最新定语从句句型结构

Sentence Structure 句型结构

句型---按照英语中的动词的类型(五种，即：不及物动词、系动词、单宾动词、双宾动词和复合动词)可以把英语句型划分为五种基本的句型。

一、 1.主语+不及物动词(SV句型)=主谓结构：本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。

如：The sun rises.

Tom has already left.

谓语可有修饰语-状语。

They had to travel by air or boat.

2.主语+系动词+主补(SVC句型）=主系表结构：本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主用以说明主语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。系动词有:

1.表示特征和存在状态的be, seem, feel, appear, look, smell, taste, sound;

2.表示状态延续的remain, stay, keep, continue, stand;

3.表示状态变化的become, get, turn, go, run, fall, come, grow; eg:

Our English teacher is thirty years old.

The cake tastes delicious.

The potatoes went bad in the fields.

Deep water stays still.

She is in good health.

3.主语+ 动词+ 宾语(SVO句型) =主谓宾结构:本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。如：

1. Tom has made a mistake.

2. I don’t know if he can come tomorrow.

3. They haven’t decided where to go next.

4. She stopped teaching English two years ago.

4.主语+ 双宾动词+ 间接宾语+ 直接宾语(SVOO句型) =双宾语结构：此结构由“主语+及物谓语动词+间接宾语（人）+直接宾语（事物）”组成。

如:介词to或for.

He brings cookies to me every day.

She made a beautiful dress for me.

用to侧重指动作的方向，表示朝着，向着，对着某人。用for 侧重指动作的受益者，表示为了某人，替某人。常跟双宾语的动词有：

(需借助to的）bring, give, lend, hand, offer, pass, pay, promise, return, send, show, teach, tell, write, ask等

(需借助for 的）buy, call, cook, choose, draw, find, get, make, order, sing, save, spare等。

5.主语+ 复合动词+ 宾语+ 宾补(SVOC句型)

复合宾语结构: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语补足语用来补充和说明宾语的性质和特点。

可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。

如：

The sun keeps us warm.

I heard him singing.

They made Tom monitor.

He used to do his homework with his radio on.

My mother asked me to clean my room.

The teacher made all students finish their homework on time.

用it 做形式宾语，即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。

如： I found it very pleasant to be with your family.

6.There be 句型：此句型是由“there+be+主语+状语”构成，用以表达存在关系可以称“……有……”。它其实是全

倒装的一种情况，主语位于谓语动词be 之后，there 仅为引导词，并无实际语意。此句型有时不用be动词，而用live, stand, come, go, lie, remain, exist, arrive等，但一般不用have。

如:There stands a hill in the middle of the park.

Once upon a time there lived an old king in the town.

Be 与其后的主语在人称和数量上一致，有时态和情态变化。

如:there is/are …

there was/were…

there will be…

there is /are going to be...

there has/have been…

there might be

there must be …

there used to be …

there happen/happens/happened to be …

二．

1.并列句。并列句由两个或两个以上的简单句并列在一起构成，一般由并列连词、连接副词或逗号、分号、冒号等将各分句连接起来。

1.由分号连接。

eg. Let’s start early; we have a long way to go.

2.由并列连词及词组连接-——and/ but /or/ so / however / still/ therefore /yet /while /otherwise/for /both…and…/not only…but also…/as well as/ or else/ either…or…

/neither…nor…/not…but…等。

eg: I’d like to, but I have lots of homework to do.

Both my father and mother are teachers.

It’s very good, yet I don’t like it.

She was very tired, nevertheless she kept on working.

2.复合句构成：由一个逐句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句和从句都有完整的主谓结构，但主句是全局的主体，从句只是全句中的一个成分，不能独立存在。从句通常是用引导词来引导的，引导词起连接主句和从句的作用。

分类：名词性从句（主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句），形容词性从句（定语从句），副词性从句（状语从句）。

主语从句---定义：用作主语的从句叫做主语从句。

引导主语从句的关联词有三类：

（1）从属连词that.

如：That they were in truth sisters was clear from the facial resemblance between them.

（2）从属连词whether.

如：Whether he’ll come here isn’t clear.他是否会来这里还不清楚。

（3）连接代词who，whom，whose，what，which，whoever，whatever，whichever；连接副词where，when，how，why.

如： What she did is not yet known.

How this happened is not clear to anyone.

•Whoever comes is welcome.

主语从句能用it作形式上的主语。常以it作形式主语的句型有：

A.It+be+形容词（obvious，true，natural，surprising，good，wonderful，funny，possible，likely，certain，probable，etc.）+that从句。如：

It is certain that she will do well in her exam.