英语：时间状语从句和过去完成时

时间状语从句和过去完成时专题训练

学习目标：时间状语从句和过去完成时

学习重点：时间状语从句和过去完成时

学习难点：过去完成时

时间状语从句

引导时间状语从句的从属连词有：when, whenever, as, while, before, after, till, until, since, as soon as, hardly…when…, no sooner…than…, every time, each time, the first time等。

Not until …在句首，主句用倒装。

一、while，when和as

while引导时间状语从句，谓语动词为持续性动词，表示可持续的动作和状态。同时while可以对比；也可以引导让步状语从句。

when引导的从句的谓语动词可以是延续性的动词，又可以是瞬时动词。并且when有时表示“就在那时”。as表示“一边……一边”，as引导的动作是延续性的动作，一般用于主句和从句动作同时发生。

例1.While my wife was reading the newspaper, I was watching TV.

2.I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。

3.We always sing as we walk.我们总是边走边唱。

4.We were about to leave when he came in.我们就要离开，就在那时他进来了。

5.I like playing football while you like playing basketball.我喜欢踢足球，而你喜欢打篮球。

二、before和after

当主句用将来时，从句总是用现在时；如果before引导的从句谓语用的是过去时，则主句动词多用过去完成时。After表示主句动作发生在从句动作之后。主句和从句的动作的时间关系正好与before引导的从句相反。

例1.After we had finished the work, we went home.完成工作之后，我们回家了。

2.My father had left for Canada just before the letter arrived.我父亲恰好在信到之前去加拿大了。

三、till和until

例1.I didn't go to bed until（till）my father came back.直到我父亲回来我才上床睡觉。

2. Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is.

直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热能是什么。

3. It was not until the meeting was over that he began to teach me English.直到散会之后他才开始教我英语。

Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.

直到我开始工作，我才认识到了我已蹉跎了几多岁月。

四、Since 在It is + 时间+ since…句型中，从句的谓语动词为持续动词，动作从该动作结束算起；从句

谓语动词为非持续性动词，从该动作开始算起。

例1.It is four years since my sister lived in Beijing. 我妹妹不在北京住有四年了。

2.It is five months since our boss left Beijing.我们老板离开北京有五个月了。

五、as soon as, immediately, directly, instantly, the moment, the instant, the minute, 等引导的时间状语从句。

这些连词都表示“一……就……”。

例1.I will go there immediately I have finished my breakfast. 吃完早饭，我立即到那里去。

2.The moment I heard the news, I hastened to the spot.我一听到消息，马上赶到了出事地点。

六、hardly(scarcely, rarely)…when / before, no sooner…than相当于as soon as之意。

主句用过去完成时，从句用一般过去时。当hardly, scarcely, rarely和no sooner位于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。

例1. He had no sooner arrived home than he was asked to start on another journey. 他刚到家，就被邀请开始另一旅程。

2. No sooner had the sun shown itself above the horizon than he got out of bed to commence work.太阳刚

从地平线上升起，他就起床劳动去了。

3. Hardly had I sat down when he stepped in.我刚坐下，他就进来了。

七、由by the time引导的时间状语从句。

在一般情况下，如果从句的谓语动词用一般过去时，主句的谓语动词用过去完成时；如果主句的谓语动词用一般现在时，主句的谓语动词用将来完成时。

例1. By the time you came back, I had finished this book.到你回来时，我已经写完这本书了。

2. By the time you come here tomorrow, I will have finished this work. 你明天来这儿的时候，我将已经完成此工作了。

八、由each time, every time和whenever引导的时间状语从句。

例1. Each time he came to Harbin, he would call on me. 他每次来哈尔滨，总是来看我。

2. Whenever that man says “To tell the truth”, I suspect that he's about to tell a lie.每当那个人说“说实在话”的时候，我猜想他就要说谎了。

3. You grow younger every time I see you. 每次遇到你，见你更年轻了。