money to finance new developmentsD.to make certain everybody lends money to them八、Passage Five(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The producers of instant coffee found their product strongly resisted in the market places despite their manifest advantages. Furthermore, the advertising expenditure for instant coffee was far greater than that for regular coffee. Efforts were made to find the cause of the consumers" seemingly unreasonable resistance to the product. The reason given by most people was dislike for the taste. The producers suspected that there might be deeper reasons, however. This was confirmed by one of motivation research"s classic studies, one often cited in the trade. Mason Haire, of the University of California, constructed two shopping lists that were identical except for one item. There were six items common to both lists: hamburger, carrots, baking powder, bread, canned peaches and potatoes, with the brands or amounts specified. The seventh item, in the fifth place on both lists, read "I lb. Maxwell House coffee" on one list and "Nescafe instant coffee" on the other. One list was given to each person in a group of fifty women, and the other list to those in another group of the same size. The women were asked to study their lists and then to describe, as far as they could, the kind of woman ("personality and character") who would draw up that shopping list. Nearly half of those who had received the list including instant coffee described a housewife who was lazy and a poor planner. On the other hand, only one woman in the other group described the housewife, who had included regular coffee on her list, as lazy, only six of that group suggested that she was a poor planner. Eight women felt that the instant-coffee user was probably not a good wife! No one in the other group drew such a conclusion about the housewife who intended to buy regular coffee.（分数：10.00）(1).The fact that producers found resistance to their product despite the fact that they spent more advertising money on instant than regular coffee shows that ______.（分数：2.00）A.advertising does not assure favorable sales resultspanies spent more money on advertising than they shouldC.people pay little attention to advertisingD.the more one advertises the better the sales picture(2).In this instance, the purpose of motivation research was to discover ______.（分数：2.00）A.why people drink coffeeB.why instant coffee did not taste goodC.why regular coffee was successfulD.the real reason why people would not buy instant coffee(3).This investigation indicated that ______.（分数：2.00）A.50 per cent of housewives are lazyB.housewives who use instant coffee are lazyC.many women believe that wives who use instant coffee are lazyD.wives who use regular coffee are good planners(4).On the results of this test, the producers probably revised their advertising to show a ______.（分数：2.00）zy housewife using regular coffeeB.hard-working housewife using instant coffeezy housewife using instant coffeeD.man obviously enjoying the taste of instant coffee(5).Which of the following is implied but not stated?（分数：2.00）A.Despite its advantages, most people disliked instant coffee because of its tasteB.The advertising expenditure for instant coffee was greater than that for regular coffeeC.Very often we do not know the real reasons for doing thingsD.Taste is the principal factor in determining what we buy九、Passage Six(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In recent years, there has been an increasing awareness of the inadequacies of the judicial system in the United States. Costs are staggering both for the taxpayers and the litigants—and the litigants, or parties, have to wait sometimes many years before having their day in court. Many suggestions have been made concerning methods of ameliorating (改善) the situation, but as in most branches of government, changes come slowly.One suggestion that has been made in order to maximize the efficiency of the system is to allow districts that have an overabundance of pending cases to borrow judges from other districts that do not have such a backlog. Another suggestion is to use pretrial conferences, in which the judge meets in his chambers with the litigants and their attorneys in order to narrow the issues, limit the witnesses, and provide for a more orderly trial. The theory behind pretrial conferences is that judges will spend less time on each case and parties will more readily settle before trial when they realize the adequacy of their claims and their opponents" evidence. Unfortunately, at least one study has shown that pretrial conferences actually use more judicial time than they save, rarely result in pretrial settlements, and actually result in higher damage settlements. Many states have now established another method, small-claims courts, in which cases over small sums of money can be disposed of with considerable dispatch. Such proceedings cost the litigants almost nothing. In California, for example, the parties must appear before the judge without the assistance of counsel. The proceedings are quite informal and there is no pleading (辩护)—the litigants need to make only a one-sentence statement of their claim. By going to this type of court, the plaintiff (原告) waives (放弃) any right to a jury trial and the right to appeal the decision.（分数：10.00）(1).The pretrial conference, in theory, is supposed to do all of the following except ______.（分数：2.00）A.narrow the issuesB.cause early settlementsC.save judicial timeD.increase settlement costs(2).What is the main topic of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.All states should follow California"s example in using small-claims courts in order to free judges for other workB.The legislature needs to formulate fewer laws so that the judiciary can catch up on its older casesC.Nobody seems to care enough to attempt to find methods for making the judicial system more efficientD.While there are many problems with the court system, there are viable suggestions for improvement(3).The word "litigants" means most nearly ______.（分数：2.00）A.jury membersmentatorsC.parties in a lawsuitD.taxpayers(4).Which of the following is true about small-claims courts?（分数：2.00）A.It is possible to have one"s case heard by a jury if he or she is dissatisfied with the court"s decisionB.The litigants must plead accurately and according to a strict formC.The decision may not be appealed to a higher courtD.The parties may not present their cases without an attorney"s help(5).What can we assume from the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Most people who feel they have been wronged have a ready remedy in courts of law。
2012年医学考博英语完形填空练习2
学苑教育2012年医学考博英语完形填空练习（二）Part 111 Cloze (10 % )Directions: In this section there is a passage with ten numbered blanks for each blank, there are four choices marked A, B, C and D listed on the right side. Choose the best answer and mark the letter of your choice on the ANSWER SHEET.There were red faces at one of Britain's biggest banks recently. They had accepted a telephone order to buy $ 100,000 worth of shares from a fifteen-year-old schoolboy (they thought he was twenty-one). The shares fell in value and the schoolboy was unable to 1 .The band lost$ 20,000 on the 2 that it cannot get back because, for one thing, this young speculator does not have the money and, for another, 3 under eighteen, he is not legally liable for his debts. If the shares had risen in value by the same amount that they fell, he would have pocketed $ 20,000 4 . Not bad for a fifteen-year-old. It certainly is better than 5 the morning newspaper. In another recent case, a boy of fourteen found, in his grandfather's house, a suitcase full of foreign banknotes. The clean, crisp, banknotes looked very 6 but they were now not used in their country of origin or anywhere else. This young boy 7 straight to the nearest bank withhis pockets filed with notes. The cashiers did not realize that the country in 8 had reduced the value of its currency by 90%. They exchanged the notes at their face value at the current exchange rate. In three days, before he was found out, he took $ 200,000 from nine different banks. 9 , he had already spent more than half of this on taxi-rides, restaurant meals, concert tickets and presents for his many new girlfriends ( at least he was generous ! ) before the police caught up with him. Because he is also under eighteen the banks have 10 a lot of money, and several cashiers have lost their jobs.1. A. pay off B. pay up C. pay for D. pay out2. A. principle B. criterion C. custom D. deal3. A. to be B. having been C. being D. is4. A. profit B. advantage C. benefit D. commission5. A. sending B. transmitting C. delivering D. dispatching6. A. convincing B. valuable C. unusual D. priceless7. A. came B. pulled C. headed D. pushed8. A. problem B. question C. talk D. saying9. A. Interestingly B. Unfortunately C. Particularly D. Amazingly10. A. kissed goodbye B. got rid of C. lived up to D. made up for参考答案1~5 BACAC6~10 BACBA。
2012年考研英语完形真题与参考答案(一)
凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！2012 年考研英语完形真题及参考答案（一）Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. __1__the turn of the century when jazz ( 爵士乐 ) was born, America had no prominent__2__of its own. No one knowsexactly when jazz was__ 3__, or by whom. But it began to be__4__in the early 1900s. Jazz isAmerica's contribution to__5__music. In contrast to classical music, which__6__ formal Europeantraditions. jazz is spontaneous and free-form. It bubbles with energy,__7__ moods, interests andemotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz__8__like America. And__9__it does today.The__10__of this music arc as interesting as the music__11__, American Negroes , or blacks, as they are called today were the Jazz__12__. They were brought to the Southern states__ 13__slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long__14__. When a Negro died his friends and relatives__15__a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a bandoften accompanied the__ 16__. On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn musicsuited to the occasion.__17__on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death hadremoved one of their__18__, but the living were glad to be alive. The band played__19__music,improvising( 即兴表演 ) on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes__20__at the funeral. Thismusic made everyone wan to dance. It was an early form of Jazz .1.A) By B) At C) In D) On2.A) music B) song C) melody D) style3.A) discovered B) acted C) invented D) designed4.A) noticed B) found C) listened D) heard5.A) classical B) sacred C) Popular D) light6.A) forms B) follows C) approaches D) introduces7.A) expressing B) explaining C) exposing D) illustrating8.A) appeared B) felt C)seemed D) sounded9.A) as B) so C) either D) neither10.A) origins B) originals C) discoveries D) resources11.A) concerned B) itself C) available D) oneself12.A) Players B) followers C) fans D) pioneers13.A) for B) as C) with D) by14.A) months B) weeks C) hours D) times15.A) demonstrated B) composed C) hosted D) formed16.A) demonstration B) procession C) body D) march17.A) Even B) Therefore C) Furthermore D) But18.A) number B) members C) body D) relations19.A) sad B) solemn C) happy D) funeral20.A) whistled B) sung C) presented D) showed参考答案：1.B2.A3.C4.A5.C6.B7.A8.D9.B 10.A第1页共1页专业资料整理凯程考研集训营，为学生引路，为学员服务！2012 年考研英语完形真题及参考答案（一）Music comes in many forms; most countries have a style of their own. __1__the turn of the century when jazz ( 爵士乐 ) was born, America had no prominent__2__of its own. No one knowsexactly when jazz was__ 3__, or by whom. But it began to be__4__in the early 1900s. Jazz isAmerica's contribution to__5__music. In contrast to classical music, which__6__ formal Europeantraditions. jazz is spontaneous and free-form. It bubbles with energy,__7__ moods, interests andemotions of the people. In the 1920s jazz__8__like America. And__9__it does today.The__10__of this music arc as interesting as the music__11__, American Negroes , or blacks, as they are called today were the Jazz__12__. They were brought to the Southern states__ 13__slaves. They were sold to plantation owners and forced to work long__14__. When a Negro died his friends and relatives__15__a procession to carry the body to the cemetery. In New Orleans, a bandoften accompanied the__ 16__. On the way to the cemetery the band played slow, solemn musicsuited to the occasion.__17__on the way home the mood changed. Spirits lifted. Death hadremoved one of their__18__, but the living were glad to be alive. The band played__19__music,improvising( 即兴表演 ) on both the harmony and the melody of the tunes__20__at the funeral. Thismusic made everyone wan to dance. It was an early form of Jazz .1.A) By B) At C) In D) On2.A) music B) song C) melody D) style3.A) discovered B) acted C) invented D) designed4.A) noticed B) found C) listened D) heard5.A) classical B) sacred C) Popular D) light6.A) forms B) follows C) approaches D) introduces7.A) expressing B) explaining C) exposing D) illustrating8.A) appeared B) felt C)seemed D) sounded9.A) as B) so C) either D) neither10.A) origins B) originals C) discoveries D) resources11.A) concerned B) itself C) available D) oneself12.A) Players B) followers C) fans D) pioneers13.A) for B) as C) with D) by14.A) months B) weeks C) hours D) times15.A) demonstrated B) composed C) hosted D) formed16.A) demonstration B) procession C) body D) march17.A) Even B) Therefore C) Furthermore D) But18.A) number B) members C) body D) relations19.A) sad B) solemn C) happy D) funeral20.A) whistled B) sung C) presented D) showed参考答案：1.B2.A3.C4.A5.C6.B7.A8.D9.B 10.A第1页共1页专业资料整理。
2012年考研英语完形真题及参考答案(三)
2012年考研英语完形真题及参考答案（三）Generally speaking, a British is widely regarded as a quiet, shy and conservative person who is ___1___ only among those with whom he is acquainted. When a stranger is at present, he often seems nervous, ___2___ embarrassed. You have to take a commuter train any morning or evening to ___3___ the truth of this. Serious-looking businessmen and women sit reading their newspapers or dozing in a corner; hardly anybody talks, since to do so would be considered quite offensive. ___4___, there is an unwritten but clearly understood code of behavior which, ___5___ broken, makes the offender immediately the object of ___6___.It has been known as a fact that the a British has a ___7___ for the discussion of their weather and that, if given a chance, he will talk about it ___8___. Some people argue that it is because the British weather seldom ___9___ forecast and hence becomes a source of interest and ___10___ to everyone. This may be so. ___11___ a British cannot have much ___12___ in the weathermen, who, after promising fine, sunny weather for the following day, are often proved wrong ___13___ a cloud over the Atlantic brings rainy weather to all districts! The man in the street seems to be as accurate——or as inaccurate——as the weathermen in his ___14___.Foreigners may be surprised at the number of references ___15___ weather that the British make to each other in the course of a single day. Very often conversational greetings are ___16___ by comments on the weather. "Nice day, isn't it?" "Beautiful!" may well be heard instead of "Good morning, how are you?" ___17___ the foreigner may consider this exaggerated and comic, it is worthwhile pointing out that it could be used to his advantage. ___18___ he wants to start a conversation with a British but is ___19___ to knows wheres to begin, he could do well to mention the state of the weather. It is a safe subject which will ___20___ an answer from even the most reserved of the British.1. A. relaxed B. frustrated C. amused D. exhausted2. A. yet B. otherwise C. even D. so3. A. experience B. witness C. watch D. undergo4. A. Deliberately B. Consequently C. Frequently D. Apparently5. A. unless B. once C. while D. as6. A. suspicion B. opposition C. criticism D. praise7. A. emotion B. fancy C. likeliness D. Judgment8. A. at length B. to a great extent C. from his heart D. by all means9. A. follows B. predicts C. defies D. supports10. A. dedication B. compassion C. contemplation D. speculation11. A. Still B. Also C. Certainly D. Fundamentally12. A. faith B. reliance C. honor D. credit13. A. if B. once C. when D. whereas14. A. propositions B. predictions C. approval D. defiance15. A. about B. on C. in D. to16. A. started B. conducted C. replaced D. proposed17. A. Since B. Although C. However D. Only if18. A. Even if B. Because C. If D. For19. A. at a loss B. at last C. insgroups D. on the occasion20. A. stimulate B. constitute C. furnish D. provoke参考答案1. A2.C3.B4.D5.B6.C7.B8.A9.A10.D11. C 12.A13.C14.B15.D16.C 17.B18.C19.A20.D小提示：目前本科生就业市场竞争激烈，就业主体是研究生，在如今考研竞争日渐激烈的情况下，我们想要不在考研大军中变成分母，我们需要：早开始+好计划+正确的复习思路+好的辅导班（如果经济条件允许的情况下）。
2012完形填空英语二
2012完形填空英语二2012年英语二完形填空真题及答案如下：完形填空The word “happiness” means different things to different people. Some people find happiness in a 1 of material goods, others in the strong sense of community and belonging they feel when 2 with others. And some people achieve happiness through their 3 or professional achievements.For many people, happiness is related to the concept of “ 4 ”. This concept refers to the state of being in a place where one feels at home, where one feels safe and 5 . The term was first used by the British explorer John Lancaster in the 18th century to describe the feelings of the Native Americans he 6 in Canada.The concept of “being home” has since been 7 by other writers and thinkers to describe the feeling of belonging that people have for their country, their culture, and their way of life. For example, theidea of “home” has been very important to the Black population in the United States, who have been 8 from their land and culture for generations. For t hem, the idea of “home” represents a place where they can feel a sense of belonging and community.In today’s world, the concept of “being home” has taken on new meaning. In a world that is becoming increasingly 9 and globalized, people are searching for ways to 10 their identity and connection to their culture. They want to belong to a community where they feel safe and accepted. And this sense of belonging can often be 11 by finding a place where they feel at home.In conclusion, the idea of “home” is important because it represents a place where people can feel a sense of belonging and community. It is a concept that has been 12 throughout history by various cultures and is relevant in today’s world as well.1. A. collection B. choice C. series D. variety2. A. working B. living C. playing D. interacting3. A. family B. friends C. colleagues D. classmates4. A. homeland B. home C. house D. hometown5. A. content B. excited C. relaxed D. hopeful6. A. met B. found C. saw D. noticed7. A. expanded B. described C. adopted D. ignored8. A. separated B. removed C. divorced D. withdrawn9. A. global B. open C. cold D. closed10. A. develop B. create C. discover D. destroy11. A. strengthened B. weakened C. intensified D. determined12. A. valued B. recognized C. ignored D. forgotten答案：1-5 DABDC 6-10 AABCD 11-12 AD。
2012高考英语全国各地完形填空试题及答案解析(答案)
绝密★启用并使用完毕前（1）2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（山东卷）【语篇解读】这是一篇记叙文，叙述的是一对德国夫妇为了帮助无家可归的人所付出的努力，并借主人公之口表达了作者的感受：给予爱，也收获爱，这非常有意义。
36.【答案】B【命题透视】名词词义辨析。
考查学生的词汇量与词汇运用能力。
【试题解析】前面的but表转折，句意为：但是事实上无家可归的到处都有。
句型the truth is that…意为“事实上……”。
37.【答案】D【命题透视】逻辑关系。
考查学生对上下文的理解或对文化、常识的理解和运用能力。
【试题解析】根据上文，此处表达的是“一个像德国这么富有的国家”，与前文的for example和后面的like Germany 一致。
38.【答案】C【命题透视】逻辑关系。
考查学生对上下文的理解或对文化、常识的理解和运用能力。
【试题解析】根据后文，此句句意为：他们为德国首都柏林的无家可归者做饭已经十一年了。
39. 【答案】A【命题透视】动词词义辨析。
考查学生的词汇量与词汇运用能力。
【试题解析】由上句，此处意为：他们从一个漫长而炎热的夏天开始。
上句提到他们为无家可归者提供食物有十一年了，所以此处应该表达何时开始。
其他选项中，met是“遇到”；left是“离开”；called是“打电话；叫”；都不符合句意。
40.【答案】D【命题透视】逻辑关系和副词词义辨析。
考查学生词汇的理解和对上下文的理解或对文化、常识的理解和运用能力。
【试题解析】根据后面的Kurt and his wife stayed at home，此处是用大多数德国人与Kurt夫妇作一对比，句意为：他们从一个漫长而炎热的夏天开始，此时大多数德国人都外出度假了。
41.【答案】B【命题透视】动词短语词义辨析。
考查学生的词汇量与词汇运用能力。
【试题解析】句意为：Kurt和他的妻子呆在家里做三明治，他们在街上布置好桌子，给无家可归者提供食物。
2012年英语试博士试题
Ⅰ.Complete each of the following sentences with the best answer. (0.5’*40)1.Until he took off his glasses __________.A. I didn’t recognize himB. I hadn’t recognized himC. didn’t I recognize himD. hadn’t I recognized him2.We can __________ that after some time our farmers will be able to __________ international competition.A. expect; fit themselvesB. presume; adjust toC. assume; adapt toD. suppose; get used to3. A good reader can tell the difference between words that sound __________, and know ____________ to usethem.A. like; why and howB. alike; why and whereC. like how and whereD. alike; when and how4.90 percent of all English writing ____________ 1,000 basic words.A. is consistedB. consist ofC. consists ofD. consisted5.____________ to develop his talent, Adam could become an excellent artist.A. AllowedB. AllowingC. Being allowedD. Have been allowed6.Don’t ever drive past a hitchhiker, ____________?A. will youB. don’t youC. do youD. can you7.As a senior professor she should have known better ____________ to get involved in such a scandal.A. and notB. but notC. thanD. than not8.His power was seriously ____________ by a succession of crises, and when he died, a bitter power struggle____________.A. weakened; was ensuedB. eroded; ensuedC. damaged; followedD. reduced; occurred9.Leonardo da Vinci ____________ caged birds in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.A. was said to buyB. is said to buyC. has said to buyD. is said to have bought10.In China, customers pay far less for a DVD than ____________ countries.A. those in manyB. in manyC. those in many otherD. in many other11.____________dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.A. AlthoughB. whateverC. AsD. However12.The party, ____________I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable.A. by whichB. for whichC. to whichD. at which13.If only I ____________ play the guitar as well as you!A. wouldB. couldC. shouldD. might14.It’s high time we ____________ cutting down the rainforests.A. stoppedB. had to stopC. shall stopD. stop15.The student said there were a few points in the essay he ____________ impossible to comprehend.A. has foundB. was findingC. had foundD. would find16.Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone____________ an opportunity to hear the speech.A. ought to haveB. must haveC. may haveD. should have17.I am surprised____________ this city is a dull place to live in.A. that you should thinkB. by what you are thinkingC. that you would thinkD. with what you were thinking18.Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not____________ for her work.A. enough goodB. good enoughC. as good enoughD. good as enough19.It is imperative that the government ____________ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.A. attractsB. shall attractC. attractD. has tond belongs to the city; there is ____________ thing as private ownership of land.A. no such aB. not suchC. not such aD. no such21.My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could walk____________far.A. /B. suchC. thatD. as22.The statistics ____________ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.A. provesB. is provingC. are provingD. prove23.There are only ten apples left in the baskets, ____________ the spoilt ones.A. not countingB. not to countC. don’t countD. having not counted24.It was ____________we had hopedA. more a success thanB. a success more thanC. as much of a success asD. a success as much as25.There used to be a petrol station near the park, ____________?A. didn’t itB. doesn’t thereC. usedn’t it?D. didn’t there26.It is an offence to show ____________ against people of different races.A. distinctionB. differenceC.separationD. discrimination27.A great amount of work has gone into ____________ the Cathedral to its previous splendour.A. refreshingB. restoringC. renovatingD. renewing28.The thieves fled with the local police close on their ____________.A. backsB. necksC. toesD. heels29.The economic recession has meant that job____________ is a rare thing.A. securityB. safetyC. protectionD. secureness30.Many people nowadays save money to ____________ for their old age.A. caterB. supplyC. provideD. equip31.The tone of the article ____________ the writer’s mood at the time.A. reproducedB. reflectedC. imaginedD. imitated32.The job of a student accommodation officer____________ a great many visits to landladies.A. concernsB. offersC. asksD. involves33.Our family doctor’s clinic ____________at the junction of two busy roads.A. restsB. standsC. staysD. seats34.She was so fat that she could only just ____________ through the door.A. assembleB. appearC. squeezeD. gather35.After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof, which was ____________.A. leakingB. tricklingC. prominentD. noticeable36.The reception was attended by ____________ members of the local community.A. excellentB. conspicuousC. prominentD. noticeable37.Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but ____________slightly in the afternoon.A. regainedB. recoveredC. restoredD. revived38.His ____________ brain has worked away on the idea of a universal cure.A. richB. quickC. productiveD. fertile39.The couple has donated a not____________ amount of money to the foundation.A. inconsiderableB. inconsiderateC. inaccurateD. incomparable40.I hear that it is estimated that the number of people ____________ less than one dollar a day has____________ one billion worldwide.A. relying on; gone up toB. living on; exceededC. depending on; reached overD. living with; surpassedⅡ.Proofreading and error correction (1’*10)The following passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline it and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “︿” sign and write the missing word in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary w ord with a slash “/” and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.Many artist today are in what is called applied art. They usetheir ability in advertise, interior decoration, or some similar job. 41. ________ But people in business which hire the artists for that kind of wok 42. ________say that simple artist ability is not enough. There are lots of young 43. ________people who have that. But not enough of them who know anything 44. ________about physics, or mechanical things, or math.To be a druggist you have to study chemistry. You can’t learnchemistry without knowing something about algebra.How about a nurse? One of the requiring subjects in a course of 45. ________nursing is known to “materia medica”. In “materia medica” you’ll46. ________learn how to figure out doses and prepare for medicines. Algebra is 47. ________important in doing the figuring. Too many student nurses flunk outof the course because of their weak math.It’s the same for many trades. If you want to be a crafts-man, 48. ________a machinist, a molder, and a patternmaker, you’ll need algebra and49. ________geometry and even trigonometry.Even you want to go into business for yourself, you’ll need50. _______math. Business today, whether it is running a little gas station or abig factory, takes good management. Good management takes mathematics.Ⅲ.Reading comprehension (2*20)Text AAmerica’s most relentless examiner, the Educational Testing Service, has developed computer software, known as E-Rater, to evaluate essays on the Graduate Management Admission Test. Administered to 200,000 business school applicants each year, the GMAT includes two 30-minute essays that test takers type straight into a computer. In the past, those essays were graded on a six-point scale by two readers. This month, the computer will replace one of the readers with the proviso that a second reader will be consulted if the computer and human-reader scores differ by more then a point.It’s one thing for a machine to determine whether a bubble has been correctly filled in, but can it read outside the lines, so to speak? Well, yes and no. E-Rater “learns” what constitutes good and bad answers from a sample of pregraded essays. Using that information, it breaks the essay down to its syntax, organization and contents. The software checks basics like subject-verb agreement and recognizes phrases and sentence structures that are likely to be found in high-scoring essays.Of course, the machine cannot “get” a clever turn of phrase or an unusual analogy. “If I’m unique, I might not fall under the scoring instructions,” concedes Frede ric McHale, a vice president at the GMAT Council. One the other hand, E-Rater is mercilessly objective and never tired halfway through a stack of essays. The upshot: a pretrial tests, E-Rater and a human reader were just as likely to agree as were two read ers. “It’s not intended to judge a person’s creativity,” says Darrel Laham, co-developer of the Intelligent Essay Assessor, a computer-grading system similar to E-Rater. “It’s to give students a chance to construct a response instead of just pointing at a bubble.”That won’t reassure traditionalists, who argue that writing simply can’t be reduced to rigid adjective plussubject plus verb formulations. “Writing is a human act, with aesthetic dimensions that computers can only begin to understand,” says David Schaafsman, a professor of English education at Teachers Colleges of Columbia University. The Kaplan course, a leader in test prep, has taken a more pragmatic approach: it has issued a list of strategies for “the age of the computerized essay.” One of its tips: use transitional phrases like “therefore”, and the computers just might think you’re Dickens.51.E-Rater is described as __________.A. a substitute for GMATB.America’s most relentless examinerC. a machine to grade bubble-filling papersD. a computer-grading system52.In paragraph two, the expression “read outside the lines” refers to the ability to __________.A.understand student essaysB.report scoresC.recognize a wrong bubbleD.judge a person’s creativity53.Frederic McHale implies that if the test taker is unique, he would __________.A.get a top gradeB.get an average gradeC.be at an advantageD.be at a disadvantage54.It seems that Professor Schaafsman agrees with __________.A. traditionalistsB. Darrell LahamC. supporters of E-RaterD. the Kplan course designers55.What is the implied meaning of “the computer just might think you’re Dickens”?A.It thinks you are great at tests.B.It thinks you are doing great.C.It thinks your essay is with great wording.D.It thinks your essay is written by Dickens himself.Text BAt some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do something strange or terrible. However, chances are that you don’t act on your impulse, but let it pass instead. You know that to commit the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior.Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change over the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time. Topics such as death, for example, were once considered so upsetting and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the publication of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, as a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject.One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. Unlike many other taboos, fat is topic that Americans talk about constantly. It’s not taboo to talk about fat; it’s taboo to be fat. The “in” look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their image as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, self-discipline, and self-respect. In an image-conscious society like theU.S., thin is “in”, fat is “out”.It’s not surprising, then, that millions of Americans have become obsessed with staying slim and “in shape”. The pursuit of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, the sole reason for America’s fascination with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the critical importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style of North Americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do by hand. Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, people’s bodies can easily become weak and vulnerable to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of Americans are spending more of their time exercising.56. From the passage we can infer taboo is__.A. a strong desire to do something strange or terrible.B. a crime committed on impulse.C. behavior considered unacceptable in society’s eyes.D. an unfavorable impression left on other people.57. Based on the ideas presented in the passage we can conclude “being fat” __ in American society.A. will always remain a taboo.B. is not considered a taboo by most people.C. has long been a taboo.D. may no longer be a taboo some day.58. The topic of fat is __ many other taboo subjects.A. the same asB. different fromC. more popular thanD. less often talked about than.59. Apart from this new understanding of the correlation between health and exercise, the main reason the passage gives for why so many Americans are exercising regularly is__.A. their changed life-style.B. their eagerness to stay thin and youthful.C. their appreciation of the importance of exercise.D. the encouragement they have received from their companies.Text CA 1990 United Nations survey revealed that the more highly developed countries spend an average of 2to 3 percent of their annual budgets on crime control, while developing countries spend even more, an average of 9 to 14 percent. Increasing the size of the police force and providing it with better equipment takes priority in some localities. But results are mixed. Some Hungarian citizens complain: “There are never enough policemen to catch the criminals but always enough to catc h traffic violators.”Many governments have recently found it necessary to pass tougher crime laws. For example, since “kidnapping is on the rise across Latin America,” says Time magazine, the governments there have responded with laws that are “at once vigorous and ineffectual… Passing laws is one thing,” it admits, “applying them another.”It is estimated that in Britain more than 100,000 neighborhood watch schemes, covering at least four million homes, existed in 1992. Similar programs were implemented in Australia in the mid-1980s. Their aim, says the Australian Institute of Criminology, is to reduce crime “by improving citizens’ awareness about public safety, by improving residents’ attitudes and behavior in reporting crime and suspicious events in the neighborhood and byreducing vulnerability to crime with the help of property identification and installation of effective security devices.”Closed-circuit television is used in some places to link police stations with commercial premises. Video cameras are used by police, banks, and stores as a crime deterrent or as a tool for identifying lawbreakers.In Nigeria the police have checkpoints on highways in efforts to apprehend robbers and carjackers. The government has set up a task force on trade malpractices to combat fraud. Police-community relations committees made up of community leaders inform the police of criminal activity and people of questionable character.Visitors to the Philippines note that homes are generally not left unattended and that many people have watchdogs. Businessmen employ private security guards to protect their businesses. Anti-theft devices for cars sell well. People who can afford to do so withdraw to tightly secured subdivisions or condominiums.The London newspaper the indep endent commented: “As confidence in the rule of law falls, citizens are organizing the defense of their own communities in increasing numbers.” And more and more people are arming themselves. In the United States, for example, it is estimated that every second household owns at least one gun. Governments are constantly developing new methods of combating crime. But V. Vsevolodov, of the Academy of Home Affairs in Ukraine, points out that according to UN sources, so many gifted people are finding “unique me thods of carrying on criminal activity” that “the training of law enforcement personnel” cannot keep up. Clever criminals funnel huge sums of money back into businesses and social services, merging with society and “gaining for themselves high positions in society.”60. What is the main reason for citizens to take in hand the defense of themselves?A.there are not enough policemenB.they do not trust the rule of lawC.the police force is inefficientD.security devices do not work61. A neighborhood watch scheme will probably do all the following EXCEPT ___________A. helping to install anti-theft devicesB. raising citizens’ consciousness of community safetyC. helping citizens to claim a lost propertyD. encouraging citizens to report suspicious events62. According to the author, the outlook for ending crime is _______________A.rosyB.unclearC.hard to describeD.bleak63. According to the Time Magazine, the measures taken by governments in Latin America _____________.A. will have much effect at onceB. focuses on increasing the size of the police forceC. are intended to catch more traffic violatorsD. are seemingly strong but will have little effectText DIt has been known for many decades that the appearance of sunspots is roughly periodic, with an average cycle of eleven years. Moreover, the incidence of solar flares and the flux of solar cosmic rays, ultraviolet radiation, and X-radiation all vary directly with the sunspot cycle. But after more than a century of investigation,the relation of these and other phenomena, known collectively as the solar-activity cycle, to terrestrial weather and climate remains unclear. For example, the sunspot cycle and the allied magnetic-polarity cycle have been linked to periodicities discerned in records of such variables as rainfall, temperature, and winds. Invariably, however, the relation is weak, and commonly of dubious statistical significance.Effects of solar variability over longer terms have also been sought. The absence of recorded sunspot activity in the notes kept by European observers in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries has led some scholars to postulate a brief cessation of sunspot activity at that time (a period called the Maunder minimum). The Maunder minimum has been linked to a span of unusual cold in Europe extending from the sixteenth to the early nineteenth centuries. The reality of the Maunder minimum has yet to be established, however, especially since the records that Chinese naked-eye observers of solar activity made at that time appear to contradict it. Scientists have also sought evidence of long-term solar periodicities by examining indirect climatological data, such as fossil records of the thickness of ancient tree rings. These studies, however, failed to link unequivocally terrestrial climate and the solar-activity cycle, or even to confirm the cycle’s past existence.If consistent and reliable geological or archaeological evidence tracing the solar-activity cycle in the distant past could be found, it might also resolve an important issue in solar physics: how to model solar activity. Currently, there are two models of solar activity. The first supposes that the Sun’s internal motions (caused by rotation and convection) interact with its large-scale magnetic field to produce a dynamo, a device in which mechanical energy is converted into the energy of a magnetic field. In short, the Sun’s large-scale magnetic field is taken to be self-sustaining, so that the solar-activity cycle it drives would be maintained with little overall change for perhaps billions of years. The alternative explanation supposes that the Sun’s large-scale magnetic field is a remnant of the field the Sun acquired when it formed, and is not sustained against decay. In this model, the solar mechanism dependent on t he Sun’s magnetic field runs down more quickly. Thus, the characteristics of the solar-activity cycle could be expected to change over a long period of time. Modern solar observations span too short a time to reveal whether present cyclical solar activity is a long-lived feature of the Sun, or merely a transient phenomenon.64. The author focuses primarily on ______________ .A.two competing scientific models concerning the sun’s magnetic fieldB.an overview of some recent scientific developments in solar physicsC.the reasons why a problem in solar physics has not yet been solvedD.the difficulties involved in linking terrestrial climate with solar activity65. According to the passage, for which of the following reasons are the late seventeenth and early eighteenth-century Chinese records important?A.They contradict the theory of the Maunder minimumB.They suggest that the Maunder minimum cannot be related to climateC.They verify the existence of a span of unusual cold worldwide during the Maunder minimumD.They show that the European observations are of dubious statistical significance66. On which of the following assumptions is based the belief that tree-ring thicknesses show links between solar periodicity and terrestrial climate?A.Solar-activity cycle existed in its present form during the period in questionB.Average tree-ring thickness varies from species to speciesC.Tree-ring thickness varies with changes in terrestrial climateD.Both terrestrial climate and solar-activity cycle randomly affect tree-ring thicknessText EThe first time I saw Stephen Leacock at close quarters he came swinging into a classroom in Moyse Hall, the serenely ugly old Arts Building of McGill University in Montreal. The room was packed with undergraduates like me who had come with huge curiosity to listen to their first lecture on political science by a man whose humorous writing had rocked the English-speaking world with laughter, but who was a campus character for very different reasons.Leacock enjoyed a reputation for eccentricity and for an impish individualism that expressed itself in blunt speech on every subject. Naturally we looked him carefully.What we saw was a shock of graying hair crowning a rugged face that wore a friendly smile, emphasized by crinkles of mirth about the ey es. I remember thinking, “He could use a haircut.” His necktie had slipped its moorings, and his tweedy suit looked slept-in. Across his vest his watch chain had come apart in the middle and had been put together with a safety pin. The effect was of a man who gave no thought to his appearance. But his manner was far too buoyant to suggest the absent-minded professor.His apparel was topped by one of those loose, black gowns professors wore in those days. Leacock’s had been acquired about the time he received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1903. Even though the garment was showing signs of wear in 1914, it was still one of the essential properties of his play-acting. At least a dozen times during every lecture it would slip off his shoulders and seize him by the crook of his elbows. Without pause in the flow of talk and motion——he was a walking lecturer——a great shrug of the shoulders would hoist the gown part way into place.Leacock was tremendously proud of his Chicago Ph. D., but it was inescapably in character that he must spoof it. “The meaning of this degree,” he quipped in a lecture, “is that the recipient has been examined for the last time in his life and pronounced full. After this, no new ideas can be imparted to him.” In similar vein, after returning from a holiday abroad he told his class, “I was sitting quietly in my cabin when a steward knocked and, after making sure I am called Doctor, asked if I would come and look at the stewardess’s knee. I was off like a shot, but another fello w got there ahead of me. He was a Doctor of Divinity.”What came through to me, even in the first lecture, was Leacock’s warmth and humanness. I knew I was listening to a man who loved young people and was determined to give them as much wisdom as he could. His teaching methods were unconventional. He couldn’t resist the temptation to explore bypaths. In discussing the days of Queen Victoria, he mentioned Disraeli, and this set him off to talk about the man rather than the Prime Minister——his way of living, his quick mind, his dilettantism, his great love affair with his wife. The digression lifted the great statesman into a framework of his own and, when Leacock returned to the main line of his subject, the listener understood, in a way no textbook could inform him, how such a man could bring off the coup which gave Britain control of the Suez Canal and made the Empire impregnable for decades to come.67. Stephen Leacock could be described as all the following EXCEPT _____________.A.careless about his appearanceB.witty and eloquentC.an inspiring professorD.an absent-minded person68. Leacock’s account of being summoned to look at a stewardess’s knee _________________.A.tells us that he was always ready to help othersB.indicates that he was an incompetent doctorC.reveals that he was very proud of his degreeD.shows that he could playful sometimes69. Speaking of Disraeli, a conventional professor would probably have ______________.A.focused on his accomplishments as a statesmanB.talked about his family lifeC.explored the little-known aspects of the personD.looked at him from a fresh perspective70. Which of the following statements about Disraeli is NOT true?A. Disraeli once served as Prime Minister in the days of Queen Victoria.B. Disraeli was the biggest shareholder of the Suez Canal CompanyC. Disraeli contributed to making the British Empire the most powerful countryD. Disraeli was instrumental in Britain’s successful control of the Suez CanalⅣ.Translation (15’)Chinese-to- English translation. (8’)澳门在地理位置上靠近港、台地区及东南亚各国。
吉林大学2012年博士研究生入学考试英语真题
吉林大学2012年博士研究生入学考试英语真题Part I: Vocabulary and Structure (30%)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are fourchoices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark thecorre-sponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. Language, culture, and personality may be considered ofeach other inthought, but they are inseparable in fact.A. indistinctlyB. separatelyC. relevantlyD.independently2. The work was done in the __________ of reforms in the economic, socialand culturalspheres.A. contextB. contestC. pretextD.texture3. The dean tried to retain control of the situation on campus, but his attempt wasby the board of trustees.A. approvedB. frustrated O. disclosed D.justified4. Some journalists are found of overstating the situations so that their newsmay createa great __________ .A. explosionB. sensationC. exaggeratingD. stimulation5. There was little, if any, evidence to substantiate the gossip and，_______________ t here was little to disprove it.A. by the same tokenB. under the same conditionC. at the same stageD. for the same purpose6. Every chemical change either results from energy being used to produce thechange, or causes energy to be _____________ i n some form.A. given offB. put outC. set offD.used up7. The United Nation Law of the Sea Conference would soon produce anocean-miningtreaty following its___________ declaration in 1970 that oceans were the heritage ofman-kind.A. unanimous 巳.abstract C. autonomous D.almighty8. This growth in the __________ o f diabetes is due, in part, to an increase inobesity.A. inferenceB. incidenceC. regulationD.repetition9. Preliminary estimation puts the figure at around 110 billion, ______________ t he 160 bil- lion the President is struggling to get through the Congress.A. in proportion toB. in reply to 0. in relation to D. in contrast to10. France’s _ _______ of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last monthtriggered po-litical debates and mass demonstrations.A. assumptionB. consumptionC. presumptionD. resumption11. The ________ of a natural phenomenon is usually a logical consequenceof somephysical aspect in the life style of the people.A. implementation 巳.demonstration C. manifestation D. expedition12. Reading __________ the mind only with materials of knowledge, it isthinking thatmakes what we read ours.A. rectifies 巳.prolongs O. minimizes D.furnishes13. Previous studies provoked __________ because the used patients whosediagnosiswas questionable.A. contributionB. contractionC. controversyD.convergence14. Although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close _______________ .A. temperament 巳.contamination C. scrutiny D.Symmetry15. I never said anything like that at all. You are purposely my ideas to prove yourpoints.A. revising 巳.contradicting C. distorting D.Distracting16. To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, companiesmustthe qualities and varieties of their products to the world-market demand.A. forfeitB. enhanceC. guaranteeD.Gear17. i was unaware of the critical points involved, so my choice was quite ______________ .A. arbitrary 巳.rational C. mechanical D.Unpredictable18. An important property of a scientific theory is its ability to _______________ f urther re- search and further thinking about a particular topic.A. stimulate 巳.renovate C. arouse D.Advocate19. All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read ________________ l etters from their families.A. affectionate 巳.sentimental 0. intimate D.Sensitive20. Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just ________________ and needs proving.A. spontaneous 巳.hypothetical C. intuitive D.Empirical21. The ceremony will _________ as soon as the president arrives.A. commend 巳.comply C. confront D.Commence22. The barbarous aggressors grew more and more ____________ inslaughtering peopleand burning down their houses.A. amorphousB. ferociousC. audaciousD.Egregious23. Some of the words employed by Shakespeare in his works have becomeand are no longer used in the present days.A. obsoleteB. obscene 0. obvious D.Oblique24. Because of the economic slowdown, the government changed its policy torevenue by limiting commerce.A. disregardB. challengeC. diminishD.Reject25. The spectators in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds ofcolorful bal-loons slowly __________ into the sky.A. descendingB. ascendingC. escalatingD.elevating26. An increasing proportion of our population, unable to live without advancedmedi-cal ，will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology.A. interferenceB. interruptionC. interventionD. interaction27. Several international events in the early 1990s seem likely to ___________ ，or at least weaken, the trends that emerged in the 1980s.A. revoltB. revolveC. reverseD.revive28. Foreign disinvestments and the __ ______ of South Africa from worldcapital mar-kets after 1985 further weakened its economy.A. displacementB. eliminationC. exclusionD.exception29. We are moving towards a more _________ about who their new teacherwould bewhen the bell rang for their first class in the new semester.A. foreseeingB. speculatingC. fabricatingD.ponderingPart II: Cloze TestDirections: There are twenty blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then markthe corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.New research from Australia supports the belief that many pet owners have —itshowsthat pets are good for your health. The [31 ] ______________ of this new studysuggest thatpeople who have pets are [ 32 ] ______________ less risk from heart disease than[ 33 ]_________ who do not.Ironically, this [34] ____________ study on pets was intended to [35] ______________ themyth that pets are good for your health. Earlier research [36]_________________________________________________________________ the benefits ofowning pets received a lot of [37 ] ____________ ，but the results were not goodenough to[38] __________ the more skeptical doctors. The new research was carried [39]_________ over three years and examined 6000 people, the largest group yetinvolved in[40] __________ a study. They took tests that measured a [41 ] ________________ o f different factors known to be [42] ____________ in heart disease —[43]________________________________ and blood lev-els of cholesterol and triglyceride. [44] _ ，people were asked about their lifes-tyles.The 800 people who owned pets had [45] _______________ l evels on each ofthe factors[46] __________ than those who did not own pets. The differences were evengreater thanthose found in similar studies on people who [47] ______________ to vegetariandiets or took[48] __________ exercise. The study also showed that it did not matter [49] ________________ kind of pet was owned —a cat was as good as a dog —so the benefits could not beattrib-uted [50] ___________ t he exercise involved in walking a dog.Questions 51PasWag,to 55 are based on the foliopassage.育明教育育明考博93When a disease of epidemic proportions rips into the populace, scientists immediatelyget to work ，trying to locate the source of the affliction and find ways to combat it. Often-times ,successes achieved, as medical science is able to isolate the parasite, germ or cellthat causes the problem and finds ways to effectively kill or contain it. In the mostB. conclusions B. on B. ones B. later B. explode B. in B. public巳.convertB. out B. such B. sort巳.involvingB. pressure巳.AlsoB. same B. same B. shut B. out巳.whichB. toC. indications C. at C. these O. latter C. exploit C. on C. publican C. convict C. through C. how C. variety C. included C. indigestion C. Therefore C. lower % C. a .C. byPart III: Reading Comprehension (60%)1 1D. signs D. of D. those D. latest D. express D. ofD. publication D. convince D. for D. what D. difference D. involved D. high fever D. So D. fewer D. measured D. directedseriousof cases, in which the entire population of a region or country may be at grave risk, it is deemed necessary to protect the entire population through vaccination, so as to safeguardlives and ensure that the disease will not spread.The process of vaccination allows the patient’s body to develop immunity to the virus ordisease so that, if it is encountered, one can fight it off naturally. To accomplish this, a small weak or dead strain of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlledenvironment, so that his body’s immune system can learn to fight the invader properly. In-formation on how to penetrate the disease’s defenses is transmitted to all elements of thepatient’s immune system in a process that occurs naturally, in which genetic information ispassed from cell to cell. This makes sure that, should the patient later come into contactwith the real problem, his body is well equipped and trained to deal with it, having alreadydone so before.There are dangers inherent in the process, however. On occasion, even the weak-ened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves too much for the body to han-dle, resulting in the immune case of the smallpox vaccine, designed to eradicate the small-pox epidemic that nearly wiped out the entire Native American population and killed mas-sive numbers of settlers. Approximately 1 in 10，000 people who receives the vaccine con-tract the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Thus, if the entire popu-lation of the United States were to receive the Smallpox Vaccine today, 3000 Americanswould be left dead.Fortunately, the smallpox virus was considered eradicated in the early 1970s, endingthe mandatory vaccination of all babies in America. In the event of a r㊀-introduction of thedisease, however, mandatory vaccinations may resume, resulting in more unexpected deaths from vaccination. The process, which is truly a blessing, may indeed hide some hidden cures.51. How do vaccines protect humans from diseases according to paragraph two?A. By passing information on how to fight the disease to the disease.B. By passing information on how to fight the disease to the immune system.C. By weakening the disease so that the immune system can defeat it.D. Introducing the disease to the body, so that survivors have already fought it.52. What does the example of the smallpox vaccine illustrate?A. The way that vaccines protect people from diseases.巳.The effectiveness of vaccines in eradicating certain diseases.C. The practical use of a vaccine to control an epidemic disease.D. The possible negative outcome of administering vaccines.53. The author argues that vaccinations are both a blessing and a curse because __________ .A. saving the many would not necessarily justify the death of the fewB. some vaccines, such as the smallpox vaccine, have negative side effectsC. they don’t always workD. while many lives are saved, some are actually killed by the vaccines54. The best title for the passage would be ____________ .A. The Smallpox Vaccine: An AnalysisB. How Vaccines WorkC. Vaccines: Methods and ImplicationsD. a Warning on the Negative Side Effects of Vaccines55. The main purpose of the passage is to ____________ .A. convince the reader that vaccines are not as safe as many think.B. educate the reader on how vaccines are used and some of their dangers.C. educate the reader on the circumstances that would necessitate widespread vacci-nations.D. present the method by which vaccines are used through the case of the smallpoxvaccine.Passage 2Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Few natural dangers are more feared than avalanches. Avalanches are a familiar partof European history, particularly in the Swiss and French Alps. This is where the directionof wars has turned almost instantly because of avalanches wiping out invading armies.In North America, avalanches are limited almost entirely to the Rocky Mountains andthe lower ranges to the west, the Sierra Nevadas and the Cascades. Avalanches have oc-curred in the mountains of New England but not with the regularity and intensity seen in thewestern mountains.Several methods are used in explaining and predicting avalanches. Scientists are learning about them using research methods. So many of the factors that create ava-lanches are hidden beneath the snow’s surface that predictions are still largely guesswork.Therefore, winter travelers must assume the worst of conditions when they traverse theslopes.An avalanche occurs when a given amount of snow becomes too heavy for whatever isholding it in place. It then breaks loose and slides downhill.Avalanches are divided into two general categories, loose snow and slab, a loose snow avalanche usually starts at a single point, such as a skier’s track, and spreads outlike a fan or a pyramid in a chain reaction. One crystal breaks another free, which multiplesas the loose snow moves downhill. Sometimes these avalanches stop after only a few feet.Sometimes they move thousands of tons of snow downhill in speeds up to 300 miles perhour. This creates a shock wave that can flatten parts of a forest that are not even touchedby the actual avalanche.Slab avalanches are those that have a wide area of snow which breaks loose in a largepiece. These can range in size from just a few square feet to thousands of square feet ofsnow. The most dangerous and common type of avalanche for skiers is the so-called “softslab” avalanche. This type occurs most often during, or just after a heavy snowfall. The snow hasn’t yet had a chance to settle and adhere to the temperature, the less likely thenew snow will form a bond with the existing snow.56. What would be the best title for this passage?A. Avalanches巳.The History of AvalanchesC. Skiers BewareD. Avalanches Can Kill57. According to the passage, how did avalanches affect wars?A. They hid the armies approaching the city aiding in the attack.B. They killed the armies approaching the city.C. They blocked paths into the city.D. They snow-blinded the approaching armies.58. According to the passage, what must skiers assume about avalanches when ski-ing?A. They only have to worry after a heavy snowfall.B. Avalanches only occur in the Swiss or French Alps.C. They should always expect that an avalanche will occur.D. When skiing in New England, they will never have to worry about an avalanche.59. According to the passage, when is the most dangerous time for skiers?A. When the temperature is below 20 degrees F.巳.Right before a snowstorm.0. During a snowstorm.D. In the winter.60. According to the passage, which factor causes an avalanche?A. The slope of the mountain.B. The size of the snowfall.C. The amount and intensity of movement around the snowfall.D. The weight of the snow.Passage 3Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and researchcontradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in these state-ments ,but they also ignore deeper and more important relationships.Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at a research uni-versity because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from anarts college. Some professors, however, neglect teaching for research and that presents aproblem.Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition isusually given for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judgingteaching, a highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top studentswho want to be challenged but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. Themild professor gets overall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappoint-ment on the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the system should presentthe greatest challenges. Thus, a university trying to promote professors primarily on thebasis of teaching qualities would have to confront this confusion.As modern science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professors: one is the timeneeded to keep up with the profession；the other is the time needed to teach. The trainingof new scientists requires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the artscollege. Although scientists are usually “made” in the elementary schools, scientists canbe “lost” by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. The solution is not toseparate teaching and research but to recognize that the combination is difficult but vital.The title of professor should be given only to those who profess and it is perhaps time for u-niversities to reserve it for those who profess and it is perhaps time for universities to re-serve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professors un-willing to teach can be called “distinguished research investigators” of something else.The pace of modern science makes it increasingly difficult to be a great researcherand a great teacher. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we canseparate teaching and research simply do not understand the system, but those who saythe problem will disappear are not fulfilling their responsibilities.61. What idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?A. The relationship between teaching and research should not be simplified.巳.Teaching and research are contradictory.C. Research can never be emphasized too much.D. It is wrong to overestimate the importance of teaching.62. In academic promotions research universities still attach more importance to re-search partly because ___________ .A. research improves the quality of teaching巳.students who want to be challenged appreciate research professors0. professors with achievements in research are usually responsible and toughD. it is difficult to evaluate teaching quality objectively63. According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following will the author probablyagree with?A. Distinguished professors at research universities should concentrate on researchonly.B. It is of utmost importance to improve teaching in elementary schools in order to trainnew scientists.C. The separation of teaching from research can lower the quality of future scientists.D. The rapid development of modern science makes it impossible to combine teachingwith research.64. The title of professor should be given only to those who first and foremost do __________ .A. scientific researchB. teachingC. field workD. investigation65. The phrase “the problem” (Para. 5) refers to_______________ .A. raising the status of teachingB. the separation of teaching from researchC. the combination of teaching with researchD. improving the status of researchPassage 4Questions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage.Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The sameproblem, on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new prod-ucts and create new jobs. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums neededfrom friends and people we know, and while banks may agree to provide short-term fi- nance ,they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-termprojects. So companies turn to the public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. This they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through The Stock Exchange. By doing so, they can putinto circulation the savings of individuals and institutions, both at home and overseas.When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company withwhom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to someother saver who is seeking to invest his money.Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by theGovernment or by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, rail-ways, this country could not function. All these require continuous spending on new equip-ment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than israised through taxes alone. The Government, local authorities, and nationalizedindustriestherefore frequently needed to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they,too, come to The Stock Exchange.There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of livingdoes not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new devel-opment. In one way or another, this new money must come from the savings of the coun-try. The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.66. Almost all companies involved in new production and developmentmust __________ .A. rely on their financial resources巳.persuade the banks to provide long-term financeC. borrow large sums of money from friends and people we knowD. depend on the population as a whole for finance67. The money which enables these companies to go ahead with their projects is__________ .A. repaid to its original owners as soon as possible巳.raised by the selling of shares in the companiesC. exchanges for part ownership in the stock exchangeD. invested in different companies on the stock exchange68. When the savers want their money back they ____________ .A. ask another company to obtain their money for them巳.look for other people to borrow money fromC. put their shares in the company back on the marketD. transfer their money to a more successful company69. All the essential services on which we depend are ____________ .A. run by the gov-ernment or our local authorities.巳.in constant need of financial support.C. financed wholly by rates and taxes.D. unable to provide for the needs of the population.70. The stock exchange makes it possible for the government, local authorities and na-tionalized industries ___________ .A. to borrow as much money as they wishB. to make certain everybody saves moneyC. to raise money to finance new developmentsD. to make certain everybody lends money to themPassage 5Questions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage.The producers of instant coffee found their product strongly resisted in the market places despite their manifest advantages. Furthermore, the advertising expenditure for in-stant coffee was far greater than that for regular coffee. Efforts were made to find the causeof the consumers’seemingly unreasonable resistance to the product. The reason given bymost people was dislike for the taste. The producers suspected that there might be deeperreasons, however. This was confirmed by one of motivation research’s classic studies, oneoften cited in the trade. Mason Haire, of the University of California, constructed two shop-ping lists that were identical except for one item. There were six items common to both lists: hamburger, carrots, baking powder, bread, canned peaches and potatoes, with thebrands or amounts specified. The seventh item, in the fifth place on both lists, readu Max-well House coffee” on one list and “Nescafe instant coffee” o n the other. One list wasgiven to each person in a group of fifty women, and the other list to those in anothergroupof the same size. The women were asked to study their lists and then to describe, asfar asthey could, the kind of woman ( “personality and character n) who would draw up thatshopping list. Nearly half of those who had received the list including instant coffee de-scribed a housewife who was lazy and a poor planner. On the other hand, only onewomanin the other group described the housewife, who had included regular coffee on her list,aslazy, only six of that group suggested that she was a poor planner. Eight women feltthatthe instant-coffee user was probably not a good wife! No one in the other group drewsucha conclusion about the housewife who intended to buy regular coffee.71. The fact that producers found resistance to their product despite the fact thattheyspent more advertising money on instant than regular coffee shows that _______________ .A. advertising does not assure favorable sales results巳.companies spent more money on advertising than they shouldC. people pay little attention to advertisingD. the more one advertises the better the sales picture72. In this instance, the purpose of motivation research was to discover ______________ .A. why people drink coffeeB. why instant coffee did not taste goodC. why regular coffee was successfulD. the real reason why people would not buy instant coffee73. This investigation indicated that ___________ .A. 50 per cent of housewives are lazyB. housewives who use instant coffee are lazyC. many women believe that wives who use instant coffee are lazyD. wives who use regular coffee are good planners74. On the results of this test, the producers probably revised their advertising to showa __________ .A. lazy housewife using regular coffee巳.hard-working housewife using instant coffeeC. lazy housewife using instant coffeeD. man obviously enjoying the taste of instant coffee75. _________ is implied but not stated.A. Despite its advantages, most people disliked instant coffee because of its tasteB. The advertising expenditure for instant coffee was greater than that for regular cof-feeC. Very often we do not know the real reasons for doing thingsD. Taste is the principal factor in determining what we buyPassage 6Questions 76 to 79 are based on the following passage.In recent years, there has been an increasing awareness of the inadequacies of the ju-dicial system in the United States. Costs are staggering both for the taxpayers and the liti-gants—and the litigants, of parties, have to wait sometimes many years before having their day in court. Many suggestions have been made concerning methods of amelioratingthe situation, but as in most branches of government, changes come slowly.One suggestion that has been made in order to maximize the efficiency of the。
2012年吉林大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2012年吉林大学考博英语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading ComprehensionStructure and V ocabulary1．Language, culture, and personality may be considered______of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.A．indistinctlyB．separatelyC．irrelevantlyD．independently正确答案：D解析：副词词义辨析。
根据句中Language，culture，and personality提供的信息，空格填入的词应与eachother意思相近。
选项中，independently意为“独立地，单独地”，强调与别人关系不大。
故答案为D。
indistinctly“不清楚地，分不清地”；separately“分离地”；irrelevantly“无关地，不相干地”。
2．The work was done in the______of reforms in the economic, social and cultural spheres.A．contextB．contestC．pretextD．texture正确答案：A解析：固定搭配。
in the context of reforms意为“在什么情况下的改革”，为固定搭配。
故答案为A。
3．The dean tried to retain control of the situation on campus, but his attempt was______by the board of trustees.A．approvedB．frustratedC．disclosedD．justified正确答案：B解析：动词词义辨析。
2012年考研英语完形填空真题及答案解析
2012年考研英语完形填空The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Yet, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law.1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless3. [A]restored [B]weakened[C]established [D] eliminated4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted5.[A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded6.[A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone7.[A]resorts [B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle9.[A]line [B]barrier[C]similarity [D]conflict10.[A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though12.[A]serve [B]satisfy[C]upset [D]replace13.[A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer14.[A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied15. [A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conceptions16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a result1.【答案】B?【解析】从空后信息可以看出，这句表达的是“_?_法官表现得像政治家”的情况下，法庭就不能保持其作为法律法规的合法卫士的形象，所以应该选C,maintain“维持，保持”，其他显然语义不2.【答案】A【解析】从第三段可以看出，文章认为法院和政治之间应该是有界限的。
吉林大学考博英语模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析)
吉林大学考博英语模拟试卷2(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. Structure and V ocabulary 2. Cloze 3. Reading ComprehensionStructure and V ocabulary1．Hidden hotel costs can be a source of frustration to the frugal traveler.A．carefulB．cleverC．ignorantD．economical正确答案：D解析：形容词词义辨析。
frugal意为“节省的，节俭的”。
选项中只有economical(节约的，节俭的)符合题目要求。
careful“小心的，仔细的”；clever “聪明的”；ignorant“无知的，愚昧的”。
故答案为D。
2．Thick with trees and sparse with homes, this tranquil area 50 miles north of Houston could be a slice of heaven.A．moltenB．sereneC．isolatedD．snobbish正确答案：B解析：形容词词义辨析。
tranquil意为”安静的，平静的”。
选项中只有serene(宁静的)符合题目要求。
故答案为B。
molten“熔化的”；isolated“与世隔绝的”；snobbish “势利眼的”。
3．Accommodations must be made for students with learning disabilities.A．criminalB．pumpC．psychologyD．lodgings正确答案：D解析：名词词义辨析。
accommodation意为“住处，膳宿”。
选项中只有lodging(寄宿处，寄宿，住房)符合题目要求。
故答案为D。
criminal“罪犯，犯罪者”；pump“水泵”；psychology“心理学”。
-吉林大学2012年考博英语完形填空及答案
吉林大学2012年考博英语完型填空真题及答案Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the correct choice for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET. The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. ___1___ these wide modern roads are generally ___2___ and well maintained, with___3___ sharp curves and straight sections, a direct route is not always the most ___4___ one. Large highways often pass ___5___ scenic areas and interesting small towns. Furthermore, these highways generally ___6___ large urban centers, which means that they become crowded with ___7___ traffic during rush hours, ___8___ the “fast, direct” route becomes a very slow route. However, there is almost always another route to take ___9___ you are not in a hurry. Not far from the ___10___ new “superhighways”, there are often older, ___11___ heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside. ___12___ of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads curving through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high ___13___ , or down frightening hillside to towns ___14___ in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places ___15___ the air is clean and scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have a chance to get a fresh, clean view of theworld.1. A. Although B. Since C. Because D. Therefore2. A. stable B. splendid C. smooth D. complicated3. A. little B. few C. much D. many4. A. terrible B. possible C. enjoyable D. profitable5. A. to B. into C. over D. by6. A. lead B. connect C. collect D. communicate7. A. large B. fast C. high D. heavy8. A. when B. for C. but D. that9. A. unless B. if C. as D. since10. A. relatively B. regularly C. respectively D. reasonably11. A. and B. less C. more D. or12. A. All B. Several C. Lots D. Some13. A. rocks B. cliffs C. roads D. paths14. A. lying B. laying C. laid D. lied15. A. there B. when C. which D. where参考答案1. A2. C3. B4. C5. D6. B7. D8. A9. B 10. A 11. B 12. D 13.B 14. A 15. D。
12年,英语考试,答案
KEYS(2012/12/30)A 卷PART I LISTENING COMPREHENSIONSection A1. D2. B3. C4. C5. A6. D7. B8. C9. BSection B10. C 11. C 12. A 13. A 14. B 15. BSection C16. mental distress17. feel a little low18. stay connected with19. budget and interests20. immersed inPART II VOCABULARY (10 minutes, 10 points )21. B 22. D 23. C 24. A25. A26. B 27. D 28. A29. C 30. B 31. B 32. A33. C 34. D 35. A36. C 37. B 38. D 39. B 40. B PART III CLOZE TEST (10 minutes, 10 points, 1 point each)41. D 42. A 43. B 44. B 45. D 46. C 47. A 48. D 49. C 50. B PART IV READING COMPREHENSION (45 minutes, 30 points, 1 point each)51. C 52. B 53. C 54. D 55. A 56. C 57. D 58. A 59. C 60. B 61. C 62. D 63. A 64. B 65. B 66. C 67. D 68. C 69. B 70. A 71. A 72. D 73. C 74. B 75. B 76. B 77. A 78. D 79. A80. C PART V TRANSLATION (30 minutes, 20 points)有关成功的故事使我们思考事业有成需要哪些因素以及获诺贝尔奖是什么样的感受。
2012英语一完形填空
2012英语一完形填空2012年英语一的完形填空真题如下：Directions:In this part, there is a passage with twenty blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in acomprehension questions. Each choice you select from the list will be marked as the correct answer. However, if the original word is one of the choices, you need to choose the same word.For each blank, you are given three choices, A, B and C (not necessarily consecutive). Select and fill in each blank with the word that best fits the context of the passage.Passage One:The first and smallest known land vertebrate that could produce vocalizations was the Tikanni缰Ggcreature. This small, shrew-like animal, which lived about 450 million years ago, used its extremelylong hind legs for jumping. The extremely long hind legs enabled it to jump to heights of nine meters, a skill that also helped it escape predators. It had a large, gaping mouth and sharp, pointed teeth that allowed it to catch and eat small prey. However, the most remarkable feature of this ancient creature was its ability to produce a range of high-pitched squeaks and squeals. This ability to produce vocalizations is thought to be the first known example of singing in the animal kingdom.1. The Tikanni缰Ggcreature was remarkable because it could ____.A. jump to great heightsB. catch and eat small preyC. produce vocalizations2. The Tikanni缰Ggcreature’s most remarkable feature was its ability to ____.A. jump to great heightsB. catch and eat small preyC. produce vocalizations3. The Tikanni缰Ggcreature’s mouth was adapted for ____.A. jumping to great heightsB. catching and eating small preyC. producing vocalizations4. The Tikanni缰Ggcreature could jump to heights of ____.A. 900 metersB. 9 metersC. 90 meters5. The Tikanni缰Ggcreature’s ability to produce vocalizations is thought to be ____.A. the first known example of singing in the animal kingdomB. the first known example of speaking in the animal kingdomC. the first known example of whistling in the animal kingdom。
2012年全国高考英语试题分类汇编之完形填空(含解析)
2012年全国高考英语试题分类汇编之完形填空含解析12012全国新课标阅读下面短文从短文后各题所给的四个选项AB C和D中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑Body language is the quiet secret and most powerful language of all It speaks 36 than words According to specialists our bodies send out more 37 than we realize In fact non-verbal communication 非言语交际 takes up about 50 of what we really 38 And body language is particularly 39 when we attempt to communicate across cultures文化 Indeed what is called body language is so 40 a part of us that its actually often unnoticed And misunderstandings occur as a result of it 41 different societies treat the 42 between people differently Northern Europeans usually do not like having 43 contact 接触even with friends certainly not with 44 People from Latin American countries 45 touch each other quite a lot Therefore its possible that in 46 it may look like a Latino is 47 a Norwegian all over the room The Latino trying to express friendship will keep moving 48 The Norwegian very probably seeing this as pushiness will keep 49 - which the Latino will in return regard as 50 _Clearly a great deal is going on when people 51 Andonly a part of it is in the words themselves And when partiesare from 52 cultures theres a strong possibility of 53But whatever the situation the best 54 is to obey the GoldenRule treat others as you would like to be 55 _文章大意本文是一篇说明文作者认为身势语比言辞更有效而身势语却常常被人们忽视在进行跨文化交流过程中身势语尤为重要作者以拉丁美洲人和挪威人为例进行了阐述最后作者指出不管什么情况最好的建议是对待别人像你希望被对待的那样你想别人怎么对待你你就怎样对待别人36 A straighter B louder C harderD further答案解析37 A sounds B invitations C feelings D messages答案解析sound声音invitation邀请feeling感觉message信息考点定位考查名词词义辨析及语境理解38 A hope B receive C discoverD mean答案解析hope希望receive 接收discover发现mean表达意思考点定位考查动词词义辨析及语境理解39 A immediate B misleading C importantD difficult答案解析immediate立刻misleading 误导的important重要的difficult困难的考点定位考查形容词词义辨析40 A well B far C muchD long答案解析41 A For example B Thus C However DIn short答案解析42 A trade B distance Cconnections D greetings答案解析trade交易 distance 距离 connection联系greeting问候考点定位考查名词词义及语境理解43 A eye B verbal C bodily Dtelephone答案解析eye 眼睛眼神verbal 言辞的 bodily身体的telephone电话考点定位考查语境理解44 A strangers B relatives C neighboursD enemies答案解析strangers陌生人relatives亲戚neighbours邻居enemies敌人考点定位考查名词词义45 A in other words B on the other hand C in a similarway D by all means答案解析on the other hand意为然而在另一方面然而拉丁美洲国家的人们相互接触的就很多考点定位考查插入语的含义及语境理解46 A trouble B conversation C silenceD experiment答案解析trouble 麻烦conversation对话 silence 沉默experiment实验考点定位考查名词词义辨析47 A disturbing B helping C guiding Dfollowing解析走考点定位考查动词词义及语境理解48 A closer B faster C in D away答案解析49 A stepping forward B going on C backing away D coming out答案解析step forward前进 go on 继续back away后退come out出来考点定位考查动词短语的含义及语境理解50 A weakness B carelessness Cfriendliness D coldness答案解析weakness虚弱 carelessness粗心friendliness 友谊coldness 冷淡考点定位考查名词词义51 A talk B travel C laugh D think答案解析52 A different B European C Latino D rich解析53 A curiosity B excitement C misunderstanding D nervousness答案解析54 A chance B time C resultD advice答案解析55 A noticed B treated C respectedD pleased答案解析阅读下面短文从短文后各题所给的四个选项 ABC和D 中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑AI was living in York 21 I had a lot of experience anda Masters degree I could not find 22 workI was 23 a school bus to make ends meet and 24 with a friend of mine for I had lost my flat I had 25 five interviews 面试 with a company and one day between bus runs they called to say I did not 26 the job Why has my life become so 27 I thought painfullyAs I pulled the bus over to 28 a little girl she handed me an earring 29 I should keep it 30 somebody claimed 认领 it The earring was painted black and said BE HAPPYAt first I got angry Then it 31 me – I had been giving all of my 32 to what was going wrong with my 33 rather than what was right I decided then and there to make a 34 of fifty things I was happy with Later I decided to 35 more things to the list That night there was a phone call for 36 from a lady who was a director at a larger 37 She asked me if I would 38 a one-day lecture on stress 压力 management to 200 medical workers I said yesMy 39 there went very well and before long I got a well-paid job To this day I know that it was because I changed my way of 40 that I completely changed my life文章大意本文是一篇夹叙夹议文章文章讲述了我20年前在纽约经历的一段艰难生活起初我虽然有经验和硕士学位但还是找不到满意的工作一个小女孩给我的一个耳环改变了我的生活从此以后我列了一个感到满意的50件事情清单并决定不断添加后来我终于找到了一份高薪的工作我知道正是因为我改变了我的思维方式才改变了我的生活21 A As B Though C If D When答案B解析尽管我有许多经验和硕士学位但还是不能找到满意的工作考点定位考查连词的含义及用法22 A successful B extra C satisfying D convenient答案C解析此处successful成功的 extra额外的satisfying令人满意的convenient方便的尽管我有许多经验和硕士学位但还是不能找到满意的工作考点定位考查形容词词义及语境理解23 A driving B repairing C taking D designing。
2012年高考完型填空全国各省带答案详解
2012年北京卷Inspiration“Mama, when I grow up, I’m going to be one of those!” I said this after seeing the Capital Dancing Company perform when I was three. It was the first time that my __36__ took on a vivid form and acted as something important to start my training. As I grew older and was __37__ to more, my interests in the world of dance __38__ varied but that little girl’s dream of someday becoming a __39__ in the company never left me. In the summer of 2005 when I was 18, I received the phone call which made that dream a __40__; I became a member of the company __41__ back to 1925.As I look back on that day now, it surely __42__ any sense of reality. I believe I stayed in a state of pleasant disbelief __43__ I was halfway through rehearsals (排练) on my first day.I never actually __44__ to get the job. After being offered the position, I was completely __45__.I remember shaking with excitement.Though I was absolutely thrilled with the change, it did not come without its fair share of __46__. Through the strict rehearsal period of dancing six days a week, I found it vital to __47__ up the material fast with every last bit of concentration. It is that extreme __48__ to detail (细节) and stress on practice that set us __49__. To then follow those high-energy rehearsals __50__ a busy show schedule of up to five performances a day, I discovered a new __51__ of the words “hard work.” What I thought were my physical __52__ were pushed much further than I thought __53__. I learned to make each performance better than the last.Today, when I look at the unbelievable company that I have the great __54__ of being a part of, not only as a member, but as a dance captain, I see a __55__ that has inspired not only generations of little girls but a splendid company that continues to develop and grow-and inspires people every day to follow their dreams.36. A. hobby B. plan C. dream D. word37. A connected B. expanded C. exposed D. extended38. A. rarely B. certainly C. probably D. consistently39. A. director B. trainer C. leader D. dancer40. A. symbol B. memory C. truth D. reality41. A. bouncing B. dating C. turning D. tracking42. A. lacks B. adds C. makes D. brings43. A. while B. since C. until D. when44. A. cared B. expected C. asked D. decided45. A. motivated B. relaxed C. convinced D. astonished46. A. challenges B. profits C. advantages D. adventures47. A. put B. mix C. build D. pick48. A. attention B. association C. attraction D. adaptation49. A. apart B. aside C. off D. back50. A. over B. by C. with D. beyond51. A. function B. meaning C. expression D. usage52. A. boundaries B. problems C. barriers D. efforts53. A. necessary B. perfect C. proper D. possible54. A. talent B. honor C. potential D. responsibility55. A. victory B. trend C. tradition D. desire文章大意：作者幼年时期希望进入舞蹈队，后来梦想成真以及由此引发的感想。
2012年考研英语(一)完型填空答案和原文出处
2012年考研英语(一)完型填空答案和原文出处2012年考研英语(一)完型填空答案和原文出处一、答案1. C2. A3. B4. D5. C6. A7. B8. A9. C 10. D11. B 12. D 13. A 14. C 15. B16. D 17. A 18. C 19. D 20. B二、原文出处以下是完型填空部分的原文出处。
原文：(1) For as long as capitalistic industrial processes have been in place, businesses have sought to get the maximum amount of 21 from their employees while spending the least amount of 22 on them.(2) During the industrial revolution, 23 men and women worked under terrible conditions for little pay.(3) The current push to increase productivity resembles that era.(4) Americans now work 164 more hours per year than they did in 1970, on 25 of new technologies that were supposed to reduce workloads.(5) Moreover, in the 20 years following 1990, 26 per capita rose by 45%, but salaries for college graduates only increased by 10%.(6) Companies claim they are 27 their best through improved efficiency, but trying to squeeze more work from fewer employees is taking its 28 .(7) Studies have shown that overwork can be 29 to both physical and mental health, as well as personal relationships.(8) The consequences of 30 are alarming, with skyrocketing stress levels leading to a host of health problems, 31 , and even death.(9) It is time for businesses to start 32 the wellbeing of their employees as essential to their own success.(10) Investing in 33 employees not only improves their quality of life, but also improves their productivity and loyalty.(11) It is a win-win situation for both workers and businesses.(12) By providing better work conditions, reasonable workloads, and fair pay, businesses can 34 the negative impacts of overwork.(13) When employees are well taken care of, they will be more focused, motivated, and efficient in their work.(14) This will ultimately contribute to the overall success and longevity of the business.(15) It is time to prioritize the 35 of employees and create a healthier work-life balance.原文出处：2012年考研英语(一)真题，完型填空第7题到第21题。
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吉林大学2012年考博英语完型填空真题及答案
Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the correct choice for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET. The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. ___1___ these wide modern roads are generally ___2___ and well maintained, with___3___ sharp curves and straight sections, a direct route is not always the most ___4___ one. Large highways often pass ___5___ scenic areas and interesting small towns. Furthermore, these highways generally ___6___ large urban centers, which means that they become crowded with ___7___ traffic during rush hours, ___8___ the “fast, direct” route becomes a very slow route. However, there is almost always another route to take ___9___ you are not in a hurry. Not far from the ___10___ new “superhighways”, there are often older, ___11___ heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside. ___12___ of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads curving through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high ___13___ , or down frightening hillside to towns ___14___ in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places ___15___ the air is clean and scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have a chance to get a fresh, clean view of the world.
1. A. Although B. Since C. Because D. Therefore
2. A. stable B. splendid C. smooth D. complicated
3. A. little B. few C. much D. many
4. A. terrible B. possible C. enjoyable D. profitable
5. A. to B. into C. over D. by
6. A. lead B. connect C. collect D. communicate
7. A. large B. fast C. high D. heavy
8. A. when B. for C. but D. that
9. A. unless B. if C. as D. since
10. A. relatively B. regularly C. respectively D. reasonably
11. A. and B. less C. more D. or
12. A. All B. Several C. Lots D. Some
13. A. rocks B. cliffs C. roads D. paths
14. A. lying B. laying C. laid D. lied
15. A. there B. when C. which D. where
参考答案
1. A
2. C
3. B
4. C
5. D
6. B
7. D
8. A
9. B 10. A 11. B 12. D 13. B 14. A 15. D。