英语笔译的讲义 词义的选择及其理据
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work a miracle —— 创造奇迹
Practice
1)He incurred a heavy debt to educate his children.
2) He fully deserved the penalty he incurred.
3) Some shops in New York seem to invite crime by displaying valuables on the counters.
• 妻子、爱人、夫人、太太、老婆、老 伴、媳妇、堂客、内人、贱内、拙荆
• 马铃薯、洋芋、土豆、山药蛋
• human being, man, people, person, human, fellow, individual, soul
• dog, hound, spaniel, mastiff, pointer, setter, retriever, terrier
例 2) Be a man! Don’t be a woman! 例 3) 帮助有困难的同学是我们大家的责任。 例 4) 中国人民解放军将保卫祖国视为自己
法定的职责。 (words to be chosen for translation: responsibility / duty/ obligation) duty: legal responsibility; obligation; obligation:law, or moral pressure, promise etc. that
要点:在语词概念翻译过程中,译者容易找到或从 记忆中提取出双语横组合中相对应的概念或向相近 的概念,比较容易忽视不相对应或差异较大的纵聚 合中的概念。如:
例 10)通过努力,我们解决了这一难题。
与“解决”相对应的概念常有 “overcome” “solve” ,但是还有其他概念语义相差较远词语
“crack”和“remove”等。在翻译过程中,能够 灵活地运用纵聚合中的概念则能或得形象生动的 译文。英语写作表达也同样如此。要求译者平时 阅读英语材料要多留心、多积累这些丰富的表达 方式。
alseep)
Connotative meaning: 1) (meaning of words) suggest in addition to the main meaning; 2) distinctive meaning to other words in the same
category;
force one to do sth. responsibility: being responsible or accountable
老来乐
来自百度文库
(happy, delight, joy, bliss, pleasure, …)
•
七十岁开始可以诸事不做而拿退休金, 不愁没有一碗饭吃, 自由自
在, 自得其乐。要看书可以随便乱翻。 金庸、梁羽生、克里斯蒂、松本
第二周 词义的选择及其理据: 概念的内涵与外延
Part I:Choices of Semantic Items of Words in Translation and Their Motivations: Denotation & Connotation
国际商务英语学院国贸1-2班英语笔译课讲义
Meaning Types of Words
The other types of meaning of words
•
social meaning
•
emotional meaning
•
associative meaning
•
collocative meaning
•
thematic meaning
•
functional meaning
•
cultural meaning
c) The air crash claimed one hundred and seventy lives.
例 9 )那艘船挂着西班牙国旗。
• A Spanish flag was hung on the ship mast. • The ship was flying the Spanish flag
•
stylistic meaning
•
aesthetic meaning
•
grammatical meaning
•
pragmatic meaning
例5) He is a fox.
.
他是一只狡猾的狐狸。
例6) She is a cat. 她是个包藏祸心的女人。
例7) Every life has its thorns and roses.
Par. dimension
Syn. dimension
例 8 )总共有170人在飞机坠毁事件中丧生。 (die, death, loose one’s life, …)
a) There were one hundred and seventy deaths in the air-crash.
b) one hundred and seventy people lost their lives in the air-crash.
清张, 从前哪能拜读 ? 现在可以了。随看随忘, 便扔在一边。无忧无虑,
无人打扰, 不必出门而自有天地。真是无限风光在老年。
偶尔有人来, 不论男女老少认识不认识, 天南地北, 天上地下, 天 文地理, 谈天说地, 百无禁忌。我的话匣子一开, 激光磁盘便响个不停, 滔滔不绝。无奈我闲人忙, 昕众逐渐稀少, 终于门庭冷落, 只剩一屋子 广阔天地, 任我独往独来, 随意挥洒。
• 搬、运、送、提、拎、挑、扛、背、搂、 端、举、夹、捧 (carry)
• Walk(走),saunter (闲逛,漫步), amble (缓行), track (追踪,走), wend (行, 走), stride (大步行走), trudge (跋 涉), shamble (蹒跚地走,摇摇晃晃地 走), prance (昂首阔步), scamper (奔 跳), tiptoe (用脚尖走)
• Father: the male parent of a child
• Mother: the female parent of child • 犊:小牛也 • Indian meal ——? • 玉米粥 • Indian summer ——? • 小阳春 • American beauty ——? • 月月红 • German wool ——? • 细毛线
每个人的生活中都会有苦有甜。
Part I:Theoretic Notion I
syntagmatic choices (横组合)
&
paradigmatic choices (纵聚合)
About syntagmatic choices
(横组合)&
paradigmatic choices (纵聚合)
打开电视, 又是一番新气象。古今中外, 赤道南极, 变幻莫测。真 能坐地日行八万里。忽而庄严说教,忽而插科打浑, 忽而高歌一曲, 忽 而舞步翩翩。帝王将相, 牛鬼蛇神, 无不具备, 应有尽有, 场面各有 不同 。主持人个个精神焕发。服装表演件件花样翻新。足球射门中的。篮 球投篮不空。马家军飒爽英姿。大歌星真人假唱。忽然出现红顶花翎,拖 着辫子, 仿佛我的一百四十岁的父亲复活。他不辞辛苦跑到北京来对宣统 皇帝磕头。我却曾在大庭广众中对溥仪先生点头问好。真是一代不如一代, 一代胜过一代。正在得意之间, 不料长袍马褂已变成西装革履。长发长袜, 飘来跳去, 三点泳装 耀眼生辉。眼睛耳朵实在招架不住, 那就下令暂停, 闭目养神去也。
• “范畴”则指表示同类事物的分类与概括性的词 语,反映事物的外延,是众多外延上具有同类特 征分子的集合。而反映同类事物之间的本质区别 性语义特征则是其内涵区别。如“桃树”与“梨 树”中的“树”表示二者均具有“树”的属性或 特征:一种高大、生长年龄长、并且长有主干和 枝、叶,能开花结果的植物;而“桃(树)”与 “梨(树)”则反映其本质的区别性特征,主要 体现在叶、花与果的差异性,同时,二者又属于 “树”的基本范畴。
Theoretic notion II: Text Cohesion in translation
Denotative meaning: a) conceptual or logical meaning of a word; b) being the name or sign or symbol of sth.; c) the definition of a word which refers to a thing or object or an
abstract idea; e.g. tree: large-lonf lasting type of plant, having a thick central wooden stem
from which wooden branches grow, usually bearing leaves
book: number of printed or written sheets of paper bound together in a cover duty: moral or legal obligation; task or action that sb. must perform corruption: dishonest behavor, esp through accepting bribes happy: feeling or expressing pleasure, contentment or satisfaction, etc. …
dry law 禁酒令 fly-boat 快艇 sweet water 淡水,泉水 vital capacity 肺活量 in labour 在分娩 butcher paper 一种厚而不透水的纸
词组 指称意义
或 所指意义
Note: every word may be categorized in a hierarchical way and belong to a category in terms of their denotative meaning.
• Compare and contrast the fallowing expressions between English and Chinese.
• drop a hint —— 露口风 • lift a siege —— 解围 • hit the headlines —— 成为报纸头条新闻 • administer medicine to —— 给…… 用药 • develop a fever —— 发烧 • strike a balance —— 找到折中办法;作出公平安排
例1) 老局长在市里召开的会议上睡着了。
The words that share the denotative meaning of “ being in a state of sleep or being alseep” may include sleep: nap: (short sleep, especially during the day) doze:(short light sleep) nod: (let one’s head fall forward when drowsy or
4) Wife: “I’m afraid that you may invite the rats from all over the word to gnaw your bone.”
5) It all started when I was diagnosed with an autoimmune disease called Alopecia Areata. ….. I could not understand why I had been chosen to represent the illness. I felt helpless and out of control. (Alopecia Areata: 斑形脱发症 )
Practice
1)He incurred a heavy debt to educate his children.
2) He fully deserved the penalty he incurred.
3) Some shops in New York seem to invite crime by displaying valuables on the counters.
• 妻子、爱人、夫人、太太、老婆、老 伴、媳妇、堂客、内人、贱内、拙荆
• 马铃薯、洋芋、土豆、山药蛋
• human being, man, people, person, human, fellow, individual, soul
• dog, hound, spaniel, mastiff, pointer, setter, retriever, terrier
例 2) Be a man! Don’t be a woman! 例 3) 帮助有困难的同学是我们大家的责任。 例 4) 中国人民解放军将保卫祖国视为自己
法定的职责。 (words to be chosen for translation: responsibility / duty/ obligation) duty: legal responsibility; obligation; obligation:law, or moral pressure, promise etc. that
要点:在语词概念翻译过程中,译者容易找到或从 记忆中提取出双语横组合中相对应的概念或向相近 的概念,比较容易忽视不相对应或差异较大的纵聚 合中的概念。如:
例 10)通过努力,我们解决了这一难题。
与“解决”相对应的概念常有 “overcome” “solve” ,但是还有其他概念语义相差较远词语
“crack”和“remove”等。在翻译过程中,能够 灵活地运用纵聚合中的概念则能或得形象生动的 译文。英语写作表达也同样如此。要求译者平时 阅读英语材料要多留心、多积累这些丰富的表达 方式。
alseep)
Connotative meaning: 1) (meaning of words) suggest in addition to the main meaning; 2) distinctive meaning to other words in the same
category;
force one to do sth. responsibility: being responsible or accountable
老来乐
来自百度文库
(happy, delight, joy, bliss, pleasure, …)
•
七十岁开始可以诸事不做而拿退休金, 不愁没有一碗饭吃, 自由自
在, 自得其乐。要看书可以随便乱翻。 金庸、梁羽生、克里斯蒂、松本
第二周 词义的选择及其理据: 概念的内涵与外延
Part I:Choices of Semantic Items of Words in Translation and Their Motivations: Denotation & Connotation
国际商务英语学院国贸1-2班英语笔译课讲义
Meaning Types of Words
The other types of meaning of words
•
social meaning
•
emotional meaning
•
associative meaning
•
collocative meaning
•
thematic meaning
•
functional meaning
•
cultural meaning
c) The air crash claimed one hundred and seventy lives.
例 9 )那艘船挂着西班牙国旗。
• A Spanish flag was hung on the ship mast. • The ship was flying the Spanish flag
•
stylistic meaning
•
aesthetic meaning
•
grammatical meaning
•
pragmatic meaning
例5) He is a fox.
.
他是一只狡猾的狐狸。
例6) She is a cat. 她是个包藏祸心的女人。
例7) Every life has its thorns and roses.
Par. dimension
Syn. dimension
例 8 )总共有170人在飞机坠毁事件中丧生。 (die, death, loose one’s life, …)
a) There were one hundred and seventy deaths in the air-crash.
b) one hundred and seventy people lost their lives in the air-crash.
清张, 从前哪能拜读 ? 现在可以了。随看随忘, 便扔在一边。无忧无虑,
无人打扰, 不必出门而自有天地。真是无限风光在老年。
偶尔有人来, 不论男女老少认识不认识, 天南地北, 天上地下, 天 文地理, 谈天说地, 百无禁忌。我的话匣子一开, 激光磁盘便响个不停, 滔滔不绝。无奈我闲人忙, 昕众逐渐稀少, 终于门庭冷落, 只剩一屋子 广阔天地, 任我独往独来, 随意挥洒。
• 搬、运、送、提、拎、挑、扛、背、搂、 端、举、夹、捧 (carry)
• Walk(走),saunter (闲逛,漫步), amble (缓行), track (追踪,走), wend (行, 走), stride (大步行走), trudge (跋 涉), shamble (蹒跚地走,摇摇晃晃地 走), prance (昂首阔步), scamper (奔 跳), tiptoe (用脚尖走)
• Father: the male parent of a child
• Mother: the female parent of child • 犊:小牛也 • Indian meal ——? • 玉米粥 • Indian summer ——? • 小阳春 • American beauty ——? • 月月红 • German wool ——? • 细毛线
每个人的生活中都会有苦有甜。
Part I:Theoretic Notion I
syntagmatic choices (横组合)
&
paradigmatic choices (纵聚合)
About syntagmatic choices
(横组合)&
paradigmatic choices (纵聚合)
打开电视, 又是一番新气象。古今中外, 赤道南极, 变幻莫测。真 能坐地日行八万里。忽而庄严说教,忽而插科打浑, 忽而高歌一曲, 忽 而舞步翩翩。帝王将相, 牛鬼蛇神, 无不具备, 应有尽有, 场面各有 不同 。主持人个个精神焕发。服装表演件件花样翻新。足球射门中的。篮 球投篮不空。马家军飒爽英姿。大歌星真人假唱。忽然出现红顶花翎,拖 着辫子, 仿佛我的一百四十岁的父亲复活。他不辞辛苦跑到北京来对宣统 皇帝磕头。我却曾在大庭广众中对溥仪先生点头问好。真是一代不如一代, 一代胜过一代。正在得意之间, 不料长袍马褂已变成西装革履。长发长袜, 飘来跳去, 三点泳装 耀眼生辉。眼睛耳朵实在招架不住, 那就下令暂停, 闭目养神去也。
• “范畴”则指表示同类事物的分类与概括性的词 语,反映事物的外延,是众多外延上具有同类特 征分子的集合。而反映同类事物之间的本质区别 性语义特征则是其内涵区别。如“桃树”与“梨 树”中的“树”表示二者均具有“树”的属性或 特征:一种高大、生长年龄长、并且长有主干和 枝、叶,能开花结果的植物;而“桃(树)”与 “梨(树)”则反映其本质的区别性特征,主要 体现在叶、花与果的差异性,同时,二者又属于 “树”的基本范畴。
Theoretic notion II: Text Cohesion in translation
Denotative meaning: a) conceptual or logical meaning of a word; b) being the name or sign or symbol of sth.; c) the definition of a word which refers to a thing or object or an
abstract idea; e.g. tree: large-lonf lasting type of plant, having a thick central wooden stem
from which wooden branches grow, usually bearing leaves
book: number of printed or written sheets of paper bound together in a cover duty: moral or legal obligation; task or action that sb. must perform corruption: dishonest behavor, esp through accepting bribes happy: feeling or expressing pleasure, contentment or satisfaction, etc. …
dry law 禁酒令 fly-boat 快艇 sweet water 淡水,泉水 vital capacity 肺活量 in labour 在分娩 butcher paper 一种厚而不透水的纸
词组 指称意义
或 所指意义
Note: every word may be categorized in a hierarchical way and belong to a category in terms of their denotative meaning.
• Compare and contrast the fallowing expressions between English and Chinese.
• drop a hint —— 露口风 • lift a siege —— 解围 • hit the headlines —— 成为报纸头条新闻 • administer medicine to —— 给…… 用药 • develop a fever —— 发烧 • strike a balance —— 找到折中办法;作出公平安排
例1) 老局长在市里召开的会议上睡着了。
The words that share the denotative meaning of “ being in a state of sleep or being alseep” may include sleep: nap: (short sleep, especially during the day) doze:(short light sleep) nod: (let one’s head fall forward when drowsy or
4) Wife: “I’m afraid that you may invite the rats from all over the word to gnaw your bone.”
5) It all started when I was diagnosed with an autoimmune disease called Alopecia Areata. ….. I could not understand why I had been chosen to represent the illness. I felt helpless and out of control. (Alopecia Areata: 斑形脱发症 )