中考二轮复习专题四：冠词与介词

龙文教育学科导学案

教师:郇成会学生: 年级日期: 2013/ / 星期: 时段: __ :00--_ _:00学情分析

课题中考二轮复习专题四：介词与数词

学习目标

与

考点分析学习目标：1. 对知识进行分类学习，同时将每个考点串联起来讲解，并且将易混淆的知识放在一起进行对比。

2. 在对知识分类讲解的同时，时刻不忘学生基础知识的复习。

考点分析：1. 在分类学习的过程中与学生一起对历届的中考题进行研究学习

2. 加强学生阅读能力的培养以及强化学生的逻辑推理能力。

学习重点

学习方法归纳，总结，讲授，练习

学习内容与过程

一：Lead-in

二：Presentation

（一）. 介词的用法

I. 介词的功能

介词是一种虚词，用来表示名词或相当于名词的其它词语句中其它词的关系，不能单独使用。介词可与名词或相当于名词的其它词构成介词短语。介词短语可在句中作定语，状语，表语和宾语补足语。例如：The boy over there is John’s brother. (定语)

The girl will be back in two hours. (状语)

Our English teacher is from Australia. (表语)

Help yourself to some fish. (宾语补足语)

II. 常用介词的用法辨析

1. 表时间的介词

(1). at, in on

at : 表示时间点.

eg：at six o’clock/ at noon/ at midnight/ at Halloween

in: 表示在某个世纪，某年，某月，某个季节以及早晨，上午，下午，晚上。

eg：in the ninettenth century / in 2002/ in may/ in winter/ in the morning/ in the afternoon on: 表示具体的某一天和某一天的上午，下午，晚上.

eg：on Monday, on July 1st / on Sunday morning

①.We’ll have a hiking trip, but when shall we meet?—Let’s make it ______ half past eight ______ the morning of June 21.

②.I made a special card for my father _____ Father’s Day this year.

(2). since, before, until

before词义―在...时间之前‖，而since词义是―自从....时间以来‖，until是―一直到....时间

句型It is +一段时间＋since /before/until的区别

eg. It has been two years since I graduated from my high school.

It’ll be a year before I graduate from my college.

It had been ten years until/ before he came back.

EX. ( ) It will be about three weeks____he comes back. A.after B.until C.since D.before

(3). in, after

in＋一段时间＝in＋一段时间s time(与将来时连用)。after与将来时态连用时，后面只能跟表示时间点的词语。after与过去时态连用时，后面才能跟表示一段时间的词语。

eg. He will be back in two months.

He will arrive after four o’clock. He returned after a month.

EX. ( ) --How soon shall we start the bicycle trip? --_______.

A. In three day's

B. After three days

C. In three days' time

D. After three day's time

II. 表示地点的介词

(1). at, in, on

at一般指小地方；in一般指大地方或某个范围之内；on往往表示“在某个物体的表面”。

eg. He arrived in Shanghai yesterday. They arrived at a small village before dark.

There is a big hole in the wall. The teacher put up a picture on the wall.

(2). over, above, on

over, on和above都可表示“在……上面”，但具体含义不同。Over表示位置高于某物，在某物的正上方，其反义词是under。above也表示位置高于某物，但不一定在正上方，其反义词是below。On指两个物体表面接触，一个在另一的上面。

eg. There is a bridge over the river.

We flew above the clouds.

They put some flowers on the teacher’s desk.

EX. They climbed_____ the mountain and arrived there ahead of time.

(3). across, through

across和through均可表示“从这一边到另一边”，但用法不同。Across的含义与on有关，表示动作在某一物体的表面进行。Through的含义与in有关，表示动作是在三维空间进行。

EX.There is a bridge the river. Many boats go it every day.

The train ran ________the tunnel (隧道). The boy swam_______ the river.

The moonlight goes ________ the window and makes the room bright.

(4). in front of, in the front of

in front of 表示“在某人或某物的前面”反义词组behind，在某个范围以外；in the front of 表示“在……的前部”，在某个范围以内,反义词组at the back of

eg. There are some tall trees ________ the building.

The teacher is sitting ___________ the classroom.

(5). under，below

under与over相反，表示指―在---（垂直）下方‖。below与above相反，指―在……下面‖，指某物位置低于另一物。注意：below也可指―（温度）低于---‖

eg：Our boat went under the bridge．

There is a small town below the hill.

EX：The temperature will fall_______ zero in the night again.

—Can I join Oxfam Trailwalker? —Only if you are ________ eighteen.

(6).among和between

among(通常用于三个或三个以上)的中间，among后的名词或代词必须是复数，between用于(二者之间)，且―两者‖常用and连接。

eg. There is a village among the hills．/ Tom is the tallest among these students.

Kate sits between Lucy and Lily.

III. 其他介词的辨析

(1).表示方式、手段、工具等介词by，with，in“

①表示用―方法、手段‖使用by。

eg：We go to school by bike every day. / I live by teaching.