生活饮用水标准检验方法 消毒副产物指标

生活饮用水标准检验方法消毒副产物指标生活饮用水是人类生活必需品之一，所以水质是直接关系到人们的健康。

为了确保生活饮用水的安全性，各国政府都有严格的水质标准。

本文将介绍几种常用的生活饮用水标准检验方法中的消毒副产物指标。

1.氯化物
氯化物是加氯化物消毒剂时产生的最常见和最熟知的消毒副产物之一。

氯化物是水中可溶解的氯离子。

它可以通过植物硝酸盐还原气相电导法或石墨炉原子吸收光谱法检验。

2.二氯甲烷（CH2Cl2）
二氯甲烷是另一种常见的消毒副产物，是由于氯与有机物反应而产生的。

二氯甲烷对人体健康有害，因此对于公共饮用水，二氯甲烷的含量应低于0.01毫克/升。

二氯甲烷可以通过气相色谱法检验。

3.三氯甲烷（CHCl3）
三氯甲烷是另一种常见的消毒副产物，也是由于氯与有机物反应
而产生的。

它比二氯甲烷更加有害。

三氯甲烷对于人体健康的危害包
括肝脏损害和癌症等。

对于公共饮用水，三氯甲烷的含量应低于0.001毫克/升。

三氯甲烷可以通过气相色谱法检验。

4.苯并[α]芘（BaP）
苯并[α]芘是一种多环芳烃，是烟草燃烧和烤肉等过程中产生的。

苯并[α]芘与多个癌症类型有关，包括肺癌、喉癌和食道癌。

公共饮
用水中的苯并[α]芘含量应低于0.0001毫克/升。

苯并[α]芘可以通
过高效液相色谱法检验。

5.活性炭吸附法
活性炭是一种非常有效的消除消毒副产物的方法。

它可以去除大
部分的氯、氯化物、二氯甲烷、三氯甲烷等消毒副产物。

活性炭吸附
法的原理是基于活性炭对于各种有机化合物的亲合性。

在实验室中，
可以将水样通过活性炭床，并根据进入和出口的水样差异来检测消毒
副产物的去除量。

总之，生活饮用水的消毒副产物指标是确保人们饮用水安全的重
要指标之一。

通过适当的检测方法可以检测出水中消毒副产物的含量，以确保水质安全。

英文翻译：
The standard testing methods for drinking water quality
are essential to ensure the safety of human consumption. To achieve this, various countries have set strict standards of quality. This article highlights some common testing methods for disinfection byproducts in drinking water.
1. Chloride
Chloride is the most common and well-known disinfection byproduct generated by chlorine disinfectant. Chloride is a soluble ion that can be measured with the plant nitrate reductase gas-phase conductometric method or graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry.
2. Dichloromethane (CH2Cl2)
Dichloromethane is another common disinfection byproduct produced by the reaction of chlorine with organic matter. This chemical is harmful to human health, and for public drinking water, the concentration should be less than 0.01 mg/L. Gas chromatography is applied to measure dichloromethane concentration.
3. Trichloromethane (CHCl3)
Trichloromethane is a harmful disinfection byproduct, which is produced by the reaction of chlorine with organic matter. It is more toxic than dichloromethane and has an association with liver damage and cancer, among other health hazards. Public drinking water should have a concentration of trichloromethane lower than 0.001 mg/L. Gas chromatography is used to test trichloromethane.
4. Benzo[a]pyrene (BaP)
Benzo[a]pyrene is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon produced in tobacco combustion and grilling processes. It is
connected with various cancer types, including lung, larynx, and esophagus cancer. The concentration of benzo[a]pyrene in public drinking water should not exceed 0.0001 mg/L. High-performance liquid chromatography is utilized to measure the BaP concentration.
5. Activated Carbon Adsorption
Activated carbon is an effective method for removing disinfection byproducts. It can eliminate most of the chlorine, chloride, dichloromethane, and trichloromethane and other disinfection byproducts. The principle of activated carbon adsorption is based on the natural affinity of activated carbon to different organic compounds. An effective method of testing the removal of disinfection byproducts from water is to pass the sample through an activated carbon bed and compare the input and output concentrations of the contaminants.
In conclusion, the disinfection byproducts in drinking water are essential indicators of the safety of water consumption. Proper testing methods are critical in determining the levels of disinfection byproducts in water to ensure safety for human consumption.。