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In the United States alone, over 100 million cell-phones are thrown away each year. Cell-phones are part of a growing mountain of electronic waste like computers and personal digital assistants 定语. The electronic waste stream is increasing three times faster than traditional garbage as a whole.

Electronic devices contain valuable metals 定语such as gold and silver. A Swiss study reported that while the weight of electronic goods 定语represented by precious metals was relatively small in comparison to total waste, the concentration (含量) of gold and other precious metals was higher in So-called e-waste than in naturally occurring minerals.

Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals. Even when the machines are recycled and the harmful metals removed, 主句the recycling process often is carried out in poor countries, in practically uncontrolled ways 定语which allow many poisonoussubstances to escape into the environment.

主语Creating products out of raw materials creates much more waste material, up to 100 times more, than the material 定

语contained in the finished products. Consider again the cell-

phone, and imagine the mines that produced those metals, the factories needed to make the box and packaging(包装) it came in. Many wastes 定语produced in the producing process are harmful as well.

The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency notes that most waste is dangerous in 宾语that “the production, distribution, and use of products — as well as management of the resulting waste — all result in greenhouse gas release.” Individuals can reduce their contribution by creating less waste at the start —独立成分for instance, buying reusable products and recycling.

In many countries the concept of extended producer responsibility 主语is being considered or has been put in place as an incentive (动机) for reducing waste. If producers are required to take back packaging 定语they use to sell their products, would they reduce the packaging in the first place?

Governments’ incentive 定语to require producers to take responsibility for the packaging they produce is usually based on money. Why, 独立成分they ask, should cities or towns

be responsible for paying to deal with the bubble wrap (气泡垫) that encased your television定语?

From the governments’ poi nt of view, 主语a primary goal of laws 定语requiring extended producer responsibility is 表语to transfer both the costs and the physical

responsibility of waste management from the government and tax-payers back to the producers.

58. By mentioning the Swiss study, the author intends to tell us that _________ .

A. the weight of e-goods is rather small

B. E-waste deserves to be made good use of

C. natural minerals contain more precious metals

D. the percentage of precious metals is heavy in e-waste

59. The responsibility of e-waste treatment should be extended _________ .

A. from producers to governments

B. from governments to producers

C. from individuals to distributors

D. from distributors to governments

60. What does the passage mainly talk about?

A. The increase in e-waste.

B. The creation of e-waste.

C. The seriousness of e-waste.

D. The management of e-waste.

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