中考英语专题讲练 逻辑推理(含解析)

逻辑推理知识精讲一、逻辑推理题的分类逻辑推理题可分为：反义推理、进一步推理、情感推理和态度推理四类。

其中，前两类主要是从做题技巧上进行的分类，而后两类主要是从考查内容上进行分类。

总结发现，中考完形填空的考点经常是考查代表任务态度、观点和事件发展走向的。

通常情况下，同学们此部分题目的失分率相当高，要引起注意。

二、反义推理题此类题型通常是指填空部分在语言表述上采用“否定之否定”的方式，进一步说明前后文或后文已表达的语义。

例如上文表述“我欣赏自己天才的一面”，下文说“我厌恶自己_________的一面”。

填空部分可以通过“欣赏”和“厌恶”两词反义，推知欣赏“天才”，而厌恶“平庸”。

正确答案“平庸”与原文“天才”相对应。

这类题目通常以一对反义词为线索，寻找另一对反义词，从而推知正确的答案。

通常，可以通过某条件不成立或有变化，从而推知结果相反或不同；可根据结果不同，从而推知原因不同；也可根据选择A，从而推知不能选择与A相反或相对的事物等等。

总之，这类题型解题关键就是找出反义的对应词。

三、进一步推理进一步推理主要指根据上下文所提供的故事线索和已经发生的故事脉络，按照因果关系或常识等推断故事走向的题目。

如上文说“奶奶给我几美元”，后文说“奶奶对我说，拿着_________去给需要的人买东西。

”可推知，空格处是拿着钱去买东西。

此类题目数量最多，难度不一，相对比较复杂。

有时是依据常识进行推理，大部分还是要根据上下文流露出的字里行间的语义进行合理推断。

四、情感推理此类题目主要是指通过上下文线索，推断文章中人物的情感状况和情绪变化的一类题目。

情感通常是指喜、怒、哀、乐等各种情绪。

情感推理题是从完形填空考查内容的角度进行分类。

情感推理题的难点在于对各类不同情感的辨析，了解相近情感的差异。

这类题目出现的频率相当高，并且同学们的失分率也相对较高。

五、态度推理此类题目主要是指通过上下文线索，合理地推断文章中人物的态度及其变化。

态度通常是指同意与否、喜欢与否、肯定与否、判断和评价类等观点性题目。

从词性角度分析，态度推理题主要考查动词和形容词。

三点剖析考点：逻辑推理是中考完形填空考查的重中之重。

因为中考考查的重点集中在语言知识和语言能力的理解运用上。

完形填空正是检验学生们对于文章故事情节理解、判断、推测的能力。

在中考完形填空中，逻辑推理题大概占到60%~80%的比例，在北京等一些地区所占的比例会更高。

随着逻辑推理所占比重的增加，完形填空的整体难度也随之不断提高。

题模精选题模一：反义推理题例2.1.1Seasick means SICK BY THE MOVEMENT ON THE SEA．When you are homesick, the only place you want to be is at home. When you are seasick, _________ you want to be is at sea.A．the first place B．the last placeC．the only place D．the safe place例2.1.2Animals behavior scientists want to learn how animal behave in their wild homes. When animals live in cages or in zoos, they do not act the same as they dowhen they are _________.A．happy B．free C．sad D．angry题模二：进一步推理题例2.2.1On my way home I knocked into a stranger as he passed by. “Oh, I’m terribly sorry,” I said. “That’s all right. Please excuse me too; I wasn’t even ____1____ you. I wish I didn’t hurt you.” We were very ____2____. We said good-bye and went on our way. But at home we often ____3____ our loved ones in a different way.1. A．savingB．helpingC．callingD．noticing2. A．sadB．angryC．politeD．proud3. A．helpB．treatC．criticizeD．encourage例2.2.2“I’ll do anything to get a good photo,” he often said. “I’ll go anywhere at any time, even if it is _________.” And he told the truth. He had photos of earthquakes, forest fires, floods and even wars.A．dangerous B．naturalC．convenient D．impossible题模三：情感推理题例2.3.1Then he saw the rest of his family were still in the car--- in the water. He took a big breath and swam back to save first Mac, and then Rosie. Christopher,from England, said, “I didn’t think about it and only knew I had to get them out.I was _________, but it was all happening so fast, and I didn’t really think about the danger.”A．hurried B．frightenedC．expected D．tired例2.3.2A．young boy ran up to me, out of breath. He stood right before me with his head down and said _________, “Look what I found!” In his hand was a flower.A．sadly B．strictlyC．angrily D．excitedly题模四：态度推理题例2.4.1Back home, I told Alice, “It’s time to answer your question.” I put one apple of each kind on the table. Then I looked at Alice, who had a _________ look on her face.“People all like apples. They come in all different colors, shapes and sizes. Some of the apples may not even look as the others.” As I was talking, Alice was examining each one carefully.A．worried B．confidentC．proud D．strange例2.4.2After he graduated, the famous inventor Thomas Edison asked him to work in his lab but George _________. He had other plans. He started an agricultural organization for black students in Alabama.A．accepted B．refusedC．understood D．cared随堂练习随练2.1It was Friday. The football game was Saturday and we were very excited.My brother was going to be the quarterback（美式足球进攻组织者）for our team. It was the first he would be in that ____1____. He had been hoping to be the quarterback ever since he joined the team. He said, “That’s the big job. That’s the one that makes the big difference”.My mother said, “____2____, son. That’s the big target, too. You know the other ____3____ want to knock you down. You can get hurt.”“Don’t worry, I’m so ____4____ and I’m fast. Besides, I have great players who will ____5____ them from coming at me.” my brother said.I couldn’t ____6____ well the whole night. I worried about my brother. My mother was ____7____ ---he could get hurt.The next morning, he ____8____ early to get to the game. When we got there, it was about to start. The ____9____ ran out on the field. My brother looked great. He saw us and ____10____.Then it started. They were playing hard. One player in particular from the other team kept ____11____ at him. Then it happened. He knocked my brother down. My brother was slow to get up. My mother was screaming（尖叫）.The coach ran out on the field. He told my brother to ____12____ some time on the bench. He was afraid he had been hurt.My mother ran down to ____13____ on my brother. But all he did was a smile. “It’s just a bruise（瘀伤）. I’m fine. And don’t worry, I’ll be back. This is ____14____.I love leading the team.”After that game, my brother plays quarterback every Saturday. But my mother is still ____15____. She can’t go to the games. She just waits at home and hopes to see him walking in smiling.随练2.2It is important to have positive feelings in our daily life.Compared ____1____ some unhappy people, those who are always pleased and relaxed are less likely to suffer from colds, ____2____ a new study. The researchers from New York University said, “____3____ helps the body prevent diseases.”“It seems that positive feelings may reduce the ____4____ of illness,” said the chief researcher Sheldon Cohen.In an earlier study, Cohen found that people who were ____5____ caught colds less often. And they seldom t old their doctors that they felt ____6____.In this study, Cohen’s team interviewed 193 adults every day for two weeks. In this ____7____, the people told researchers about ____8____ happy or sad feelingsthat day. Two weeks later, all of them were made to catch colds by doctors, and they had to stay ____9____ in a room for six days.The results ____10____ that each in the study was equal to fall i ll. ____11____ people who were lively and relaxed said they felt happy during the research. Their illnesses were less serious and lasted for a ____12____ time.Cohen believes that ____13____ people have positive feelings, their body may produce a kind of chemical that helps to ____14____ illnesses. So if you ____15____ your health, please look on the bright side and make yourself happy all the time随练2.3The first note I ever wrote for my mother said “Hi, Mom! Have a nice day! Love, Marie! ”. I was twelve when I wrote it, and I folded the ____1____ into her change purse.My mother worked as a cleaner in a clothing factory. I knew that when she ____2____ meals in the dining hall, she would have to look for change in her purse.I didn't know that she would ____3____ that note, and always carry it with her.From the day that I ____4____ folded the small piece of paper into my mother's change purse, she and I left each other ____5____ notes. They would be put in the fridge, under a lamp, or beside the TV set. I ____6____ found one hidden in my shoe. From the outside, our notes may have been general ____7____ of our days, ideas and wishes. But to my mother and ____8____, they were a lifeline-a communication with each other that no one else ____9____.On October 20, 2009, my mother died after a long illness. I stood near her bed, ____10____ her hand. I didn't cry the day my mom died, ____11____ I didn't cry a week later when I went to collect her things. I was so thankful that she no longer had aches and ____12____.Recently, I found a note that my mom. had ____13____ me．It had been hidden in the ____14____ of my favorite childhood book for years. It read “Dear Marie, I love you always. Miss you a lot. Don't forget me. Be ____15____! Love, Mom” That day, I cried.答案解析逻辑推理题模精选题模一：反义推理题例2.1.1【答案】B【解析】考查了反义推理。