北京市各区初三英语期末试题各题型分类--阅读与表达

（一）朝阳

George Stephenson was born in England, in 1781. His family was very poor. When he was young, he didn't go to school but worked in the coal mines(矿). In his spare time, he taught himself to read and write. Miners worked below the surface of the earth. Stephenson thought it was dangerous, so he built a miner's safety lamp. This helped bring him to the attention of the owners of the coal mines. They put him control over all the machinery.

In 1812, Stephenson became an engine builder for the mines. The ow ners were interested in locomotives（机车）because the cost of horse feed was so high. They wanted Stephenson to build a locomotive to pull the coal cars from the mines. His first locomotive, The Blucher, was put on the rails in 1814.

Stephenson was a good engineer, and he was lucky to work for a rich boss. Between 1814 and 1826, Stephenson was the only man in Great Britain building locomotives.

When the Stockholm and Darlington Railway, the first public railroad system(系统) , was planned, Stephenson was named company engineer. He convinced（说服）the owners to use steam power（蒸汽动力）instead of horse. He built the first locomotive on the line. The Locomotion, as it was called, was the best locomotive that had been built anywhere in the world up to that time. Over the years, Stephenson was responsible for many other important developments in locomotive plan, such as improved cast-iron（铸铁的）rails and wheels, and the first steel springs strong enough to carry several tons. He was called ―a railway pioneer‖.

Stephenson was convinced the future of railroads lay in steam power. His great ideas of what the railroad system could become was a driving force in the early years of its development.

65. Did Stephenson go to school when he was young?

66. What was Stephenson‘s first invention, a safety lamp or an improved wheel?

67. When was Stephenson the only man in Great Britain building locomotives?

68. What was the name of the first public railroad system?

69.Why was Stephenson called ―a railway pioneer‖?

（二）大兴

Think of life as a game in which you are playing with five balls in the air. Y ou name them work, family, health, friends and spirit (精神) and you keep all of them in the air. Y ou will soon understand that work is a rubber ball. If you drop it, it will bounce (弹跳) back.

But the other four balls, family, health, friends and spirit, are made of glasses. If you drop one of these, they will be broken. They will never be the same. Y ou must understand that and try to have balance in your life. How?

Don‘t look down on your worth by comparing yourself with others. It is because we are different and each of us is special.

Don‘t let other people set goals for you. Only you know what is best for yourself.

Don‘t give up when you still have something to give. Nothing is really over until the moment you stop trying.

Don‘t be afraid to fight difficulties. It is by taking chances that we learn how to be brave.

Don‘t shut love out of your life by saying it‘s impossible. The quickest way to receive love is to give it; the fastest way to lose love is to hold it too tightly; the best way to keep love is to give it wings.

Don‘t run through life so fast that you forget not only where you‘ve been, but also where you are going.

Don‘t be afraid to learn. Knowledge is weightless. It‘s a treasure (珍宝) you can always carry easily.

Don‘t use time or words carelessly. Y ou can‘t get them back.

Life is not a competition, but a trip, step by step.

Y esterday is history, tomorrow is a mystery (秘密), and today is a gift: that‘s why we call it ―the present‖.

65. Does the writer think of the life as a game according to the passage?

66. Is the work a rubber ball or a glass ball according to the passage?