as_well_either_also_too的区别
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as well, either, also, too的区别
1.also用于肯定句,既可表示两人干了同样的事,也可表示一个人干了两件事,通常位于be动词,助动词或情态动词之后,行为动词之前。如:
He has been to Beijing. I have also been there.他去过北京,我也去过。
He is good at English. He is also good at Japanese.他擅长英语,也擅长日语。
I also wants some tea.我也要点茶。
注意:表示强调时,also也可放在助动词或情态动词等之前。比较:
I can also do it.我也能干。
I also can do it.(同上)
2.too也用于肯定句,比also更通俗,和also, as well可以相互替换,可放在句中,也可放在句末。如:
Xiao Li went to Beijing and Xiao Zhao, too, went to Beijing.小李到北京去了,小赵也到北京去了。
He studies hard and I study hard, too.他学习用功,我(学习)也用功。
3.either用于否定句,而且只能放在句末。如:
He didn’t know it.I didn’t know it either.他不知道那件事,我也不知道。
I can’t speak French and can’t write it, either.我不会讲法语,也不会写法语。
4.as well在口语中用得很多,用法和too完全一样,可以互换,通常位于句末。[见as well, as well as条]。如:
She not only sings,she plays the piano as well.她不但会唱歌,而且会弹钢琴。
I can do it as well.这事我也能做。
5.在含有责备、抱怨或规劝之类的句子中,若句子本身是以否定的形式表达肯定的意义时用“too”,而不用“either”。这类句子一般可用should, had better, would rather等改成肯定的形式,只是语气稍有不同。如:Can’t you see I’ve got teeth, too?你难道看不出我也有牙齿吗?(=You should see I’ve got teeth, too.)
6.在表示建议或邀请的句子中,若句子是否定的形式,肯定的意义,用“too”而不用“either”。这类句子在大都可以改成肯定的形式。如:
Won’t you come, too?你也来吗?(=Will you please come, too?或=Please come too. )
Wouldn’t you have a cup of coffee too?您也来杯咖啡好吗?(=Please have a cup of coffee too.)
7.在反意疑问句中,若主体句是肯定式,否定式的追加问句不影响整句的肯定意义,那么,主体句中可用“too”,而不可用“either”。如:
She went to see her last Sunday too, didn’t she?她上星期天也去看她了,(不)是吗?(=Did she go to see her last Sunday too?)
8.在具有否定意义的否定句中,否定词前可用“too”而不用“either”。但这类句子更常用“not…ether”结构来表达。如:
He did not come, and she too did not come.他没来,她也没有来。(=He did not come, and she did not come either.)
I believed, too, that I had never listened so attentively.我觉得我从来没有这么用心地听讲过。
9.too虽在否定词后,但否定词仅仅是否定某个词或片语,而不影响全句的肯定意义时,一般用“too”而不用“either”。如:
No worries and a comfortable place to sleep in are important, too.
无忧无虑,睡的地方舒适也非常重要。
as well as的用法
作为习语用作介词时,as well as的涵义是“还有”、“不但…而且…”。
值得注意的是,在A as well as B的结构里,语意的重点在A,不在B。
因此,“He can speak Spanish as well as English.”的译文应该是:“他不但会说英语,而且会讲西班牙语”,决不能译作:“他不但会说西班牙语,而且会讲英语”。如果这样翻译,就是本末倒置了。
as well as和not only… but also…同义,但前者的语意重点和后者的语意重点恰好颠倒。如果as well as用作连词引出比较从句,其义为“和…一样好”。因此,“He speaks Spanish as well as English.”应译作:“他说西班牙语像说英语一样好”。语意的重点依旧在前部,不在后半部。
请注意as well as以下的用法:
She called on you as well as I.不但我来看你,她也拜访了你。
She called on you as well as me.她不但拜访了我,也拜访了你。
在下列句中,as well as表示“像…一样”的涵义:
She as well as you is an English teacher.
她像你一样也是英文教师。
这里的谓语动词用is,不用are,因为句中的主语是she,不是she和you。
As well是副词短语,其义为“也”,相当于too,它一般放在句末,有时和连词and或but搭配使用。例:
He is a worker,and a poet as well.他是工人,但也是诗人。
China possesses enormous quantities of coal and is rich in other minerals as well.
中国拥有大量煤炭,其他的矿藏也很丰富。
Mr..Liu can speak English,but he can speak Cantonese as well.
刘先生会说英语,但他也能讲广东话。
as well as 可连接并列的单词或短语如果as well as 前面是动词不定式,那么其后的动词也是不定式,但to要省略应保持一致。
由as well as 连接的复合主语并不影响谓语动词的数as well as 连接的人称代词既可以是主格也可以是宾格,但句意不同。as well as 用于肯定结构和否定结构中,其意义不同强调连续性和反复性,and连接相同的两个词,
可以是动词、名词、形容词或副词祈使句+and+简单句”结构,表示条件关系,祈使句相当于if引导的条件从句。在口语中,and可用在come, go run, hurry up, stay, stop等动词后代替表示目的的动词不定式,这些词也可以接带to的不定式and位于句首时常用来承上启下,有“那么;于是;因此”之意and用来连接数词(=plus)时,表示“加”。and all that = and so on = and so forth = and what not,意为“诸如此类;等等”。and yet表示“但是;然而”。as well as连接两个动词时,有三种情况:
1)前后两个动词的时态要一致。即:若第一个动词是一般现在时,第二个动词也应是一般现在时;若第一个动词是一般过去时,第二个动词也应是一般过去时。例如:He publishes(published)as well as prints(printed)his own books.
他的书是自己印刷并出版的。
2)如果第一个动词是复合时态,或由can,may,must等加动词构成时,as well as后面可省去助动词或情态动词,此时,as well as意为“既……又……”。例如:
We are repairing the roof as well as painting the walls.
我们在粉刷墙壁,同时也在修理屋顶。
She can /could sing as well as dance.
她既会跳舞也会唱歌。
3)如果第一个动词是不定式,as well as后面的动词也要用不定式,但要去掉to。例如:
You can't expect her to do the housework as well as look after the children.
你不可能叫她既照管孩子又做家务。
5.注意as well as的另外两层涵义:
1)as well as还有“除……之外”之意。例如:
As well as knowing some Russian,she speaks English very well.
除了懂得一点俄语之外,她的英语讲得很好。
2)as well as还可视为as...as结构,用于副词的同等比较。可解作“和……一样好”。
例如:He can speak English as well as you can.