2010考研翻译真题详解
2010年考研英语翻译真题解析--修改后-刘晓峰
economic advantage to us.
句子解析： 1. 本句相对难度较大。本句主干为 we have drawn near the point。of admitting that…intrinsic right 做后置定语修饰 point。Regardless of… 引导让步状语。 2. draw near the point：得出接近的观点。of admitting…后置定语太长，不宜翻译到 point 之 前，可以断开独立翻译。 3. intrinsic right：本词较难。Intrinsic 为“内在的、固有的”。即：固有的权利。 4. regardless of：引导让步状语，翻译为“无论、不管”；在历年真题中出现过3次。如：2006 年考研真题阅读第一篇：“… these were stores “anyone could enter, regardless of class or background.”（那些商店对所有人开放，无论顾客是来自什么阶层或背景。） 5. presence or absence 是押尾韵的修辞手法，两个词都是 ence 结尾。本意为“出席”和“缺 席”，在本文中引申为：无论对我们是否具有经济价值。Advantage 最好不要翻译为“优点、 优势”，而应根据上下文内容调整为“经济价值”才更通顺。
本题考点： 定语从句；被动语态；比较结构
参考译文： 在欧洲，林业生态比较发达，公益林木被视为原始森林群落的成员而得以合理保护。
(50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the
2010年考研英语(一)阅读理解全文翻译及解析
Text 1①Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.①It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. ②Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. ③To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.① We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War 2,at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. ②In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. ③Theirs was a serious business. and even those reviews who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. ④These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. ⑤So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in ournalism,Newman wrote, "that I am tempted to define "journalism" as "a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are".①Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. ②Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. ③During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. ④He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored.⑤Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.①Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? ②The prospect seems remote.③Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly uphostered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. ④Moreover,the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.全文翻译：在过去的25 年英语报纸所发生的变化中，影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问的缩小了，而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。
2010年英语一真题翻译
2010年全国硕士研究生入学考试英语(一)试题文章翻译Section I Use of English1924年美国国家调查委员会派出两名工程师监督在芝加哥附近的霍桑工厂的电话配件生产车间进行实验。
实验旨在了解车间照明是否影响工人的生产效率。
研究最终总结为一个极具影响力的概念——“霍桑效应”，也正是实验所研究的行为改变了工人们的表现。
这种观点之所以产生是因为工厂的女工令人困惑的行为。
根据实验的描述，当灯光变亮或者变暗时，工人每小时的产量都有所提高。
至于实验中做了什么并不重要；只要改变了条件，产量就有所提高。
工人知道自己本身是被研究对象——这一意识就足以改变他们的行为。
几十年后，同样的数据也被应用在计量经济学分析中。
霍桑试验在仓储业方面有了另一个令人惊奇的结果。
和记录的描述相反，〖JP+2〗并没有发现系统的证据来证明生产力水平与照明变化有关。
〖JP〗 结果表明，实验中使用的特别方法或许会误导对实验室数据的解释。
举例来说，周日对照明进行改变。
周一再工作时，产量与上周六相比有所提高，这一趋势将会持续几日。
然而，通过对没有做实验前的几周数据对比发现，周一的产量总是提高。
工人们无论在什么状况下在一周的最初几日工作非常勤快，然后就到达平稳水平，最后又懈怠下来。
这表明所谓的“霍桑效应”是很难确定的。
Section II Reading ComprehensionPart AText 1在过去的25年里发生在英语报纸上的所有变化中，或许最具有深远意义的就是艺术评论报道范围缩小和严肃性上的降低。
年龄在40岁以下的普通读者无法想象那样一个能够在大部分的大城市报纸上找到高质量的文艺评论的时代。
然而，发表在20世纪的大量的评论集是由大量报纸评论所组成。
如今去读这种书籍会使人们对这样一种事实感到大为惊讶，那就是这些广博的内容曾经被人们认为很适合刊登在面向大众的日报上。
我们离20世纪初期和二战前夕期间在英国发表的东拉西扯的报纸评论甚至更远，当时，新闻用纸非常便宜，而且时髦的文艺评论被认为是一种对刊登这种内容的出版物的装饰。
2010年考研英语(一)阅读理解全文翻译及解析
Text 1①Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.①It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. ②Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. ③To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.① We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War 2,at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. ②In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. ③Theirs was a serious business. and even those reviews who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. ④These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. ⑤So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in ournalism,Newman wrote, "that I am tempted to define "journalism" as "a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are".①Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. ②Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. ③During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. ④He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored.⑤Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.①Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? ②The prospect seems remote.③Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly uphostered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. ④Moreover,the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.全文翻译：在过去的25 年英语报纸所发生的变化中，影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问的缩小了，而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。
2010英语考研真题解释
2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语真题答案及详解Section I Use of English1.A解析：A项 affect 意思是“影响，感动”; B项 achieve意思是“达成，完成”; C 项extract意思是“提取，榨出”;D项restore是“恢复，重建”. 这句话的意思是：他们想通过实验探究车间照明是如何影响工人的生产率的，所以答案是A。
2.B解析：本题考查了固定短语end up 的用法，end up 意思是“最终成为……”，end 和其它三个介词的搭配都无此意，故选B。
3.C解析：本句的大意为：研究最终总结为一个极具影响力的概念—“霍桑效应”，也正是实验所研究的行为改变了工人们的表现。
所以这里应选择C。
4.B解析：作者这里表达的意思是这个问题之所以引起大家的注意是因为工厂女工的行为令人费解。
四个选项中perplexing意为“令人费解的”，所以正确答案为B。
5.C解析：本句的含义是：根据研究描述，当照明灯变亮或变暗时，工人的时产量就会提高。
四个选项中有描述含义的是C项 accounts。
6.B解析：这句话的意思是：实验中做什么并不重要。
Do not matter 固定表达，故选B。
7.D解析：考查so long as 短语，意思是“只有”，句子意思是：只要有改变，生产率就会上升。
8.A解析：A项awareness 意思是“意识”，B项expectation意为“期望”，C项sentiment 意为“”观点，意见，D项illusion 为“幻觉”，本句的大意是说：工人知到自己本身是被研究对象-这一意识就足以改变他们的行为。
所以选A。
9.C解析：见第8题解析。
10.D解析：见第8题解析。
11.C解析：be subjected to表示“服从于，与……一致’，为固定短语。
12.A解析：contrary to表示“与…相反“。
根据语境提示，空白处需要填写一个能表示转折意味的链接词。
2010年考研英语翻译真题解析与译文
2010年考研英语翻译原文：One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly one economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these ereatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it, we invent excuses to give it economic importance.At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. 46. Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them, the evideuce had to be comic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. we have no land ethic yet. 47. But we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A panallel situation exists in respect of predatory mamals and fish-eating birds. 48. Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak,or that they prey only on “worthless species”.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly .or have too low a sale vale to pay as imeber crops. 49. In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelessly lopsided. 50. It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. Without the uneconomic pats.翻译参考译文：46．Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.词汇理解：jump to the rescue（赶来拯救），shaky（站不脚的），to the effect that(其大意是)；eat up(吃光)，fail to(没有)。
2010年考研英语(一)阅读理解全文翻译及解析
Text 1①Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.①It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. ②Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. ③To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.① We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War 2,at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. ②In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. ③Theirs was a serious business. and even those reviews who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. ④These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. ⑤So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep their own end up in ournalism,Newman wrote, "that I am tempted to define "journalism" as "a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are".①Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. ②Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. ③During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England's foremost classical-music critics, and a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. ④He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored.⑤Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.①Is there any chance that Cardus's criticism will enjoy a revival? ②The prospect seems remote.③Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly uphostered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. ④Moreover,the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.全文翻译：在过去的25 年英语报纸所发生的变化中，影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问的缩小了，而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。
2010年考研试题翻译——完型部分
Section I Use of English完形填空译文：1924年，美国国家研究委员会派出两名工程师到位于芝加哥附近的霍桑电话配件场指导一系列实验。
委员会希望工程师能弄清楚车间照明如何影响工人的生产效率。
然而，这些研究最终以得出“霍桑效应”——这一极具影响力的理论而告终，它说明充当实验对象这一行为改变了实验对象的表现。
此结论是根据工厂女工那些令人费解的行为得出的。
根据实验记录，照明增强时，女工们每小时的产出会增加；照明减弱时，也是如此。
实验做了什么无关紧要；只要有变化发生，工人的生产效率就会提高。
似乎仅仅是意识到自己成为实验对象这件事本身就足以改变工人的行为。
几十年之后，有人对同一组数据进行了计量经济学分析。
结果显示，“霍桑实验”还隐藏了另一个让人意外的结果。
与所记录的描述相反，没有系统证据能够证明生产效率是随照明的变化而改变的。
结果证明，可能是特殊的实验方式导致了对试验对象的误导性解释。
比如，工厂照明变化总是发生在周日。
周一再次开始工作时，产量也恰在此时比上周六要高，然后在接下来的几天还会持续升高。
但是，将没有进行实验的几周的生产数据进行对比后发现，周一的产量总是会增加。
在任何情况下，工人在每星期的最初几天往往都比较卖力，继而趋于平稳，最后逐渐放松。
这表明，所谓的“霍桑效应”仍然难以说清。
Section II Reading ComprehensionText 1在过去的25年里，在英文报纸行业中发生了许多变化，其中，影响最为深远的或许是艺术报道的范围和严肃性已呈难以遏制的衰落之势。
对于40岁以下的普通读者来说，他们几乎无法想象，曾经有一段时间，在大多数大城市的报纸上都能够读到高质量的文艺评论。
事实上，20世纪出版的评论文集的内容很大一部分来自于报纸评论。
今天阅读这类书会让人感到惊叹；这类涉及高深学识的内容竟曾被认为适合刊登在面向普通读者发行的日报上。
距离我们更为遥远的是：20世纪初期到第二次世界大战前夕，英国的报纸评论方式广泛，当时，新闻用纸非常便宜，而且对于它们所刊登的出版物来说，时髦的文艺评论被认为是一种装饰。
2010年考研英语二真题全文翻译答案超详解析
2010 年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题答案与解析Section I Use of English一、文章题材结构分析本文是取材于新闻报道，叙述了猪流感的爆发，产生的严重影响以及政府采取的针对性措施。
首段和第二段简述了猪流感的爆发引起世界各国的重视。
第三段引用专家的观点，认为瘟疫并不严重。
第四段和第五段以墨西哥及美国的情况为例，说明了猪流感的严重性和致命性。
第六段叙述了联邦政府针对猪流感的具体措施。
二、试题解析1.【答案】D【解析】上文提到“…was declared a global epidemic…”，根据declare 的逻辑（“宣布为”），可知应该选D 项designated“命名，制定”，而不是C 项commented“评论”，这是典型的近义词复现题目。
2．【答案】C【解析】本题目可依据“句意”找到意思线索，选出答案，难度在于出处句是个长难句。
本句的理解应该抓住alert、meeting 和a sharp rise 三者的关系，根据after a sharp rise 可知是rise（“病例数的增加”）是meeting（“日内瓦专家会议”）的原因，由此可推导出alert 并非是meeting 的原因，而是结果，即meeting 使得alert 升级。
根据上述分析可以排除B、D 选项，B 项activated“激活，激起”，D 项“促使，引起”，此两项的选择都在讲alert 导致了meeting的召开。
而C 项followed 意思是“紧随，跟在……之后”，体现出after 的逻辑，完全满足本句rise 之后是meeting，meeting 之后是alert 的逻辑，所以是正确项。
而A 项proceeded“继续”，属不及物动词，不可接宾语，用法和逻辑用在此处都不合适。
3．【答案】B【解析】本题目应该关注并列连词and，从并列呼应来看：空格后的表达in Britain…对应前面的in Australia，所以空格处rising _____ 应该对应a sharp rise in cases（“病例数的剧增”），因此空格处是“数量”的逻辑才对。
2010年考研英语真题(含答案解析)
2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题Section I Use of EnglishDirections:完形In 1924 America's National Research Council sent two engineers to supervise a series of industrial experiments at a large telephone-parts factory called the Hawthorne Plant near Chicago. It hoped they would learn how stop-floor lighting1 workers' productivity. Instead, the studies ended 2 giving their name to the "Hawthorne effect", the extremely influential idea that the very 3 to being experimented upon changed subjects' behavior.The idea arose because of the 4 behavior of the women in the Hawthorne plant. According to 5 of the experiments, their hourly output rose when lighting was increased, but also when it was dimmed. It did not 6 what was done in the experiment; 7something was changed, productivity rose. A(n) 8 that they were being experimented upon seemed to be9 to alter workers' behavior 10itself.After several decades, the same data were 11 to econometric the analysis. Hawthorne experiments has another surprise store 12the descriptions on record, no systematic 13was found that levels of productivity were related to changes in lighting.It turns out that peculiar way of conducting the experiments may be have let to 14 interpretation of what happed. 15, lighting was always changed on a Sunday. When work started again on Monday, output 16rose compared with the previous Saturday and 17 to rise for the next couple of days. 18, a comparison with data for weeks when there was no experimentation showed that output always went up on Monday, workers 19 to be diligent for the first few days of the week in any case, before 20 a plateau and then slackening off. This suggests that the alleged "Hawthorne effect" is hard to pin down.1. [A] affected [B] achieved [C] extracted [D] restored2. [A] at [B] up [C] with [D] off3. [A] truth [B] sight [C] act [D] proof4. [A] controversial [B] perplexing [C] mischievous [D] ambiguous5. [A] requirements [B] explanations [C] accounts [D] assessments6. [A] conclude [B] matter [C] indicate [D] work7. [A] as far as [B] for fear that [C] in case that [D] so long as8. [A] awareness [B] expectation [C] sentiment [D] illusion9. [A] suitable [B] excessive [C] enough [D] abundant10. [A] about [B] for [C] on [D] by11. [A] compared [B] shown [C] subjected [D] conveyed12. [A] contrary to [B] consistent with [C] parallel with [D] peculiar to13. [A] evidence [B] guidance [C] implication [D] source14. [A] disputable [B] enlightening [C] reliable [D] misleading15. [A] In contrast [B] For example [C] In consequence [D] As usual16. [A] duly [B] accidentally [C] unpredictably [D] suddenly17. [A] failed [B] ceased [C] started [D] continued20. [A] breaking [B] climbing [C] surpassing [D] hittingSection II Reading ComprehensionText 1Of all the changes that have taken place in English-language newspapers during the past quarter-century, perhaps the most far-reaching has been the inexorable decline in the scope and seriousness of their arts coverage.It is difficult to the point of impossibility for the average reader under the age of forty to imagine a time when high-quality arts criticism could be found in most big-city newspapers. Yet a considerable number of the most significant collections of criticism published in the 20th century consisted in large part of newspaper reviews. To read such books today is to marvel at the fact that their learned contents were once deemed suitable for publication in general-circulation dailies.We are even farther removed from the unfocused newspaper reviews published in England between the turn of the 20th century and the eve of World War II, at a time when newsprint was dirt-cheap and stylish arts criticism was considered an ornament to the publications in which it appeared. In those far-off days, it was taken for granted that the critics of major papers would write in detail and at length about the events they covered. Theirs was a seriousbusiness, and even those reviewers who wore their learning lightly, like George Bernard Shaw and Ernest Newman, could be trusted to know what they were about. These men believed in journalism as a calling, and were proud to be published in the daily press. “So few authors have brains enough or literary gift enough to keep the ir own end up in journalism,” Newman wrote, “that I am tempted to define ‘journalism’ as ‘a term of contempt applied by writers who are not read to writers who are.’”Unfortunately, these critics are virtually forgotten. Neville Cardus, who wrote for the Manchester Guardian from 1917 until shortly before his death in 1975, is now known solely as a writer of essays on the game of cricket. During his lifetime, though, he was also one of England’s foremost classical-music critics, a stylist so widely admired that his Autobiography (1947) became a best-seller. He was knighted in 1967, the first music critic to be so honored. Yet only one of his books is now in print, and his vast body of writings on music is unknown save to specialists.Is there any chance that Cardus’s criticism will enjoy a revival? The prospect seems remote. Journalistic tastes had changed long before his death, and postmodern readers have little use for the richly upholstered Vicwardian prose in which he specialized. Moreover, the amateur tradition in music criticism has been in headlong retreat.21. It is indicated in Paragraphs 1 and 2 that[A] arts criticism has disappeared from big-city newspapers.[B] English-language newspapers used to carry more arts reviews.[C] high-quality newspapers retain a large body of readers.[D] young readers doubt the suitability of criticism on dailies.22. Newspaper reviews in England before World War II were characterized by[A] free themes.[B] casual style.[C] elaborate layout.[D] radical viewpoints.23. Which of the following would Shaw and Newman most probably agree on?[A] It is writers' duty to fulfill journalistic goals.[B] It is contemptible for writers to be journalists.[C] Writers are likely to be tempted into journalism.[D] Not all writers are capable of journalistic writing.24. What can be learned about Cardus according to the last two paragraphs?[A] His music criticism may not appeal to readers today.[B] His reputation as a music critic has long been in dispute.[C] His style caters largely to modern specialists.[D] His writings fail to follow the amateur tradition.25. What would be the best title for the text?[A] Newspapers of the Good Old Days[B] The Lost Horizon in Newspapers[C] Mournful Decline of Journalism[D] Prominent Critics in MemoryText 2Over the past decade, thousands of patents have been granted for what are called business methods. received one for its "one-click" online payment system. Merrill Lynch got legal protection for an asset allocation strategy. One inventor patented a technique for lifting a box.Now the nation's top patent court appears completely ready to scale back on business-method patents, which have been controversial ever since they were first authorized 10 years ago. In a move that has intellectual-property lawyers abuzz the U.S. court of Appeals for the federal circuit said it would use a particular case to conduct a broad review of business-method patents. In re Bilski, as the case is known , is "a very big deal", says Dennis D. Crouch of the University of Missouri School of law. It "has the potential to eliminate an entire class of patents."Curbs on business-method claims would be a dramatic about-face, because it was the federal circuit itself that introduced such patents with is 1998 decision in the so-called state Street Bank case, approving a patent on a way of pooling mutual-fund assets. That ruling produced an explosion in business-method patent filings, initially by emerging internet companies trying to stake out exclusive rights to specific types of online transactions. Later, move established companies raced to add such patents to their files, if only as a defensive move against rivals that might beat them to the punch. In 2005, IBM noted in a court filing that it had been issued more than 300 business-method patents despite the fact that it questioned the legal basis for granting them. Similarly, some Wall Street investment films armed themselves with patents for financial products, even as they took positions in court cases opposing the practice.The Bilski case involves a claimed patent on a method for hedging risk in the energy market.The Federal circuit issued an unusual order stating that the case would be heard by all 12 of the court's judges, rather than a typical panel of three, and that one issue it wants to evaluate is whether it should "reconsider" its state street Bank ruling.The Federal Circuit's action comes in the wake of a series of recent decisions by the supreme Court that has narrowed the scope of protections for patent holders. Last April, for example the justices signaled that too many patents were being upheld for "inventions" that are obvious. The judges on the Federal circuit are "reacting to the anti-patent trend at the Supreme Court", says Harold C. Wegner, a patent attorney and professor at George Washington University Law School.26. Business-method patents have recently aroused concern because of[A] their limited value to business[B] their connection with asset allocation[C] the possible restriction on their granting[D] the controversy over authorization27. Which of the following is true of the Bilski case?[A] Its ruling complies with the court decisions[B] It involves a very big business transaction[C] It has been dismissed by the Federal Circuit[D] It may change the legal practices in the U.S.28. The word "about-face" (Line 1, Para 3) most probably means[A] loss of good will[B] increase of hostility[C] change of attitude[D] enhancement of dignity29. We learn from the last two paragraphs that business-method patents[A] are immune to legal challenges[B] are often unnecessarily issued[C] lower the esteem for patent holders[D] increase the incidence of risks30. Which of the following would be the subject of the text?[A] A looming threat to business-method patents[B] Protection for business-method patent holders[C] A legal case regarding business-method patents[D] A prevailing trend against business-method patentsText 3In his book The Tipping Point, Malcolm Gladwell argues that social epidemics are driven in large part by the acting of a tiny minority of special individuals, often called influentials, who are unusually informed, persuasive, or well-connected. The idea is intuitively compelling, but it doesn't explain how ideas actually spread.The supposed importance of influentials derives from a plausible sounding but largely untested theory called the "two step flow of communication": Information flows from the media to the influentials and from them to everyone else. Marketers have embraced the two-step flow because it suggests that if they can just find and influence the influentials, those selected people will do most of the work for them. The theory also seems to explain the sudden and unexpected popularity of certain looks, brands, or neighborhoods. In many such cases, a cursory search for causes finds that some small group of people was wearing, promoting, or developing whatever it is before anyone else paid attention. Anecdotal evidence of this kind fits nicely with the idea that only certain special people can drive trendsIn their recent work, however, some researchers have come up with the finding that influentials have far less impact on social epidemics than is generally supposed. In fact, they don't seem to be required of all.The researchers' argument stems from a simple observing about social influence, with the exception of a few celebrities like Oprah Winfrey—whose outsize presence is primarily a function of media, not interpersonal, influence—even the most influential members of a population simply don't interact with that many others. Yet it is precisely these non-celebrity influentials who, according to the two-step-flow theory, are supposed to drive social epidemics by influencing their friends and colleagues directly. For a social epidemic to occur, however, each person so affected, must then influence his or her own acquaintances, who must in turn influence theirs, and so on; and just how many others pay attention to each of these people has little to do with the initial influential. If people in the network just two degrees removed from the initial influential prove resistant, for example from the initial influential prove resistant, for example the cascade of change won't propagate very far or affect many people.Building on the basic truth about interpersonal influence, the researchers studied the dynamics of populations manipulating a number of variables relating of populations,manipulating a number of variables relating to people's ability to influence others and their tendency to be influenced. Our work shows that the principal requirement for what we call "global cascades"– the widespread propagation of influence through networks – is the presence not of a few influentials but, rather, of a critical mass of easily influenced people, each of whom adopts, say, a look or a brand after being exposed to a single adopting neighbor. Regardless of how influential an individual is locally, he or she can exert global influence only if this critical mass is available to propagate a chain reaction.31. By citing the book The Tipping Point, the author intends to[A] analyze the consequences of social epidemics[B] discuss influentials' function in spreading ideas[C] exemplify people's intuitive response to social epidemics[D] describe the essential characteristics of influentials.32. The author suggests that the "two-step-flow theory"[A] serves as a solution to marketing problems[B] has helped explain certain prevalent trends[C] has won support from influentials[D] requires solid evidence for its validity33. What the researchers have observed recently shows that[A] the power of influence goes with social interactions[B] interpersonal links can be enhanced through the media[C] influentials have more channels to reach the public[D] most celebrities enjoy wide media attention34. The underlined phrase "these people" in paragraph 4 refers to the ones who[A] stay outside the network of social influence[B] have little contact with the source of influence[C] are influenced and then influence others[D] are influenced by the initial influential35. what is the essential element in the dynamics of social influence?[A] The eagerness to be accepted[B] The impulse to influence others[C] The readiness to be influenced[D] The inclination to rely on othersText 4Bankers have been blaming themselves for their troubles in public. Behind the scenes, they have been taking aim at someone else: the accounting standard-setters. Their rules, moan the banks, have forced them to report enormous losses, and it's just not fair. These rules say they must value some assets at the price a third party would pay, not the price managers and regulators would like them to fetch.Unfortunately, banks' lobbying now seems to be working. The details may be unknowable, but the independence of standard-setters, essential to the proper functioning of capital markets, is being compromised. And, unless banks carry toxic assets at prices that attract buyers, reviving the banking system will be difficult.After a bruising encounter with Congress, America's Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) rushed through rule changes. These gave banks more freedom to use models to value illiquid assets and more flexibility in recognizing losses on long-term assets in their income statement. Bob Herz, the FASB's chairman, cried out against those who "question our motives." Yet bank shares rose and the changes enhance what one lobby group politely calls "the use of judgment by management."European ministers instantly demanded that the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) do likewise. The IASB says it does not want to act without overall planning, but the pressure to fold when it completes it reconstruction of rules later this year is strong. Charlie McCreevy, a European commissioner, warned the IASB that it did "not live in a political vacuum" but "in the real word" and that Europe could yet develop different rules.It was banks that were on the wrong planet, with accounts that vastly overvalued assets. Today they argue that market prices overstate losses, because they largely reflect the temporary illiquidity of markets, not the likely extent of bad debts. The truth will not be known for years. But bank's shares trade below their book value, suggesting that investors are skeptical. And dead markets partly reflect the paralysis of banks which will not sell assets for fear of booking losses, yet are reluctant to buy all those supposed bargains.To get the system working again, losses must be recognized and dealt with. America's new plan to buy up toxic assets will not work unless banks mark assets to levels which buyers find attractive. Successful markets require independent and even combative standard-setters. The FASB and IASB have been exactly that, cleaning up rules on stock options and pensions, for example, against hostility from special interests. But by giving in to critics now they areinviting pressure to make more concessions.36. Bankers complained that they were forced to[A] follow unfavorable asset evaluation rules[B] collect payments from third parties[C] cooperate with the price managers[D] reevaluate some of their assets.37. According to the author , the rule changes of the FASB may result in[A] the diminishing role of management[B] the revival of the banking system[C] the banks' long-term asset losses[D] the weakening of its independence38. According to Paragraph 4, McCreevy objects to the IASB's attempt to[A] keep away from political influences.[B] evade the pressure from their peers.[C] act on their own in rule-setting.[D] take gradual measures in reform.39. The author thinks the banks were "on the wrong planet" in that they[A] misinterpreted market price indicators[B] exaggerated the real value of their assets[C] neglected the likely existence of bad debts.[D] denied booking losses in their sale of assets.40. The author's attitude towards standard-setters is one of[A] satisfaction.[B] skepticism.[C] objectiveness[D] sympathyPart BDirections:选段排序[A] The first and more important is the consumer's growing preference for eating out; the consumption of food and drink in places other than homes has risen from about 32 percent of total consumption in 1995 to 35 percent in 2000 and is expected to approach 38 percent by 2005. This development is boosting wholesale demand from the food service segment by 4 to 5 percenta year across Europe, compared with growth in retail demand of 1 to 2 percent. Meanwhile, as the recession is looming large, people are getting anxious. They tend to keep a tighter hold on their purse and consider eating at home a realistic alternative.[B] Retail sales of food and drink in Europe's largest markets are at a standstill, leaving European grocery retailers hungry for opportunities to grow. Most leading retailers have already tried e-commerce, with limited success, and expansion abroad. But almost all have ignored the big, profitable opportunity in their own backyard: the wholesale food and drink trade, which appears to be just the kind of market retailers need.[C] Will such variations bring about a change in the overall structure of the food and drink market? Definitely not. The functioning of the market is based on flexible trends dominated by potential buyers. In other words, it is up to the buyer, rather than the seller, to decide what to buy .At any rate, this change will ultimately be acclaimed by an ever-growing number of both domestic and international consumers, regardless of how long the current consumer pattern will take hold.[D] All in all, this clearly seems to be a market in which big retailers could profitably apply their scale, existing infrastructure and proven skills in the management of product ranges, logistics, and marketing intelligence. Retailers that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe may well expect to rake in substantial profits thereby. At least, that is how it looks as a whole. Closer inspection reveals important differences among the biggest national markets, especially in their customer segments and wholesale structures, as well as the competitive dynamics of individual food and drink categories. Big retailers must understand these differences before they can identify the segments of European wholesaling in which their particular abilities might unseat smaller but entrenched competitors. New skills and unfamiliar business models are needed too.[E] Despite variations in detail, wholesale markets in the countries that have been closely examined—France, Germany, Italy, and Spain—are made out of the same building blocks. Demand comes mainly from two sources: independent mom-and-pop grocery stores which, unlike large retail chains, are two small to buy straight from producers, and food service operators that cater to consumers when they don't eat at home. Such food service operators range from snack machines to large institutional catering ventures, but most of these businesses are known in the trade as "horeca": hotels, restaurants, and cafes. Overall, Europe's wholesale market for food and drink is growing at the same sluggish pace as the retail market, but the figures,when added together, mask two opposing trends.[F] For example, wholesale food and drink sales come to $268 billion in France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United Kingdom in 2000—more than 40 percent of retail sales. Moreover, average overall margins are higher in wholesale than in retail; wholesale demand from the food service sector is growing quickly as more Europeans eat out more often; and changes in the competitive dynamics of this fragmented industry are at last making it feasible for wholesalers to consolidate.[G] However, none of these requirements should deter large retailers (and even some large good producers and existing wholesalers) from trying their hand, for those that master the intricacies of wholesaling in Europe stand to reap considerable gains.41→42→43→44→E→45Part C翻译One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance.When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it .We invert excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbirds were supposed to be disappearing. (46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. the evidence had to be economic in order to be valid.It is painful to read these round about accounts today. We have no land ethic yet, (47) but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. (48) Time was when biologists somewhat over worded the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on "worthless" species.Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly, or have too low a sale vale to pay as timber crops. (49) In Europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such, within reason.To sum up: a system of conservation based solely on economic self-interest is hopelesslylopsided. (50) It tends to ignore, and thus eventually to eliminate, many elements in the land community that lack commercial value, but that are essential to its healthy functioning. It assumes, falsely, I think, that the economic parts of the biotic clock will function without the uneconomic parts.2010年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语试题答案Part C (10 points)46.科学家们提出一些明显站不住脚的证据迅速来拯救，其大意是：如果鸟类无法控制害虫，那么这些害虫就会吃光我们人类。
2010年考研英语（一）阅读理解全文翻译及解析（2）
T ext 1①Of all the change s that have takenplacein Englis h-langua ge newspa persduring the past quarte r-centur y, perhap s the most far-reachi ng has been the inexor abledeclin e in the scopeand seriou sness of theirarts covera ge.①It is diffic ult to the pointof imposs ibili ty for the averag e reader underthe age of fortyto imagin e a time when high-qualit y arts critic ism couldbe foundin most big-city newspa pers.②Yet a consid erabl e number of the most signif icant collec tions of critic ism publis hed in the 20th centur y consis ted in largepart of newspa per review s. ③ To read such bookstodayis to marvel at the fact that theirlearne d conten ts were once deemed suitab le for public ation in genera l-circul ation dailie s.① We are even farthe r remove d from the unfocu sed newspa per review s publis hed in Englan d betwee n the turn of the 20th centur y and the eve of WorldWar 2,at a time when newspr int was dirt-cheapand stylis h arts critic ism was consid eredan orname nt to the public ation s in whichit appear ed. ②In thosefar-off days, it was takenfor grante d that the critic s of majorpapers wouldwritein detail and at length aboutthe events they covere d. ③Theirs was a seriou s busine ss. and even thosereview s who wore theirlearni ng lightl y, like George Bernar d Shaw and Ernest Newman, couldbe truste d to know what they were about.④Thesemen believ ed in journa lismas a callin g, and were proudto be publis hed in the dailypress.⑤So few author s have brains enough or litera ry gift enough to keep theirown end up in ournal ism,Newman wrote, "that I am tempte d to define "journa lism" as "a term of contem pt applie d by writer s who are not read to writer s who are".①Unfort unate ly, thesecritic s are virtua lly forgot ten. ②Nevill e Cardus, who wrotefor the Manche sterGuardi an from 1917 untilshortl y before his deathin 1975, is now knownsolely as a writer of essays on the game of cricke t. ③During his lifeti me, though, he was also one of Englan d's foremo st classi cal-musiccritic s, and a stylis t so widely admire d that his Autobi ograp hy (1947) became a best-seller. ④He was knight ed in 1967, the firstmusiccritic to be so honore d.⑤Yet only one of his booksis now in print, and his vast body of writin gs on musicis unknow n save to specia lists.①Is thereany chance that Cardus's critic ism will enjoya reviva l? ②The prospe ct seemsremote.③Journa listi c tastes had change d long before his death, and postmo dernreader s have little use for the richly uphost eredVicwar dianprosein whichhe specia lized. ④Moreov er,the amateu r tradit ion in musiccritic ism has been in headlo ng retrea t.全文翻译：在过去的25 年英语报纸所发生的变化中，影响最深远的可能就是它们对艺术方面的报道在范围上毫无疑问的缩小了，而且这些报道的严肃程度也绝对降低了。
考研英语2010年考研英语翻译试题译文及解析1
2010年考研英语翻译试题译文及解析(2010-03-09 16:54:04)转载分类：考研资料分享标签：考研试题解析翻译教育英文译文：完全以经济动机为基础的守恒系统中，存在一个基本的弱点，即陆生群落的大多数成员都没有经济价值。
然而这些生物是生物群落的成员，如果群落的稳定性取决于其完整性，他们就有权持续生存。
当其中一个非经济类别受到威胁时，如果我们碰巧喜爱这个类别，就会创造借口使其具有经济意义。
本世纪初，鸣禽原本正在消失。
（46）科学家们匆匆赶来救援，但证据是明显站不住脚的。
大意就是，如果鸟不能控制这些虫子，虫子就会吃光一切。
这个证据必须是经济的，才是有效的。
如今阅读这些拐弯抹角的论述令人痛心。
我们还没有土地伦理，（47）但是，我们至少比较一致地认可这样一种观点，即：无论鸟类对我们是否具有经济价值，他们都应该继续享有其固有的生物权利。
类似的情况存在于食肉的哺乳动物和捕食鱼的鸟类中。
（48）生物学家们曾一度滥用这个证据：这些生物通过残杀弱者来维持生物链条的健康发展，或者只是捕食“无价值的物种”。
因此在这里，证据必须是经济的，才是有效的。
天敌是社会的成员，任何具有特殊要求的集团都无权为了自身真实的或想象的利益消灭它们。
有些种类的树木被一些只具备经济头脑的林业员认为是“非我族类”，因为它们发育过慢，或作为木材销售价值过低。
（49）欧洲的林业生态发展比较先进。
那些没有商业价值的树种被视为原始森林群落的成员而被合理保护。
此外，人们发现一些树种在保持土壤的肥沃方面具有重要作用。
森林和构成森林的不同的树种，地面植物以及动物之间的相互依赖是理所当然的。
由于有些树种成长缓慢甚或是作为木材的价值也太低，所以一些受经济利益驱使的人就将这些树种完全抛弃。
总而言之：一种守恒系统完全基于自身经济利益是倾斜无望的。
（50）这样的体系容易忽视、并最终灭绝了生物群落中的许多元素。
然而这些元素虽然缺少商业价值，但对整个群落的健康运动却至关重要。
2010年考研英语真题答案及解析
10.[A] about (oneself) 关于自己
[B] for (oneself) 为自己
[C] on (oneself)
[D] by (oneself) 独立地，无人帮助地，独自地
【答案】 D
【考点】上下文语义衔接+固定搭配
【解析】本题考查的是“介词+oneself”的用法。反身代词与不同的介词连用，可表达不同的意思。本题的关键是在
二、试题解析
1.[A] affected 影响 [B] achieved 取得；获得
[C] extracted 提取；榨出
[D] restored 恢复；修复
【答案】 A
【考点】上下文语义衔接+动词辨析
【解析】空格处所填的词说明工厂的照明与工人劳动生产率之间的关系，显然这里需要的意思是“影响”。achieve
表示“达到，完成”，extract 表示“提取；榨出”，restore 表示“恢复，使修复”，都与句意不符，只有 A 选
项符合句意。此句要表达的意思是“工厂的照明如何影响工人的劳动生产率。”而其它三项虽然都能与空格前
后的主语和宾语连用。但是放在这里，句意不通顺，所以排除。故本题答案为 A。
2.[A] at 倾向于
1
因此这个现象是“令人费解的”，只有 perplexing 有此意，而其它三个选项虽然也都可用于修饰空后的 behavior。 然而联系上下文，上下文并没有涉及到妇女们的行为是“有争议的”、“恶作剧的”或“引起歧义的”，故本
题的正确答案是 B。
5.[A] requirements 要求 [B] explanations 解释；说明 [C] accounts 报告；描述 [D] assessments 评定；估价
2010考研英语二 翻译题、参考答案和来源分析
2010考研英语二翻译题、参考答案和来源分析"Sustainability" has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning,the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through every day action and choice.当今，―可持续性‖已经成为了一个流行的词语。
但是，对特德宁来说，他对这个词有着自身的体会。
在忍受了一段痛苦的、难以为续的生活之后，他清楚地认识到，以可持续发展为导向的生活价值必须通过日常的活动和做出的选择表现出来。
Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He'd been through the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.宁回忆了在上个世纪90年代末期的某一年，他卖保险，那是一种浑浑噩噩的生活。
在经历了网络经济的兴盛和衰败之后，他非常渴望得到一份工作，于是和一家博德的代理公司签了合约。
It didn't go well. "It was a really bad move because that's not my passion," says Ning, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. "I was miserable. I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said,‖ Just wait, you'll turn the corner, give it some time.''事情进展不顺，―那的确是很糟糕的一种选择，因为那并非是我的激情所在，‖宁如是说。
2010年北京外国语大学翻译硕士MTI考研真题答案解析
南北战争
经济泡沫
才思教育考研考博全心全意
并为后来许多中国的历史学家所继承，普遍认为这四种发明对中国古 代的政治、经济、文化的发展产生了巨大的推动作用，且这些发明经 由各种途径传至西方，对世界文明发展也产生了很大影响。 指古代文明的发源地中国、古印度、古埃及和古巴比伦。 万里长城、京杭大运河、新疆坎儿井。 世界地球日（World Earth Day）即每年的 4 月 22 日，是一项世界性的 环境保护活动。该活动最初在 1970 年的美国由盖洛德·尼尔森和丹尼 斯·海斯发起，随后影响越来越大。2009 年第 63 届联合国大会决议 将每年的 4 月 22 日定为“世界地球日”，活动旨在唤起人类爱护地球、 保护家园的意识，促进资源开发与环境保护的协调发展，进而改善地 球的整体环境。中国从 20 世纪 90 年代起，每年都会在 4 月 22 日举办 世界地球日活动。 译为世界村（global village），对地球的一种比喻说法。现代科技的迅 速发展，缩小了地球上的时空距离，国际交往日益频繁便利，因而整 个地球就如同是茫茫宇宙中的小村落。 基督教、伊斯兰教与佛教并称为世界三大宗教。基督教形成于亚洲的 西部，目前主要集中分布在欧洲、美洲和大洋洲。伊斯兰教主要在亚 洲、非洲传播，以西亚、北非、中亚、南亚为主。佛教主要分布在亚 洲的东部和东南部。 日本新感觉派作家，著名小说家。1899 年 6 月 14 日生于大阪，代表 作有《伊豆的舞女》、《雪国》、《千只鹤》等。1968 年获诺贝尔文 学奖。1972 年 4 月 16 日在工作室自杀身亡。他已有多部作品在中国 翻译出版。 欧洲联盟（英文：European Union），简称欧盟（EU），总部设在比 利时首都布鲁塞尔，是由欧洲共同体（European Community）发展而 来的。1993 年 11 月 1 日，随着《马斯特里赫特条约》正式生效，欧 盟正式诞生。 诺曼底登陆是第二次世界大战中盟军在欧洲西线战场发起的一场大规 模攻势，战役发生在 1944 年 6 月 6 日早 6 时 30 分。这次作战行动的 代号 Operation Overlord。这场战役在 8 月 19 日渡过塞纳—马恩省河 后结束。诺曼底战役是目前为止世界上最大的一次海上登陆作战，牵 涉接近三百万士兵渡过英吉利海峡前往法国诺曼底。 南北战争，又称美国内战（American Civil War），是美国历史上一场 大规模的内战，参战双方为美利坚合众国（简称“联邦”）和美利坚 联盟国（简称“邦联”）。这场战争的起因为美国南部十一州以亚伯 拉罕·林肯于 1861 年就任总统为由而陆续退出联邦，另成立以杰斐 逊·戴维斯为“总统”的政府，并驱逐驻扎南方的联邦军，而林肯下 令攻打“叛乱”州。此战不但改变当日美国的政经情势，导致奴隶制 度在美国南方被最终废除，也对日后美国的民间社会产生巨大的影响。 所谓经济泡沫，指的是由于局部的投机需求（虚假需求）使资产的市 场价格脱离资产内在价值的部分。它实质是与经济基础条件相背离的 资产价格膨胀。
2010年考研英语真题英译汉分析及答案
2010年考研英语真题英译汉分析及答案英语辅导专家贾洪伟老师，针对2010年考研英语英译汉部分进行分析，2010考研英语英译汉文章属环保范畴，摘自利奥波德(Aldo Leopold)于1966年在牛津大学出版出版的《沙乡年鉴》(A Sand Country Almanac)中的“土地伦理”(The Land Ethics)部分，具体在原书210页。
本题干中，出题者也是动过“小手术”的，比如：第一段的原文是：“One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Wildflowers and songbirds are examples. Of the 22,000 higher plants and animals native to Wisconsin, it is doubtful whether more than 5 per cent can be sold, fed, eaten, or otherwise put to economic use. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community, and if (as I believe) its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance。
”，经过加工就变成了“One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community, and if (as I believe) its stability depends on its integrity, they are entitled to continuance。
2010、2011、2012考研英语二翻译真题解析
2010考研英语二翻译真题、参考答案和来源分析"Sustainability" has become a popular word these days, but to Ted Ning,the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period ofunsustainability in his own life made it clear to him that sustainability-orientedvalues must be expressed through every day action and choice.当今，“可持续性”已经成为了一个流行的词语.但是，对特德宁来说，它对这个词有着自身的体会.在忍受了一段痛苦的、难以为继的生活之后，他清楚地认识到，以可持续发展为导向的生活价值必须通过日常的活动和做出的选择表现出来.Ning recalls spending a confusing year in the late 1990s selling insurance. He'dbeen through the dot-com boom and burst and, desperate for a job, signed on witha Boulder agency.宁回忆了在上个世纪90年代末期的某一年，他卖保险，那是一种浑浑噩噩的生活.在经历了网络经济的兴盛和衰败之后，他非常渴望得到一份工作，于是和一家博德的代理公司签了合约.It didn't go well. "It was a really bad move because that's not my passion," saysNing, whose dilemma about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales."I was miserable. I had so much anxiety that I would wake up in the middle of thenight and stare at the ceiling. I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said,” Just wait, you'll turn the corner, give it some time.''事情进展不顺，“那的确是很糟糕的一种选择，因为那并非是我的激情所在，”宁如是说.可以想象，他这种工作上的窘境是由于销售业绩不良造成的.“我觉得很悲哀.我太担心了，以至于我会在半夜醒来，盯着天花板.没有钱，我需要这份工作.每个人都会说，等吧，总会有转机的，给点时间吧.”原文：原文是来自一份杂志，叫“experience life”，出题人做了部分改动，原文和改动的文章如下：Sustainability has become s omething of a buzzword(出题人把这个单词改为popular word) these days, but to Ted Ning, the concept will always have personal meaning. Having endured a painful period of unsustainability in his own life made it clear to himthat sustainability-oriented values must be expressed through everyday action andchoice.Ning, director of LOHAS (Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability), the Boulder,Colo.–based information clearinghouse on sustainable living, recalls spending atumultuous（出题人把这个词改为了confusing）year in the late ’90s selling insurance. He’d been throug h the dot-com boom and bust（出题人似乎把这个词改为burst了） and, desperate for a job, signed on with a Boulder agency.It didn’t go well. “It was a really bad move because that’s not my passion,” says Ning, whose ambivalence about the job translated, predictably, into a lack of sales. “I was miserable. I had so much anxiety that I would pull alongside of thehighway and vomit, or wake up in the middle of the night and stare at the ceiling.I had no money and needed the job. Everyone said, ‘Just wait, you’ll turn the cor ner, give it some time.’”Ning stuck it out for a year because he simply didn’t know what else to do, butfelt his happiness and health suffer as a result. He eventually quit and stumbledupon LOHAS in a help-wanted ad for a data analyst. “I didn’t know what LOHAS was,” he says, “but it sounded kinda neat.” It turned out to be a better fit than hecould have ever imagined.At the time, the LOHAS organization did little more than host a small annualconference in Boulder. It was a forum where progressive-minded companies couldgather to compare notes on how to reach a values-driven segment of consumers —the LOHAS market — who seemed attracted to products and services that mirrored theirinterest in health, environmental stewardship, social justice, personal development and sustainable living.In contrast with his disastrous foray into the insurance business, Ning’s new job felt like coming home. Growing up in the foothills of the Rockies outside of Denver, he’d developed a love of the outdoors and a respect f or the earth, while his parents provided a model of social activism —the family traveled widely, and at one point his parents created and operated a nonprofit that offered microcredit loans to small businesses in Vietnam and Guatemala. He has three adopted sisters from Vietnam and Korea. He studied international relations and Chinese at Colorado University andslipped easily into the Boulder lifestyle — commuting by bike, eating organics,buying local and the rest —though he stopped short of the patchouli-and-dreadlocks phase embraced by many of his peers. (He opted instead for the university’s skiteam and, after graduating, wound up coaching the Japanese development team during the Nagano Olympics in 1998.)From his ground-level job, Ning moved quickly up the ranks in the organization,becoming its executive director in 2006. “When I got the job, LOHAS was a sleepy conference in Boulder,” says Ning. Today, the forum is booming, the organizationis expanding and the market is evolving. Ning has more than grown into the positionhe stumbled on in the want ads. “I don’t consider this a job. It is really moreof a calling.”Ning, 41, coordinates the conference and oversees the organization’s annual journal and Web s ite (), while compiling research on trends and opportunitiesfor businesses. He also travels the country promoting —and explaining —the LOHAS concept and the burgeoning market it represents.First identified by sociologist Paul Ray in the mid-1990s as “cultural creatives,” the U.S. market segment that embraces LOHAS today has grown to about 41 millionconsumers, or roughly 19 percent of American adults. But those LOHAS c onsumers are powerfully influencing the attitudes and behaviors of others (witness the rise ofinterest in yoga, all-natural products, simplicity and hybrid vehicles). Which iswhy LOHAS-related products now generate an estimated $209 billion annually.“Over the last two years a green tidal wave has come over us,” says Nin g. Riding that wave, says Ning, is not about jumping on a trend bandwagon. It’s connectingwith — and acting on — a set of shared, instrinsic values. “People know what is authentic. You can’t preach this lifestyle and not live it,” he says. He and his wife, Jenifer, live in a solar-powered home, raise organic vegetables in theirbackyard and drive a car that gets 48 miles to the gallon. He even buys carbon offsetsto negate the global warming impact of his cell phone.Ning emphasizes that there are many dif ferent ways of “living LOHAS.” Ultimately,it’s really about finding a way of life that makes sense and feels good —now and for the long haul. “People are looking internally,” he says, “asking themselves,‘What really makes me happy?’ Is it the fact that I can go out and buy that giant flat-screen TV, or is it that I can have a quiet evening with my family just hanging out and playing a game of Scrabble?”For Ning, it’s a no-brainer. He’ll take Scrabble every time.Laine Bergeson is an Experience Life senior editor.2011考研英语二翻译真题、参考答案和来源分析Who would have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the samevolumes of greenhouse gases as the world’s airlines do-rough 2 percent of all CO2 emissions?量的2%，这有谁曾想到过？Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 d epending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.许多日常工作对环境造成的损失大得惊人.每一次谷歌搜索能释放0.2到0.7克的二氧化碳，这取决于为了获得“正确”答案你试过多少次.为了迅速向用户提供搜索结果，谷歌不得不在世界各地建立大型数据中心，安装一台台强大的计算机.这些计算机不仅产生大量的二氧化碳，还释放大量热能，因此这些数据中心需要良好的空调设备，这甚至会耗费更多的能源.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closelyand make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, butthere is much to be done, and not just by big companies.然而，谷歌和其他大型技术供应商严密地监控其效果，并做出改进.监控是减排的第一步，仍有太多问题需要解决，并且不只是由大公司来解决.原文：Who w ould have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do - roughly 2 per cent of allCO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the "right" answer. At the upper end of the scale, two searches create roughly the same emissions as boiling a kettle.To deliver results to its users quickly, Google has to maintain vast data centres around the world, packed with powerful computers. As well as producing largequantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres needto be well air-conditioned - which uses even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers such as BT, IBM, Microsoft andAmazon monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. (Google claims tobe more efficient than most.) Recently, industry and government agencies from the量的2%，这有谁曾想到过？Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 d epending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.许多日常工作对环境造成的损失大得惊人.每一次谷歌搜索能释放0.2到0.7克的二氧化碳，这取决于为了获得“正确”答案你试过多少次.为了迅速向用户提供搜索结果，谷歌不得不在世界各地建立大型数据中心，安装一台台强大的计算机.这些计算机不仅产生大量的二氧化碳，还释放大量热能，因此这些数据中心需要良好的空调设备，这甚至会耗费更多的能源.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closelyand make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, butthere is much to be done, and not just by big companies.然而，谷歌和其他大型技术供应商严密地监控其效果，并做出改进.监控是减排的第一步，仍有太多问题需要解决，并且不只是由大公司来解决.原文：Who w ould have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do - roughly 2 per cent of allCO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the "right" answer. At the upper end of the scale, two searches create roughly the same emissions as boiling a kettle.To deliver results to its users quickly, Google has to maintain vast data centres around the world, packed with powerful computers. As well as producing largequantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres needto be well air-conditioned - which uses even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers such as BT, IBM, Microsoft andAmazon monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. (Google claims tobe more efficient than most.) Recently, industry and government agencies from the量的2%，这有谁曾想到过？Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 d epending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.许多日常工作对环境造成的损失大得惊人.每一次谷歌搜索能释放0.2到0.7克的二氧化碳，这取决于为了获得“正确”答案你试过多少次.为了迅速向用户提供搜索结果，谷歌不得不在世界各地建立大型数据中心，安装一台台强大的计算机.这些计算机不仅产生大量的二氧化碳，还释放大量热能，因此这些数据中心需要良好的空调设备，这甚至会耗费更多的能源.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closelyand make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, butthere is much to be done, and not just by big companies.然而，谷歌和其他大型技术供应商严密地监控其效果，并做出改进.监控是减排的第一步，仍有太多问题需要解决，并且不只是由大公司来解决.原文：Who w ould have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do - roughly 2 per cent of allCO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the "right" answer. At the upper end of the scale, two searches create roughly the same emissions as boiling a kettle.To deliver results to its users quickly, Google has to maintain vast data centres around the world, packed with powerful computers. As well as producing largequantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres needto be well air-conditioned - which uses even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers such as BT, IBM, Microsoft andAmazon monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. (Google claims tobe more efficient than most.) Recently, industry and government agencies from the量的2%，这有谁曾想到过？Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2 d epending on how many attempts are needed to get the “right” answer. To deliver results to its users quickly, then, Google has to maintain vast data centres round the world, packed with powerful computers. While producing large quantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres need to be well air-conditioned, which uses even more energy.许多日常工作对环境造成的损失大得惊人.每一次谷歌搜索能释放0.2到0.7克的二氧化碳，这取决于为了获得“正确”答案你试过多少次.为了迅速向用户提供搜索结果，谷歌不得不在世界各地建立大型数据中心，安装一台台强大的计算机.这些计算机不仅产生大量的二氧化碳，还释放大量热能，因此这些数据中心需要良好的空调设备，这甚至会耗费更多的能源.However, Google and other big tech providers monitor their efficiency closelyand make improvements. Monitoring is the first step on the road to reduction, butthere is much to be done, and not just by big companies.然而，谷歌和其他大型技术供应商严密地监控其效果，并做出改进.监控是减排的第一步，仍有太多问题需要解决，并且不只是由大公司来解决.原文：Who w ould have thought that, globally, the IT industry produces about the same volume of greenhouse gases as the world's airlines do - roughly 2 per cent of allCO2 emissions?Many everyday tasks take a surprising toll on the environment. A Google search can leak between 0.2 and 7.0 grams of CO2, depending on how many attempts are needed to get the "right" answer. At the upper end of the scale, two searches create roughly the same emissions as boiling a kettle.To deliver results to its users quickly, Google has to maintain vast data centres around the world, packed with powerful computers. As well as producing largequantities of CO2, these computers emit a great deal of heat, so the centres needto be well air-conditioned - which uses even more energy.However, Google and other big tech providers such as BT, IBM, Microsoft andAmazon monitor their efficiency closely and make improvements. (Google claims tobe more efficient than most.) Recently, industry and government agencies from the。
2010年考研试题翻译——完型部分
Section I Use of English完形填空译文：1924年，美国国家研究委员会派出两名工程师到位于芝加哥附近的霍桑电话配件场指导一系列实验。
委员会希望工程师能弄清楚车间照明如何影响工人的生产效率。
然而，这些研究最终以得出“霍桑效应”——这一极具影响力的理论而告终，它说明充当实验对象这一行为改变了实验对象的表现。
此结论是根据工厂女工那些令人费解的行为得出的。
根据实验记录，照明增强时，女工们每小时的产出会增加；照明减弱时，也是如此。
实验做了什么无关紧要；只要有变化发生，工人的生产效率就会提高。
似乎仅仅是意识到自己成为实验对象这件事本身就足以改变工人的行为。
几十年之后，有人对同一组数据进行了计量经济学分析。
结果显示，“霍桑实验”还隐藏了另一个让人意外的结果。
与所记录的描述相反，没有系统证据能够证明生产效率是随照明的变化而改变的。
结果证明，可能是特殊的实验方式导致了对试验对象的误导性解释。
比如，工厂照明变化总是发生在周日。
周一再次开始工作时，产量也恰在此时比上周六要高，然后在接下来的几天还会持续升高。
但是，将没有进行实验的几周的生产数据进行对比后发现，周一的产量总是会增加。
在任何情况下，工人在每星期的最初几天往往都比较卖力，继而趋于平稳，最后逐渐放松。
这表明，所谓的“霍桑效应”仍然难以说清。
Section II Reading ComprehensionText 1在过去的25年里，在英文报纸行业中发生了许多变化，其中，影响最为深远的或许是艺术报道的范围和严肃性已呈难以遏制的衰落之势。
对于40岁以下的普通读者来说，他们几乎无法想象，曾经有一段时间，在大多数大城市的报纸上都能够读到高质量的文艺评论。
事实上，20世纪出版的评论文集的内容很大一部分来自于报纸评论。
今天阅读这类书会让人感到惊叹；这类涉及高深学识的内容竟曾被认为适合刊登在面向普通读者发行的日报上。
距离我们更为遥远的是：20世纪初期到第二次世界大战前夕，英国的报纸评论方式广泛，当时，新闻用纸非常便宜，而且对于它们所刊登的出版物来说，时髦的文艺评论被认为是一种装饰。
2010年考研英语翻译真题详解
(46) Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distinctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.
句子解析 1． 句子主干为“scientists jumped to the rescue”，句中
important social science (极其重要的社会科学)。 Shaky是shake的形容词形式，表示“不稳定的，动 摇的”，在2000年的考研英语词汇题中出现过：an exceedingly shaky foundation (非常不稳定的基础)。 4． to the effect that ...：本词组较难，在历年真题中并 未涉及，英文释义为“with the meaning of”，可 译为“意思是……，大意是说……”。 5． eat up：本词组很常见，表示“吃光，吃尽”。由 up构成的词组曾在考研英语中出现过很多次，如 take up、back up、put up with、go up、clean up、 give up、stand up、come up、keep up、bring up、 hold up、warm up等。一些常考的固定搭配需要考 生在复习阶段进行归纳总结。
2010年考研英语翻译真题详解
Test B0年考研英语翻译题目的文章节选自《沙郡岁月——李奥帕德的自然沉思》(A Sand County Almanac: With Other Essays on Conservation from Round River)。该书是美国现代“环保之父”阿尔多·李奥帕德的经典代表作，堪称 西方环保主义的“圣经”。在书中，作者对自然进行了细致入微的观察和深刻的思考，并表达了对动植物生命无比热 爱的“生命伦理”观念。本书与《瓦尔登湖》(Walden )一起奠定了美国自然人文精神的基础，并被誉为自然人文写作 的典范。考题中节选的内容即与“生命伦理”观念相关。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
3.that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right是本句最难翻译的部分，关键有一个intrinsic这个单词，可能好多同学不认识，它是“本身的，固有的，内在的”等意思。这个单词是出题人改写出来的。大家可以看到，我昨天提供的李奥帕多写的《沙郡岁月》原书中不是用的这个词，这个句子在这里有很大的改写。稍微回朔一下原文就知道，在第一段就出现了“Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and…”，所以这里的鸟类的固有权利是指其“固有的作为一种生物物种的权利”。这样的话，这个部分就可以翻译为：鸟类应该继续享有其作为一种生物物种固有的权利。
参考译文：
科学家们迅速赶来挽救这种局面，他们使用的证据明显站不住脚，大意是说：如果鸟不能控制这些虫子，虫子就会吃光一切。
47)but we have at least drawn nearer the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.
A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds. 48)Time was when biologists somewhat overworked the evidence that these creatures preserve the health of game by killing the physically weak, or that they prey only on “worthless species.
所以这个部分合起来可以翻译为：科学家们使用一些明显站不住脚的证据，急急忙忙赶来救援。或者也可以直接翻译为：科学家们迅速赶来挽救这种局面，他们使用的证据明显站不住脚。
3.to the effect that... 这个短语是整个句子最难翻译的部分。Effect这个词倒不难，考研翻译考过了很多次，还考过这个单词的不同形式的词性，比如effective。但遗憾的是，大多数同学几乎没有掌握这个短语的意思是“with the meaning”，翻译成汉语就是：“大意是，意思是说...”这样的意思。
It is pamful to read these round about accounts today.We have no land ethic yet, 47)but we have at least drawn near the point of admitting that birds should continue as a matter of intrinsic right, regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us.
分析：
1.整个句子的主干结构是scientists jumped to the rescue，这里有一个很生动的动词jumped，直接翻译的意思是“跳着”，引申为“赶紧，急忙，迅速采取行动”。Rescue是“救援，援助”的意思，所以，即使同学们不知道“to the rescue”本身是一个习惯用法也知道怎么翻译：科学家们急忙来挽救这种局面；或者翻译为，科学家们迅速赶来救援。
46)Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distimctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them.
Some species of tree have been read out of the party by economics-minded foresters because they grow too slowly or have too low a sale value to pay as timber crops. 49)In europe, where forestry is ecologically more advanced, the non-commercial tree species are recognized as members of native forest community, to be preserved as such ,within reason.
2.With some distinctly shaky evidence是介词短语作状语，其中有一个比较核心的宾语词evidence（证据），这个单词在考研翻译20来中考过两次，分别出现在95年73题和99年的73题。所以介词with应该翻译为“用，使用”，因为下文宾语是“证据”，所以是“使用证据”，最好不要翻译为“带着证据”。而evidence前面的修饰语distinctly这个词，是“清楚地，确实地，明显地”，这个单词在考研翻译2003年63题考过，在本句话中，它修饰形容词shaky。Shaky是动词shake（摇动）的形容词，意思是“不稳固的，摇晃的”，在本句话中它修饰“证据”，说明“证据站不住脚”。
4.insects would eat us up of birds failed to control them是to the effect that...所带的从句，本身也是一个复杂句，但是很好翻译，结构简单，意义清晰。但是必须要指出两点。其一，eat us up，可以直译为“把我们吃光”，因为汉语语言本身不具有逻辑，比如汉语我们可以说“他今天把我吃垮了——言下之意是：我请客，他今天吃得够猛，价格还很贵”；所以这个译文应该是正确的。但是“虫子是不能吃人的”，所以我以为最好翻译为：吃光一切东西。其二，fail这个词，千万不要翻译为“失败”，可以翻译为“不能做...”。当然，代词them术语第三人称代词，最好指代明确，它指的是前面的这些“虫子”。
One basic weakness in a conservation system based wholly on economic motives is that most members of the land community have no economic value. Yet these creatures are members of the biotic community and, if its stability depends on its inteyrity, they are entitled to continuance.
2010考研英语一翻译真题和详细分析
花了三个小时，把真题，真题来源那本书的那一章仔细读了；一个字一个敲出了下面这些分析（太长了，我一贯的写作风格：啰嗦！）。大家看看就好了。
考完了，奋斗过了，经历过了。该歇会，收拾心情，准备下一次奋斗。
唐静 上
When one of these noneconomic categories is threatened and, if we happen to love it we invent excuses to give it economic importance. At the beginning of century songbiras were supposed to be disappearing. 46)Scientists jumped to the rescue with some distimctly shaky evidence to the effect that insects would eat us up if birds failed to control them. The evideuce had to be economic in order to be valid.
Hale Waihona Puke 1.Time was when...，就这三个词，可能就有点让考生担心。其实关系部大：可以直接翻译为：当时，有一段时间是...。如果稍微看看上下文会更清楚time was when的内涵。上文说：A parallel situation exists in respect of predatory mammals and fish-eating birds.“有一种相似的情况存在......”。所以，这里的time was when...是想指出“在那段时间，相似的情形是...”。当然，我们一般认为time was when是一种非正式用语，它等于there was time when...，比如：Time was when my wife loved me passionately. Now she doesn't even cook for me.（曾几何时，我媳妇儿也曾深深地爱着我，现在，他连饭都不给我做。）所以，time was when翻译为：曾几何时，曾经有那么一段时间，等等，都是很不错的。
4.regardless of the presence or absence of economic advantage to us，是一个regardless of…所带的短语做状语。Economic advantage to us是指“对我们来说，（鸟类）具有的经济价值”。单词advantage，在考研翻译90年和08年都考过，有“优势”的意思。这里直译成“经济优势”，我认为也是可以接受的。而Presence or absence则比较简单，字面意思是“出现或者缺失”，下文说的是“这种经济价值的（出现或者缺失）”，所以最好引申为“是否具有经济价值”。
分析：
1.划线部分是整个句子的后半个并列句，前面还有一个小句子，意思是说：我们还不具有一种土地伦理意识。But并列了后半个句子。We have at least drawn nearer the point是主干部分，比较好翻译：我们更起码接近了一点，得出了一种观点。