否定句结构

一、全部否定

全部否定通常由含有全部否定意义的词，如no, none, nobody, nowhere, no one, never, neither, nor 等加上表示肯定意义的谓语动词构成。例如：

1. We couldn't eat in a restaurant because ____ of us had ___ money on us.(MET1991)

A. all; no

B. any; no

C. none; any

D. on one; any

析：根据句意“我们不能在餐馆吃饭”，可推测后句为“因为我们谁也没带钱”。no one 虽能表示全部否定，但其后不能跟of 短语。所以该题选 C 。类似试题：

(1)They were all tired, but ____ of them would stop to take a rest.(NMET1995)

A. any

B. some

C. none

D. neither

(2)Both teams were in hard training; ____ was willing to lose the game. （上海2001 ）

A. either

B. neither

C. another

D. the other

注意：“否定谓语+ 不定代词any/either 等”也可构成全部否定。例如：

We won't buy any of the books. 我们不会买任何一本书。

二、部分否定

部分否定是由表示总括意义的词如all, both, every, each, everything, everybody 以及always, completely, entirely, wholly 等加上否定词not, never 等构成的，含有“不全是、并非都”等意思。例如：

I agree with most of what you said, but I don't agree with___. (NMET1997)

A. everything

B. anything

C. something

D. nothing

析：由前一句“你说的我绝大部分同意”可推知后半句应为“但我并不是每一个细节都同意”。在所给的四个选项中只有everything 与not 连用才能构成部分否定。故选 A 。再如：

All that glitters is not gold. （莎士比亚语）=Not all that glitters is gold. 闪

闪发光的未必都是金子。

三、延续否定

延续否定是在前文否定的基础上，再追加一个或数个否定的句子或结构，以补充说明已经否定的人或物的情况。其结构为“否定句+neither/nor+ 助动词+ 主语+ ……”，或者是“ not … or …”等。例如：

1. — Do you know Jim quarreled with his brother?

— I don't know and ____. (MET1991)

A. nor don't I care

B. nor do I care

C. I don't care, neither

D. I don't care also

析：I don't know 已是一个否定句，而后面又紧跟一个否定句，进一步说明主语的态度，整句意为：我不知道，也不关心。答案为 B 。

2. — I don't like chicken____ fish.

— I don't like chicken, _____ I like fish very much.(MET1993)

A. and; and

B. and; but

C. or; and

D. or; but

析：当同时否定两者时，若重复否定词，则用and 连接，如：I like no chicken and no fish. 若只在前边加否定词，则用or 连接。由于后一句不是延续否定，故使用but 表示转折。答案为 D 。

四、半（部分）否定

当句中出现含有否定意义的词，如little, few, seldom, rarely, scarcely, hardly, barely 等时，该句就构成半否定句；当这些半否定词置于句首时要采取部分倒装。例如：

• Little____ about his own safety, though he was in great danger. （上海1994 ）

A. does he care

B. did he care

C. he cares

D. he cared

析：表否定意义的词little, never, seldom, hardly 等用于句首时句子要倒装。根据语境，此处应该用过去时态。答案为 B 。

2.____ got into the room, ____ the telephone rang. (MET1988)

A. He hardly had; then

B. Hardly had he; when

C. He had not; than

D. Not had he; when

析：hardly … when …是个常见句型，意为“一……就……”。当hardly 位于句首时句子也应倒装，但hardly 也可放在句中，这时不倒装，即：He had hardly got into the room when the telephone rang. 答案为B 。

五、否定转移

当主句中含有动词think, believe, expect, feel, guess, imagine, suppose 等时，其后宾语从句的否定词往往转移到主句的谓语动词上。如：I don't think he is right. （我认为他不对。）从近年高考试题来看重点在于考查一些简略答语中的否定转移问题。例如：

1. — Do you think it's going to rain over the weekend?

— ______.(NMET1994)

A. I don't believe

B. I don't believe it

C. I believe not so

D. I believe not

析：此题考查的是表达个人看法时的日常交际用语，肯定回答为：I believe so 否定回答有两种：I believe not. 或I don't believe so. 答案为D 。

2. — The boys are not doing a good job at all, are they?

— ____. （北京2003 春招）

A. I guess not so

B. I don't guess

C. I don't guess so

D. I guess not

析：根据习惯，guess, hope, be afraid 的否定答语只有一种形式，即：I guess/hope/am afraid not. 而不能说：I don't guess/hope so. 也就是说这几个词不能否定转移。答案为 D 。

六、特指否定

含有非谓语动词否定形式的句子，叫作特指否定句，其否定形式是在其前加not/never. 例如：

1. Tom kept quiet about the accident _____ lose the job.(MET1990)

A. so not as to

B. so as not to

C. so as to not

D. not so as to