诗经

Example 1 《诗经·卫风·硕人》手如柔荑，肤如凝脂，领如蝤蛴，齿如瓠犀。

①螓首蛾眉，巧笑倩兮，美目盼兮。

②§①荑（音题）：白茅之芽。

领：颈。

蝤蛴（音求其）：天牛的幼虫，色白身长。

瓠犀（音户西）：瓠瓜子儿，色白，排列整齐。

§②螓（音秦）：似蝉而小，头宽广方正。

螓首，形容前额丰满开阔。

蛾眉：蚕蛾触角，细长而曲。

这里形容眉毛细长弯曲。

倩：嘴角间好看的样子。

盼：眼珠转动，一说眼儿黑白分明。

Version 1.§Her hands are like soft young shoots, her skin is like lard; her neck is like the tree-grub, her teeth are like melon-seeds, her head is cicada-like, her eyebrows are silkworm-like; her artfully-smiling (mouth) is red, her beautiful eyes are well-defined black and white,.(Benhard Karlgren 高本汉(1889-1978))注释：(a) A vivid description of the scene around the suburb, where the lady halts, at the last stage before entering the city proper.Version 2.Hand soft as a blade of grass,a skin like cream, neck like the glow-worm’s light,her teeth as melon seeds,a forehead neat as is katydid’s ( 纺织娘),her brows and lips, as when you see her smileor her eyes turn, she dimpling the while,clear white, against black iris. (tr. Ezra Pound)八、《诗经》的内容§1.祭祀诗§2.农事诗§3.燕飨诗§4.怨刺诗§5.战争诗§6.徭役诗§7.爱情诗民族史诗•史诗（epic）：narrating grand style（用雄伟的风格叙述的文体）•史诗的性质：必是口传（oral）的；必与宗教信仰密不可分；必和民族的典礼相联系；对战争事件往往有详细生动的描述；尽量凸现英雄人物。

•史诗的“三要素”：神话、歌谣和历史传说。

•史诗产生的历史条件：从野蛮到文明。

•人类是那样年轻，他们精力充沛，朝气蓬勃，积极向上，乐观自信，而又充满幻想，所有这些都赋予了史诗特有的一种艺术品质。

Translated by Wang Rongpei •今译：陈俊英蒋见元英译：汪榕培厥初生民，时维姜嫄。

生民如何？克禋克祀，以弗无子。

履帝武敏、歆，攸介攸止。

载震载夙，载生载育，时维后稷。

•最初生下周祖先，•那是有邰姜嫄娘。

•如何生下周族人?•姜嫄祈祷祭上苍，•因为尚未生儿郎。

•踩了上帝拇趾印，•神灵保佑赐吉祥。

•十月怀胎行端庄，•一朝生子勤抚养，•便是后稷周先王。

The First Birth•The very first birth from our clan •Was given by renowned Jiang Yuan.•How had the first child been conceived? •In gods and Heaven she believed,•From barrenness to be relieved. •On gods' footprints she piously trod,•Endowed with grace and bliss by gods •Conceived and pregnant she became•And to her breast a child then came, •Houji ，the Lord of Corn, by name.•诞弥厥月，•先生如达。

•不坼不副，•无菑无害，•以赫厥灵。

•上帝不宁？•不康禋祀？•居然生子！•怀孕足月期限满，•头胎生子真顺当.•产门没破更没裂，•无灾无难身健康，•显出灵异和吉祥r;•上帝原来心不安，•姜源惊慌祭祀忙，•陡然生下小儿郎。

•When ten full months had thereby run,•As tame as lambs came her first son•With neither throes nor any pains,•She went through labour with no strains•By sincere worship every day,•She pleased the gods in every way•The gods favour she entirely won,•Thus obtaining her dear son•诞寘之隘巷，•牛羊腓字之；•诞寘之平林，•会伐平林；•诞寘之寒冰，•鸟覆翼之。

•鸟乃去矣，•后稷呱矣。

•实覃实吁，•厥声载路。

•把他丢在小巷里。

•牛羊喂奶当妈妈；•把他丢到树林中，•樵夫砍柴救娃娃。

•把他丢到寒冰上，•大鸟展翅温暖他、:•When the son was left in lanes,•The sheep and Cows fed him with milk.•When the son was left on plains,•Wood-cutters sheltered him from rains•When the son was left on Ice,• A bird protected him so nice.•When the bird began to fly,•Houji began to wail and cry.•His cry resounded far and wide,•Attracting strangers on roadside•诞实匍匐，•克岐克嶷，•以就口食。

•蓺之荏菽，•荏菽斾斾，•禾役穟穟，•麻麦幪幪，•瓜瓞唪唪。

•后稷刚会地上爬，•又是聪明又乖巧，•能够觅食吃得饱。

•少年就会种大豆，•大豆一片长得好。

•种出谷子穗垂垂，•麻麦茂密无杂草，•瓜儿累累真不少。

•后稷刚会地上爬，•又是聪明又乖巧，•能够觅食吃得饱。

•少年就会种大豆，•大豆一片长得好。

•种出谷子穗垂垂，•麻麦茂密无杂草，•瓜儿累累真不少。

•When he began to learn to crawl,•He already showed more wit than all,•To reach for mouthfully large and small•When he began to sow the beans,•They grow as thick and dense as screens.•His paddy rice there lushly grow;•His hemp and wheat would glow in dew;•His gourds were growing ripe, too.•诞后稷之穑，•有相之道。

•茀厥丰草，•种之黄茂。

•实方实苞，•实种实褎，•实发实秀，•实坚实好，•实颖实栗。

•即有邰家室。

•后稷种地种得好，•能够想出好门道。

•除却满田野生草，•选择良种播得早。

•种子含芭吐嫩芽，•禾苗窜出向上冒。

•拔节抽穗渐结实，•谷粒饱满颜色好。

•禾穗沉沉产量高，•定居邰地乐陶陶。

•Houji would farm in his own way,•At the proper time of day•He cleared away the rampant weeds•And sowed the choicest millet seeds•The seedlings in the soil would sprout•And grow afield into stalks stout;•From the stalks would grow the ears ,•Waving in the breeze in cheers;•With crops so heavy all along,•He settled down in Tai for long•诞降嘉种，•维秬维秠，•维穈维芑。

•恒之秬秠，•是获是畞；•恒之穈芑，•是任是负。

•以归肇祀。

•后稷推广好种子，•子子粒粒黍米大，•糜子高粱裸裸粗。

•遍地柜子和枉子。

•收获下来堆珑亩。

•遍地糜子和高粱，•挑着背着忙运输，•运回开始祭先祖。

•Houji had sent out seeds refined,•To plant black grains of every kind•With grains both red and white in mind•Black millets gave abundant yield,•Piled in stacks across the field•Men carried home grains red and white,•Bound in bundles heavy and light•To serve the sacrificial rite.•诞我祀如何？•或舂或揄，•或簸或蹂。

•释之叟叟，•烝之浮浮。

•载谋载惟，•取萧祭脂，•取羝以軷。

•载燔载烈，•以兴嗣歳。

•说起祭祀怎个样?•有的舂米有舀粮，•有的搓米有扬糠。

•淘米声音嗖嗖，•蒸饭热气喷喷香。

•祭祀大事同商量，•涂脂烧艾味芬芳:•拿来公羊剥去皮，•又烧又烤供神享-•祈求来年更丰攘。

•What did we do for sacrifice?•some hulled and then baled out the rice;•Some sifted and trod upon the rice.•Men here were busy scouring rice;•Men there were busy steaming rice.•They thought of this , prepared that•And burnt mugwort with cattle fat.•We bought a lamb and skinned it here;•We broiled and roasted the flesh with cheer•To pray for bliss the coming year•卬盛于豆，•于豆于豋，•其香始升。