Spotlight on Oracle性能监控器
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Spotlight On Oracle性能监控器
一、各种资源总体性能指标主界面(Home)
主界面共分为六大面板,各面板指标如下:
1.1 Sessions(会话)
Session是Oracle数据库服务器对连接数据库的用户进行记录的一种手段,用户使用客户软件(如SQL Plus、企业管理器等)连接数据库,就形成了一个会话。
★Active Sessions:该值是活动用户占连接到数据库用户总数的百分比,注:正常值不小于70%。
1.2 Host(主机)
Host主机主要指被监控的服务器。
★Total CPU Usage:CPU总体利用率
★Run Queue:等待CPU运行的队列数,注:该值超过CPU的块数时,表明CPU存在瓶颈。
1.3 Server Processes(PGA:程序全局区)
PGA是数据库服务器内存中为单个用户进程分配的专用的内存区域,是用户进程私有的,不能共享。
★Dedicated:专用服务进程(该值执行时代表一个客户进程)。该值主要表示登录和注销数据库服务器的用户数量。
★Shared:多线程服务器(MTS:multi-threaded servers),该值执行时代表多个客户进程。
可以配置该值的两个参数来改变负载:
MTS_SERVERS/SHARED_SERVERS
MTS_MAX_SERVERS/MAX_SHARED_SERVERS
★Dispatchers:协调客户机作业的共享服务器分配的MTS发报。可以配置该值的两个参数来改变负载:
MTS_DISPATCHERS/DISPATCHERS
MTS_MAX_DISPATCHERS/MAX_DISPATCHERS
★Parallel Query:支持查询和(Oracle8版本)DML语句并发执行的并行查询服务器。可以配置该值的两个参数来改变负载:
PARALLEL_MIN_SERVERS
PARALLEL_MAX_SERVERS
★Job Queue:通过DBMS_JOB包运行PL/SQL命令提交oracle工作队列的工作队列服务器进程。可以配置该值的参数:
JOB_QUEUE_PROCESSES
1.4 SGA(系统全局区)
SGA是数据库服务器为用户进程和服务器进程之间进行通信所使用的内存,所有用户进程共享SGA的内容。
★Buffer Cache Hit Ratio:高速缓冲区点击比率,该值反映了高速缓存区(Buffer Cache)的性能(高速缓冲存储器用高速缓存区频繁访问以后需要的数据块)。注:该值不能小于90%。★Shared Pool Used:存储SQL语句,PL/SQL程序,对象定义以及MTS的会话存储的共享池大小。
1.5 Background Processes(数据库后台支持进程)
★Database Writer(DBWR1):数据库写入进程。该值主要是把SGA面板的高速缓冲区数据块写到磁盘的数据文件中。
★Redo Log(LGWR1):重写日志写入进程。该值主要是把SGA面板的重写缓冲区数据块写到磁盘的重写日志文件中。
★Archiver(ARCH1):归档进程。
1.6 Disk Storage(磁盘存储)
★Database Files:使用Oracle表空间的百分比(包括:索引表空间、系统表空间、用户表空间、实例表空间、工具表空间、回滚表空间等,TEMP表空间除外)。
★Redo Logs:重写日志文件使用的百分比,该值不包括存档文件。注:正常值为51%。
★Archive Log:归档日志文件可用磁盘空间的百分比,
1 The client program (for example, SQL*PLUS, Oracle Power Objects, or some other tool) sends a SELECT statement to the server process.
2 The server process looks in the shared pool for a matching SQL statement. If none is found, the server process parses the SQL and inserts the SQL statement into the shared pool.
3 The server process looks in the buffer cache for the data blocks required.If found, the data block must be moved on to the most recently used end of the Least Recently Used (LRU) list.
4 If the block cannot be found in the buffer cache the server process must fetch it from the disk file. This requires a disk I/O.
5 The server process returns the rows retrieved to the client process. This may involve some network or
communications delay.
6 When the client issues the UPDATE statement the process of parsing the SQL and retrieving the rows to be updated must occur. The update statement then changes the relevant blocks in shared memory and updates entries in the rollback segment buffers.
7 The update statement also makes an entry in the redo log buffer that records the transaction details.
8 The database-writer background process copies modified blocks from the buffer cache to the database files. The Oracle session performing the update does not have to wait for this to occur.
9 When the COMMIT statement is issued the log writer process must copy the contents of the redo log buffer to the redo log file. The COMMIT statement does not return control to the Oracle session issuing the commit until this write is complete.
10 If running in ARCHIVELOG mode, the archiver process copies full redo logs to the archive destination. A redo log is not eligible for re-use until it has been archived.
11 At regular intervals, or when a redo log switch occurs, Oracle performs a checkpoint. A checkpoint requires all modified blocks in the buffer cache to be written to disk. A redo log file cannot be re-used until the checkpoint completes.