倒装句语法讲解

倒装句
倒装是需要表示一定句子结构和强调某一句子成分时所采取的一种句子手段。

注意我们经常总结的英语中的倒装主要是主谓结构的倒装，将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来为完全倒装，只将助动词或情态动词等移至主语之前，则称为部分倒装。

一、完全倒装
1.表示地点，时间的副词放在句首时，句子需要完全倒装,此类副词常见的有：here, there, now, then, up, down, out等
Eg. Here comes the bus.
There stands an old tree.
Now comes your turn.
*注意如果主语是代词，则无需倒装，如第一个例句的主语不是bus而是it，则必须说：Here it comes.
2.表示时间，地点，方向等的介词短语放句首时，完全倒装：
Eg. In front of the village runs a river.
On the top of the building flies a flag.
3.分词短语置于句首时全部倒装：
Eg. Lying on the floor was a boy aged about 12.
Seated in the front were the guests.
4.主系表结构中，表语前置，完全倒装：
Eg. Present at the meeting were experts on biology.
The lecture he prepared was long and boring. 可全倒装为：Long and boring was the lecture he prepared.
5.There be句型为全部倒装。

二．部分倒装（半倒装）
1.疑问句中的部分倒装：
·一般疑问句中，我们都可以很明显的看到助动词或者be动词被提前到了主语前面：Have you finished your work?
Do you like reading?-
Are you crazy?
·特殊疑问句中助动词也提至主语前，但要放在疑问词之后：
Where did you live in the past?
2.Only+状语/状语从句位于句首时，主句中的主语和谓语要部分倒装：
Only+状语: Only in this way can you solve this problem.
Only+状语从句: Only after you experience the same things will you understand your sister.
3.表示否定意义的副词和连词放在句首时需要部分倒装结构。

常见的此类副词连词有：not，little, never, hardly, rarely, scarcely, no sooner...than, hardly...when, not only...but also, not until, by no means, in no case, seldom等。

Eg. 1). Never shall I do the same thing again.
2). Not until结构中只倒装主句，until从句不到装，但是随until一起提前：Not until the teacher entered the classroom did we stopped talking.
而原句应为：We did not stop talking until the teacher enter the classroom.
3). Not only...but also结构中，将not only置于句首时，只倒装not only引导的句子，but also不倒装：Not only can he speak Chinese, but he is also good at writing Chinese poems.
4). No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就开始下雨。

4.So...that...(如此...以至于...)句型中，so...部分位于句首时部分倒装，但that部分不受影响：So carelessly did he drive that he almost killed himself.
So fast do you speak that I can hardly follow you.
5.虚拟条件句中省略“if”，则从句部分需要半倒装。

如：
·If I were you, I would work harder.----> Were I you, I would word harder.
·If you had come to my birthday party last night, you would have met my brother John.---> Had you come to my birthday party last night, you would have met my brother John.
6.表示后者情况与前者情况一致的“so do I”及“neither do I”句型中的部分倒装是一望而知的，注意提至主语前的助动词，情态动词和be动词需要注意时态或者主谓一致等情况：·I’ ve been to Norway before and so has my sister.
·I couldn’t answer my teacher’s question. Neither/ Nor could Peter.
7.“May”置于句首表示祝愿构成半倒装：
May you succeed!
May you have a good trip!。