现代语言学试卷及答案

外语系英语专业第1学期现代语言学课程考核试卷(A)考核方式: （闭卷) 考试时量：120 分钟I.Directions: Explain the following terms, usingone or two examples for illustration.(3%×5=15%)1．duality2. root3. reference4. hyponymy5. perlocutionary actⅡ. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully.Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets.(2%×15=30%)( )1. As modern linguistics aims to describe and analyze thelanguage peopleactually use, and not to lay down rules for "correct" linguistic behavior,it is said to be ___________.A、prescriptiveB、sociolinguisticC、descriptive D、psycholinguistic ( )2. In English, “pill” and “bill” are ___________.A. a phonemic contrastB. complementary distributionC. assimilation D a minimal pair ( )3. Of the three branches of phonetics, the longest established, and until recently the most highlydeveloped, is___________phonetics.A. auditoryB. acousticC. articulatoryD. none of the above three ( )4. What the element ‘-es’ indicates is third person singular, present tense, the element ‘-ed’ past tense, and ‘-ing’ progressive aspect. Since they are the smallest unit of language and meaningful, they are also___________.A. phonemesB. morphemesC. allophonesD. phones( )5 .In terms of the place of articulation, the following sounds [t][d][s][z][n] share the feature of ___________.A. palatalB. alveolarC. bilabialD. dental( )6.The fact that different languages have different words for the same object is good proof that human language is___________.A. arbitraryB.non-arbitraryC. logicalD.non-productive ( )7.The pair of words “lend”and “borrow”are ___________A.gradable antonymsB.converse antonymsC.co-hyponymsD.synonyms( )8.The function of the sentence “A nice day, isn't it?”is___________rmativeB.phaticC.directiveD.performative ( )9.The semantic components of the word “gentleman” can be expressed as___________.A.+animate,+male,+human,+adult B.+animate,+male,+human,-adultC.+animate,-male,+human,-adultD.+animate,-male ,+human,+adult( )10.The utterance "We're already working 25 hours a day, eight days a week."obviously violates the maxim of ___________.A.qualityB.quantityC.relationD.ma nner( )11. The sentence “The baby smiled.” is a___________.A. two-place predicationB. three-place predicationC. no-place predicationD. one-place predication ( )12. “John killed Bill but Bill didn’t die” is a (n) ___________.A. entailmentB. presuppositionC. anomalyD. contradiction( )13. What essentially distinguishes semantics and pragmatics is whether in the study of meaning _________ is considered.A. referenceB. speech actC. contextD. practical usage( )14. A sentence is a _________ concept, and the meaning of a sentence is often studied in isolation.A. pragmaticB. grammaticalC. mentalD. conceptual( )15. The sentence structure is _________.A. only linearB. only hierarchicalC. complexD. both linear and hierarchicalⅢ. Directions: Judge whether each of thefollowing statements is true or false. Put a Tfor true or F for false in the brackets infront of each statement. (2%×10=20%) ( )1. In modern linguistic studies, the written form of language is givenmore emphasis than the spoken form for a number of reasons. ( )2. The compound word "bookstore" is the place where books are sold. Thisindicates that the meaning of a compound is the sum total of the meanings of its components.()3. Only when a maxim under Cooperative Principle is blatantly violatedand the hearer knows that it is being violated, do conversational implicatures arise.( )4. All words may be said to contain a root morpheme. ( )5.The word “photographically” is made up of 5morph emes. ( )6. A general difference between phonetics and phonology is thatphonetics is focused on the production of speech sounds while phonology ismore concerned with how speech sounds distinguish meaning. ( )7. The relationship between the embedded clause and its matrix clause is one of a part to the whole.( )8.“The student” in the sentence “The student liked the linguistic lecture”, and “The linguistic lecture” in the sentence “The linguistic lecture liked the student.” belong to the same syntactic category.( )9. “It is raining hard” is a one-place predication sentence. ( )10. Componential analysis is based on the belief that the meaning of a word cannot be dissected into meaning components, called semantic feature.Ⅳ. Answer the following questions. (35%)1. Give the description of the following sound segments in English. (5%)[k][z][w][u:][i]2. What are the major distinctions between langue and parole? (5%)3. According to the ways antonyms differ, how many groups canwe classify antonyms into? Illustrate them with examples. (5%)4. Paraphrase the sentence “The boy saw the man with the telescope.” by drawing the constituent structure trees for each possible interpretation. (10%)5.What are the four maxims of the CP? Comment on the following conversation in terms of Grice’s Cooperative Principle:A: Where’ve you been?B: Out. 答案I. Directions: Explain the following terms, using one or two examples for illustration. (3%×5=15%)1. Duality : The duality nature of language means that language is a system, which consists of two sets of structure, or two levels, one of sounds and the other of meanings. At the lower or the basic level, there is the structure of sounds, which are meaningless, discrete, individual sounds. But the sounds of language can be combined according to rules into units of meaning such as morphemes and words2. root: A root is the base form of a word that cannot be further analyzed without total loss of identity. That is to say, it is that port of the word when all the affixes are removed.3. reference: Reference means what a linguistic form refers to in thereal, physical world; it deals with the relationship between the linguistic element and the non-linguistic world of experience.4. hyponymy: Hyponymy refers to the sense relation between a more general, more inclusive word and a more specific word.5. perlocutionary act: A perlocutionary act is the act performed by or resulting from saying something; it is the consequence of, or the change brought about by the utterance; it is the act performed by saying something.Ⅱ. Directions: Read each of the following statements carefully. Decide which one of the four choices best completes the statement and put the letter A, B, C or D in the brackets. (2%×15=30%)1-5 CDCBB 6-10 ABBAA 11-15 DDCBDⅢ. Directions: Judge whether each of the following statements is true or false. Put a T for true or F for false in the brackets in front of each statement. (2%×10=20%)1-5 FFTTF 6-10 TTTFFⅣ. Answer the following questions. (35%)1. Give the description of the following sound segments in English. (5%) [k]: voiceless, stop, velar[z]: voiced, alveolar, fricative[w]: bilabial, approximant[u:]: back, lax, rounded, high[i]: front, tense, unrounded, high2. What are the major distinctions between langue and parole? (5%)Langue refers to the abstract linguistic system shared by all the members of a speech community, and parole refers to the realization of langue in actual use. Langue is the set of conventions and rules which language users all have to follow while parole is the concrete use of the conventions and the application of the rules. Langue is abstract; it is not the language people actually use, but parole is concrete; it refers to the naturally occurring language events. Langue is relatively stable. it does not change frequently; while parole varies from person to person, and from situation to situation.3. According to the ways antonyms differ, how many groups can we classify antonyms into? Illustrate them with examples. (5%)Gradable antonymy Complementary antonymy Converse antonymy4. Paraphrase the sentence “The boy saw the man with the telesc ope.” by drawing the constituent structure trees for each possible interpretation. (10%) omitted5. What are the four maxims of the CP? Comment on the following conversation in terms of Grice’s Cooperative Principle: (10%)A: Where’ve you been?B: Out. Quality maxims Quantity maxims Manner maximsRelation maxims。