吉林大学考博英语2012年真题.doc

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2012 年吉林省专升本考试英语真题

2012 年吉林省专升本考试英语真题1、42．—________ meat do you want?—Half a kilo. [单选题] *A．How much(正确答案)B．How manyC．WhatD．Which2、( ) .Would you please ______me the gifts from your friends? [单选题] *A.to showB. showingC. show(正确答案)D. shown3、20．Sometimes it often rains ________ in my hometown in summer. [单选题] * A．heavyB．hardlyC．heavily(正确答案)D．strongly4、In order to find the missing child, villagers _______ all they can over the past five hours. [单选题] *A. didB. doC. had doneD. have been doing(正确答案)5、July hardly joins in any class activities,_____? [单选题] *A. does she(正确答案)B. doesn't sheC. didn't sheD. is she6、--Do you know _______ girl with long curly hair?--Yes. She is Mary. She plays _______ piano very well. [单选题] *A. a; /B. the; /C. the; the(正确答案)D. a; the7、What do you think of the idea that _____ honest man who married and brought up a large family did more service than he who continued single and only talked of _____ population. [单选题] *A. a, /B. an, /C. a, theD. an, the(正确答案)8、16．Lily is a lovely girl. We all want to ________ friends with her. [单选题] *A．haveB．make(正确答案)C．doD．take9、93．Welcome ________ our school! [单选题] *A．to(正确答案)B．inC．atD．/10、My brother usually _______ his room after school. But now he _______ soccer. [单选题] *A. cleans; playsB. cleaning; playingC. cleans; is playing(正确答案)D. cleans; is playing the11、We are looking forward to _______ you again. [单选题] *A. seeB. sawC. seeing(正确答案)D. seen12、17．Joe is a good student and he is busy ______ his studies every day. [单选题] * A．inB．with(正确答案)C．byD．for13、Mary's watch is more expensive than _____. [单选题] *A. Susan's(正确答案)B. that of Susan'sC. that of SusanD. Susan14、My brother will come to see me tomorrow. I’ll meet?_______ at the airport. [单选题] *A. herB. youC. him(正确答案)D. them15、You should finish your homework as soon as possible. [单选题] *A. 赶快地B. 尽能力C. 一...就D. 尽快地(正确答案)16、—Are these your sheep? [单选题] *A）on grass at the foot of the hill.(正确答案)B. feedC.is fedD. is feeding17、She was seen _____ that theatre just now. [单选题] *A. enteredB. enterC. to enter(正确答案)D. to be entering18、We haven't heard from him so far. [单选题] *A. 到目前为止(正确答案)B. 一直C. 这么远D. 这么久19、—Excuse me, how long does it ______ to walk to the library? —About 15 minutes, I’m afraid.（）[单选题] *A. take(正确答案)B. spendC. costD. pay20、In the future, people ______ a new kind of clothes that will be warm when they are cold, and cool when they’re hot.（）[单选题] *A. wearB. woreC. are wearingD. will wear(正确答案)21、She found her wallet（）she lost it. [单选题] *A. where(正确答案)B. whenC. in whichD.that22、He made ______ for an old person on the bus. [单选题] *A. room(正确答案)B. roomsC. a roomD. some rooms23、39．__________ he was very tired, he didn’t stop working. [单选题] * A．Although (正确答案)B．WhenC．AfterD．Because24、34．My mother isn't in now, but she will be back ______ ten minutes. [单选题] * A．forB．beforeC．in(正确答案)D．at25、_____ rooms are both large and comfortable. [单选题] *A. Jack's and Jane's(正确答案)B. Jack and Jane'sC. Jack's and JaneD.Jack and Jane26、12．That is a good way ________ him ________ English. [单选题] *A．to help；forB．helps；withC．to help；with(正确答案)D．helping；in27、_____you may do, you must do it well. [单选题] *A.WhichB.WheneverC.Whatever(正确答案)D.When28、Jim will _______ New York at 12 o’clock. [单选题] *A. get onB. get outC. get offD. get to(正确答案)29、Boys and girls, please _______ your favorite book here and show it to us next class. [单选题] *A. bring(正确答案)B. sellC. buyD. take30、Tom is ____ honest man, so we all like to work with him. [单选题] *A. aB. an(正确答案)C. /D. any。

2012年医学博士外语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)

2012年医学博士外语真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 2. 3. 4. 5. PartⅢCloze 6. PartⅣReading Comprehension 7. PartⅤWritingSection A听力原文：M: Well, just keep your arm straight there. Fine, there will be a little prick like a mosquito bite. OK? There we go. Ok, I will send that sample off and we’ll check it. If the sample is ok, we won’t need to go on seeing you anymore. W: So you think I’m getting better? M: Absolutely. Q: What can be inferred from the conversation?1．A．The woman’s condition is critical.B．The woman has been picking up quite well.C．The woman’s illness was caused by a mosquito bite.D．The woman won’t see the doctor any more.正确答案：B解析：此题考点为细节信息再现。

女士问医生是不是好转了，医生回答说当然，故答案为B。

选项C是干扰项，医生让女病人伸直手臂，并说会有向蚊子叮咬的刺痛，prick的含义是“刺痛”。

听力原文：W: It’s Mr. Cong, isn’t it?M: That’s right. I saw you six months ago with a broken finger.W: Yes, of course. And is that all healing well?M: It’s fine.W: What can we do for you today?M: Well, I’ve been having these headaches in the front, about my eyes. It started two months ago.They seem to come on quite suddenly, and I get dizzy spell as well. Q: What is the trouble in the man now?2．A．A broken finger.B．A terrible cough.C．Frontal headaches.D．Eye problem.正确答案：C解析：此题考点为细节信息再现。

2012年吉大考博英语真题

2012年吉大考博英语真题Part I Vocabulary and Structure (30%) Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentencethere are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONEthat best completes the sentence. Then markthecorresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEETwith a single line through the center.1. Language, culture, and personality may be considered of each other in thought, butthey are inseparable in fact.A. indistinctlyB. separatelyC. inelevantlyD. independently2. The work was done in the of reformsin the economic, social and cultural spheres.A. contextB. contestC. pretextD. texture3. The dean tried to retain control of the situation on campus, but his attempt wasby the board of trustees.A. approvedB. frustratedC. disclosedD. justified4. Some journalists are found of overstating the situation so that their news may create agreat .A. explosionB. sensationC. exaggeratingD. stimulation5. There was little, if any, evidence to substantiate the gossip and, there was little todisprove it.A. by the same tokenB. under the same conditionC. at the same stageD. for the same purpose6. Every chemical change either results from energy being used to produce the change, or causesenergy to be in some form.A. given offB. put outC.debates and mass demonstrations.A. assumptionB. consumptionC. presumptionD. resumption11. The of a oultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physicalaspect in the life style of the people.A. implementationB. demonstcationC. manifestationD. expedition12. Reading the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes whatwe read our.A. rectitiesB. prolongsC. minimizesD. furnishes13. Previous studies provoked because the used patients whose diagnosiswasquestionable.A. contrlbutionB. contractionC. controversyD. convergence14. Although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close . A. temperament B. contamination C. scrutiny D. symmetry15. I never said anything like that at all You are purposely my ideas to prove yourpoints.A. revisingB. contradictingC. distortingD. distracting16. To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, companies must thequalities and varieties of their products to the world-market demand.A. forfeitB. enhanceC. guaranteeD. gear17.I was unaware of the critical points invoived, so my choice was quite .A. arbitraryB. rationalC. mechanicalD. unpredictable18. An important property of a scientifictheory is its ability to further research andfurther thinking about a particular topic.A. stimulateB. renovateC.arouse D. advocate19. All the off-shore oil explorers were inhigh spirits as they read lettersfrom theirfamilies.A. affectionateB. sentimentalC. intimateD. sensitive20. Whoever formulated the theory of theorigin of the universe, it is just and needs proving.A. spontaneousB. hypotheticalC. intuitiveD. empirical21.The ceremony will as soon as the president arrives.A. commendB. complyC. confrontD. commence22. The barbarous aggressors grew more andmore in slaughtering people andburningdown their houses.A. amorphousB. ferociousC. audaciousD. egregious23. Some of the words employed by Shakespeare in his works have become and are nolonger used in the present days.A. obsoleteB. obsceneC. obviousD. oblique24. Because of the economic slowdown, the government changed its policy to revenueby limiting commerce.A. disregardB. challengeC. diminishD. reject25. The spectators in the stadium cheered upwhen they saw hundreds of colorful balloons slowly into the sky.A. descendingB. ascendingC. escalatingD. elevating26. An increasing proportion of ourpopulation, unable to live without advancedmedical , will become progressivelymore reliant on expensive technology.A. interferenceB. interruptionC. interventionD. interaction27. Several intemational events in the early1990s seem likely to , or at least weaken,the trends that emerged in the 1980s.A. revoltB. revolveC. reverseD. revive28. Foreign disinvestments and the ofSouth Africa from world capital marketsafter1985 further weakened its economy.A. displacementB. eliminationC. exclusionD. exception29. We are moving towards a more and cooperative society ,which is gettingbetter and better.A fraternalB emotionalC exclusionD illegal30. The student were about whobell rang for their first class in the newsemester.A. foreseeingB. speculatingC. fabricatingD. ponderingPart III Reading Comprehension (60%) Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.When a disease of epidemic proportions rips into the populace, scientists immediately get to work, trying to locate the source of the affliction and find ways to combat it. Oftentimes, success is achieved, as medical science is able to isolate the parasite, germ or cell that causes the problem and finds ways to effectively kill or contain it. In the most serious of cases, in which the entire population of a region or country may be at grave risk, it is deemed necessary to protect the entire population through vaccination, so as to safeguard lives and ensure that the disease will not spread.The process of vaccination allows the patient’s body to develop immunity to thevirus or disease so that, if it is encountered, one can fight it off naturally. To accomplish this, a small weak or dead strain of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment, so that his body’s immune system can learn to fight the invader properly. Information on how to penetrate the disease’s defenses is transmitted to all elements of the patient’s immune system in a process that occurs naturally, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. This makes sure that, should the patient later come into contact with the real problem, his body is well equipped and trained to deal with it, having already done so before.There are dangers inherent in the process, however. On occasion, even the weakened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves too much for the body to handle, resulting in the immune case of thesmallpox vaccine, designed to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly wiped out the entire Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers. Approximately 1 in 10,000 people who receives the vaccine contract the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Thus, if the entire population of the United States were to receive the Smallpox Vaccine today, 3000 Americans would be left dead.Fortunately, the smallpox virus was considered eradicated in the early 1970s, ending the mandatory vaccination of all babies in America In the event of a re-introduction of the disease, however, mandatory vaccinations may resume, resulting in more unexpected deaths from vaccination. The process, which is truly a blessing, may indeed hide some hidden cures.51. How do vaccines protect humans from diseases according to paragraph two?A. By passing information on how to fightthe disease to the disease.B. By passing information on how to fightthe disease to the immune system.C. By weakening the disease so that theimmune system can defeat it.D. Introducing the disease to the body,so that survivors have already fought it.52. What does the example of the smallpox vaccine illustrate?A. The way that vaccines protect peoplefrom diseases.B. The effectiveness of vaccines ineradicating certain diseases.C. The practical use of a vaccine tocontrol an epidemic disease.D. The possible negative outcome ofadministering vaccines.53. The author argues that vaccinations are both a blessing and a curse because .A. saving the many would not necessarilyjustify the death of the few.B. some vaccines, such as the smallpoxvaccine, have negative side effects.C. they don’t always work.D. while many lives are saved, SOME AREACTUALLY KILLED BY THE VACCINT.54. The best title for the passage would be .A. “The Smallpox Vaccine: An Analysis”.B. “How Vaccines Work”.C. “Vaccines: Methods andImplications”.D. “A Warning on the Negative SideEffects of Vaccines”.55. The main purpose of the passage is to .A. convince the reader that vaccines arenot as safe as many think.B. educate the reader on how vaccines areused and some of their dangers.C. educate the reader on thecircumstances that would necessitatewidespread vaccinations.D. present the method by which vaccinesare used through the case of the smallpox vaccine.Passage TwoQuestions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Few natural dangers are more feared than avalanches. Avalanches are a familiar part of European history, Particularly in the Swiss and French Alps. This is where the direction of wars has turned almost instantly because of avalanches wiping out invading armies.In North America, avalanches are limited almost entirely to the Rocky Mountains and the lower ranges to the west, the Sierra Nevadas and the Cascades. Avalanches have occurred in the mountains of New England but not with the regularity and intensity seen in the western mountains.Several methods are used in explainingand predicting avalanches. Scientists and learning about them using research methods. So many of the factors that create avalanches are hidden beneath the snow’s surface that predictions are still largely guesswork. Therefore, winter travelers must assume the worst of conditions when the traverse the slopes.An avalanche occurs when a given amount of snow becomes too heavy for whatever is holding it in place. It then breaks loose and slides downhill.Avalanches are divided into two general categories, loose snow and slab. A loose snow avalanche usually starts at a single point, such as a skier’s track, and spreads out like a fan or a pyramid in a chain reaction. One crystal breaks another free, which multiples as the loose snow moves downhill. Sometimes these avalanches stop after only a few feet. Sometimes they move thousands of tons of snow downhill in speedsup to 300 miles per hour. This creates a shock wave that can flatten parts of a forest that are not even touched by the actual avalanche.Slab avalanches are those that have a wide area of snow which breaks loose in a large piece. These can range in size from just a few square feel to thousands of square feet of snow. The most dangerous and common type of avalanche for skiers is the so-called “soft slab” avalanche. This type occurs most often during, or just after a heavy snowfall. The snow hasn’t yet had a chance to settle and adhere to the temperature, the less likely the new snow will form a bond with theexisting snow.56. What would be the best title for this passage?A. AvalanchesB. The History of AvalanchesC. Skiers BewareD. Avalanches Can Kill57. According to the passage, how did avalanches affect wars?A. They hid the armies approaching thecity aiding in the attack.B. They killed the armies approaching thecity.C. They blocked paths into the city.D. They snowblinded the approachingarmies.58. According to the passage, what must skiers assume about avalanches when skiing?A. They only have to worry after a heavysnowfall.B. Avalanches only occur in the Swiss orFrench Alps.C. They should always expect that anavalanche will occur.D. When skiing in New England, they willnever have to worry about an avalanche.59. According to the passage, when is the most dangerous time for skiers?A. When the temperature is below 20degrees F.B. Right before a snowstorm.C. During a snowstorm.D. In the winter.60. According to the passage, which factor causes an avalanche?A. The slope of the mountain.B. The size of the snowfall.C. The amount and intensity of movementaround the snowfall.D. The weight of the snow.Passage ThreeQuestions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and research contradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in these statements, but they alsoignore deeper and more important relationships.Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at a research university because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college. Some professors, however, neglect teaching for research and that presents s problem.Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition is usually given for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching. A highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top students who want to be challenged but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. The mild professor gets overall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappointment on the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the systemshould present the greatest challenges. Thus, a university trying to promote professors primarily on the basis of teaching qualities would have to confront this confusion.As modern science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professors: one is the time needed to keep up with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach. The training of new scientists requires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the arts college. Although scientists are usually “made” in the elementary schools, scientists can be “lost” by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. The solution is not to separate teaching and research but to recognize that the combination is difficult but vital. The title of professor should be given only to those who profess and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those who profess and it is perhaps timefor universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professors unwilling to teach can be called “distinguished research investigators” of something else.The pace of modern science makes it increasingly difficult to be a great researcher and a great teacher. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we can separate teaching and research simply do not understand the system, but those who say the problem will disappear are not fulfilling their responsibilities.61. What idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?A. The relationship between teaching andresearch should not be simplified.B. Teaching and research arecontradictory.C. Research can never be emphasized toomuch.D. It is wrong to overestimate theimportance of teaching.62. In academic promotions research universities still attach more importance to research partlybecause .A. research improves the quality ofteaching.B. students who want to be challengedappreciate research professors.C. professors with achievements inresearch are usually responsible and tough.D. it is difficult to evaluate teachingquality objectively.63. According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following will the author probably agree with?A. Distinguished professors at researchuniversities should concentrate on research only.B. It is of utmost importance to improveteaching in elementary schools in orderto train newscientists.C. The separation of teaching fromresearch can lower the quality of future scientists.D. The rapid development of modernscience makes it impossible to combine teaching withresearch.64. The title of professor should be given only to those who first and foremost do .A. scientific researchB. teachingC. field workD. investigation65. The phrase “the problem” (Line 4, Para.5) refers to .A. raising the status of teaching.B. the separation of teaching fromresearch.C. the combination of teaching withresearch.D. improving the status of research.. Passage FourQuestions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage.Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know, and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. This they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through The Stock Exchange. By doing so, they can put into circulation thesavings of individuals and institutions, both at home and overseas.When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government or by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, this country could not function. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The Government, local authorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently needed to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they, too, come to The Stock Exchange.There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another, this new money must come from the savings of the country. The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.66. Almost all companies involved in new production and development must .A. rely on their financial resources.B. persuade the banks to providelong-term finance.C. borrow large sums of money from friendsand people we know.D. depend on the population as a whole forfinance.67. The money which enables these companies to go ahead with their projects is .A. repaid to its original owners as soonas possible.B. raised by the selling of shares in thecompanies.C. exchanges for part ownership in TheStock Exchange.D. invested in different companies on TheStock Exchange.68. When the savers want their money back they .A. ask another company to obtain theirmoney for them.B. look for other people to borrow moneyfrom.C. put their shares in the company backon the market.D. transfer their money to a moresuccessful company.69. All the essential services on which we depend are .A. run by the Government or our localauthorities.B. in constant need of financial support.C. financed wholly by rates and taxes.D. unable to provide for the needs of thepopulation.70. The Stock Exchange makes it possible for the Government, local authorities and nationalizedindustries .A. to borrow as much money as they wish.B. to make certain everybody saves money.C. to raise money to finance newdevelopments.D. to make certain everybody lends moneyto them.Passage FiveQuestions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage.The producers of instant coffee found their product strongly resisted in the market places despite their manifest advantages. Furthermore, the advertising expenditure for instant coffee was far greater than thatfor regular coffee. Efforts were made to find the cause of the consumers’seemingly unreasonable resistance to the product. The reason given by most people was dislike for the taste. The producers suspected that there might be deeper reasons, however. This was confirmed by one of motivation research’s classic studies, one often cited in the trade. Mason Haire, of the University of California, constructed two shopping lists that were identical except for one item. There were six items common to both lists: hamburger, carrots, baking powder, bread, canned peaches and potatoes, with the brands or amounts specified. The seventh item, in the fifth place on both lists, read “I lb. Maxwell House coffee” on one list and “Nescafe instant coffee” on the other. One list was given to each person in a group of fifty women, and the other list to those in another group of the same size. The women were asked to studytheir lists and then to describe, as far as they could, the kind of woman ( “personality and character”) who would draw up that shopping list. Nearly half of those who had received the list including instant coffee described a housewife who was lazy and a poor planner. On the other hand, only one woman in the other group described the housewife, who had included regular coffee on her list, as lazy, only six of that group suggested that she was a poor planner. Eight women felt that the instant-coffee user was probably not a good wife! No one in the other group drew such a conclusion about the housewife who intended to buy regular coffee.71. The fact that producers found resistance to their product despite the fact that they spent more advertising money on instant than regular coffee shows that .A. advertising does not assure favorablesales results.B. companies spent more money onadvertising than they should.C. people pay little attention toadvertising.D. the more one advertises the better thesales picture.72. In this instance, the purpose of motivation research was to discover .A. why people drink coffee.B. why instant coffee did not taste good.C. why regular coffee was successful.D. the real reason why people would notbuy instant coffee.73. This investigation indicated that .A. 50 per cent of housewives are lazy.B. housewives who use instant coffee arelazy.C. many women believe that wives who useinstant coffee are lazy.D. wives who use regular coffee are goodplanners.74. On the results of this test, the producers probably revised their advertising to show a .A. lazy housewife using regular coffee.B. hard-working housewife using instantcoffee.C. lazy housewife using instant coffee.D. man obviously enjoying the taste ofinstant coffee.75. Implied but not stated.A. Despite its advantages, most peopledisliked instant coffee because of its taste.B. The advertising expenditure for instantcoffee was greater than that for regular coffee.C. Very often we do not know the realreasons for doing things.D. Taste is the principal factor indetermining what we buy.Passage SixQuestions 76 to 80 are based on the following passage.In recent years, there has been an increasing awareness of the inadequacies of the judicial system in the United States. Costs are staggering both for the taxpayers and the litigants—and the litigants, of parties, have to wait sometimes many years before having their day in court. Many suggestions have been made concerning methods of ameliorating （改善）the situation, but as in most branches of government, changes come slowly.One suggestion that has been made in order to maximize the efficiency of the system is to allow districts that have an overabundance of pending cases to borrow judges from other districts that do not have such a backlog. Another suggestion is to use pretrial conferences, in which the judge meets in his chambers with the litigants and their attorneys in order to narrow theissues, limit the witnesses, and provide for a more orderly trial. The theory behind pretrial conferences is that judges will spend less time on each case and parties will more readily settle before trial when they realize the adequacy of their claims and their oppon ents’ evidence Unfortunately, at least one study has shown that pretrial conferences actually use more judicial time than they save, rarely result in pretrial settlements, and actually result in higher damage settlements.Many states have now established another method, small-claims courts, in which cases over small sums of money can be disposed of with considerable dispatch. Such proceedings cost the litigants almost nothing. In California, for example, the parties must appear before the judge without the assistance of counsel. The proceedings are quite informal and there is no pleading (辩护) —the litigants need to make only aone-sentence statement of their claim. By going to this type of court, the plaintiff (原告) waives (放弃) any right to a jury trial and the right to appeal the decision.76. The pretrial conference, in theory, is supposed to do all of the following except .A. narrow the issuesB. cause early settlementsC. save judicial timeD. increase settlement costs77. What is the main topic of the passage?A. All states should follow California’sexample in using small-claims courts in order to freejudges for other work.B. The legislature needs to formulatefewer laws so that the judiciary can catch up on itsolder cases.C. Nobody seems to care enough to attemptto find methods for making the judicialsystemmore efficient.D. While there are many problems with thecourt system, there are viable suggestions forimprovement.78. The word “litigants” means most nearly .parties in a lawsuit D. taxpayers79. Which of the following is true about small-claims courts?A. It is possible to have one’s case heard by a jury if he or she is dissatisfied with the court’s decision.B. The litigants must plead accurately and according to a strict form.C. The decision may not be appealed to a higher court.D. The parties may not present their cases without an attorney’s help.80. What can we assume from the passage?A. Most people who feel they have beenwronged have a ready remedy in courts of law.B. Many people would like to bring a caseto a court, but unable to because of thecost andtime required.C. The judicial system in the United States is highly acclaimed for its efficiency.D. Pretrial conferences will someday probably have replaced trials completely.。

东北师范大学吉林大学考博英语辅导：考博英语阅读理解习题

东北师范大学吉林大学考博英语辅导：考博英语阅读理解习题Most of us are taught to pay attention to what is said—the words.Words do provide us with some information，but meanings are derived from so many other sources that it would hinder our effectiveness as a partner to a relationship to rely too heavily on words alone.Words are used to describe only a small part of the many ideas we associate with any given message.Sometimes we can gain insight into some of those associations if we listen for more than words.We don't always say what we mean or mean what we say.Sometimes our words don't mean anything except“I'm letting off some steam.I don't really want you to pay close attention to what I'm saying.Just pay attention to what I'm feeling.”Mostly we mean several things at once.A person wanting to purchase a house says to the current owner，“This step has to be fixed before I'll buy.”The owner says，“It's been like that for years.”Actually，the step hasn't been like that for years，but the unspoken message is：“I don't want to fix it.We put up with it.Why can't you？”The search for a more expansive view of meaning can be developed of examining a message in terms of who said it，when it occurred，the related conditions or situation，and how it was said.When a message occurs can also reveal associated meaning.Let us assume two couples do exactly the same amount of kissing and arguing.But one couple always kisses after an argument and the other couple always argues after a kiss. The ordering of the behaviors may mean a great deal more than the frequency of the behavior.A friend's unusually docile behavior may only be understood by noting that it was preceded by situations that required an abnormal amount of assertiveness.Some responses may be directly linked to a developing pattern of responses and defy logic.For example，a person who says“No！”to a serials of charges like“You're dumb，”“You're lazy，”and“You're dishonest，”may also say“No！”and try to justify his or her response if the next statement is“And you're good looking.”We would do well to listen for how messages are presented.The words，“If sure has been nice to have you over，”can be said with emphasis and excitement or ritualistically.The phrase can be said once or repeated several times.And the meanings we associate with the phrase will change accordingly.Sometimes if we say something infrequently it assumes more importance；sometimes the more we say something the less importance it assumes.1.Effective communication is rendered possible between two conversing partners，if___.A.they use proper words to carry their ideas.B.they both speak truly of their own feelings.C.they try to understand each other's ideas beyond words.D.they are capable of associating meaning with their words.2.“I'm letting off some steam”in paragraph1means___.A.I'm just calling your attention.B.I'm just kidding.C.I'm just saying the opposite.D.I'm just giving off some sound.3.The house-owner's example shows that he actually means___.A.the step has been like that for years.B.he doesn't think it necessary to fix the step.C.the condition of the step is only a minor fault.D.the cost involved in the fixing should be shared.4.Some responses and behaviors may appear very illogical，but are justifiable if___.A.linked to an abnormal amount of assertiveness.B.seen as one's habitual pattern of behavior.C.taken as part of an ordering sequence.D.expressed to a series of charges.5.The word“ritualistically”in the last paragraph equals something done___.A.without true intention.B.light-heartedly.C.in a way of ceremony.D.with less emphasis.答案：ＤＢＡＢＣ本文由“育明考博”整理编辑。

2012年考研英语真题及答案解析

2012年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The ethical judgments of the Supreme Court justices have become an important issue recently. The court cannot _1_ its legitimacy as guardian of the rule of law _2_ justices behave like politicians. Y et, in several instances, justices acted in ways that _3_ the court’s reputation for being independent and impartial.Justice Antonin Scalia, for example, appeared at political events. That kind of activity makes it less likely that the court’s decisions will be _4_ as impartial judgments. Part of the problem is that the justices are not _5_by an ethics code. At the very least, the court should make itself _6_to the code of conduct that _7_to the rest of the federal judiciary.This and other similar cases _8_the question of whether there is still a _9_between the court and politics.The framers of the Constitution envisioned law _10_having authority apart from politics. They gave justices permanent positions _11_they would be free to _12_ those in power and have no need to _13_ political support. Our legal system was designed to set law apart from politics precisely because they are so closely _14_.Constitutional law is political because it results from choices rooted in fundamental social _15_ like liberty and property. When the court deals with social policy decisions, the law it _16_ is inescapably political-which is why decisions split along ideological lines are so easily _17_ as unjust.The justices must _18_ doubts about the court’s legitimacy by making themselves _19_ to the code of conduct. That would make rulings more likely to be seen as separate from politics and, _20_, convincing as law.1. [A]emphasize [B]maintain [C]modify [D] recognize2. [A]when [B]lest [C]before [D] unless3. [A]restored [B]weakened [C]established [D] eliminated4. [A]challenged [B]compromised [C]suspected [D] accepted5. [A]advanced [B]caught [C]bound [D]founded6. [A]resistant [B]subject [C]immune [D]prone7. [A]resorts [B]sticks [C]loads [D]applies8. [A]evade [B]raise [C]deny [D]settle9. [A]line [B]barrier [C]similarity [D]conflict10. [A]by [B]as [C]though [D]towards11. [A]so [B]since [C]provided [D]though12. [A]serve [B]satisfy [C]upset [D]replace13. [A]confirm [B]express [C]cultivate [D]offer14. [A]guarded [B]followed [C]studied [D]tied15. [A]concepts [B]theories [C]divisions [D]conceptions16. [A]excludes [B]questions [C]shapes [D]controls17. [A]dismissed [B]released [C]ranked [D]distorted18. [A]suppress [B]exploit [C]address [D]ignore19. [A]accessible [B]amiable [C]agreeable [D]accountable20. [A]by all mesns [B]atall costs [C]in a word [D]as a resultSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40 points)Text 1Come on –Everybody’s doing it. That whispered message, half invitation and half forcing, is what most of us think of when we hear the words peer pressure. It usually leads to no good-drinking, drugs and casual sex. But in her new book Join the Club, Tina Rosenberg contends that peer pressure can also be a positive force through what she calls the social cure, in which organizations and officials use the power of group dynamics to help individuals improve their lives and possibly the word.Rosenberg, the recipient of a Pulitzer Prize, offers a host of example of the social cure in action: In South Carolina, a state-sponsored antismoking program called Rage Against the Haze sets out to make cigarettes uncool. In South Africa, an HIV-prevention initiative known as LoveLife recruits young people to promote safe sex among their peers.The idea seems promising，and Rosenberg is a perceptive observer. Her critique of the lameness of many pubic-health campaigns is spot-on: they fail to mobilize peer pressure for healthy habits, and they demonstrate a seriously flawed understanding of psyc hology.” Dare to be different, please don’t smoke!” pleads one billboard campaign aimed at reducing smoking among teenagers-teenagers, who desire nothing more than fitting in. Rosenberg argues convincingly that public-health advocates ought to take a page from advertisers, so skilled at applying peer pressure.But on the general effectiveness of the social cure, Rosenberg is less persuasive. Join the Club is filled with too much irrelevant detail and not enough exploration of the social and biological factors that make peer pressure so powerful. The most glaring flaw of the social cure as it’s presented here is that it doesn’t work very well for very long. Rage Against the Haze failed once state funding was cut. Evidence that the LoveLife program produces lasting changes is limited and mixed.There’s no doubt that our peer groups exert enormous influence on our behavior. An emerging body of research shows that positive health habits-as well as negative ones-spread through networks of friends via social communication. This is a subtle form of peer pressure: we unconsciously imitate the behavior we see every day.Far less certain, however, is how successfully experts and bureaucrats can select our peer groups and steer their activities in virtuous directions. It’s like the teacher who breaks up the troublemakers in the back row by pairing them with better-behaved classmates. The tactic never really works. And that’s the problem with a social cure engineered from the outside: in the real world, as in school, we insist on choosing our own friends.21. According to the first paragraph, peer pressure often emerges as[A] a supplement to the social cure[B] a stimulus to group dynamics[C] an obstacle to school progress[D] a cause of undesirable behaviors22. Rosenberg holds that public advocates should[A] recruit professional advertisers[B] learn from advertisers’experience[C] stay away from commercial advertisers[D] recognize the limitations of advertisements23. In the author’s view, Rosenberg’s book fails to[A] adequately probe social and biological factors[B] effectively evade the flaws of the social cure[C] illustrate the functions of state funding[D]produce a long-lasting social effect24. Paragraph 5shows that our imitation of behaviors[A] is harmful to our networks of friends[B] will mislead behavioral studies[C] occurs without our realizing it[D] can produce negative health habits25. The author suggests in the last paragraph that the effect of peer pressure is[A] harmful[B] desirable[C] profound[D] questionableText 2A deal is a deal-except, apparently ,when Entergy is involved. The company, a major energy supplier in New England, provoked justified outrage in V ermont last week when it announced it was reneging on a longstanding commitment to abide by the strict nuclear regulations.Instead, the company has done precisely what it had long promised it would not challenge the constitutionality of V ermont’s rules in the federal court, as part of a desperate effort to keep its V ermont Y ankee nuclear power plant running. It’s a stunning move.The conflict has been surfacing since 2002, when the corporation bought V ermont’s only nuclear power plant, an aging reactor in V ernon. As a condition of receiving state approval for the sale, the company agreed to seek permission from state regulators to operate past 2012. In 2006, the state went a step further, requiring that any extension of the plant’s license be subject to V ermont legislature’s approval. Then, too, the company went along.Either Entergy never really intended to live by those commitments, or it simply didn’t foresee what would happen next. A string of accidents, including the partial collapse of a cooling tower in 207 and the discovery of an underground pipe system leakage, raised serious questions about both V ermont Y ankee’s safety and Entergy’s management–especially after the company made misleading statements about the pipe. Enraged by Entergy’s behavior, the V ermont Senate voted 26 to 4 last year against allowing an extension.Now the company is suddenly claiming that the 2002 agreement is invalid because of the 2006 legislation, and that only the federal government has regulatory power over nuclear issues. The legal issues in the case are obscure: whereas the Supreme Court has ruled that states do havesome regulatory authority over nuclear power, legal scholars say that V ermont case will offer a precedent-setting test of how far those powers extend. Certainly, there are valid concerns about the patchwork regulations that could result if every state sets its own rules. But had Entergy kept its word, that debate would be beside the point.The company seems to have concluded that its reputation in V ermont is already so damaged that it has noting left to lose by going to war with the state. But there should be consequences. Permission to run a nuclear plant is a poblic trust. Entergy runs 11 other reactors in the United States, including Pilgrim Nuclear station in Plymouth. Pledging to run Pilgrim safely, the company has applied for federal permission to keep it open for another 20 years. But as the Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) review s the company’s application, it should keep it mind what promises from Entergy are worth.26. The phrase “reneging on”(Line 3.para.1) is closest in meaning to[A] condemning.[B] reaffirming.[C] dishonoring.[D] securing.27. By entering into the 2002 agreement, Entergy intended to[A] obtain protection from V ermont regulators.[B] seek favor from the federal legislature.[C] acquire an extension of its business license .[D] get permission to purchase a power plant.28. According to Paragraph 4, Entergy seems to have problems with its[A] managerial practices.[B] technical innovativeness.[C] financial goals.[D] business vision29. In the author’s view, the V ermont case will test[A] Entergy’s capacity to fulfill all its promises.[B] the mature of states’patchwork regulations.[C] the federal authority over nuclear issues .[D] the limits of states’power over nuclear issues.30. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that[A] Entergy’s business elsewhere might be affected.[B] the authority of the NRC will be defied.[C] Entergy will withdraw its Plymouth application.[D] V ermont’s reputation might be damaged.Text 3In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound.Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researcher’s me, here, now becomes the community’s anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works it through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individual’s discovery claim into the community’s credible discovery.Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing Knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Azent-Gyorgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.In the end, credibility “happens”to a discovery claim – a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each other’s reasoning and each other’s c onceptions of reason.”31. According to the first paragraph, the process of discovery is characterized by its[A] uncertainty and complexity.[B] misconception and deceptiveness.[C] logicality and objectivity.[D] systematicness and regularity.32. It can be inferred from Paragraph 2 that credibility process requires[A] strict inspection.[B]shared efforts.[C] individual wisdom.[D]persistent innovation.33.Paragraph 3 shows that a discovery claim becomes credible after it[A] has attracted the attention of the general public.[B]has been examined by the scientific community.[C] has received recognition from editors and reviewers.[D]has been frequently quoted by peer scientists.34. Albert Szent-Györgyi would most likely agree that[A] scientific claims will survive challenges.[B]discoveries today inspire future research.[C] efforts to make discoveries are justified.[D]scientific work calls for a critical mind.35.Which of the following would be the best title of the test?[A] Novelty as an Engine of Scientific Development.[B]Collective Scrutiny in Scientific Discovery.[C] Evolution of Credibility in Doing Science.[D]Challenge to Credibility at the Gate to Science.Text 4If the trade unionist Jimmy Hoffa were alive today, he would probably represent civil servant. When Hoffa’s Teamsters were in their prime in 1960, only one in ten American government workers belonged to a union; now 36% do. In 2009 the number of unionist s in America’s public sector passed that of their fellow members in the private sector. In Britain, more than half of public-sector workers but only about 15% of private-sector ones are unionized.There are three reasons for the public-sector unions’thriving. First, they can shut things down without suffering much in the way of consequences. Second, they are mostly bright and well-educated. A quarter of America’s public-sector workers have a university degree. Third, they now dominate left-of-centre politics. Some of their ties go back a long way. Britain’s Labor Party, as its name implies, has long been associated with trade unionism. Its current leader, Ed Miliband, owes his position to votes from public-sector unions.At the state level their influence can be even more fearsome. Mark Baldassare of the Public Policy Institute of California points out that much of the state’s budget is patrolled by unions. The teachers’unions keep an eye on schools, the CCPOA on prisons and a variety of labor groups on health care.In many rich countries average wages in the state sector are higher than in the private one. But the real gains come in benefits and work practices. Politicians have repeatedly “backloaded”public-sector pay deals, keeping the pay increases modest but adding to holidays and especially pensions that are already generous.Reform has been vigorously opposed, perhaps most egregiously in education, where charter schools, academies and merit pay all faced drawn-out battles. Even though there is plenty of evidence that the quality of the teachers is the most important variable, teachers’ unions have fought against getting rid of bad ones and promoting good ones.As the cost to everyone else has become clearer, politicians have begun to clamp down. In Wisconsin the unions have rallied thousands of supporters against Scott Walker, the hardline Republican governor. But many within the public sector suffer under the current system, too.John Donahue at Harvard’s Kennedy School points out that the norms of culture in Western civil services suit those who want to stay put but is bad for high achievers. The only American public-sector workers who earn well above $250,000 a year are university sports coaches and the pre sident of the United States. Bankers’ fat pay packets have attracted much criticism, but a public-sector system that does not reward high achievers may be a much bigger problem for America.36. It can be learned from the first paragraph that[A] Teamsters still have a large body of members.[B] Jimmy Hoffa used to work as a civil servant.[C] unions have enlarged their public-sector membership.[D]the government has improved its relationship with unionists.37. Which of the following is true of Paragraph 2?[A] Public-sector unions are prudent in taking actions.[B] Education is required for public-sector union membership.[C] Labor Party has long been fighting against public-sector unions.[D]Public-sector unions seldom get in trouble for their actions.38. It can be learned from Paragraph 4 that the income in the state sector is[A] illegally secured.[B] indirectly augmented.[C] excessively increased.[D]fairly adjusted.39. The example of the unions in Wisconsin shows that unions[A]often run against the current political system.[B]can change people’s political attitudes.[C]may be a barrier to public-sector reforms.[D]are dominant in the government.40. John Donahue’s attitude towards the public-sector system is one of[A]disapproval.[B]appreciation.[C]tolerance.[D]indifference.Part BDirections:In the following text, some sentences have been removed. For Questions 41-45, choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blanks. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the blanks. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET1.(10 points)Think of those fleeting moments when you look out of an aeroplane window and realise that you are flying, higher than a bird. Now think of your laptop, thinner than a brown-paper envelope, or your cellphone in the palm of your hand. Take a moment or two to wonder at those marvels. Y ou are the lucky inheritor of a dream come true.The second half of the 20th century saw a collection of geniuses, warriors, entrepreneurs and visionaries labour to create a fabulous machine that could function as a typewriter and printing press, studio and theatre, paintbrush and gallery, piano and radio, the mail as well as the mail carrier. (41)The networked computer is an amazing device, the first media machine that serves as the mode of production, means of distribution, site of reception, and place of praise and critique. The computer is the 21st century's culture machine.But for all the reasons there are to celebrate the computer, we must also tread with caution.(42)I call it a secret war for two reasons. First, most people do not realise that there are strong commercial agendas at work to keep them in passive consumption mode. Second, the majority of people who use networked computers to upload are not even aware of the significance of whatthey are doing.All animals download, but only a few upload. Beavers build dams and birds make nests. Y et for the most part, the animal kingdom moves through the world downloading. Humans are unique in their capacity to not only make tools but then turn around and use them to create superfluous material goods - paintings, sculpture and architecture - and superfluous experiences - music, literature, religion and philosophy. (43)For all the possibilities of our new culture machines, most people are still stuck in download mode. Even after the advent of widespread social media, a pyramid of production remains, with a small number of people uploading material, a slightly larger group commenting on or modifying that content, and a huge percentage remaining content to just consume. (44)Television is a one-way tap flowing into our homes. The hardest task that television asks of anyone is to turn the power off after he has turned it on.(45)What counts as meaningful uploading? My definition revolves around the concept of "stickiness" - creations and experiences to which others adhere.[A] Of course, it is precisely these superfluous things that define human culture and ultimately what it is to be human. Downloading and consuming culture requires great skills, but failing to move beyond downloading is to strip oneself of a defining constituent of humanity.[B] Applications like , which allow users to combine pictures, words and other media in creative ways and then share them, have the potential to add stickiness by amusing, entertaining and enlightening others.[C] Not only did they develop such a device but by the turn of the millennium they had also managed to embed it in a worldwide system accessed by billions of people every day.[D] This is because the networked computer has sparked a secret war between downloading and uploading - between passive consumption and active creation - whose outcome will shape our collective future in ways we can only begin to imagine.[E] The challenge the computer mounts to television thus bears little similarity to one format being replaced by another in the manner of record players being replaced by CD players.[F] One reason for the persistence of this pyramid of production is that for the past half-century, much of the world's media culture has been defined by a single medium - television - and television is defined by downloading.[G]The networked computer offers the first chance in 50 years to reverse the flow, to encourage thoughtful downloading and, even more importantly, meaningful uploading.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Y our translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that itmight entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too.(47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar.A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraintsGray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universalsSection III WritingPart A51. Directions:Some internationals students are coming to your university. Write them an email in the name of the Students’Union to1) extend your welcome and2) provide some suggestions for their campus life here.Y ou should write about 100 words on ANSWER SHEET2.Do not sign your name at the end of the letter. Use “Li Ming”instead.Do not write the address(10 points)Part B52. Directions: write an essay of 160-200 words based on the following drawing. In your essay you should1) describe the drawing briefly2) explain its intended meaning, and3) give your commentsY ou should write neatly on ANSWER SHEET2.(20 points)参考答案Section I: Use of English1.B2.A3.B4.D5.C6.B7.D8.B9.A10.B11.A12.C 13.C 14.D 15.A16.C 17.A18.C 19.D 20.DSection II: Reading ComprehensionPart A21.D 22.B 23.A24.C 25.D26.C 27.D 28.A29.D 30.A31.A 32.B 33.B 34.D 35.C36.C 37.D 38.B 39.C 40.APart B41. C 42.D 43. A 44.F 45.GPart C46. 物理学中的一个理论把这种归一的冲动发挥到了极致，它探寻一种万有理论——一个关于我们能看到的一切的生成方程式。

2012年专升本英语考试真题及解析17页

山东省2012年普通高等教育专升本统一考试英语试卷一第一部分: 听力理解（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分)Part I Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said.Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once.Short Conversations1. A) Give a speech in Professor Jones class.B) See Professor Jones after class.C) Postpone her meeting with Professor Jones.D) Go to the beach with her friends.2. A) Anything but some meat.B) Some fruit only.C) Nothing.D) Some meat and fruit.3. A) The man. B) The woman’s mother.C) The baker. D) The woman.4. A) By plane. B) By ship.C) By car. D) By bus.5. A) 76 B) 67C) 59 D) 696. A) He stopped smoking.B) He still smokes.C) He used to smoke 20 cigarettes a day.D) He smokes 10 cigarettes a day.7. A) It was better. B) It was a disaster.C) It was not good enough. D) It was great.8. A) Sales clerk and customer. B) Doctor and patient.C) Waitress and customer. D) Teacher and student.Long Conversation 1Questions 9 to 12 are based on the conversation you have just heard.9. A) They’re roommates.B) They’re families.C) They’re cousins. D) They’re friends.10. A) She easily got nervous while speaking in front of others.B) She missed her psychology class.C) She had not finished her homework.D) She failed the English exam.11. A) Go to psychology class.B) Get fully prepared before speaking in public.C) Try to forget about people while speaking in public.D) Never speak in public.12. A) Men become nervous more than women.B) Children become nervous more easily than adults.C) It’s common for women to get nervous.D) Women become nervous more than men.Long Conversation 2Questions 13 to 14 are based on the conversation you have just heard.13. A) Expensive.B) Interesting.C) Waste of time.D) Boring.14. A) Because he has nothing else to do.B) Because it helps him to get a job in the future.C) Because he loves studying.D) Because he is interested in business management.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 2 passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some question. Both the passage and the question will be spoken only once. Afteryou hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choice markedA)、B)、C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer. Sheet with asingle line through the center.Passage OneQuestion 15 to 17are based on the conversation you have just heard.15. A). A letter of invitation.B). A letter of recommendation.C). A letter of introduction.D). A letter of application.16. A). 1997B). 1992C). 1990D). 200017). A). Brigitte once changed her job.B). Brigitte has never been to Dublin.C). Brigitte is going to get married in Dublin.D). Brigitte is a native English speaker.Passage TwoQuestions 18 to 20 are based on the conversation you have just heard.18. A). A college in Switzerland.B). A college in Sweden.C). A college in Britain.D). A college in America.19. A). That all the students agreed to accept Elizabeth.B). That most of the students didn’t mind wh ether to accept her or not.C). That some felt proud to have a woman student on the campus.D). That some thought Liza’s idea very interesting.20. A). Because a famous politician supported her.B). Because he thought her idea was interesting.C). Because he took proud in training the world’s first woman doctor.D). Because he was forced to do so.第二部分：词汇和语法结构（本大题共30小题，每小题0.5分，共15分）Part II Vocabulary and StructureDirections:There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A) B) C) and D).Choose the answer that best completes. Thenmark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line thought thecenter.21. Marry has come; I will put ___________plate on the dining table.A) a further B) a spareC) an extra D) more22. After interviewing several workers, she came to a (an) ___________that their working conditions were very poor.A) observation B) illustrationC) conclusion D) qualification23. He is a student of great intelligence and diligence. ___________, he is a top student in the class.A) Undoubtedly B) FortunatelyC) Nevertheless D) In spite24. Silk and nylon look alike but they ___________ in origin and cost.A) refer B) inferC) differ D) prefer25. What we would like you to know is that we greatly ___________your timely help.A) compliment B) appreciateC) thank D) attach26. Mr. Brown had an unusual ___________: he was first an office clerk, then a sailor, and ended up as a school teacher.A) position B) occupationC) profession D) career27. It was ___________of you to get up to catch the first bus so that you could avoid traffic jam.A) reasonable B) sensibleC) sentimental D) sensitive28. Her beauty can not ___________her stupidity.A) make out of B) make forC) make at D) make up for29. Community service can ___________ anything from gardening to helping in old pe ople’s homes.A) involve B) askC) insist D) remain30. There seems to be an electrical problem. I’ll get someone to ___________it.A) look at B) look intoC) look upon D) look out31. After the war, Germany became one of Europe’s most ___________ countries.A) prosperous B) improvedC) swift D) interested32. New computers are soon out of date since newer models are ___________ constantly.A) turned up B) turned overC) turned down D) turned out33. The scene in the movie ___________him of his childhood.A) recalledB) rememberedC) recollectedD) reminded34 The football match was televised ___________from the Worker’s Stadium.A) live B) livingC) alive D) lively35. Color-blind people often find it difficult to___________ blue and green.A) compare B) contrastC) distinguish D) separate36. Mike’s uncle insists ___________ in this hotel.A) that he not stayB) staying notC) not to stayD) that he would not stay37. The office was in darkness ___________ the light over his desk.A) besides B) exceptC) except for D) rather than38. The old lady sat in an armchair, her cat ___________ beside her.A) lay B) lyingC) lied D) laying39. I appreciate ___________ to your home.A) to have invitedB) to be invitedC) having invitedD) being invited40. We are living in an age ___________many things are done on the computer.A) that B) whichC) whose D) when41. We could do nothing but ___________till he came back.A) waiting B) waitC) to wait D) waited42. ___________is known to the world, Mark Twain is a great American writer.A) As B) WhichC) It D) That43. The driver admitted that not only___________, but he didn’t have a driving license either.A) he was not insured B) he was insured notC) was he not insured D) was not he insured44. She hardly ever leaves the house after ten at night, ___________?A) nor does she B) does sheC) so does she D) doe sn’t she45. The reason Beethoven went away to the country is___________ he was gradually going deaf.A) since B) thatC) because D) as46. She wanted to know what ___________at the meeting.A) has happenedB) was happenedC) had happenedD) had been happened47. Nobody but Smith and John ___________ in the lab yesterday.A) wereB) had beenC) was beD) was48. Mary has just bought herself ___________ dress.A) a cotton expensive blueB) an expensive blue cottonC) a blue expensive cottonD) a cotton blue expensive49. Such an idea would never occur ___________ me.A) to B) withC) from D) on50. Alice, ___________where to find the book, asked her mother where the book was.A) with no knowledgeB) never knowC) not knowingD) not to know第三部分：阅读理解（本大题共20小题,共30分).Part III Reading ComprehensionSectionA.Directions: There are 3 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choice marked A), B), C) andD). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on theAnswer Sheet with a single line through the centre.Passage OneStrange things happen to time when you travel, because the earth is divided into twenty four time zones, one hour apart. You can have days with more than twenty-four hours, and weeks with more or fewer than seven days.If you make a five-day trip across the Atlantic ocean, your ship enters a different time zone every day. As you enter each zone, the time changes one hour. Traveling west, you set your clock back; traveling east, you set it ahead. Each day of your trip has either twenty-five of twenty-three hours.If you travel by ship across the Pacific, you cross the international date line. By agreement, this is the point where a new day begins. When you cross the line, you change your calendar one full day, backward or forward. Traveling east, today becomes yesterday, traveling west, it is tomorrow!51. The difference in time between zones is _________ ．A) more than seven daysB) twenty-four hoursC) one hourD) seven days52. From this selection, it seems true that the Atlantic Ocean ______．A) is in one time zoneB) cannot be crossed in five daysC) is divided into five time zonesD) is divided into twenty-four zones53. If you cross the Atlantic Ocean going east，you set your clock ______．A) ahead one hour in each new time zoneB) head by twenty-three hoursC) back one full day for each time zoneD) ahead one hour for the whole trip54.. The International Date Line is the name for _______．A) any time zone in the Pacific OceanB) any point where time changes by one hourC) the point where a new day beginsD) the beginning of any new time zonePassage TwoMost people have had a dog or wanted one as their companion at some time in their lives. If you are thinking of buying a dog, however, you should first decide what sort of companion you need and whether the dog is likely to be happy in the surroundings you can provide. Specialist advice is available to help you choose the most suitable breed of dog. But in part, the decisiondepends on common sense. Different dogs were originally developed to perform specific tasks. So, if you want a dog to protect you or your house, for example, you should choose a breed that has the right size and characteristicsYou must also be ready to devote a good deal of time to train the dog when it is young and give it the exercise it needs throughout its life, unless live in the country and can let it run freely. Dogs are demanding pets. Cats love the house and so are satisfactory with their place which is secure, but a dog is loyal to its master and consequently wants him to show proof of his affection.The best time to buy a baby dog is when it is between 6 and 8 weeks old so that it can transfer its affection from its mother to its master. If baby dogs have not established a relationship with the human being until they are over three months old, their strong relationship will always be with dogs. They are likely to be too shy when they are brought out into the world to become good pets.55. Which of the following is Not true according to the passage?A) Size and characteristics of the dogs should be considered too.B) It is common sense that is the most important when choosing a dog.C) You should decide what kind of dog you want.D) You can always get help from the specialists.56. What is mentioned as a consideration in buying a dog?A) The price of the dog.B) The color of the dog.C) Whether the dog will fit the environment.D) Whether the dog will get along with the other pets in the house.57. Why does the writer say a dog is a more demanding pet than a cat?A) It must be looked after carefully.B) It demands more food and space.C) It needs more love and care.D) It must be trained so that it won’t bite.58. Why is it advised to buy a baby dog under three months old?A) It’s easier to buy a baby dog under three months old.B) They are less likely to run away.C) They are less likely to be shy with human beings.D) It’s easier for them to form a relationship with their masters.Passage ThreeStudents who want to attend an American college or university must explain how they will pay for their education. They have to show that they will be able to pay for each year of study.Students have to consider not only the tuition, the cost of classes, but also meals and a place to live, known as room-and-board. They also need money for books , supplies ,social activities and other things.Educational advisers say foreign students should keep enough money in a local bank to pay for at least two months of spending. So how much will it cost every year to study at an American school? Generally speaking, the answer is: a lot. The University of Washington says foreign students are paying more than thirty-six thousand dollars this year. Its website says the Universityof Washington does not offer financial assistance to international students.This is generally true of American schools, especially at the undergraduate level. It means foreign students are faced with a heavy financial burden.The international application for the university includes a Statement of Financial Responsibility that must be signed. Students must also provide a bank letter or statement from within the past six months. And they have to name anyone who will help with payments. These people must send proof from a bank to show that they have the money.The government or employer may be able to help you pay all or some college costs. A good idea is to ask at least eighteen months before you want to start classes in the United States.Enough time should be ensured to go through procedures.59. Which statement is true according to the first paragraph?A) Foreign students in America can hardly support themselves.B) They should show that they are able to pay the first year of their study.C) Room-and-board refers to the expense on meals and accommodation.D) Students intending to attend an American college or university should explain who will payfor their education.60. According to educational advisers, how many months of expense should be ensured by foreign students?A) At least two months.B) At least six months.C) At least twelve months.D) At least eighteen months.61. What is Not included in the international application for the university?A) A signed Statement of Financial Responsibility.B) A name list of anyone who will offer help for payments.C) A bank statement issued in the past six months.D) Proofs from banks showing that the students have got the money.62. American universities _________ to international students at the undergraduate levelA) sometimes offer partial financial assistance.B) occasionally offer financial assistance.C) generally do not offer financial assistance.D) always offer financial assistance.Section B.Directions: Match the Chinese sentences in the left column with the English in the right column.Mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through thecentre.山东省2012年普通高等教育专升本统一考试英语试卷二第四部分翻译（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分）Part IV TransalationSection ADirections:Put the following sentences into Chinses.All of them are taken from the passages you have just read.71 Traveling west, you set your clock back; traveling east, you set it ahead._______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ 72 Different dogs were originally developed to perform specific tasks._______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________73 A dog is loyal to its master and consequently wants him to show proof of his affection_______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________74 This is generally true of American schools, especially at the undergraduate level._______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________75 The government or employer may be able to help you pay all or some college costs._______________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________Section BDirections:Put the following sentences intoEmglish.76 我喜欢农村生活胜过城市生活。

2012年英语真题答案.doc

Section ⅠUse of English2012年的完型填空是有关美国司法官伦理和政治关系的一篇文章，出自New York Times, June, 30th , 2011的“Ethics, Politics and the Law”一文。

选材回归了2000年完型曾出过的法律类文章，而且和当年一样，也是包含几个小段落，不像以往的文章，三段或者四段论，脉络比较清晰，结构容易把握。

而且，较去年比较“平易近人”的文章，这篇法律类文章背后有一定的背景知识，比较关注时事或者对这一块儿有所了解的同学，会相应得心应手一些。

另外，20道题目中，多达13题都是在考查动词，虽然选项中基本不存在干扰项，除了15题一道考查两词的辨析之外，其他的选项含义都差别甚远，按理说值得高兴。

但是这些考查动词的题目中，许多都考查对于熟词僻义的掌握情况，往年就是08年出现了3处，今年也出现3处。

仅有2道题考查逻辑词，而且这两道题是送分题，不需要考虑太多。

一向是命题人偏爱的以“able”作后缀的形容词依然出现(19题)。

下面就真题作一个详细解析。

和以往一样，第一句话不设空，帮助同学们理解全文探讨的话题：美国高等法庭司法官的伦理道德问题。

题1选B。

maintain. 此空有赖于对后文的理解。

这直接体现了我们作完型的整体思路，也就是首先通读全文。

尤其是看到最后一段直接给出提议：希望法官和政治划清界限从而保证自己的权威性，因此全文的导向和逻辑就非常清晰了。

同时，题2答案(when)也顺势而出：如果法官们和政治家一样，法庭就不能捍卫自己作为法律卫道士的权威。

题2选A。

这里的when其实表示条件关系，即“如果……。

”题3选择weakened。

上下文语义题+词义辨析。

选项含义差别较大，要求对上下文逻辑关系掌握清楚。

Yet表示一个转折：“即使这样，还是有很多法官这样做，损害了法庭独立和公正的名声。

” 本题如果能把导向把握准，即可定位在B和D两项，D项eliminated 过于绝对，排除。

2012年吉林省专升本考试英语真题(含1-30答案)

2012年吉林省专升本考试英语真题1.考生必须在答题卡上答题，用2B铅笔将准考证号代码涂黑，其余用钢笔或圆珠笔填写2.用2B铅笔将答题卡上的正确选项涂黑，修改时必须用橡皮将涂错地方擦干净。

3.本试卷第Ⅰ，Ⅱ，Ⅳ，Ⅴ部分，每题1分；第Ⅲ部分，每题2分。

4.本试卷满分为100分，答题时间为90分钟。

1.Vocabulary(15Points)Directions.There are 15 incommplete sentences in this part.For each sentence,there are 4 choices marked A,B,CandD.Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1.Jesus was the founder of the Christian .A.religionB.religiousC.religionlessnessD.religionist2. is an institution in most societies.A. MarryB. MarriedC.To marryD.Marriage3.Testing results showed that he had the ability of a 14-year-old schoolboy!Yet,some scientists were still .They formed a group to retest him.A.gruntB.happyC.suspiciousD.somer4.They’re tearing these old houses to put up a new office building.A.downB.upC.up and downD.in5.People became very when they heard the news.A.exciteB.excitedC.wasexcitdeD.to excited6.“And finally,”I finished,”I like animals because they’renot hypocrites.They don’t say one thing and do another.They are,asI’ve said,honest……”(What’s meaning about“hypocrites?”)wton was a(n) singer until the age of 40,when he turned professional.A.amsteurB.primaryC.adequateD.dynamic8.Every child is , with his or her own needs and preferences.A.awfulB.onlyC.uniqueD.free9.I could’t who the lady dressed in red was.A.understandB.watch outC.calculateD.figure out10.He tried to pay to what she was saying.A.FOCUSB.attentionC.interestD.creation11.The shopping center sells a of goods.A.surveyB.stimulationbinationD.variety12.Leonardo da Vinci was well for his jokes and funny stories.A.knownB.beenC.downD.seen13.When you go to a zoo,you may see a lot of there.A.fruitsB.vegetablesC.booksD.animals14.Chinese consider the number four to be unluckey because of sounds like the world for .A.luckyB.goodC.deathD.pass15.His main in life is to earn as much money as possible.A.missionB.missbleC.sessionmissionⅡ.Structure(15 Points)Directions：There are 15 incommplete sentences in this part.For each sentence,there are 4 choices marked A,B,CandD.Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.16.He promised the secret.A.to keepB.keepingC.keepD.kept17. the teacher came from Russia,he was poor.A.As ifB.WhatC.UnlessD.When18.--- one of them is Liu Xiang？Is he the small man on the right? ---No.He is the tall man on the left.A.WhyB. ThisC.WhichD.When19.I’m sure you’ll have no difficulty the examination.A.passB.passingC.passedD.to passing20.I’m very busy present,Can I call you back later?A.offB.toC.atD.any21.Until then,his family from him for 6 mouths.A.not heardB.hadn’t heardC.haven’t heardD.will not heard22.Only when the war ended .A.did people come backB.did come back peopleC.people did come backe back did people23.I was listening to the radio while my brother the computer games.A．was playing B.would play C.was to play D.played24.The most important is not you do,but you do it.A.what…whichB.what…whatC.what…howD.how…which25.I would have never been able to finish those three miles if I you.A.amB.isC.wereD.was26.A good administrator should know of he is carrying out a correct measure.A.how to be firmB.to have firmnessC.to be firmD.the way of firmness27.This man,as well as his father,always the largest fish.A.catchingB.catchC.catch toD.catches28.Longjing well-know tea.A.IS……\B.is……aC.was……\D.are……a29.How can we endeavor the brevity of human life?A.to prolongB.prolongingC.prolonged Dprolong30.His uncle was the only person that he could depend on he was in America.A.as ifB.thatC.whileD.whatⅢ.Reading Comprehension(40 Points)Directions：There are 4 passages in this part.Each passage is followed by some questions.For each of them,there are four choices markedA,B,CandD.You shpuld decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage oneOnly a people far away from home knowa what homesickness is.It is the welling-up tears in your eyes,the lump in you throat,the waving hands when the train is drawing out of the station and taking you away home.It is the strength with which you walk the three miles to your home with heavy bags in your hands after a long tiring trip,and the halt,excitement,and hesitation at the doorstep.It is the impatience,anxiety,misery,fear,andwild guesses when you are waiting for a letter form home,It is the never fading joy of reading it again in bed.It is the unusual patience and indomitable willpower with which you go to the ticket office at midnight and stand in a long line before the small window,and the ecstasy when you at last get a ticket at 10o’clock the next morning.It is the sudden delight of closeness that strikes you when you meet a person from the same town,or even a stranger who has just been there.It is the eagerness to ask about everything,the trees,the hills,andyour dear old folks.It is the sparking eyes when come upon a few words zbout your hometown is one corner of a newspaper.31.The title of paeeage is Homesicknedd,so how do translate it?A.跨国恋B.思乡情C.兄弟盟D.慈母心32.Which kind of perpon knows”homesickness”?A.Most of femalesB.Most of malesC.A perpon far away form homeD.A perpon like walking in the park33.According to the passage,when you meet a perpon fron the same town,you willA. eagerness to ask about everything,the trees,the hills,and your dear old folks.B.want to tell them you are so happy in this cityC. to say nothing with themD.reading the letter again ang again.34.What’s the meaning of the word”impatience”(line1.para4)A.视而不见B.想家C.害怕D.没有耐心，焦急35.According to the passage,ticket office belongs to(line2,para4) ,A.hospitalB.train stationC.middle schoolD.supermarket passage twoWheter you’re on a dinner or at a business lunch,you have to show those you’re with that you are well-edaucated,and then the following suggestions may help you a lot.Don’t speak with food in you mouth No one wants to see what you are chewing or listen to you talk with a mouthfui food.If you’re asked aboutsomething and mouth is full,signal your apologies and,if your dining partners are refined,theywill patiently wait until you’re able to reply.So,eat sloely and converse with your tablemates.Don’t reach across anyone When dining with others.don’t reach over,politelty ask someone to pass the bread.When they do,take the tray or baskest and offer the passer a piece of bread before taking one.If the bread is in front of you,pass it to the perpon beside you and,if they know good etiquette,they will offer you the tray.Don’t make bodily noises Avoid coughing and nose blowing.If you need to cough or sneeze,turn you head away from the table and cover your mouth with your napkin.An inappropriate burp or fart may get you high mark with your friends,but it’ll ruin the meal for anyone eles36.According to the passage,you if you have good table manners.A.are very proud of yourselfB.are highly respectedC.are greatly welcomeD.are well-educated37.What does the suggest for people to have good table manners、A.Signaling apologies directlyB.Talking politelyC.Waiting patientlyD.Eating slowly38.You had better if you want to get the food far from you.A.bravely reach over for itB.patiently wait until it is your turnC.politely ask someone to pass it to youD.slowly get up and go closely to it39.If you need to cough or sneeze,A.pass it to the person beside youB.pass it to the person beside you and,if they know good etiquette,they will offer you the tray.C.turn your head away form the table and cover your mouth with your napkin.D.signal your apologies.40.According to the passage,which of the following can be seen as bad table manners？A.Cleaning your eyes in order to hear talking about others.B.Taking a piece of bread and then giving one to the passer.C.Talking with a mouthful of food.D.BandC.Passage threeRose is a sanitation worker in a restaurant, a much honored one. She has been awarded for her “excellent work and satisfactory service”by the National Tourism Administration four times since she took the job 6years ago.Her job seems simple. Every morning, she is required to clean two washrooms, two bathrooms, two locker rooms, the balcony and thecorridor. But it is hard and demanding work, especially for a girl who suffers from heart disease. “I usually have to come at 8:30—half an hour before the working time begins, and start to bustle in and out without a break,”says Liu. At 11 o’clock—the opening time of the restaurant, everything is washed up. So is she. Then she stands in front of the washrooms to greet every guest with a smile, help them and do the cleaning whenever it is necessary.“It is unusual work for such a young woman,”says the manager of the restaurant. “It is not only the hard work but also the psychological pressure that she has to stand.”Four year ago, she was honored as Excellent Sanitation Worker by the National Tourism Administration. It was the happiest day of her life. “Standing on the stage, I cried, because it is not only a prize, but a kind of understanding and recognition,”Rose says.In spite of the heavy work during the daytime, Liu spends every night learning from her sister’s textbooks. “Sometimes I read till 3 o’clock in the morning and get up at 6 to go to work,”she says.Two yeas ago, she passed the entrance examination for the “Worker College,”and this year, she obtained a diploma in finance. Her thesis was selected for excellence and was honored at the commencement. 41.Rose is a/anA．doctor in a hospital. cator in a middle school.C.sanitation worker in a restaurant.D.manager in pany.42.The underlined sentence in second paragraph meansA.She wants to have heart disease.B.She is a doctor cute the heart disease.C.She is a patient of heart disease.D.She go to restaurant and eat some foods.43.Which time is the restaurangt’s opening time?A.8:30B.9:00C.9:30 D11:0044.Which kind of diploma Rose did obtain?A.worker collegeB.financeC.linguisticD.heart disease45.In Rose’s opinion,honored as Excellent Sanitation Worker isA.a diploma in finance she obtained.B.a prize.C.a kind of understanding and recognition.D.not only a prize,but a kind of understanding and recognition Passage fourLinda received three messagesFirst messages:Second message:Third message46.If Linda wants to go auditorium with David,she’ll notA. go swimming with JulianB.to dinner with Tom&TonyC.to see the movie with DavidD.None of them47.Where will Linda has dinner with Tom&Tony?A.RestaurantB.AuditoriumC.Their apartmentD.Swimming pool48.What’s the meaning of “Hamlet”in third message?A.呼啸山庄B.双城记C.李尔王D.王子复仇记49.How many hours will the movie last?A.1 hourB.2 hoursC.3 hoursD.more than 2 hours50.If linda decided to dinner with Tom&Tony,which one she also can do?A.Swimming with JuliaB.Go to the film with DavidC.Swimming and dancingD.She can’t do anythingⅣ.Cloze(10 Points)People tend to talk 51 stress as if it’s all bad.Actually it’s not. “Some stress is good 52 you,”Dr.Sternberg says.”I have to get my stress response to a certain level so I can perform in front of a largewhen I give talk.”But while some stress is good 53 is not good.”If you’re too stressed, your performance falls off.”Dr Sternberg says.”The objective should be not to get rid of stress completely 54 you can’t get rid of stress—stress is life,life is stress.Rather you need to be able to use your stress response positively.”The key is 55 to move yourself to that ideal point so that you’re not underperforming but you’re also not so stressed 56 you ‘re unable to perform.How much we’re able to do that is the challenge.Dr. Sternberg admits.This may not be possible in all situation, 57 for all people,because just as with the animals Dr.Sternberg studied,some people may have a more sensitive stress response than 58 .“But your goal should be try to learn to 59 your stress to make it work for you,”Dr. Sternberg says. “Don’t just think of 60 your stressyour stress;think of turning it to your advantage.51.A. about B．to Ｃ．In Ｄ．on52.A. so B．for Ｃ．on Ｄ．in53. A.too many B．many to Ｃ．much too Ｄ．too much54. A.if B．because Ｃ．because of Ｄ．so55. A. to learn B．being learning Ｃ．learn Ｄ．be learning56. A.a B．to Ｃ．that Ｄ．who57. A. but B.as Ｃ．both Ｄ．or58. A.another B．others Ｃ．other Ｄ．any another59. A. treat B．open Ｃ．control Ｄ．close60. A.to avoid B．aviod Ｃ．have been avoid Ｄ．AvoidingⅤ.Translation(20 Points)Directions：There are four choices marked A,B,CandD.You shpuld choose the best translation and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet61.He came to Chicago in 1998 and has lived here ever since.A.他于1992年来到芝加哥，之后从没在这里住过。

博大考神2012年职称英语考试理工类B级真题试卷及参考答案(一)

博大考神2012年职称英语考试理工类B级真题试卷及参考答案（一）第一部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。

1. All the walls in the building had the same (layout).A. sizeB. functionC. colorD. arrangment答案：D2. The storm caused( severe) damage.A. physicalB. accidentalC. seriousD. enviromental答案：C3. The walls are made of( hollow) concret blocks.A. bigB. emptyC. longD. new答案：B4. Our aim was to (update) the health service and we succeeded.A. offerC. modernizeD. fund答案：C5. Do we have to wear these name (tags)?A. listsB. formsC. lablesD. codes答案：C6. Joe came to the window as the crowd (chanted) ”Joe,Joe,Joe”A. repeatedB. jumpedC. maintainedD. approached答案：A7. He (inspired) many young people to take up sports.A. encouragedB. allowedC. calledD. advised答案：A8. The city center was (wiped out) by the bomb.A. coveredC. destroyedD. moved答案：C9. Most baby can (take in) a wide range of food easily.A. bringB. digestC. keepD. serve答案：B10. A large crowd (assembled) outside the American embassy.A. watchedB. shoutedC. gatheredD. walked答案：C11. The weather was (crisp) and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.A. freshB. hotC. heavyD. windy答案：A12. What( puzzles) me is why his books are so popular.A. shocksB. influencesC. confusesD. concerns答案：C13. I think $7 a drink is a bit (steep), don’t you?A. tightB. lowC. cheapD. high答案：D14. The (contempt) he felt for his fellow students was obvious.A. needB. hateC. loveD. pity答案：D15. Her comments about men are (utterly) ridiculous.A. slightlyB. partlyC. faintlyD. completely答案：D第二部分：阅读判断(第16~22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。

2012年博思BULATS考试真题及答案

2012年博思BULATS考试真题及答案Listening sectionThe recordings for Part 1 and Part 4 of the Listening section are played twice.The recordings for Part 2 and Part 3 of the Listening section are only played once.Listening Part 1 Understanding short extracts (10 questions)You listen to some short recordings (about 20 seconds long) and try to understand what they are talking about, or who is talking or what they are trying to say in each one.Example: You look at this on the question paper.Part OneQuestions 1–10●You will hear 10 short conversations.●For questions1–10, circle one letterA, BorCfor the correct answer.●You will hear each conversationtwice.1Which is the gate number for the flight to Bangkok?A BCThen you listen to this.InstructionsQuestion 1. Which is the gate number for the flight to Bangkok?Announcement: Attention all passengers waiting at Gate 17 for flight BA203 to Bangkok. Please proceed immediately to Gate 12 where your plane will be boarding shortly.The correct answer is B.Listening Part 2 Taking down messages, notes, etc. (12 questions)You listen to three phone conversations. For each one, you have a form or message to complete, using the information you hear in the conversation. You hear each conversation only once.Example: You look at this on the question paper.Conversation OneQuestions 11–14●Look atQuantity/Amount: (14)Then you listen to this.Instructions:Conversation One, questions 11 to 14.Look at the form below. You will hear a man calling toplace an order.Man: I’d like to make an order please.Woman: Certainly, sir. Could you give me your name, please?Man: Yes, it’s Ken Saunders.Woman: How do you spell Saunders, please?Man: S-A-U-N-D-E-R-S. Saunders.Woman: And the name of your company is ...?Man: Greenlight Communications, 201 Hall Road, Manchester.Woman: What was the name of the road again?Man: Hall, H-A-L-L.Woman: And could I take a telephone number and fax number?Man: Telephone 064 313 988, fax 064 318 006.Woman: Thank you very much. Now can I take your order?Man: It’s for some computer desks. They’re model 00519 in your catalogue.Woman: And how many did you want to order?Man: SixWoman: Right. The computer desks are ￡800 each, sothat will be a total of ￡4,800 for six, plus ￡50 transportation charges. That makes a total of ￡4,850. As soon as we receive your cheque or bank draft, we’ll despatchthem to you. Delivery usually takes between 2 and 3 weeks.Man: Good. I’ll post it to you today.The correct answers are: 11 Saunders12 064 318 00613 computer desk(s)14 6Listening Part 3 Understandplaced the typewriter and are standard equipment in almost every office. But how safe are they? As more and more people begin using them, there is a degree of controversy about their effects on health. There are some operators who report experiencing a number of symptoms –from relatively minor complaints like headaches and itching skin to more serious back and shoulder problems.The correct answer is C.Reading and Language Knowledge sectionReading Part 1, Section 1 Understanding notices and short extracts (7 questions)You read some common notices or extracts from letters, forms, adverts, lea.ets, etc. You answer one question about each one.Example:. . . See enclosed brochure for details and levels of compensation.AYou should write to us for details about compensation.BDetails about compensation are given in a separate document.CYou will find more information on compensation on the next page.The correct answer is B.Reading Part 1, Section 2 Sentences with a gap (6 questions)Each sentence must be completed using only one of the four choices available.Example:●Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.●For questions58–63, markoneletterA, B, CorDon your Answer Sheet.58My job frequently involves having to work ………………..intense pressure.AbelowBunderCbeneathDunderneWomen running their own businessAccording to recent research, a third of new companies set up in Britain are run by women. Typical examples are Lisa Simons, who started up her own highly successful clothing shops in London with a loan of ￡15,000 from her bank, and Kate Rogers, who set upCellar Caf ésfive years ago and sold out to a major restaurant chain this month, at a profit of ￡3 million.There are many other examples.Surprise, a mail order company selling unusual gifts, had a turnover of $4 million last year. The company was started by Claire Fuller five years ago in a garage, but later moved into premises in the centre of Coventry. Similarly, Nina Taylor started her company,NC Books, in an old warehouse in Bristol. A lawyer by training, she had no previous experience of the retail trade but believes that this worked to her advantage. ‘Having no knowledge of the book trade,’she says, ‘allowed me to bring fresh ideas into the business.’64One-third of new British businessesAconsist of chain companies.Bare owned or managed by women.Coperate within the food sector.65What does the second paragraph tell us about the company calledSurprise?AThe company delivers its products by post.BThe company has made a profit every year.CThe company operates from a garage.The correct answers are: 64 B, 65 AReading Part 1, Section 4 Filling gaps in a text (5 questions)world’s beauty product chains. The daughter of Spanish immigrants, she ...…….(71)….…born and educated in Britain.She opened her first Beauty Boutique in 1976 and it was .........(72)......... popular that she opened five more shops in 3 years. ..........(73).......... then business has developed at an amazing rate, and the chain of Beauty Boutiques ..........(74).......... now expanding all over the world.The correct answers are: 70 the, 71 was, 72 so, 73 Since, 74 areReading Part 2, Section 1 Finding information in shorttexts (7 questions)You read four short texts, such as adverts, product descriptions, etc. Then you match different sentences with each of those texts.Example:●Read these sentences and the job advertisements on the next page.●Which job does each sentence75–81refer to?●For each sentence, mark one letterA, B, C or Don your Answer Sheet.75You need to have experience of working with newspapers.76You have to be able to use a computer.BExecutive DirectorThe Women’s Environment Network (WEN) is looking for a highly motivated, inspiring woman to lead one of Britain’s most successful environmental campaigning and information organisations.Experience required includes management and organisational skills, media, writing and editing experience and a knowledge of the environment and/or women’s movement. You will need to run campaigns and m questions)This section tests your knowledge of grammar and vocabulary. You have a text with .ve words missing.You are given a choice of four words for each gap and you have to choose the best one.Example:●Read this letter about buying a computer.●Choose the best word to fill each space from the words below.●For each question82–86, markoneletterA, B, C or Don your Answer Sheet.1 AprilDear Mr WhiteRe: Supply of XR6 WorkstationsI have pleasure in confirming our ability to meet your requirements for the Silicon Graphics workstation. In view of your special needs, I suggest that you place your order for the agreed equipment as soon as possible. The ........(82)........time for hardware for example is 6 weeks from receipt of order to ........(83)........ . Thus, an order placed with us tomorrow will ........(84)........ delivery to your site by the week commencing Monday, 15th May. All orders must be accompanied by a ........(85)........ of 20% of the total amount shown on theattached ........(86)........ .Yours sincerelyVincent LawSales Manager82AdeliveryBarrivalCtransportDpostage83AinstitutionBinitiationCintroductionDinstallation84AcompelBensureCpromiseDmaintain85AportionBcostCdepositDdiscount86AchequeBquotationCchargeDdemandThe correct answers are: 82 A, 83 D, 84 B, 85C, 86BReading Part 2, Section 3 Filling gaps in a text (5 questions)You have a text with .ve words missing. You have to think of a.…1960s, John was working in America, selling British sports cars. It was hard work but …….….(88)….…….. he was there, he saw a magazine with pictures of cars for sale. The magazine was regional and anyone ….…….(89)…….……. advertise their car in it for a relatively small fee. What impressed John most was that ……….…(90)….……. single advertisement had a picture of the car, unlike normal newspaper adverts, which just provided a written description.Returning to Britain, John put all of his savings into producing a magazine like the one he ….……..(91)….………seen in the States. He started in the London region but was soon producing similar magazines for twelve more regions and, by 1990, for three other countries as well.The correct answers are: 87 the, 88 while, 89 could, 90 every, 91 hadReading Part 2, Section 4 Sentences with a gap (6 questions)Example:●Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.●For questions92–97, markoneletterA, B, C, or Don your Answer Sheet.92The successful applicant will have a proven track ……………….. in project management.AhistoryBrecordCcurriculumDperformance93When replying, please ……………….. the above reference number.AreferBreproduceCquoteDalludeThe correct answers are: 92 B, 93 CReading Part 2, Section 5 Understanding a longer text (6 questions)You read a longer text, such as part of a business report, a newspaper article, etc. Then you answer some detailed questions on it.Example:●Read the article below about careers advice and answer questions98–103on the opposite page.●For questions98–103, markoneletterA, B, CorDon your Answer Sheet.Keys to unlock path of career fulfillmentIt used to be called vocational guidance. Then it became careers advice and counsellin Returning to Britain, John put all of his savings into producing a magazine like the one he ….……..(91)….………seen in the States. He started in the London region but was soon producing similar magazines for twelve more regions and, by 1990, for three other countries as well.The correct answers are: 87 the, 88 while, 89 could, 90 every, 91 hadReading Part 2, Section 4 Sentences with a gap (6 questions)Example:●Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence.●For questions92–97, markoneletterA, B, C, or Don your Answer Sheet.92The successful applicant will have a proven track ……………….. in project management.AhistoryBrecordCcurriculumDperformance93When replying, please ……………….. the above reference number.AreferBreproduceCquoteDalludeThe correct answers are: 92 B, 93 CReading Part 2, Section 5 Understanding a longer text (6 questions)You read a longer text, such as part of a business report, a newspaper article, etc. Then you answer some detailed questions on it.Example:●Read the article below about careers advice and answer questions98–103on the opposite page.●For questions98–103, markoneletterA, B, CorDon your Answer Sheet.Keys to unlock path of career fulfillmentIt used to be called vocational guidance. Then it became careers advice and counsellinBut good careers advisors need to look at other factors when giving advice. For example, career counselling is flawed if it fails to allow for the possibility of people adapting to, and changing, their jobs once they are in them. Most organisations attempt through various explicit (induction, mentoring, training, appraisal) and implicit (reliance on observation) techniques to mould behaviour into an acceptable pattern. This means that attitudes and even aptitudes of employeesmay be changed over the first year of employment, sometimes, but not always, in the direction desiredby the organisation. Thus what was a ‘fit’may easily and quickly develop into a misfit and vice versa.Individuals also change their jobs without leaving them. They rearrange furniture, use space and technology differently and personalise different aspects of the job. They can negotiate with colleagues, earn special privileges and use other means to improve their role and output. In this sense, very soon they are doing the job differently from their predecessors, and possibly from the way recommended by the company. However, both adaptation of personal workstyle and attempts to change the way of doing the job are more likely to lead to a higher level of "it" because thechanges are usually all attempts to increase "it"98What does the writer say about careers advice in the first paragraph?AThose receiving it have sometimes disagreed with it.BIt hasDMany are unclear about what to expect from employees.The correct answers are: 98 C, 99 AReading Part 2, Section 6 Correcting errors in a text (7 questions)You have a text with at least seven lines. Some lines have errors in them. You have to say which lines have errors and then correct them.Example:●Your secretary has given you this letter for checking.●In some lines there is one wrong word.●If there is a wrong word, write the correct word on your Answer Sheet.●If there is no mistake, put a tick (.) on your Answer SheetExample:0 üOne of the items you ordered from our catalogue00 temporarilyis temporary out of stockDear Mr. RoseIt was a pleasure to meet you the other day. I was very grateful104that you were able to find some times in your busyschedule to visit us.105I thought it should be helpful if I had put on paper some of the points we106agreed on at our meeting and indicated some with the action points.The correct answers are: 104 time, 105 would, 106 v.。

2012年英语试博士试题

Ⅰ.Complete each of the following sentences with the best answer. (0.5’*40)1.Until he took off his glasses __________.A. I didn’t recognize himB. I hadn’t recognized himC. didn’t I recognize himD. hadn’t I recognized him2.We can __________ that after some time our farmers will be able to __________ international competition.A. expect; fit themselvesB. presume; adjust toC. assume; adapt toD. suppose; get used to3. A good reader can tell the difference between words that sound __________, and know ____________ to usethem.A. like; why and howB. alike; why and whereC. like how and whereD. alike; when and how4.90 percent of all English writing ____________ 1,000 basic words.A. is consistedB. consist ofC. consists ofD. consisted5.____________ to develop his talent, Adam could become an excellent artist.A. AllowedB. AllowingC. Being allowedD. Have been allowed6.Don’t ever drive past a hitchhiker, ____________?A. will youB. don’t youC. do youD. can you7.As a senior professor she should have known better ____________ to get involved in such a scandal.A. and notB. but notC. thanD. than not8.His power was seriously ____________ by a succession of crises, and when he died, a bitter power struggle____________.A. weakened; was ensuedB. eroded; ensuedC. damaged; followedD. reduced; occurred9.Leonardo da Vinci ____________ caged birds in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.A. was said to buyB. is said to buyC. has said to buyD. is said to have bought10.In China, customers pay far less for a DVD than ____________ countries.A. those in manyB. in manyC. those in many otherD. in many other11.____________dull he may be, he is certainly a very successful top executive.A. AlthoughB. whateverC. AsD. However12.The party, ____________I was the guest of honour, was extremely enjoyable.A. by whichB. for whichC. to whichD. at which13.If only I ____________ play the guitar as well as you!A. wouldB. couldC. shouldD. might14.It’s high time we ____________ cutting down the rainforests.A. stoppedB. had to stopC. shall stopD. stop15.The student said there were a few points in the essay he ____________ impossible to comprehend.A. has foundB. was findingC. had foundD. would find16.Loudspeakers were fixed in the hall so that everyone____________ an opportunity to hear the speech.A. ought to haveB. must haveC. may haveD. should have17.I am surprised____________ this city is a dull place to live in.A. that you should thinkB. by what you are thinkingC. that you would thinkD. with what you were thinking18.Susan is very hardworking, but her pay is not____________ for her work.A. enough goodB. good enoughC. as good enoughD. good as enough19.It is imperative that the government ____________ more investment into the shipbuilding industry.A. attractsB. shall attractC. attractD. has tond belongs to the city; there is ____________ thing as private ownership of land.A. no such aB. not suchC. not such aD. no such21.My daughter has walked eight miles today. We never guessed that she could walk____________far.A. /B. suchC. thatD. as22.The statistics ____________ that living standards in the area have improved drastically in recent times.A. provesB. is provingC. are provingD. prove23.There are only ten apples left in the baskets, ____________ the spoilt ones.A. not countingB. not to countC. don’t countD. having not counted24.It was ____________we had hopedA. more a success thanB. a success more thanC. as much of a success asD. a success as much as25.There used to be a petrol station near the park, ____________?A. didn’t itB. doesn’t thereC. usedn’t it?D. didn’t there26.It is an offence to show ____________ against people of different races.A. distinctionB. differenceC.separationD. discrimination27.A great amount of work has gone into ____________ the Cathedral to its previous splendour.A. refreshingB. restoringC. renovatingD. renewing28.The thieves fled with the local police close on their ____________.A. backsB. necksC. toesD. heels29.The economic recession has meant that job____________ is a rare thing.A. securityB. safetyC. protectionD. secureness30.Many people nowadays save money to ____________ for their old age.A. caterB. supplyC. provideD. equip31.The tone of the article ____________ the writer’s mood at the time.A. reproducedB. reflectedC. imaginedD. imitated32.The job of a student accommodation officer____________ a great many visits to landladies.A. concernsB. offersC. asksD. involves33.Our family doctor’s clinic ____________at the junction of two busy roads.A. restsB. standsC. staysD. seats34.She was so fat that she could only just ____________ through the door.A. assembleB. appearC. squeezeD. gather35.After the heavy rain, a builder was called to repair the roof, which was ____________.A. leakingB. tricklingC. prominentD. noticeable36.The reception was attended by ____________ members of the local community.A. excellentB. conspicuousC. prominentD. noticeable37.Share prices on the Stock Exchange plunged sharply in the morning but ____________slightly in the afternoon.A. regainedB. recoveredC. restoredD. revived38.His ____________ brain has worked away on the idea of a universal cure.A. richB. quickC. productiveD. fertile39.The couple has donated a not____________ amount of money to the foundation.A. inconsiderableB. inconsiderateC. inaccurateD. incomparable40.I hear that it is estimated that the number of people ____________ less than one dollar a day has____________ one billion worldwide.A. relying on; gone up toB. living on; exceededC. depending on; reached overD. living with; surpassedⅡ.Proofreading and error correction (1’*10)The following passage contains TEN errors. Each indicated line contains a maximum of ONE error. You should proofread the passage and correct it in the following way:For a wrong word, underline it and write the correct one in the blank provided at the end of the line.For a missing word, mark the position of the missing word with a “︿” sign and write the missing word in the blank provided at the end of the line.For an unnecessary word, cross out the unnecessary w ord with a slash “/” and put the word in the blank provided at the end of the line.Many artist today are in what is called applied art. They usetheir ability in advertise, interior decoration, or some similar job. 41. ________ But people in business which hire the artists for that kind of wok 42. ________say that simple artist ability is not enough. There are lots of young 43. ________people who have that. But not enough of them who know anything 44. ________about physics, or mechanical things, or math.To be a druggist you have to study chemistry. You can’t learnchemistry without knowing something about algebra.How about a nurse? One of the requiring subjects in a course of 45. ________nursing is known to “materia medica”. In “materia medica” you’ll46. ________learn how to figure out doses and prepare for medicines. Algebra is 47. ________important in doing the figuring. Too many student nurses flunk outof the course because of their weak math.It’s the same for many trades. If you want to be a crafts-man, 48. ________a machinist, a molder, and a patternmaker, you’ll need algebra and49. ________geometry and even trigonometry.Even you want to go into business for yourself, you’ll need50. _______math. Business today, whether it is running a little gas station or abig factory, takes good management. Good management takes mathematics.Ⅲ.Reading comprehension (2*20)Text AAmerica’s most relentless examiner, the Educational Testing Service, has developed computer software, known as E-Rater, to evaluate essays on the Graduate Management Admission Test. Administered to 200,000 business school applicants each year, the GMAT includes two 30-minute essays that test takers type straight into a computer. In the past, those essays were graded on a six-point scale by two readers. This month, the computer will replace one of the readers with the proviso that a second reader will be consulted if the computer and human-reader scores differ by more then a point.It’s one thing for a machine to determine whether a bubble has been correctly filled in, but can it read outside the lines, so to speak? Well, yes and no. E-Rater “learns” what constitutes good and bad answers from a sample of pregraded essays. Using that information, it breaks the essay down to its syntax, organization and contents. The software checks basics like subject-verb agreement and recognizes phrases and sentence structures that are likely to be found in high-scoring essays.Of course, the machine cannot “get” a clever turn of phrase or an unusual analogy. “If I’m unique, I might not fall under the scoring instructions,” concedes Frede ric McHale, a vice president at the GMAT Council. One the other hand, E-Rater is mercilessly objective and never tired halfway through a stack of essays. The upshot: a pretrial tests, E-Rater and a human reader were just as likely to agree as were two read ers. “It’s not intended to judge a person’s creativity,” says Darrel Laham, co-developer of the Intelligent Essay Assessor, a computer-grading system similar to E-Rater. “It’s to give students a chance to construct a response instead of just pointing at a bubble.”That won’t reassure traditionalists, who argue that writing simply can’t be reduced to rigid adjective plussubject plus verb formulations. “Writing is a human act, with aesthetic dimensions that computers can only begin to understand,” says David Schaafsman, a professor of English education at Teachers Colleges of Columbia University. The Kaplan course, a leader in test prep, has taken a more pragmatic approach: it has issued a list of strategies for “the age of the computerized essay.” One of its tips: use transitional phrases like “therefore”, and the computers just might think you’re Dickens.51.E-Rater is described as __________.A. a substitute for GMATB.America’s most relentless examinerC. a machine to grade bubble-filling papersD. a computer-grading system52.In paragraph two, the expression “read outside the lines” refers to the ability to __________.A.understand student essaysB.report scoresC.recognize a wrong bubbleD.judge a person’s creativity53.Frederic McHale implies that if the test taker is unique, he would __________.A.get a top gradeB.get an average gradeC.be at an advantageD.be at a disadvantage54.It seems that Professor Schaafsman agrees with __________.A. traditionalistsB. Darrell LahamC. supporters of E-RaterD. the Kplan course designers55.What is the implied meaning of “the computer just might think you’re Dickens”?A.It thinks you are great at tests.B.It thinks you are doing great.C.It thinks your essay is with great wording.D.It thinks your essay is written by Dickens himself.Text BAt some time in your life you may have a strong desire to do something strange or terrible. However, chances are that you don’t act on your impulse, but let it pass instead. You know that to commit the action is wrong in some way and that other people will not accept your behavior.Perhaps the most interesting thing about the phenomenon of taboo behavior is how it can change over the years within the same society, how certain behavior and attitudes once considered taboo can become perfectly acceptable and natural at another point in time. Topics such as death, for example, were once considered so upsetting and unpleasant that it was a taboo to even talk about them. Now with the publication of important books such as On Death and Dying and Learning to Say Goodbye, people have become more aware of the importance of expressing feelings about death and, as a result, are more willing to talk about this taboo subject.One of the newest taboos in American society is the topic of fat. Unlike many other taboos, fat is topic that Americans talk about constantly. It’s not taboo to talk about fat; it’s taboo to be fat. The “in” look is thin, not fat. In the work world, most companies prefer youthful-looking, trim executives to sell their image as well as their products to the public. The thin look is associated with youth, vigor, and success. The fat person, on the other hand, is thought of as lazy and lacking in energy, self-discipline, and self-respect. In an image-conscious society like theU.S., thin is “in”, fat is “out”.It’s not surprising, then, that millions of Americans have become obsessed with staying slim and “in shape”. The pursuit of a youthful physical appearance is not, however, the sole reason for America’s fascination with diet and exercise. Recent research has shown the critical importance of diet and exercise for personal health. As in most technologically developed nations, the life-style of North Americans has changed dramatically during the course of the last century. Modern machines do all the physical labor that people were once forced to do by hand. Cars and buses transport us quickly from point to point. As a result of inactivity and disuse, people’s bodies can easily become weak and vulnerable to disease. In an effort to avoid such a fate, millions of Americans are spending more of their time exercising.56. From the passage we can infer taboo is__.A. a strong desire to do something strange or terrible.B. a crime committed on impulse.C. behavior considered unacceptable in society’s eyes.D. an unfavorable impression left on other people.57. Based on the ideas presented in the passage we can conclude “being fat” __ in American society.A. will always remain a taboo.B. is not considered a taboo by most people.C. has long been a taboo.D. may no longer be a taboo some day.58. The topic of fat is __ many other taboo subjects.A. the same asB. different fromC. more popular thanD. less often talked about than.59. Apart from this new understanding of the correlation between health and exercise, the main reason the passage gives for why so many Americans are exercising regularly is__.A. their changed life-style.B. their eagerness to stay thin and youthful.C. their appreciation of the importance of exercise.D. the encouragement they have received from their companies.Text CA 1990 United Nations survey revealed that the more highly developed countries spend an average of 2to 3 percent of their annual budgets on crime control, while developing countries spend even more, an average of 9 to 14 percent. Increasing the size of the police force and providing it with better equipment takes priority in some localities. But results are mixed. Some Hungarian citizens complain: “There are never enough policemen to catch the criminals but always enough to catc h traffic violators.”Many governments have recently found it necessary to pass tougher crime laws. For example, since “kidnapping is on the rise across Latin America,” says Time magazine, the governments there have responded with laws that are “at once vigorous and ineffectual… Passing laws is one thing,” it admits, “applying them another.”It is estimated that in Britain more than 100,000 neighborhood watch schemes, covering at least four million homes, existed in 1992. Similar programs were implemented in Australia in the mid-1980s. Their aim, says the Australian Institute of Criminology, is to reduce crime “by improving citizens’ awareness about public safety, by improving residents’ attitudes and behavior in reporting crime and suspicious events in the neighborhood and byreducing vulnerability to crime with the help of property identification and installation of effective security devices.”Closed-circuit television is used in some places to link police stations with commercial premises. Video cameras are used by police, banks, and stores as a crime deterrent or as a tool for identifying lawbreakers.In Nigeria the police have checkpoints on highways in efforts to apprehend robbers and carjackers. The government has set up a task force on trade malpractices to combat fraud. Police-community relations committees made up of community leaders inform the police of criminal activity and people of questionable character.Visitors to the Philippines note that homes are generally not left unattended and that many people have watchdogs. Businessmen employ private security guards to protect their businesses. Anti-theft devices for cars sell well. People who can afford to do so withdraw to tightly secured subdivisions or condominiums.The London newspaper the indep endent commented: “As confidence in the rule of law falls, citizens are organizing the defense of their own communities in increasing numbers.” And more and more people are arming themselves. In the United States, for example, it is estimated that every second household owns at least one gun. Governments are constantly developing new methods of combating crime. But V. Vsevolodov, of the Academy of Home Affairs in Ukraine, points out that according to UN sources, so many gifted people are finding “unique me thods of carrying on criminal activity” that “the training of law enforcement personnel” cannot keep up. Clever criminals funnel huge sums of money back into businesses and social services, merging with society and “gaining for themselves high positions in society.”60. What is the main reason for citizens to take in hand the defense of themselves?A.there are not enough policemenB.they do not trust the rule of lawC.the police force is inefficientD.security devices do not work61. A neighborhood watch scheme will probably do all the following EXCEPT ___________A. helping to install anti-theft devicesB. raising citizens’ consciousness of community safetyC. helping citizens to claim a lost propertyD. encouraging citizens to report suspicious events62. According to the author, the outlook for ending crime is _______________A.rosyB.unclearC.hard to describeD.bleak63. According to the Time Magazine, the measures taken by governments in Latin America _____________.A. will have much effect at onceB. focuses on increasing the size of the police forceC. are intended to catch more traffic violatorsD. are seemingly strong but will have little effectText DIt has been known for many decades that the appearance of sunspots is roughly periodic, with an average cycle of eleven years. Moreover, the incidence of solar flares and the flux of solar cosmic rays, ultraviolet radiation, and X-radiation all vary directly with the sunspot cycle. But after more than a century of investigation,the relation of these and other phenomena, known collectively as the solar-activity cycle, to terrestrial weather and climate remains unclear. For example, the sunspot cycle and the allied magnetic-polarity cycle have been linked to periodicities discerned in records of such variables as rainfall, temperature, and winds. Invariably, however, the relation is weak, and commonly of dubious statistical significance.Effects of solar variability over longer terms have also been sought. The absence of recorded sunspot activity in the notes kept by European observers in the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries has led some scholars to postulate a brief cessation of sunspot activity at that time (a period called the Maunder minimum). The Maunder minimum has been linked to a span of unusual cold in Europe extending from the sixteenth to the early nineteenth centuries. The reality of the Maunder minimum has yet to be established, however, especially since the records that Chinese naked-eye observers of solar activity made at that time appear to contradict it. Scientists have also sought evidence of long-term solar periodicities by examining indirect climatological data, such as fossil records of the thickness of ancient tree rings. These studies, however, failed to link unequivocally terrestrial climate and the solar-activity cycle, or even to confirm the cycle’s past existence.If consistent and reliable geological or archaeological evidence tracing the solar-activity cycle in the distant past could be found, it might also resolve an important issue in solar physics: how to model solar activity. Currently, there are two models of solar activity. The first supposes that the Sun’s internal motions (caused by rotation and convection) interact with its large-scale magnetic field to produce a dynamo, a device in which mechanical energy is converted into the energy of a magnetic field. In short, the Sun’s large-scale magnetic field is taken to be self-sustaining, so that the solar-activity cycle it drives would be maintained with little overall change for perhaps billions of years. The alternative explanation supposes that the Sun’s large-scale magnetic field is a remnant of the field the Sun acquired when it formed, and is not sustained against decay. In this model, the solar mechanism dependent on t he Sun’s magnetic field runs down more quickly. Thus, the characteristics of the solar-activity cycle could be expected to change over a long period of time. Modern solar observations span too short a time to reveal whether present cyclical solar activity is a long-lived feature of the Sun, or merely a transient phenomenon.64. The author focuses primarily on ______________ .A.two competing scientific models concerning the sun’s magnetic fieldB.an overview of some recent scientific developments in solar physicsC.the reasons why a problem in solar physics has not yet been solvedD.the difficulties involved in linking terrestrial climate with solar activity65. According to the passage, for which of the following reasons are the late seventeenth and early eighteenth-century Chinese records important?A.They contradict the theory of the Maunder minimumB.They suggest that the Maunder minimum cannot be related to climateC.They verify the existence of a span of unusual cold worldwide during the Maunder minimumD.They show that the European observations are of dubious statistical significance66. On which of the following assumptions is based the belief that tree-ring thicknesses show links between solar periodicity and terrestrial climate?A.Solar-activity cycle existed in its present form during the period in questionB.Average tree-ring thickness varies from species to speciesC.Tree-ring thickness varies with changes in terrestrial climateD.Both terrestrial climate and solar-activity cycle randomly affect tree-ring thicknessText EThe first time I saw Stephen Leacock at close quarters he came swinging into a classroom in Moyse Hall, the serenely ugly old Arts Building of McGill University in Montreal. The room was packed with undergraduates like me who had come with huge curiosity to listen to their first lecture on political science by a man whose humorous writing had rocked the English-speaking world with laughter, but who was a campus character for very different reasons.Leacock enjoyed a reputation for eccentricity and for an impish individualism that expressed itself in blunt speech on every subject. Naturally we looked him carefully.What we saw was a shock of graying hair crowning a rugged face that wore a friendly smile, emphasized by crinkles of mirth about the ey es. I remember thinking, “He could use a haircut.” His necktie had slipped its moorings, and his tweedy suit looked slept-in. Across his vest his watch chain had come apart in the middle and had been put together with a safety pin. The effect was of a man who gave no thought to his appearance. But his manner was far too buoyant to suggest the absent-minded professor.His apparel was topped by one of those loose, black gowns professors wore in those days. Leacock’s had been acquired about the time he received his Ph.D. from the University of Chicago in 1903. Even though the garment was showing signs of wear in 1914, it was still one of the essential properties of his play-acting. At least a dozen times during every lecture it would slip off his shoulders and seize him by the crook of his elbows. Without pause in the flow of talk and motion——he was a walking lecturer——a great shrug of the shoulders would hoist the gown part way into place.Leacock was tremendously proud of his Chicago Ph. D., but it was inescapably in character that he must spoof it. “The meaning of this degree,” he quipped in a lecture, “is that the recipient has been examined for the last time in his life and pronounced full. After this, no new ideas can be imparted to him.” In similar vein, after returning from a holiday abroad he told his class, “I was sitting quietly in my cabin when a steward knocked and, after making sure I am called Doctor, asked if I would come and look at the stewardess’s knee. I was off like a shot, but another fello w got there ahead of me. He was a Doctor of Divinity.”What came through to me, even in the first lecture, was Leacock’s warmth and humanness. I knew I was listening to a man who loved young people and was determined to give them as much wisdom as he could. His teaching methods were unconventional. He couldn’t resist the temptation to explore bypaths. In discussing the days of Queen Victoria, he mentioned Disraeli, and this set him off to talk about the man rather than the Prime Minister——his way of living, his quick mind, his dilettantism, his great love affair with his wife. The digression lifted the great statesman into a framework of his own and, when Leacock returned to the main line of his subject, the listener understood, in a way no textbook could inform him, how such a man could bring off the coup which gave Britain control of the Suez Canal and made the Empire impregnable for decades to come.67. Stephen Leacock could be described as all the following EXCEPT _____________.A.careless about his appearanceB.witty and eloquentC.an inspiring professorD.an absent-minded person68. Leacock’s account of being summoned to look at a stewardess’s knee _________________.A.tells us that he was always ready to help othersB.indicates that he was an incompetent doctorC.reveals that he was very proud of his degreeD.shows that he could playful sometimes69. Speaking of Disraeli, a conventional professor would probably have ______________.A.focused on his accomplishments as a statesmanB.talked about his family lifeC.explored the little-known aspects of the personD.looked at him from a fresh perspective70. Which of the following statements about Disraeli is NOT true?A. Disraeli once served as Prime Minister in the days of Queen Victoria.B. Disraeli was the biggest shareholder of the Suez Canal CompanyC. Disraeli contributed to making the British Empire the most powerful countryD. Disraeli was instrumental in Britain’s successful control of the Suez CanalⅣ.Translation (15’)Chinese-to- English translation. (8’)澳门在地理位置上靠近港、台地区及东南亚各国。

吉林大学2012年博士研究生入学考试英语真题

吉林大学2012年博士研究生入学考试英语真题Part I: Vocabulary and Structure (30%)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are fourchoices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence. Then mark thecorre-sponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.1. Language, culture, and personality may be considered ofeach other inthought, but they are inseparable in fact.A. indistinctlyB. separatelyC. relevantlyD.independently2. The work was done in the __________ of reforms in the economic, socialand culturalspheres.A. contextB. contestC. pretextD.texture3. The dean tried to retain control of the situation on campus, but his attempt wasby the board of trustees.A. approvedB. frustrated O. disclosed D.justified4. Some journalists are found of overstating the situations so that their newsmay createa great __________ .A. explosionB. sensationC. exaggeratingD. stimulation5. There was little, if any, evidence to substantiate the gossip and，_______________ t here was little to disprove it.A. by the same tokenB. under the same conditionC. at the same stageD. for the same purpose6. Every chemical change either results from energy being used to produce thechange, or causes energy to be _____________ i n some form.A. given offB. put outC. set offD.used up7. The United Nation Law of the Sea Conference would soon produce anocean-miningtreaty following its___________ declaration in 1970 that oceans were the heritage ofman-kind.A. unanimous 巳.abstract C. autonomous D.almighty8. This growth in the __________ o f diabetes is due, in part, to an increase inobesity.A. inferenceB. incidenceC. regulationD.repetition9. Preliminary estimation puts the figure at around 110 billion, ______________ t he 160 bil- lion the President is struggling to get through the Congress.A. in proportion toB. in reply to 0. in relation to D. in contrast to10. France’s _ _______ of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last monthtriggered po-litical debates and mass demonstrations.A. assumptionB. consumptionC. presumptionD. resumption11. The ________ of a natural phenomenon is usually a logical consequenceof somephysical aspect in the life style of the people.A. implementation 巳.demonstration C. manifestation D. expedition12. Reading __________ the mind only with materials of knowledge, it isthinking thatmakes what we read ours.A. rectifies 巳.prolongs O. minimizes D.furnishes13. Previous studies provoked __________ because the used patients whosediagnosiswas questionable.A. contributionB. contractionC. controversyD.convergence14. Although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close _______________ .A. temperament 巳.contamination C. scrutiny D.Symmetry15. I never said anything like that at all. You are purposely my ideas to prove yourpoints.A. revising 巳.contradicting C. distorting D.Distracting16. To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, companiesmustthe qualities and varieties of their products to the world-market demand.A. forfeitB. enhanceC. guaranteeD.Gear17. i was unaware of the critical points involved, so my choice was quite ______________ .A. arbitrary 巳.rational C. mechanical D.Unpredictable18. An important property of a scientific theory is its ability to _______________ f urther re- search and further thinking about a particular topic.A. stimulate 巳.renovate C. arouse D.Advocate19. All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read ________________ l etters from their families.A. affectionate 巳.sentimental 0. intimate D.Sensitive20. Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just ________________ and needs proving.A. spontaneous 巳.hypothetical C. intuitive D.Empirical21. The ceremony will _________ as soon as the president arrives.A. commend 巳.comply C. confront D.Commence22. The barbarous aggressors grew more and more ____________ inslaughtering peopleand burning down their houses.A. amorphousB. ferociousC. audaciousD.Egregious23. Some of the words employed by Shakespeare in his works have becomeand are no longer used in the present days.A. obsoleteB. obscene 0. obvious D.Oblique24. Because of the economic slowdown, the government changed its policy torevenue by limiting commerce.A. disregardB. challengeC. diminishD.Reject25. The spectators in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds ofcolorful bal-loons slowly __________ into the sky.A. descendingB. ascendingC. escalatingD.elevating26. An increasing proportion of our population, unable to live without advancedmedi-cal ，will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology.A. interferenceB. interruptionC. interventionD. interaction27. Several international events in the early 1990s seem likely to ___________ ，or at least weaken, the trends that emerged in the 1980s.A. revoltB. revolveC. reverseD.revive28. Foreign disinvestments and the __ ______ of South Africa from worldcapital mar-kets after 1985 further weakened its economy.A. displacementB. eliminationC. exclusionD.exception29. We are moving towards a more _________ about who their new teacherwould bewhen the bell rang for their first class in the new semester.A. foreseeingB. speculatingC. fabricatingD.ponderingPart II: Cloze TestDirections: There are twenty blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are fourchoices marked A, B, C and D. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage. Then markthe corresponding letter on the ANSWER SHEET with a single line through the center.New research from Australia supports the belief that many pet owners have —itshowsthat pets are good for your health. The [31 ] ______________ of this new studysuggest thatpeople who have pets are [ 32 ] ______________ less risk from heart disease than[ 33 ]_________ who do not.Ironically, this [34] ____________ study on pets was intended to [35] ______________ themyth that pets are good for your health. Earlier research [36]_________________________________________________________________ the benefits ofowning pets received a lot of [37 ] ____________ ，but the results were not goodenough to[38] __________ the more skeptical doctors. The new research was carried [39]_________ over three years and examined 6000 people, the largest group yetinvolved in[40] __________ a study. They took tests that measured a [41 ] ________________ o f different factors known to be [42] ____________ in heart disease —[43]________________________________ and blood lev-els of cholesterol and triglyceride. [44] _ ，people were asked about their lifes-tyles.The 800 people who owned pets had [45] _______________ l evels on each ofthe factors[46] __________ than those who did not own pets. The differences were evengreater thanthose found in similar studies on people who [47] ______________ to vegetariandiets or took[48] __________ exercise. The study also showed that it did not matter [49] ________________ kind of pet was owned —a cat was as good as a dog —so the benefits could not beattrib-uted [50] ___________ t he exercise involved in walking a dog.Questions 51PasWag,to 55 are based on the foliopassage.育明教育育明考博93When a disease of epidemic proportions rips into the populace, scientists immediatelyget to work ，trying to locate the source of the affliction and find ways to combat it. Often-times ,successes achieved, as medical science is able to isolate the parasite, germ or cellthat causes the problem and finds ways to effectively kill or contain it. In the mostB. conclusions B. on B. ones B. later B. explode B. in B. public巳.convertB. out B. such B. sort巳.involvingB. pressure巳.AlsoB. same B. same B. shut B. out巳.whichB. toC. indications C. at C. these O. latter C. exploit C. on C. publican C. convict C. through C. how C. variety C. included C. indigestion C. Therefore C. lower % C. a .C. byPart III: Reading Comprehension (60%)1 1D. signs D. of D. those D. latest D. express D. ofD. publication D. convince D. for D. what D. difference D. involved D. high fever D. So D. fewer D. measured D. directedseriousof cases, in which the entire population of a region or country may be at grave risk, it is deemed necessary to protect the entire population through vaccination, so as to safeguardlives and ensure that the disease will not spread.The process of vaccination allows the patient’s body to develop immunity to the virus ordisease so that, if it is encountered, one can fight it off naturally. To accomplish this, a small weak or dead strain of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlledenvironment, so that his body’s immune system can learn to fight the invader properly. In-formation on how to penetrate the disease’s defenses is transmitted to all elements of thepatient’s immune system in a process that occurs naturally, in which genetic information ispassed from cell to cell. This makes sure that, should the patient later come into contactwith the real problem, his body is well equipped and trained to deal with it, having alreadydone so before.There are dangers inherent in the process, however. On occasion, even the weak-ened version of the disease contained in the vaccine proves too much for the body to han-dle, resulting in the immune case of the smallpox vaccine, designed to eradicate the small-pox epidemic that nearly wiped out the entire Native American population and killed mas-sive numbers of settlers. Approximately 1 in 10，000 people who receives the vaccine con-tract the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Thus, if the entire popu-lation of the United States were to receive the Smallpox Vaccine today, 3000 Americanswould be left dead.Fortunately, the smallpox virus was considered eradicated in the early 1970s, endingthe mandatory vaccination of all babies in America. In the event of a r㊀-introduction of thedisease, however, mandatory vaccinations may resume, resulting in more unexpected deaths from vaccination. The process, which is truly a blessing, may indeed hide some hidden cures.51. How do vaccines protect humans from diseases according to paragraph two?A. By passing information on how to fight the disease to the disease.B. By passing information on how to fight the disease to the immune system.C. By weakening the disease so that the immune system can defeat it.D. Introducing the disease to the body, so that survivors have already fought it.52. What does the example of the smallpox vaccine illustrate?A. The way that vaccines protect people from diseases.巳.The effectiveness of vaccines in eradicating certain diseases.C. The practical use of a vaccine to control an epidemic disease.D. The possible negative outcome of administering vaccines.53. The author argues that vaccinations are both a blessing and a curse because __________ .A. saving the many would not necessarily justify the death of the fewB. some vaccines, such as the smallpox vaccine, have negative side effectsC. they don’t always workD. while many lives are saved, some are actually killed by the vaccines54. The best title for the passage would be ____________ .A. The Smallpox Vaccine: An AnalysisB. How Vaccines WorkC. Vaccines: Methods and ImplicationsD. a Warning on the Negative Side Effects of Vaccines55. The main purpose of the passage is to ____________ .A. convince the reader that vaccines are not as safe as many think.B. educate the reader on how vaccines are used and some of their dangers.C. educate the reader on the circumstances that would necessitate widespread vacci-nations.D. present the method by which vaccines are used through the case of the smallpoxvaccine.Passage 2Questions 56 to 60 are based on the following passage.Few natural dangers are more feared than avalanches. Avalanches are a familiar partof European history, particularly in the Swiss and French Alps. This is where the directionof wars has turned almost instantly because of avalanches wiping out invading armies.In North America, avalanches are limited almost entirely to the Rocky Mountains andthe lower ranges to the west, the Sierra Nevadas and the Cascades. Avalanches have oc-curred in the mountains of New England but not with the regularity and intensity seen in thewestern mountains.Several methods are used in explaining and predicting avalanches. Scientists are learning about them using research methods. So many of the factors that create ava-lanches are hidden beneath the snow’s surface that predictions are still largely guesswork.Therefore, winter travelers must assume the worst of conditions when they traverse theslopes.An avalanche occurs when a given amount of snow becomes too heavy for whatever isholding it in place. It then breaks loose and slides downhill.Avalanches are divided into two general categories, loose snow and slab, a loose snow avalanche usually starts at a single point, such as a skier’s track, and spreads outlike a fan or a pyramid in a chain reaction. One crystal breaks another free, which multiplesas the loose snow moves downhill. Sometimes these avalanches stop after only a few feet.Sometimes they move thousands of tons of snow downhill in speeds up to 300 miles perhour. This creates a shock wave that can flatten parts of a forest that are not even touchedby the actual avalanche.Slab avalanches are those that have a wide area of snow which breaks loose in a largepiece. These can range in size from just a few square feet to thousands of square feet ofsnow. The most dangerous and common type of avalanche for skiers is the so-called “softslab” avalanche. This type occurs most often during, or just after a heavy snowfall. The snow hasn’t yet had a chance to settle and adhere to the temperature, the less likely thenew snow will form a bond with the existing snow.56. What would be the best title for this passage?A. Avalanches巳.The History of AvalanchesC. Skiers BewareD. Avalanches Can Kill57. According to the passage, how did avalanches affect wars?A. They hid the armies approaching the city aiding in the attack.B. They killed the armies approaching the city.C. They blocked paths into the city.D. They snow-blinded the approaching armies.58. According to the passage, what must skiers assume about avalanches when ski-ing?A. They only have to worry after a heavy snowfall.B. Avalanches only occur in the Swiss or French Alps.C. They should always expect that an avalanche will occur.D. When skiing in New England, they will never have to worry about an avalanche.59. According to the passage, when is the most dangerous time for skiers?A. When the temperature is below 20 degrees F.巳.Right before a snowstorm.0. During a snowstorm.D. In the winter.60. According to the passage, which factor causes an avalanche?A. The slope of the mountain.B. The size of the snowfall.C. The amount and intensity of movement around the snowfall.D. The weight of the snow.Passage 3Questions 61 to 65 are based on the following passage.Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and researchcontradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in these state-ments ,but they also ignore deeper and more important relationships.Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at a research uni-versity because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from anarts college. Some professors, however, neglect teaching for research and that presents aproblem.Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition isusually given for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judgingteaching, a highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top studentswho want to be challenged but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. Themild professor gets overall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappoint-ment on the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the system should presentthe greatest challenges. Thus, a university trying to promote professors primarily on thebasis of teaching qualities would have to confront this confusion.As modern science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professors: one is the timeneeded to keep up with the profession；the other is the time needed to teach. The trainingof new scientists requires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the artscollege. Although scientists are usually “made” in the elementary schools, scientists canbe “lost” by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. The solution is not toseparate teaching and research but to recognize that the combination is difficult but vital.The title of professor should be given only to those who profess and it is perhaps time for u-niversities to reserve it for those who profess and it is perhaps time for universities to re-serve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professors un-willing to teach can be called “distinguished research investigators” of something else.The pace of modern science makes it increasingly difficult to be a great researcherand a great teacher. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we canseparate teaching and research simply do not understand the system, but those who saythe problem will disappear are not fulfilling their responsibilities.61. What idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?A. The relationship between teaching and research should not be simplified.巳.Teaching and research are contradictory.C. Research can never be emphasized too much.D. It is wrong to overestimate the importance of teaching.62. In academic promotions research universities still attach more importance to re-search partly because ___________ .A. research improves the quality of teaching巳.students who want to be challenged appreciate research professors0. professors with achievements in research are usually responsible and toughD. it is difficult to evaluate teaching quality objectively63. According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following will the author probablyagree with?A. Distinguished professors at research universities should concentrate on researchonly.B. It is of utmost importance to improve teaching in elementary schools in order to trainnew scientists.C. The separation of teaching from research can lower the quality of future scientists.D. The rapid development of modern science makes it impossible to combine teachingwith research.64. The title of professor should be given only to those who first and foremost do __________ .A. scientific researchB. teachingC. field workD. investigation65. The phrase “the problem” (Para. 5) refers to_______________ .A. raising the status of teachingB. the separation of teaching from researchC. the combination of teaching with researchD. improving the status of researchPassage 4Questions 66 to 70 are based on the following passage.Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The sameproblem, on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new prod-ucts and create new jobs. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums neededfrom friends and people we know, and while banks may agree to provide short-term fi- nance ,they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-termprojects. So companies turn to the public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. This they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through The Stock Exchange. By doing so, they can putinto circulation the savings of individuals and institutions, both at home and overseas.When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company withwhom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to someother saver who is seeking to invest his money.Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by theGovernment or by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, rail-ways, this country could not function. All these require continuous spending on new equip-ment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than israised through taxes alone. The Government, local authorities, and nationalizedindustriestherefore frequently needed to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they,too, come to The Stock Exchange.There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of livingdoes not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new devel-opment. In one way or another, this new money must come from the savings of the coun-try. The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.66. Almost all companies involved in new production and developmentmust __________ .A. rely on their financial resources巳.persuade the banks to provide long-term financeC. borrow large sums of money from friends and people we knowD. depend on the population as a whole for finance67. The money which enables these companies to go ahead with their projects is__________ .A. repaid to its original owners as soon as possible巳.raised by the selling of shares in the companiesC. exchanges for part ownership in the stock exchangeD. invested in different companies on the stock exchange68. When the savers want their money back they ____________ .A. ask another company to obtain their money for them巳.look for other people to borrow money fromC. put their shares in the company back on the marketD. transfer their money to a more successful company69. All the essential services on which we depend are ____________ .A. run by the gov-ernment or our local authorities.巳.in constant need of financial support.C. financed wholly by rates and taxes.D. unable to provide for the needs of the population.70. The stock exchange makes it possible for the government, local authorities and na-tionalized industries ___________ .A. to borrow as much money as they wishB. to make certain everybody saves moneyC. to raise money to finance new developmentsD. to make certain everybody lends money to themPassage 5Questions 71 to 75 are based on the following passage.The producers of instant coffee found their product strongly resisted in the market places despite their manifest advantages. Furthermore, the advertising expenditure for in-stant coffee was far greater than that for regular coffee. Efforts were made to find the causeof the consumers’seemingly unreasonable resistance to the product. The reason given bymost people was dislike for the taste. The producers suspected that there might be deeperreasons, however. This was confirmed by one of motivation research’s classic studies, oneoften cited in the trade. Mason Haire, of the University of California, constructed two shop-ping lists that were identical except for one item. There were six items common to both lists: hamburger, carrots, baking powder, bread, canned peaches and potatoes, with thebrands or amounts specified. The seventh item, in the fifth place on both lists, readu Max-well House coffee” on one list and “Nescafe instant coffee” o n the other. One list wasgiven to each person in a group of fifty women, and the other list to those in anothergroupof the same size. The women were asked to study their lists and then to describe, asfar asthey could, the kind of woman ( “personality and character n) who would draw up thatshopping list. Nearly half of those who had received the list including instant coffee de-scribed a housewife who was lazy and a poor planner. On the other hand, only onewomanin the other group described the housewife, who had included regular coffee on her list,aslazy, only six of that group suggested that she was a poor planner. Eight women feltthatthe instant-coffee user was probably not a good wife! No one in the other group drewsucha conclusion about the housewife who intended to buy regular coffee.71. The fact that producers found resistance to their product despite the fact thattheyspent more advertising money on instant than regular coffee shows that _______________ .A. advertising does not assure favorable sales results巳.companies spent more money on advertising than they shouldC. people pay little attention to advertisingD. the more one advertises the better the sales picture72. In this instance, the purpose of motivation research was to discover ______________ .A. why people drink coffeeB. why instant coffee did not taste goodC. why regular coffee was successfulD. the real reason why people would not buy instant coffee73. This investigation indicated that ___________ .A. 50 per cent of housewives are lazyB. housewives who use instant coffee are lazyC. many women believe that wives who use instant coffee are lazyD. wives who use regular coffee are good planners74. On the results of this test, the producers probably revised their advertising to showa __________ .A. lazy housewife using regular coffee巳.hard-working housewife using instant coffeeC. lazy housewife using instant coffeeD. man obviously enjoying the taste of instant coffee75. _________ is implied but not stated.A. Despite its advantages, most people disliked instant coffee because of its tasteB. The advertising expenditure for instant coffee was greater than that for regular cof-feeC. Very often we do not know the real reasons for doing thingsD. Taste is the principal factor in determining what we buyPassage 6Questions 76 to 79 are based on the following passage.In recent years, there has been an increasing awareness of the inadequacies of the ju-dicial system in the United States. Costs are staggering both for the taxpayers and the liti-gants—and the litigants, of parties, have to wait sometimes many years before having their day in court. Many suggestions have been made concerning methods of amelioratingthe situation, but as in most branches of government, changes come slowly.One suggestion that has been made in order to maximize the efficiency of the。

历年高考真题--2012新课标英语--吉林卷

2012年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试英语本试题卷分第I卷(选择题）和第II卷(非选择题)两部分。

考生作答时，将答案答在答题卡上(答题注意事项见答题卡)，在本试题卷上答题无效。

考试结束后，将本试题卷和答题卡一并交回。

第I卷第一部听力(共两节，满分30分)做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节(共5小题:每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题·每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?A.￡19.15.B. ￡9.15C. ￡9.18答案是B。

1. Where does this conversation probably take place?A. In a bookstore.B. In a classroomC. In a library.2. At what time will the film begin?A. 7:20.B. 7:15.C. 7:00.3. What are the two speakers mainly talking about?A.Their friend Jane.B. A weekend trip.C. A radio programme.4. What will the woman probably do?A. Catch a train.B. See the man off.C. Go shopping.i5. Why did the woman apologize?A. She made a late delivery.B. bne went to the wrong place.C. She couldn't take the cake back.第二节(共15小题:每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话。

2012秋吉林大学网络教育专升本《英语》作业试题和答案

单选题1：Chinese customs regulations _____ taking precious works of art out of China.1.prohibit2.allow3.avoid4.repel2：As we know, blood types A and B cannot receive AB, but AB may receive A or B. Type O can give to any other group; hence it is often called the _____ donor.1.general2.popular3.universalmon3：When he was a student, his father gave him a monthly _____ towards his expense.1.salary2.allowance3.wage4.money4：The calm sea gave no _____ of the storm that was coming.1.symbol2.hint3.implication4.inference5：The book has been well reviewed, but ____ actual sales it hasn’t been very successful.in need of1.2.in terms of3.in contrast to4.in place of6：I had to stand in a _____ for hours to get tickets for the film.1.row2.procession3.tail4.queue7：The ship’s generator broke down, and the pumps had be to operated _____instead of mechanically.1.manually2.artificially3.automatically4.synthetically8：The black clouds _____ rain.1.indicated2.hinted3.suggested4.meant9：The next moment, __________ she had time to realize what was happening, she was hit over the head.1.when2.after3.before4.as10：They have had three _____ days of heavy rain.1.continual2.running3.gradual4.successive11：I don’t _____of smoking in the waiting-room.1.approve2.agree3.approach4.sanction12：Our guide gave us a detailed _______ of this painting but we still do not understand.1.authority2.interpretation3.instruction4.institution13：This story is not real, it is only _____.1.imaginary2.imaginative3.imaginable4.imagined14：A nuclear plant was built in the area _______ the farmers’ protests.1.with2.in3.over4.among15：I hope John would give me some _____ of what he would like for his birthday.1.clue2.hint3.implication4.inference16：The improvement in his mental health is being _________.1.remained2.attained3.obtained4.maintained17：The use of standard components makes _____ easier when they are worn.1.replacement2.place3.repair4.modification18：The case against Robert Jones was _____ for lack of evidence.1.discarded2.dismissed3.eliminated4.resigned19：Your total scores _______ to 89.5.1.sum up2.summing up3.summed up4.sums up20：The organizing committee will hold a _____ meeting on Wednesday to discussthe schedule.1.preceding2.previous3.preliminary4.prior已经提交！！再次提交可点击作业浏览重新抽题!!单选题1：The improvement in his mental health is being _________.1.remained2.attained3.obtained4.maintained2：They had to decide whether they should ______________ some classes.1.call off2.call on3.call up4.call in3：She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would _____ her long effort.1.justify2.testify3.rectify4.verify4：My daughter is entering a new _____ of development now that she is starting school.1.span2.era3.phase4.sphere5：Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and _____.1.sensations2.passions3.emotions4.moods6：The children performed a very _____ dance for their parents.1.gracious2.grateful3.graceful4.greedy7：I could have _______ such a situation but I didn’t.1.forecast2.overcome3.shed4.urged8：Chopsticks of bamboo or wood can be bought in _____ of pairs; 10 is the usual number1.bunches2.bundles3.units4.pieces9：There were five hundred _____ at the state unified examination of CET-4in ouruniversity last year.1.applicants2.attendants3.participants4.candidates10：The use of standard components makes _____ easier when they are worn.1.replacement2.place3.repair4.modification11：The roof was damaged and water _____ from the ceilings in wet weather.1.dropped2.dripped3.drainedstrained4.12：They _______ the room with expensive tables, chairs and drapes.1.ornamented2.furnished3.decorated4.restored13：With the introduction of _____ technology, information flows faster than it ever did.1.involvedplicated3.sophisticatedplex14：I’ve never been to Beijing, but it’s the place________.1.where I’d like to visit2.in which I’d like to visitI’d like to visit3.I most want to visit4.that I want to visit it mostWe are young enough to ________ from failure.15：e back2.get back3.bounce backe over16：There is a good hotel not far from the city, _______ a swimming pool and a garden leading directly to the beach.1.to complete withpleting withplete withpleted with17：The book has been well reviewed, but ____ actual sales it hasn’t been very successful.1.in need of2.in terms of3.in contrast to4.in place of18：The next moment, __________ she had time to realize what was happening, she was hit over the head.1.when2.after3.before4.as19：I’ll _____ my lawyer to write out the agreement.1. inform2.notify3.announce4.report20：Getting up is an everyday _____.1.happening2.occurrence3.incident4.event单选题1：The workers’ demands are _____; they’re asking for only a small increase in their wages.1.moderatemercial3.abnormalplicated2：Getting up is an everyday _____.1.happening2.occurrence3.incidentevent4.3：The improvement in his mental health is being _________.1.remained2.attained3.obtained4.maintained4：Great writers are those who not only have great thoughts but also express these thoughts in words which appeal powerfully to our minds and _____.1.sensations2.passions3.emotions4.moods5：The next moment, __________ she had time to realize what was happening, she was hit over the head.1.when2.after3.before4.as6：The English language _____ a vivid saying to describe this sort of situation.1.owns2.contains3.holds4.possesses7：The Chinese food in the United States is usually _______ for American people.1.exchanged2.altered3.modified4.cooked8：There were five hundred _____ at the state unified examination of CET-4in our university last year.1.applicants2.attendants3.participants4.candidates9：England’s team, who are now sup erbly fit, will be doing their best next week to _____ themselves for last year’s defeat.1.remedy2.revive3.revenge4.retort10：Chinese customs regulations _____ taking precious works of art out of China.1.prohibit2.allow3.avoid4.repel11：__________ everything to go wrong and you won’t feel quite so bad when it does.1.Having expected2.Expected3.Expecting4.To expect12：Though Japan is now an economic giant, it has one vital weakness, that is, it lacks the _____ material necessary for its industry.1.primitive2.raw3.crude4.primary13：Students are required _________ responsibility for each other at school.1.to take2.taking3.by taking4.to have taken14：Everyone _____ around quietly to avoid waking the baby.1.climbed2.crawled3.slipped4.crept15：We are young enough to ________ from failure.e back2.get back3.bounce backe over16：The roof was damaged and water _____ from the ceilings in wet weather.1.dropped2.dripped3.drained4.strained17：The capital intended to broaden the export base and _____ efficiency gainsfrom international trade was channeled instead into uneconomic import substitution.1.secure2.extend3.defend4.possess18：Don’t _____ this news to the public until we give you the go-ahead.1.release2.relieve3.relate4.retain19：All factories and mines are _____ by government officials.1.examined2.surveyed3.inspected4.investigated20：Most people who travel in the course of their work are given _________.1.permission2.admission3.insurance4.allowance已经提交！！再次提交可点击作业浏览重新抽题!!单选题1：Extensive reporting of media has helped to _____ interest in football.1.assemble2.generate3.collect4.yield2：I don’t _____of smoking in the waiting-room.1.approve2.agree3.approach4.sanction3：The list is arranged according to the _______ professions of the audience.1.respective2.responsible3.resource4.resolution4：The workers’ demands are _____; they’re asking for only a small increase in their wages.1.moderatemercial3.abnormalplicated5：Students are required _________ responsibility for each other at school.1.to take2.taking3.by taking4.to have taken6：Water and air are _____.1.fluids2.streams3.floats4.flows7：These are defensive behavior patterns which ________ from our subconscious fears.1.derived2.deprived3.deceived4.deducted8：The Chinese food in the United States is usually _______ for American people.1.exchanged2.altered3.modifiedcooked4.9：According to the American federal government, residents of Hawaii have the longest life______: 77.2 years.1.rank2.span3.scale4.scope10：Now, most medical students complain that their _____ are too heavy to bear.1.curriculum2.curricula3.course4.subjects11：I don’t know if the story is true but I will try to _____ it.1.identify2.confirm3.conform4.verify12：She worked hard at her task before she felt sure that the results would _____ her long effort.1.justifytestify2.3.rectify4.verify13：Hot metal _____ as it grows cooler.1.contracts2.reduces3.condensespresses14：The next moment, __________ she had time to realize what was happening, she was hit over the head.1.when2.after3.before4.as15：This fall, the Hyde Foundation ________ a preliminary public school program.1.is scheduled to begin2.is scheduled to beginning3.schedules to begin4.schedules to beginning16：The noise was caused by a dog _____ a cat through the garden.1.catching2.fighting3.following4.chasing17：Although he knew little about the large amount of work done in the field, he succeeded________ other more well-informed experimenters failed.1.which2.that3.what4.where18：I know the place is a _____, but make yourself at home.1.disorder2.paradise3.mess4.palace19：He seems to be _____ enough to climb to the mountain top in an hour.1.radiant2.conscientious3.conspicuous4.energetic20：I sold all my houses _________.1.in auction2.by auction3.at auction4.to auction已经提交！！再次提交可点击作业浏览重新抽题!!。

-吉林大学2012年考博英语完形填空及答案

吉林大学2012年考博英语完型填空真题及答案Decide which of the choices given below would correctly complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the correct choice for each blank on your ANSWER SHEET. The United States is well-known for its network of major highways designed to help a driver get from one place to another in the shortest possible time. ___1___ these wide modern roads are generally ___2___ and well maintained, with___3___ sharp curves and straight sections, a direct route is not always the most ___4___ one. Large highways often pass ___5___ scenic areas and interesting small towns. Furthermore, these highways generally ___6___ large urban centers, which means that they become crowded with ___7___ traffic during rush hours, ___8___ the “fast, direct” route becomes a very slow route. However, there is almost always another route to take ___9___ you are not in a hurry. Not far from the ___10___ new “superhighways”, there are often older, ___11___ heavily traveled roads which go through the countryside. ___12___ of these are good two-lane roads; others are uneven roads curving through the country. These secondary routes may go up steep slopes, along high ___13___ , or down frightening hillside to towns ___14___ in deep valleys. Through these less direct routes, longer and slower, they generally go to places ___15___ the air is clean and scenery is beautiful, and the driver may have a chance to get a fresh, clean view of theworld.1. A. Although B. Since C. Because D. Therefore2. A. stable B. splendid C. smooth D. complicated3. A. little B. few C. much D. many4. A. terrible B. possible C. enjoyable D. profitable5. A. to B. into C. over D. by6. A. lead B. connect C. collect D. communicate7. A. large B. fast C. high D. heavy8. A. when B. for C. but D. that9. A. unless B. if C. as D. since10. A. relatively B. regularly C. respectively D. reasonably11. A. and B. less C. more D. or12. A. All B. Several C. Lots D. Some13. A. rocks B. cliffs C. roads D. paths14. A. lying B. laying C. laid D. lied15. A. there B. when C. which D. where参考答案1. A2. C3. B4. C5. D6. B7. D8. A9. B 10. A 11. B 12. D 13.B 14. A 15. D。

吉大考博英语

吉大考博英语Pursuing a Doctoral Degree at Jilin University: A Journey of Academic ExcellenceJilin University, a renowned institution of higher education in China, has long been recognized for its academic excellence and commitment to fostering the intellectual growth of its students. As a prospective doctoral candidate, the opportunity to embark on this journey at Jilin University is a truly exciting prospect. The pursuit of a doctoral degree is a challenging yet rewarding endeavor, one that requires unwavering dedication, intellectual rigor, and a deep passion for academic exploration.The decision to pursue a doctoral degree is not one to be taken lightly. It requires a profound commitment to the field of study, a willingness to delve deeply into complex research questions, and the ability to contribute original and innovative ideas to the academic discourse. At Jilin University, the doctoral program offers a unique platform for individuals who seek to push the boundaries of knowledge and make a lasting impact on their respective fields.The rigorous admissions process for the doctoral program at JilinUniversity is a testament to the institution's commitment to excellence. Applicants are required to demonstrate a strong academic record, a well-developed research proposal, and a clear vision for their future contributions to the academic community. This selection process ensures that only the most dedicated and talented individuals are admitted, fostering an environment of intellectual stimulation and scholarly exchange.One of the key advantages of pursuing a doctoral degree at Jilin University is the wealth of resources and support available to students. The university boasts a diverse and experienced faculty, each of whom is dedicated to mentoring and guiding their doctoral students through the various stages of their research. From the development of a research proposal to the successful defense of the dissertation, the faculty at Jilin University provide invaluable guidance and feedback, helping students to refine their ideas and hone their research skills.In addition to the academic support, Jilin University also offers a vibrant and engaging campus life, with a wide range of extracurricular activities and cultural events. This multifaceted experience not only enriches the doctoral journey but also fosters a sense of community and belonging among the students. By immersing themselves in the intellectual and social fabric of the university, doctoral candidates have the opportunity to broaden theirperspectives, network with peers, and develop a well-rounded set of skills that will serve them well in their future endeavors.The pursuit of a doctoral degree at Jilin University is not merely an academic exercise but a transformative experience that challenges individuals to push the boundaries of their own intellectual capabilities. Through rigorous coursework, intensive research, and the guidance of esteemed faculty members, doctoral candidates at Jilin University are equipped with the knowledge, skills, and critical thinking abilities necessary to contribute to the advancement of their respective fields.One of the most compelling aspects of the doctoral program at Jilin University is the opportunity for students to engage in cutting-edge research that addresses pressing global challenges. Whether it is exploring innovative solutions to environmental issues, investigating the complexities of social and political systems, or delving into the frontiers of scientific discovery, the doctoral program at Jilin University encourages students to think creatively, collaborate with interdisciplinary teams, and develop research that has the potential to make a tangible impact on the world.As a prospective doctoral candidate, the prospect of studying at Jilin University is both exhilarating and humbling. The university's reputation for academic excellence, its commitment to fostering avibrant intellectual community, and its dedication to preparing the next generation of leaders and scholars make it a truly compelling choice for individuals who seek to push the boundaries of knowledge and make a lasting contribution to their fields.In conclusion, the pursuit of a doctoral degree at Jilin University is a journey of academic excellence, personal growth, and intellectual discovery. By embracing the challenges and opportunities that this program offers, doctoral candidates have the chance to not only advance their own academic and professional goals but also to contribute to the betterment of society as a whole. With unwavering dedication, a thirst for knowledge, and a commitment to excellence, the doctoral program at Jilin University promises to be a transformative experience that will leave a lasting impact on the lives of those who embark on this remarkable journey.。

吉林大学少数民族骨干计划博士英语真题

吉林大学少数民族骨干计划博士英语真题全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1Jilin University Minority Backbone Plan Doctoral English TestPart I Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 1Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:On July 2, China published a report named "The Chinese Government's Policies and Practices to Encourage and Support Minorities to Develop and Progress". This report introduces various policies and measures taken by the Chinese government to support the development of minority groups in China. It highlights the importance of equality, unity, and progress among all ethnic groups in the country.1. What is the main purpose of the report?A. To criticize minority groups in ChinaB. To introduce the Chinese government's policies for minoritiesC. To support discrimination against minority groupsD. To promote inequality among ethnic groups2. According to the passage, what do the Chinese government support for minority groups?A. DiscriminationB. Development and progressC. SegregationD. Exclusion3. Which of the following is mentioned as important in the report?A. InequalityB. UnityC. HomogeneityD. Discrimination4. What is emphasized in the report?A. DiscriminationB. ExclusionC. ProgressD. Unity5. How can the Chinese government support the development of minority groups?A. By segregating themB. By promoting unity and progressC. By discriminating against themD. By excluding themPart II Vocabulary and Structure (10 points)Directions: There are 10 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. Choose the one that best completes the sentence and mark your answer on the Answer Sheet.6. The students_____ outside the school gate.A. waitedC. waited forD. are waiting7. I_____ her a letter, but she probably didn't receive it.A. have sentB. sentC. has sentD. sends8. The teacher is very strict_____ us.A. withB. onC. toD. at9. I haven't seen him_____ a long time.A. sinceB. forC. from10. She_____ when the phone rang.A. sleepsB. was sleepingC. is sleepingD. slept11. He asked me_____ I had seen the latest movie.A. thatB. whereC. ifD. in which12. _____, the meeting finished sooner than we had expected.A. Because of heavy rainB. Despite heavy rainC. In spite heavy rainD. Due to heavy rain13. He hurt his leg, so he can't go skiing, _____?B. can't heC. can himD. can't himPart III Reading Comprehension (30 points)Directions: There are three passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D. You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage 2Questions 14 to 17 are based on the following passage:The panda is loved by people from all over the world. In 2016, Chinese filmmaker Lu Chuan directed a film called "Born in China", which showcases the lives of pandas and other animals in their natural habitats. This film explores the beauty of nature and the importance of wildlife conservation in China.14. What does Lu Chuan's film "Born in China" focus on?A. The lives of pandasB. The lives of other animalsC. The beauty of natureD. The importance of wildlife conservation15. Why do people love pandas from all over the world?A. Because they are cuteB. Because they are friendlyC. Because they are dangerousD. Because they are strong16. What is the film "Born in China" about?A. The lives of pandas in captivityB. The lives of animals worldwideC. The lives of pandas and other animals in their natural habitatsD. The lives of pandas as pets17. What does the film explore?A. The importance of shoppingB. The beauty of nature and wildlife conservationC. The dangers of wild animalsD. The cruelty of captivityPart IV Writing (30 points)Directions:Write an essay with at least 150 words on the following topic:The Importance of Cultural DiversityIn your essay, you should address the following points:1. Define cultural diversity2. Explain why cultural diversity is important3. Provide examples of how cultural diversity enriches society4. Discuss how we can promote and preserve cultural diversityRemember to:1. Use clear and concise language2. Organize your essay logically3. Support your arguments with examples and evidence---The above is a sample of the questions that could be found in the Jilin University Minority Backbone Plan Doctoral English Test. This test aims to assess candidates' reading comprehension, vocabulary, language structure, and writing skills. It is an important evaluation tool for candidates applying for the program. Good luck to all participants!篇2Jilin University Minority Backbone Plan Ph.D. English ExamPart I Reading Comprehension (30 points)Passage OneQuestions 1-5 refer to the following passage."The Ancient Silk Road"The Silk Road was an ancient network of trade routes that connected the East and West. It was central to cultural interaction between the regions for many centuries. The Silk Road primarily refers to the land routes connecting East Asia and Southeast Asia with South Asia, Persia, the Arabian Peninsula, East Africa, and Southern Europe. The Silk Road derives its name from the lucrative trade in silk that took place along its length.1. What is the Silk Road?2. Where did the Silk Road connect?3. What was the primary trade on the Silk Road?4. How long did the Silk Road exist?5. What was the significance of the Silk Road?Part II Writing (70 points)Write an essay (no less than 500 words) on ONE of the following topics:1. The Importance of Cultural Diversity in a Globalized World2. The Role of Education in the Empowerment of Minority Communities3. The Impact of Technology on Minority CulturesPlease write your answers clearly and neatly. Good luck!篇3Jilin University Minority Elite Doctoral Program English ExamIntroductionThe Jilin University Minority Elite Doctoral Program is a prestigious program that aims to support and cultivateoutstanding minority students in pursuing doctoral degrees. The program offers various benefits, including financial support, academic resources, and mentorship, to help minority students excel in their academic and professional pursuits.The English exam for the Jilin University Minority Elite Doctoral Program is a crucial component of the application process. The exam assesses the applicants' proficiency in English, which is essential for success in doctoral studies and academic research. In this article, we will explore the format, content, and tips for preparing for the English exam.Format and ContentThe English exam for the Jilin University Minority Elite Doctoral Program consists of multiple-choice questions and essay writing sections. The multiple-choice questions cover a wide range of topics, including grammar, vocabulary, reading comprehension, and listening comprehension. The essay writing section requires applicants to write an essay on a given topic within a specified time frame.The exam assesses the applicants' ability to communicate effectively in English, understand complex academic texts, and analyze and synthesize information. It also evaluates the applicants' critical thinking skills, creativity, and ability to presentideas clearly and cohesively. The exam is designed to evaluate the applicants' overall language proficiency and readiness for doctoral studies.Preparation TipsTo prepare for the English exam for the Jilin University Minority Elite Doctoral Program, applicants should focus on improving their English language skills, particularly in the areas of grammar, vocabulary, reading comprehension, and writing. Here are some tips for preparing for the exam:1. Practice regularly: Set aside time each day to practice English language skills, such as reading, writing, listening, and speaking. Practice with a variety of materials, such as academic articles, news articles, podcasts, and videos.2. Review grammar and vocabulary: Review and practice common grammar rules, such as verb tenses, sentence structure, and word choice. Expand your vocabulary by learning new words and phrases and using them in sentences.3. Improve reading comprehension: Practice reading academic texts and articles on a wide range of topics to improve your reading comprehension skills. Pay attention to main ideas, supporting details, and author's tone and purpose.4. Enhance writing skills: Practice writing essays on different topics, focusing on organization, coherence, and clarity. Develop your critical thinking skills by analyzing and synthesizing information from multiple sources.5. Seek feedback: Ask for feedback from teachers, tutors, or peers to help improve your English language skills. Revise your essays and practice questions based on feedback to enhance your writing and communication skills.ConclusionThe English exam for the Jilin University Minority Elite Doctoral Program is an important step in the application process for minority students seeking to pursue doctoral studies. By preparing effectively and practicing regularly, applicants can improve their English language skills and increase their chances of success in the exam. The exam assesses the applicants' proficiency in English, critical thinking skills, and ability to communicate effectively, all of which are essential for success in doctoral studies and academic research. With dedication and hard work, applicants can excel in the English exam and achieve their academic and professional goals.。

2012英语试题及答案

2012英语试题及答案一、听力理解（共20分）1. What is the man going to do?A. Go to the cinemaB. Visit his auntC. Attend a meeting2. Why does the woman refuse the man's invitation?A. She is busyB. She is not interestedC. She has to work3. What time does the train leave?A. At 7:00 a.m.B. At 7:30 a.m.C. At 8:00 a.m.4. Where are the speakers?A. In a libraryB. In a bookstoreC. In a museum5. What is the woman's opinion about the new policy?A. She thinks it's fairB. She thinks it's too strictC. She thinks it's too lenient二、阅读理解（共30分）Passage 16. What is the main idea of the passage?A. The importance of sleepB. The effects of lack of sleepC. The benefits of taking naps7. According to the passage, what happens when people are sleep-deprived?A. They become more creativeB. They become more irritableC. They become more focused8. What does the author suggest as a solution to sleep deprivation?A. Taking sleeping pillsB. Drinking more coffeeC. Taking short naps during the dayPassage 29. What is the purpose of the article?A. To promote a new dietB. To warn against unhealthy eating habitsC. To discuss the benefits of a balanced diet10. Which of the following is NOT a reason for obesity mentioned in the article?A. OvereatingB. Lack of exerciseC. Insufficient sleep11. What does the author recommend to prevent obesity?A. Eating smaller portionsB. Skipping mealsC. Drinking more sodaPassage 312. What is the author's main argument in the passage?A. Technology is making people lazierB. Technology is improving people's livesC. Technology is making people more dependent13. According to the passage, what is one example of how technology has changed daily life?A. People now use smartphones to communicateB. People now use cars to travelC. People now use computers to work14. What is the author's opinion about the future of technology?A. It will continue to improveB. It will become obsoleteC. It will cause more problems三、完形填空（共20分）15. The word "exhausted" in the first sentence can be best replaced by ______.A. tiredB. boredC. excited16. The reason why the man was late was that ______.A. he oversleptB. he got lostC. he had an accident17. The woman's reaction to the man's story was ______.A. disbeliefB. sympathyC. anger18. The man's attitude towards his job can be best described as ______.A. enthusiasticB. indifferentC. resentful19. The phrase "to make ends meet" in the last sentence means ______.A. to save moneyB. to spend lessC. to earn enough to pay for necessities四、写作（共30分）20. Write an essay on the topic "The Role of Technology in Modern Education". You should write at least 120 words. Use your own experiences and examples to support your points.答案：一、听力理解1-5 CABAC二、阅读理解6-11 ABBACB12-14 BAC三、完形填空15-19 AABCC四、写作[略]。

吉林大学少数民族骨干计划博士英语真题

吉林大学少数民族骨干计划博士英语真题Jilin University Minority Backbone Plan Doctoral English TestPart I Listening Comprehension (30%)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear 10 short conversations. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the question will be spoken only once. After each question, there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1. A) Rent a bigger apartment.B) Get a new roommate.C) Move to a larger city.D) Buy a house of his own.2. A) They have their own rooms.B) They are brothers.C) They are staying at a hotel.D) They are living with the speakers.3. A) At the railway station.B) At a bus stop.C) On a corner near the hotel.D) Near the hotel.4. A) $50.B) $40.C) $30.D) $20.5. A) Jack enjoyed Maggie's birthday party.B) Maggie's birthday party was a smashing success.C) Jack has been to many parties before.D)Jack managed to amuse everyone at the party.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the fourchoices already marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage oneQuestions 6 to 8 are based on the passage you have just heard.6. A) Last week.B) Last Saturday.C) Last Sunday.D) Last Friday.7. A) He will be admitted to a hospital.B) He will be staying with friends.C) He will be taking the day off.D) He will be flying to London.8. A) India.B) Australia.C) England.D) The USPassage twoQuestions 9 to 11 are based on the passage you have just heard.9. A) Jerry Smith.B) Tommy White.C) Mary Marshall.D) Jenny Brown.10. A) He is a football coach.B) He is a basketball player.C) He is a tennis coach.D) He is a runner.11. A) Going for a football game.B) Watching a basketball game.C) Teaching tennis.D) Running.Part II Reading Comprehension (40%)Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For eachof them, there are four choices which are marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage oneThere isn't a single person on this earth who hasn't experienced difficult times. Even those people who show exceptional confidence sometimes feel lost and uncertain. But remember: no one has control over the challenges that life brings. It is how you respond that matters. Holding on to positive thinking and surrounding yourself with supportive friends and family will help you through any crisis. Approach your problems one step at a time, and soon you will find the solution.12. What does the author imply about difficult times?A) Everyone experiences them.B) They are easy to overcome.C) Only some people experience them.D) They are controllable.13. According to the passage, what is helpful in overcoming challenges?A) Positive thinking.B) Ignoring the problem.C) Being alone.D) Avoiding friends and family.Passage twoIn ancient times, ceremonies were held to honor the changing of the seasons. These festivals included dances, music, and special garments. The colors worn reflected the vitality of spring, the warmth of summer, the richness of autumn, and the harshness of winter. Food was also a central part of these celebrations, and people would often share a meal to mark the occasion.14. Which of the following was NOT part of ancient seasonal festivals?A) Ceremonies.B) Music.C) Fishing.D) Food.15. What did people wear to reflect the changing seasons?A) Bright colors.B) Dull colors.C) Heavy fabrics.D) White garments.Passage threeThe global economy has made it easier for people to connect with each other from different parts of the world. Advances in technology have created a world where it is possible to work remotely with colleagues from different countries. This new way of working has opened up exciting opportunities for collaboration and the exchange of ideas.16. According to the passage, what has made it easier for people to connect globally?A) Advances in technology.B) Social media.C) Physical travel.D) The global economy.17. What is a benefit of the new way of working?A) Increased isolation.B) Fewer work options.C) Collaboration.D) Limited ideas.Part III Vocabulary and Structure (30%)Directions: There are 30 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence, there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should complete the sentence with the answer that best suits the context and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.18. Could you tell me ______ the supermarket?A) where isB) where it isC) is whereD) it where19. ______, he isn't going jogging in the park.A) As usuallyB) UsuallyC) As usualD) Usual.20. What a ______ laptop you have!A) high-qualityB) quality-highC) quality - highD) high - quality21. I wanted to talk to my boss yesterday, ______ he was too busy.A) soB) asC) butD) untilPart IV Writing (30%)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled "The Impact of Technology on Education". You should write at least 120 words, but no more than 180 words.The Impact of Technology on EducationTechnology has revolutionized the way we learn and teach. With the introduction of computers, tablets, and smartphones in the classroom, students have more resources at their fingertips than ever before. They can access information instantly and collaborate with peers on projects. Teachers can create interactive lessons and provide personalized feedback to students.Furthermore, online learning platforms have made education more accessible to people in remote areas or with busy schedules. Students can now take courses from top universities around the world without leaving their homes. However, technology also poses challenges, such as distractions and privacy concerns. It is important for educators to find a balance between using technology as a tool for learning and ensuring that students are not overwhelmed by it.Overall, technology has had a profound impact on education, changing the way we learn and teach in the 21st century.Overall, the Jilin University Minority Backbone Plan Doctoral English Test covers listening comprehension, reading comprehension, vocabulary, structure, and writing. It assesses candidates' English language skills in a variety of areas to ensurethey are well-prepared for their doctoral studies. Good luck to all test takers!以上是我为您准备的《吉林大学少数民族骨干计划博士英语真题》的文档，希望对您有所帮助。

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吉林大学考博英语2012年真题(总分：100.00，做题时间：90分钟)一、Part Ⅰ Vocabulary an(总题数：30，分数：30.00)nguage, culture, and personality may be considered ______ of each other in thought, but they are inseparable in fact.（分数：1.00）A.indistinctB.separateC.irrelevantD.independent2.The work was done in the ______ of reforms in the economic, social and cultural spheres.（分数：1.00）A.contextB.contestC.pretextD.texture3.The dean tried to retain control of the situation on campus, but his attempt was ______ by the board of trustees.（分数：1.00）A.approvedB.frustratedC.disclosedD.justified4.Some journalists are fond of overstating the situation so that their news may create a great ______.（分数：1.00）A.explosionB.sensationC.exaggeratingD.stimulation5.There was little, if any, evidence to substantiate the gossip and, ______ there was little to disprove it.（分数：1.00）A.by the same tokenB.under the same conditionC.at the same stageD.for the same purpose6.Every chemical change either results from energy being used to produce the change, or causes energy to be ______ in some form.（分数：1.00）A.given offB.put outC.set offed up7.The United Nations Conferences on the Law of the sea would soon produce an ocean-mining treaty following its ______ declaration in 1970 that oceans were the heritage of mankind.（分数：1.00）A.unanimousB.abstractC.autonomousD.almighty8.This growth in the ______ of diabetes is due, in part, to an increase in obesity.（分数：1.00）A.inferenceB.incidenceC.regulationD.repetition9.Preliminary estimation puts the figure at around $110 billion, ______ the $160 billion the President is struggling to get through the Congress.（分数：1.00）A.in proportion toB.in reply toC.in relation toD.in contrast to10.France"s ______ of nuclear testing in the South Pacific last month triggered political debates and mass demonstrations.（分数：1.00）A.assumptionB.consumptionC.presumptionD.resumption11.The ______ of a cultural phenomenon is usually a logical consequence of some physical aspect in the life style of the people.（分数：1.00）A.implementationB.demonstrationC.manifestationD.expedition12.Reading ______ the mind only with materials of knowledge, it is thinking that makes what we read ours.（分数：1.00）A.rectifiesB.prolongsC.minimizesD.furnishes13.Previous studies provoked ______ because they used patients whose diagnosis was questionable.（分数：1.00）A.contributionB.contractionC.controversyD.convergence14.Although the model looks good on the surface, it will not bear close ______.（分数：1.00）A.temperamentB.contaminationC.scrutinyD.symmetry15.I never said anything like that at all. You are purposely ______ my ideas to prove your points.（分数：1.00）A.revisingB.contradictingC.distortingD.distracting16.To survive in the intense trade competition between countries, companies must ______ the qualities and varieties of their products to the world-market demand.（分数：1.00）A.forfeitB.enhanceC.guaranteeD.gear17.I was unaware of the critical points involved, so my choice was quite ______.（分数：1.00）A.arbitraryB.rationalC.mechanicalD.unpredictable18.An important property of a scientific theory is its ability to ______ further research and further thinking about a particular topic.（分数：1.00）A.stimulateB.renovateC.arouseD.advocate19.All the off-shore oil explorers were in high spirits as they read ______ letters from their families.（分数：1.00）A.affectionateB.sentimentalC.intimateD.sensitive20.Whoever formulated the theory of the origin of the universe, it is just ______ and needs proving.（分数：1.00）A.spontaneousB.hypotheticalC.intuitiveD.empirical21.The ceremony will ______ as soon as the president arrives.（分数：1.00）mendplyC.confrontmence22.The barbarous aggressors grew more and more ______ in slaughtering people and burning down their houses.（分数：1.00）A.amorphousB.ferociousC.audaciousD.egregious23.Some of the words employed by Shakespeare in his works have become ______ and are no longer used in the present days.（分数：1.00）A.obsoleteB.obsceneC.obviousD.oblique24.Because of the economic slowdown, the government changed its policy to ______ revenue by limiting commerce.（分数：1.00）A.disregardB.challengeC.diminishD.reject25.The spectators in the stadium cheered up when they saw hundreds of colorful balloons ______ slowly into the sky.（分数：1.00）B.ascendingC.escalatingD.elevating26.An increasing proportion of our population, unable to live without advanced medical ______, will become progressively more reliant on expensive technology.（分数：1.00）A.interferenceB.interruptionC.interventionD.interaction27.Several international events in the early 1990s seem likely to ______, or at least weaken, the trends that emerged in the 1980s.（分数：1.00）A.revoltB.revolveC.reverseD.revive28.Foreign disinvestment and the ______ of South Africa from world capital markets after 1985 further weakened its economy.（分数：1.00）A.displacementB.eliminationC.exclusionD.exception29.We are moving towards a more ______ and cooperative society, which is getting better and better.（分数：1.00）A.fraternalB.emotionalC.accidentalD.illegal30.The students were ______ about who their new teacher would be when the bell rang for their first class in the new semester.（分数：1.00）A.foreseeingB.speculatingC.fabricatingD.pondering二、Part Ⅱ Cloze(总题数：1，分数：10.00)New research from Australia supports the belief that many pet owners have—it shows that pets are good for your health. The 1 of this new study suggest that people who have pets are 2 less risk from heart disease than 3 who do not.Ironically this 4 study on pets was intended to 5 the myth that pets are good for your health. Earlier research 6 the benefits of owning pets received a lot of 7 , but the results were not good enough to 8 the more skeptical doctors. The new research was carried 9 over three years and examined 6000 people, the largest group yet involved in 10 a study. They took tests that measured a 11 of different factors known to be 12 in heart disease— 13 and blood levels of cholesterol (胆固醇) and triglyceride (甘油三酸酯). 14 , people were asked about their lifestyles.The 800 people who owned pets had 15 levels on each of the factors 16 than those who did not own pets. The differences were even greater than those found in similar studies on people who 17 to vegetarian diets or took 18 exercise. The study also showed that it did not matter 19 kind of pet was owned—a cat was as good as a dog—so the benefits could not be attributed 20 the exercise involved in walking a dog.（分数：10.00）B.conclusionsC.indicationsD.signsA.inB.onC.atD.ofA.othersB.onesC.theseD.thoseteterttertestA.exploreB.explodeC.exploitD.expressA.aboutB.inC.onD.ofA.publicityB.publicC.publicanD.publicationA.consultB.convertC.convictD.convinceA.onB.outC.throughD.forA.soB.suchC.howD.whatA.kindB.sortC.varietyD.differenceA.includingB.involvingC.includedD.involvedA.blood pressureC.indigestionD.high feverA.HoweverB.AlsoC.ThereforeD.SoA.similarB.sameC.lowerD.fewerA.calculatedB.testedC.mentionedD.measuredA.switchedB.shutC.ateD.directedA.inB.outC.upD.overA.whatB.whichC..aD.theA.throughB.toC.byD.for三、Part Ⅲ Reading Compr(总题数：0，分数：0.00)四、Passage One(总题数：1，分数：10.00)When a disease of epidemic proportions rips into the populace, scientists immediately get to work, trying to locate the source of the affliction and find ways to combat it. Oftentimes, success is achieved, as medical science is able to isolate the parasite, germ or cell that causes the problem and finds ways to effectively kill or contain it. In the most serious of cases, in which the entire population of a region or country may be at grave risk, it is deemed necessary to protect the entire population through vaccination, so as to safeguard lives and ensure that the disease will not spread.The process of vaccination allows the patient"s body to develop immunity to the virus or disease so that, if it is encountered, one can fight it off naturally. To accomplish this, a small weak or dead strain of the disease is actually injected into the patient in a controlled environment, so that his body"s immune system can learn to fight the invader properly. Information on how to penetrate the disease"s defenses is transmitted to all elements of the patient"s immune system in a process that occurs naturally, in which genetic information is passed from cell to cell. This makes sure that, should the patient later come into contact with the real problem, his body is well equipped and trained to deal with it, having already done so before.There are dangers inherent in the process, however. On occasion, even the weakened version ofthe disease contained in the vaccine proves too much for the body to handle, resulting in the immune system succumbing, and, therefore, the patient"s death. Such is the case of the smallpox vaccine, designed to eradicate the smallpox epidemic that nearly wiped out the entire Native American population and killed massive numbers of settlers. Approximately 1 in 10,000 people who receives the vaccine contract the smallpox disease from the vaccine itself and dies from it. Thus, if the entire population of the United States were to receive the Smallpox Vaccine today, 3000 Americans would be left dead.Fortunately, the smallpox virus was considered eradicated in the early 1970"s, ending the mandatory vaccination of all babies in America. In the event of a re-introduction of the disease, however, mandatory vaccinations may resume, resulting in more unexpected deaths from vaccination. The process, which is truly a blessing, may indeed hide some hidden cures.（分数：10.00）(1).How do vaccines protect humans from diseases according to Paragraph Two?（分数：2.00）A.By training the immune system to fight weaker versions of the diseaseB.By passing information on how to fight the disease to the immune systemC.By weakening the disease so that the immune system can defeat itD.Introducing the disease to the body, so that survivors have already fought it(2).What does the example of the smallpox vaccine illustrate?（分数：2.00）A.The way that vaccines protect people from diseasesB.The effectiveness of vaccines in eradicating certain diseasesC.The practical use of a vaccine to control an epidemic diseaseD.The possible negative outcome of administering vaccines(3).The author argues that vaccinations are both a blessing and a curse because ______.（分数：2.00）A.saving the many would not necessarily justify the death of the fewB.some vaccines, such as the smallpox vaccine, have negative side effectsC.they don"t always workD.while many lives are saved, some are actually killed by the vaccine(4).The best title for the passage would be ______.（分数：2.00）A."The Smallpox Vaccine: An Analysis"B."How Vaccines Work"C."Vaccines: Methods and Implications"D."A Warning on the Negative Side Effects of Vaccines"(5).The main purpose of the passage is to ______.（分数：2.00）A.convince the reader that vaccines are not as safe as many thinkcate the reader on how vaccines are used and some of their dangerscate the reader on the circumstances that would necessitate widespread vaccinationsD.present the method by which vaccines are used through the case of the smallpox vaccine五、Passage Two(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Few natural dangers are more feared than avalanches. Avalanches are a familiar part of European history. Particularly in the Swiss and French Alps. This is where the direction of wars has turned almost instantly because of avalanches wiping out invading armies.In North America, avalanches are limited almost entirely to the Rocky Mountains and the lower ranges to the west, the Sierra Nevadas and the Cascades. Avalanches have occurred in the mountains of New England but not with the regularity and intensity seen in the western mountains. Several methods are used in explaining and predicting avalanches. Scientists are learning about them using research methods. So many of the factors that create avalanches are hidden beneath the snow"s surface that predictions are still largely guesswork. Therefore, winter travelers must assume the worst of conditions when they traverse the slopes.An avalanche occurs when a given amount of snow becomes too heavy for whatever is holding it inplace. It then breaks loose and slides downhill.Avalanches are divided into two general categories, loose snow and slab. A loose snow avalanche usually starts at a single point, such as a skier"s track, and spreads out like a fan or a pyramid in a chain reaction. One crystal breaks another free, which multiples as the loose snow moves downhill. Sometimes these avalanches stop after only a few feet. Sometimes they move thousands of tons of snow downhill in speeds up to 300 miles per hour. This creates a shock wave that can flatten parts of a forest that are not even touched by the actual avalanche.Stab avalanches are those that have a wide area of snow which breaks loose in a large piece. These can range in size from just a few square feel to thousands of square feet of snow. The most dangerous and common type of avalanche for skiers is the so-called "soft slab" avalanche. This type occurs most often during, or just after a heavy snowfall. The snow hasn"t yet had a chance to settle and adhere to the existing snow. The heavier and the wetter the snow and the colder the temperature, the less likely the new snow will form a bond with the existing snow.（分数：10.00）(1).What would be the best title for this passage?（分数：2.00）A.AvalanchesB.The History of AvalanchesC.Skiers BewareD.Avalanches Can Kill(2).According to the passage, how did avalanches affect wars?（分数：2.00）A.They hid the armies approaching the city aiding in the attackB.They killed the armies approaching the cityC.They blocked paths into the cityD.They snowblinded the approaching armies(3).According to the passage, what must skiers assume about avalanches when skiing?（分数：2.00）A.They only have to worry after a heavy snowfallB.Avalanches only occur in the Swiss or French AlpsC.They should always expect that an avalanche will occurD.When skiing in New England, they will never have to worry about an avalanche(4).According to the passage, when is the most dangerous time for skiers?（分数：2.00）A.When the temperature is below 20 degrees FB.Right before a snowstormC.During a snowstormD.In the winter(5).According to the passage, which factor causes an avalanche?（分数：2.00）A.The slope of the mountainB.The size of the snowfallC.The amount and intensity of movement around the snowfallD.The weight of the snow六、Passage Three(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Recent stories in the newspapers and magazines suggest that teaching and research contradict each other, that research plays too prominent a part in academic promotions, and that teaching is badly underemphasized. There is an element of truth in these statements, but they also ignore deeper and more important relationships.Research experience is an essential element of hiring and promotion at a research university because it is the emphasis on research that distinguishes such a university from an arts college. Some professors, however, neglect teaching for research and that presents s problem.Most research universities reward outstanding teaching, but the greatest recognition is usually given for achievements in research. Part of the reason is the difficulty of judging teaching.A highly responsible and tough professor is usually appreciated by top students who want to bechallenged but disliked by those whose records are less impressive. The mild professor gets overall ratings that are usually high, but there is a sense of disappointment on the part of the best students, exactly those for whom the system should present the greatest challenges. Thus, a university trying to promote professors primarily on the basis of teaching qualities would have to confront this confusion.As modem science moves faster, two forces are exerted on professors: one is the time needed to keep up with the profession; the other is the time needed to teach. The training of new scientists requires outstanding teaching at the research university as well as the arts college. Although scientists are usually "made" in the elementary schools, scientists can be "lost" by poor teaching at the college and graduate school levels. The solution is not to separate teaching and research but to recognize that the combination is difficult but vital. The title of professor should be given only to those who profess and it is perhaps time for universities to reserve it for those willing to be an earnest part of the community of scholars. Professors unwilling to teach can be called "distinguished research investigators" of something else.The pace of modem science makes it increasingly difficult to be a great researcher and a great teacher. Yet many are described in just those terms. Those who say we can separate teaching and research simply do not understand the system, but those who say the problem will disappear are not fulfilling their responsibilities.（分数：10.00）(1).What idea does the author want to convey in the first paragraph?（分数：2.00）A.The relationship between teaching and research should not be simplifiedB.Teaching and research are contradictoryC.Research can never be emphasized too muchD.It is wrong to overestimate the importance of teaching(2).In academic promotions research universities still attach more importance to research partly because ______.（分数：2.00）A.research improves the quality of teachingB.students who want to be challenged appreciate research professorsC.professors with achievements in research are usually responsible and toughD.it is difficult to evaluate teaching quality objectively(3).According to the fourth paragraph, which of the following will the author probably agree with?（分数：2.00）A.Distinguished professors at research universities should concentrate on research onlyB.It is of utmost importance to improve teaching in elementary schools in order to train new scientistsC.The separation of teaching from research can lower the quality of future scientistsD.The rapid development of modern science makes it impossible to combine teaching with research(4).The title of professor should be given only to those who first and foremost do ______.（分数：2.00）A.scientific researchB.teachingC.field workD.investigation(5).The phrase "the problem" (Line 3, Para. 5) refers to ______.（分数：2.00）A.raising the status of teachingB.the separation of teaching from researchC.the combination of teaching with researchD.improving the status of research七、Passage Four(总题数：1，分数：10.00)Large companies need a way to reach the savings of the public at large. The same problem, on a smaller scale, faces practically every company trying to develop new products and create new jobs. There can be little prospect of raising the sort of sums needed from friends and people we know, and while banks may agree to provide short-term finance, they are generally unwilling to provide money on a permanent basis for long-term projects. So companies turn to the public, inviting people to lend them money, or take a share in the business in exchange for a share in future profits. This they do by issuing stocks and shares in the business through The Stock Exchange. By doing so, they can put into circulation the savings of individuals and institutions, both at home and overseas.When the saver needs his money back, he does not have to go to the company with whom he originally placed it. Instead, he sells his shares through a stockbroker to some other saver who is seeking to invest his money.Many of the services needed both by industry and by each of us are provided by the Government or by local authorities. Without hospitals, roads, electricity, telephones, railways, this country could not function. All these require continuous spending on new equipment and new development if they are to serve us properly, requiring more money than is raised through taxes alone. The Government, local authorities, and nationalized industries therefore frequently needed to borrow money to finance major capital spending, and they, too, come to The Stock Exchange. There is hardly a man or woman in this country whose job or whose standard of living does not depend on the ability of his or her employers to raise money to finance new development. In one way or another, this new money must come from the savings of the country. The Stock Exchange exists to provide a channel through which these savings can reach those who need finance.（分数：10.00）(1).Almost all companies involved in new production and development must ______.（分数：2.00）A.rely on their financial resourcesB.persuade the banks to provide long-term financeC.borrow large sums of money from friends and people we knowD.depend on the population as a whole for finance(2).The money which enables these companies to go ahead with their projects is ______.（分数：2.00）A.repaid to its original owners as soon as possibleB.raised by the selling of shares in the companiesC.exchanges for part ownership in The Stock ExchangeD.invested in different companies on The Stock Exchange(3).When the savers want their money back they ______.（分数：2.00）A.ask another company to obtain their money for themB.look for other people to borrow money fromC.put their shares in the company hack on the marketD.transfer their money to a more successful company(4).All the essential services on which we depend are ______.（分数：2.00）A.run by the Government or our local authoritiesB.in constant need of financial supportC.financed wholly by rates and taxesD.unable to provide for the needs of the population(5).The Stock Exchange makes it possible for the Government, local authorities and nationalized industries ______.（分数：2.00）A.to borrow as much money as they wishB.to make certain everybody saves moneyC.to raise money to finance new developmentsD.to make certain everybody lends money to them八、Passage Five(总题数：1，分数：10.00)The producers of instant coffee found their product strongly resisted in the market places despite their manifest advantages. Furthermore, the advertising expenditure for instant coffee was far greater than that for regular coffee. Efforts were made to find the cause of the consumers" seemingly unreasonable resistance to the product. The reason given by most people was dislike for the taste. The producers suspected that there might be deeper reasons, however. This was confirmed by one of motivation research"s classic studies, one often cited in the trade. Mason Haire, of the University of California, constructed two shopping lists that were identical except for one item. There were six items common to both lists: hamburger, carrots, baking powder, bread, canned peaches and potatoes, with the brands or amounts specified. The seventh item, in the fifth place on both lists, read "I lb. Maxwell House coffee" on one list and "Nescafe instant coffee" on the other. One list was given to each person in a group of fifty women, and the other list to those in another group of the same size. The women were asked to study their lists and then to describe, as far as they could, the kind of woman ("personality and character") who would draw up that shopping list. Nearly half of those who had received the list including instant coffee described a housewife who was lazy and a poor planner. On the other hand, only one woman in the other group described the housewife, who had included regular coffee on her list, as lazy, only six of that group suggested that she was a poor planner. Eight women felt that the instant-coffee user was probably not a good wife! No one in the other group drew such a conclusion about the housewife who intended to buy regular coffee.（分数：10.00）(1).The fact that producers found resistance to their product despite the fact that they spent more advertising money on instant than regular coffee shows that ______.（分数：2.00）A.advertising does not assure favorable sales resultspanies spent more money on advertising than they shouldC.people pay little attention to advertisingD.the more one advertises the better the sales picture(2).In this instance, the purpose of motivation research was to discover ______.（分数：2.00）A.why people drink coffeeB.why instant coffee did not taste goodC.why regular coffee was successfulD.the real reason why people would not buy instant coffee(3).This investigation indicated that ______.（分数：2.00）A.50 per cent of housewives are lazyB.housewives who use instant coffee are lazyC.many women believe that wives who use instant coffee are lazyD.wives who use regular coffee are good planners(4).On the results of this test, the producers probably revised their advertising to show a ______.（分数：2.00）zy housewife using regular coffeeB.hard-working housewife using instant coffeezy housewife using instant coffeeD.man obviously enjoying the taste of instant coffee(5).Which of the following is implied but not stated?（分数：2.00）A.Despite its advantages, most people disliked instant coffee because of its tasteB.The advertising expenditure for instant coffee was greater than that for regular coffeeC.Very often we do not know the real reasons for doing thingsD.Taste is the principal factor in determining what we buy九、Passage Six(总题数：1，分数：10.00)In recent years, there has been an increasing awareness of the inadequacies of the judicial system in the United States. Costs are staggering both for the taxpayers and the litigants—and the litigants, or parties, have to wait sometimes many years before having their day in court. Many suggestions have been made concerning methods of ameliorating (改善) the situation, but as in most branches of government, changes come slowly.One suggestion that has been made in order to maximize the efficiency of the system is to allow districts that have an overabundance of pending cases to borrow judges from other districts that do not have such a backlog. Another suggestion is to use pretrial conferences, in which the judge meets in his chambers with the litigants and their attorneys in order to narrow the issues, limit the witnesses, and provide for a more orderly trial. The theory behind pretrial conferences is that judges will spend less time on each case and parties will more readily settle before trial when they realize the adequacy of their claims and their opponents" evidence. Unfortunately, at least one study has shown that pretrial conferences actually use more judicial time than they save, rarely result in pretrial settlements, and actually result in higher damage settlements. Many states have now established another method, small-claims courts, in which cases over small sums of money can be disposed of with considerable dispatch. Such proceedings cost the litigants almost nothing. In California, for example, the parties must appear before the judge without the assistance of counsel. The proceedings are quite informal and there is no pleading (辩护)—the litigants need to make only a one-sentence statement of their claim. By going to this type of court, the plaintiff (原告) waives (放弃) any right to a jury trial and the right to appeal the decision.（分数：10.00）(1).The pretrial conference, in theory, is supposed to do all of the following except ______.（分数：2.00）A.narrow the issuesB.cause early settlementsC.save judicial timeD.increase settlement costs(2).What is the main topic of the passage?（分数：2.00）A.All states should follow California"s example in using small-claims courts in order to free judges for other workB.The legislature needs to formulate fewer laws so that the judiciary can catch up on its older casesC.Nobody seems to care enough to attempt to find methods for making the judicial system more efficientD.While there are many problems with the court system, there are viable suggestions for improvement(3).The word "litigants" means most nearly ______.（分数：2.00）A.jury membersmentatorsC.parties in a lawsuitD.taxpayers(4).Which of the following is true about small-claims courts?（分数：2.00）A.It is possible to have one"s case heard by a jury if he or she is dissatisfied with the court"s decisionB.The litigants must plead accurately and according to a strict formC.The decision may not be appealed to a higher courtD.The parties may not present their cases without an attorney"s help(5).What can we assume from the passage?（分数：2.00）A.Most people who feel they have been wronged have a ready remedy in courts of law。

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