英语国家概况 英国议会和政府(汇总)

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2.2英国的议会和政府

2.2英国的议会和政府

小结:英国君主立宪制的结构特点
英王 议会 内阁 “虚位元首” 最高立法机关 最高行政机关 形式上的权力 礼仪性的职能 立法者 监督者 从议会产生 对议会负责
本课总结
英 国 的 议 会 和 政 府 议会
地位及影响 构成及权限 权力的变化
内阁与首相 君主立宪制 的实质
内阁的权力 首相的权力
实质 表现
英国国王、议会和内阁三者之间的关系比较
比较 国王 议会
最高立法 机关
内阁
最高行政机 关
区 别
在 国 家 政 形式上的国家 治 生 活 中 元首和武装部 的 地 位 不 队总司令 同
权力与职 能不同
联系
立法权、 主要行使国 主要行使形 监督权、 家的行政权 式上的国家 司法权等 力 元首职权 ①在形式上国王有权任免首相和停止、解散 议会,国王可以对首相行使磋商权和警告权, 以制约首相权力 ②内阁受议会监督并对议会负责 ③首相有权建议国王解散议会,宣布重新大选
专题二
君主立宪制和民主共和制: 以英国和法国为例
2.2英国的议会和政府
威斯敏斯特宫(Palace of Westminster),又称议会大厦(Houses of Parliament)是英国议会(包括上议院和下议院)的所在地。
学习目标
1、知道英国议会被称为“议会之母”的缘由; 2、了解英国议会的结构及其职权; 3、知道内阁与首相的产生、地位和职权;
唐宁街10号 (No. 10 Downing Street) 建于1680年,18世纪以来为 英国历届首相官邸和办公处。唐宁街为 17世纪后半叶由唐宁爵士开发建筑的私 人住宅街道,后来保留了四所住宅。 1733年,英国王将10号辟为首相官邸。 11号现为财政大臣官邸,12号是财政大 臣的办公室。 唐宁街本可自由出入。2001年 “ 9· 11”事件后为防恐怖分子袭击时,在 街口设禁。

英国概况之政府

英国概况之政府
精品资料
The Parliament
• The Dispute over the Power of King VS Parliament • 1). James I/ Charles I/ Charles II / James II tried to
govern without the consent of parliament
精品资料
• The system of parliamentary government is not based on a written constitution. The British constitution is not set out in any single document. It is made up of statute law, common law and conventions. The Judiciary determines common law and interprets statutes.
• 3)Parliament passed the Bill of Rights in 1689, which
ensured that the King would never be able to ignore Parliament.
精品资料
functions: passes laws voting for taxation scrutinize government policy, administration and expenditure and to
Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats
精品资料
Queen Elizabeth II
the title: Elizabeth II, her title in the United Kingdom is “Elizabeth

英语国家概况 第7章 英国政治

英语国家概况 第7章 英国政治

1)英国不是联邦制国家,而是单一制国家。

在单一制国家里,只有一个组织拥有职权,处理当地所有的事务。

2)它是君主立宪制和议会民主制的结合。

君主立宪是一种政体,君主作为国家元首,在宪法指导下处理事务,无论是成文的宪法还是混合宪法。

君主立宪政体有时被称为有限君主制、加冕的共和制或议会君主制。

3)在英国,国家元首是在位的国王或女王,政府首脑是首相,他是下议院多数党领袖。

The British constitution is only partly written. It is made up ofstatute law, common law and conventions(成文法,习惯法和公约). It is more flexible than the written constitution of other countries.1)组成:英国宪法只有一部分成文规定。

它是由成文法、习惯法和惯例组成。

它比其他国家的成文宪法更灵活。

the legislature, the executive, and the judiciary (立法,行政和司法).2)政府的主要组成部分:立法,行政和司法the lord chancellor(大法官) is a member of all three branches.He serves as a member of the cabinet (内阁)(executive branch), as the government’s leader in the House of Lords (上议院) (legislative branch), and as the head of the country ’s judiciary(国家司法体系)(judicial branch).3)机关之间的重叠:大法官同时任职于三个机关。

他是内阁成员(执行机关),担任上议院议长(立法机关)以及国家司法部门(司法机关)的领导。

英语国家概况——英国

英语国家概况——英国

Wales 威尔士地区

位于大不列颠岛西南,东接英格兰,西濒爱尔兰海 2万多平方公里 人口:277.5 万 主要城市:Cardiff 加迪夫,首府 主要农牧区:羊业、乳牛、园艺业 主要工业:采煤和钢铁 其他工业:机械制造、航空、化学、炼油 Milford 米尔福德港,欧洲最大油港之一和炼油中心
人文小篇——英国绅士

英国绅士
不给他人添麻烦的绅士,讲究卫生,尊重女性,注重仪表, 绅士情结——晚礼服;绅士情结—牛津鞋;绅士与帽子; 最大特征:保守,礼貌,尊敬女士
骑士——马术运动 骑士精 Beef(烤牛肉) Yorkshire Pudding(约克郡布丁) Steak(牛排) Kidney Pie (牛腰馅饼). curry(咖喱). 煎培根
Triumvirate
三权分立 立法权:议会 行政权:政府 司法权:法院 是资本主义国家标榜“民主”制度的一大特征

英国议会 The Parliament

政治的中心舞台,是英国的最高立法机关。 议会大厦:威斯敏斯特宫 上院——贵族院 下院——平民院

下院




选举产生,任届五年,期满全 部改选。 选举权:没有被法律取消选举 资格年满18岁公民 被选举权:年满21岁以上的公 民 议员:在650个议席中,保守
森林

中世纪早期,本有茂密树林,工业发展与战争,森林严重破坏。 现森林总面积约为308万公顷,占本土面积12.6% 。 英国森林资源仅能满足全国对木材及木材制品需求的10%, 以来进口 木材,政府鼓励植树造林,减少进口依赖。
自然资源


欧盟中能源资源最丰富的国家 ,主要有煤、石油、天然气、核能和 水力等 。 能源产业在英经济中占有重要地位 。 2010年天然气产量为664百万兆瓦时,原油产量6300万吨,煤炭产量 1780万吨,总发电量达381万亿瓦时,2/3发电量来自煤和天然气。英 国现有10座核电站,其发电量在2010年占英国总发电量的16%,根据 现有计划,到2025年,英国40%的电力供应将来自核能。

英语国家概况 总结

英语国家概况 总结

BritainGovernmentThe Legislature●The United Kingdom is a parliamentary democracy with a constitutional monarch.● A king or queen is the head of state, and a prime minister is the head of government.●The people vote in elections for Members of Parliament (MPs) to represent them.●Consists of the House of Lords, the House of Commons, and the Crown.●Head of Government: Prime Minister●Parliament (659 in House of Commons, more than 660 in House of Lords)●Highest Court: House of Lords (Lord Chancellor is head of judiciary)●V oting Qualifications: All citizens age 18 and overThe Executive●The chief executive is the prime minister, who is a member of the House of Commons.●The executive branch also includes Her Majesty’s Government, commonly referred tosimply as “the government.”●The government is composed of ministers in the Cabinet, most of whom are members of theHouse of Commons; government departments, each of which is responsible to a minister;local authorities; and public corporations.●The prime minister presides over the Cabinet and selects the other Cabinet members, whojoin him or her to form the government that is part of the functioning executive.●Acting through the Cabinet and in the name of the monarch, the prime minister exercises allof the theoretical powers of the Crown, including making appointments.●Two key doctrines of Cabinet government are collective responsibility and ministerialresponsibility.The Judiciary●Judges are appointed from among practicing lawyers.●Barristers or advocates advise on legal problems and present cases in the lay justices' and jurycourts.●Solicitors represent individual and corporate clients and appear in the lay justices' courts.●Lay justices need no legal qualifications but are trained to give them sufficient knowledge ofthe law.EducationPrimary and Secondary Education●Up to age 5, children may have some pre-primary schooling in nursery schools, daycare orplay groups.●Between the ages of 5 to 11, pupils mainly attend state sector primary schools. Theseschools are called co-educated or mixed schools because they admit both boys and girls.●From the age of 11 up to around the age of 19, students attend secondary schools. More than80% of pupils in secondary students in England and Wales attend mixed schools ; 60% in Northern Ireland; Scotland, nearly all.Higher education●only one privately funded university: the University of Buckingham●oldest universities:1) England—Oxford (12th C.) and Cambridge (13th C.)2) Scotland: St Andrews, Glasgow, Edinburgh and Aberdeen from 14th and 15th centuriesIrelandGovernment●After independence from the Great Britain, Ireland takes a polity mixed with both the Britainand the United States●The Government is headed by President, not the Queen.●The President appoints the Prime Minister, not necessarily the head of the Party in power.●The Cabinet is organized by 16 Ministers of the Government assigned by the Prime Minister ●The legislation is interpreted by a hierarchy of courts●The executive branch of the country, checked by the legislature and the judiciary●the parliament and the legal system●Education●Irish educational system is among the cheapest and best in Europe.●In Ireland, education is compulsory for children aged 6 to 15.●Primary education 6-12●Secondary education 12-18●Higher educationAmericaGovernmentThe United States of America is a constitutional, representative democracy. Power in the US ultimately derives from the citizens of the country. The nation’s leaders are chosen by elections every few years.The Constitution of the United States is the foundational document of America which forms the basis of the laws in the US and lays out the structure of the government.The constitution divides the government into three branches:The Legislative branch: The congress of the United States is laid out in two houses, the upper house or Senate, and the lower house or the House of Representatives.The Executive Branch: The executive branch of the US government is composed of the President of the United States and the Federal Bureaucracy, or all of the people who work for the President.Judicial Branch: The United States federal court system makes up the Judicial Branch of the US government. This includes federal courts, federal appeals courts, and the US Supreme Court.Education●Primary schoolAmerican children start school at the age of five years. The first year at school is called kindergarten.●Secondary schoolSecondary school most commonly consists of a total of seven years, referred to as sixth through twelfth grades●Undergraduate schoolUndergraduate school offers either a two-year degree or a four-year degree in a specific course of major.●Graduate schoolStudents who have obtained a bachelor’s degree can continue their education by pursuing one of two types of degrees.CanadaGovernment●Canada’s system of government was based on the British system of parliamentarydemocracy,which is referred to as “west minster-style”democracy●The official head of state is the Queen,who is also the queen of other former British colonies ●The Queen is represented by an official called a Governor-general●Both the queen and the Governor general occupy roles which are largely ceremonial●MPs—generally all belong to political parties●Prime minister—the party that wins the most seats forms the government and the party leaderbecome Prime Minister, the most important person in Canadian government●The Cabinet—chosen by the prime minister,consists of senior MPs from the governingparty●The Senate—appointed by the governor general,who acts on the recommendation of theprime minister.●--not like the US Senate,but analogou to the House of Lords in UKEducation●the mandatory of school is continued to the age of 16 (some is 18).●children start to go to the kindergarten at the age of 5.●after finished the programs in kindergarten, children will go to Elementary & juniorhigh/middle school.●Before going to college, people sometimes will have a program called 'victory lap' to getready to the college studying●In college, students will get Bachelor's degree then they will decide whether they will have afarther study for a Master's or a Doctorate degree.AustraliaGovernment●Government system: reflects both the British and North American models of liberaldemocracy but with unique Australian characteristics.●Three branches: the legislature, the executive and the judiciary.●The House of Representatives (Lower House)✧150 members✧Functions: It determines the government, debates and passes laws, watches over governmentadministration and expenditure, and provides a forum for public debate on issues of national importance.✧The House's other roles: debate proposed laws, watch over government expenditure,including through its committee system, and to provide a forum for public debate on issues of national importance.●The Senate✧ A check on the government of the day. It consists of 76 senators ( 12 from each state and 2from each territory)✧An equal number of senators regardless of its population✧The Senate conducts much of its work including the budget estimates accountability process.●Parties✧Major political parties:✧The Australian Labour Party(ALP) & the Coalition (the Liberals & the Nationals)✧Governor General –representative of the QueenEducation●Australia has a well-developed educational system with a very high rate of participation andsecondary completion.●Education in Australia is primarily the responsibility of the individual states.●Each state government manages the school system within their state. This means that theyprovide funds and regulation for their schools.●The education system in Australia is divided into five areas:PreschoolPrimary schoolSecondary/high schoolCareer and vocational institutionsUniversity and other tertiary institutionsNew ZealandGovernment●Independent State●Constitutional monarchy with a parliamentary democracy●No written constitution, but the Constitution Act of 1986 defines the structure of thegovernment.●Three branches of government●Legislative (parliament)●Executive (departments and agencies)●Judicial (courts)●Head of State: Queen Elizabeth II, represented by a Governor-General●The Legislaturedeveloped from the British parliamentary system known as the Westminster system of government,and is the law-making body of the New Zealand government.Consists of Sovereign and House of Representatives●The executive-The branch of the New Zealand government is made of the Cabinet ,the Prime Minister and the public sector .-The Governor General is appointed by the Sovereign on the Prime Minister's recommendation for a term of five years.●The judiciaryThe Judiciary applies the law by hearing and deciding cases. It is made up of judges and judicial officersThe judiciary (court system) is independent of the governmentEducation●Education is freely available to everyone. Nearly all schools are run by the stae. All these public school are secular and free●New Zealand offers a wide range of early childhood agencies,namely kindergratens,playcenters,preschools,etc.●Schooling in New Zealand is compulsory for all children aged 6 to 16.Most children start atage 5.●New Zealand secondary education covers Years 9 to 13. Most secondary schools aregovernment-established.●Tertiary education institutions in New Zealand include universities of technology andpolytechnics ,colleges ,Maori tertiary educational institutions and various training establishments。

英美概况(个人总结)

英美概况(个人总结)

独立战争the war of independence
1774年,第一届大陆国会continental congress在费城philadelphia召开,呼吁抵制英国货
1775年,lexington(列克星敦)和concord(康科德)打仗独立战争开始。同年,第二届大陆会议在费城召开,乔治?华盛顿为领导人
中美关系
1972年,Nixon总统访华,签署上海公报Shanghai Communique。1979年,中美建交。
美国宪法起草于1789年,世界上最早的成文宪法。共有7个articles。
Articla I,the Legislative Article立法
只有国会有权立法,two-chamber system,包括senate参议院,house of representatives众议院。参议院100人,每个州来两人,众议院基于每个州的人口比例设立席位。
文艺复兴运动 The English Renaissance
文艺复兴是中世纪到现代的过渡时期,从1350-1650,有300年,从意大利发起,达芬奇等人为代表。在这段时期,罗马教会经历新教改革,人文主义兴起,海外探索(大航海时代?)。
英国内战 The Civil Wars
是国王和议会间的战争,Norttingham King Charles和议会开战,国王军是Cavaliers(骑士),议会军是Roundheads(圆颅党),因为他们短发。查尔斯战败,克伦威尔Cromwell称王。英国内战又称清教徒革命,因为国王的反对者多是清教徒Puritan。清教徒是基督教新教中的一派。这场战争颠覆了英国的封建制度,甚至动摇了欧洲的封建制度,被认为是世界现代史的开端。
议会组成

专题二 第二框 英国议会和政府

专题二 第二框 英国议会和政府

一种形式 ④英国君主立宪制是一种资本主义民主政体
A.①②
B.①②③
C.②④
D.②③④
解析:本题考查对君主立宪制的认识,①说法错误,君主立宪制实质上为资产阶级服务;③说法错误, 英王是资产阶级的代表,②④正确,故选C。 答案:C
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Thank You
D项,其他表述都是错误的。
答案:D
内阁与首相
[识记·探究层级]
1.内阁的形成 按照惯例,议会大选后,即由国王召见 负责。
领袖,任命其为首相并授权组阁。首相和内阁要向 多数党
议会
2.内阁的权力
内阁权力很大,主要有:制定 政策;向议会提交议案以及需要议会审议的政策;行使最高
权力;协调和确定政府各部门
、财政权和
,是行政权力的最高来源。
至尊议会 监督权
最高立法
立法权
(3)上院在议会体系中只起 作用,表现在监督辅下助院工作、协助下院立法、通过行使“
”修改或否决议案等方面。 3.英国议会的现状
延搁权
(1)20世纪以来,英国议会的实际权力不断

在决策、立法、财政等方面的作用越来越大,甚至议会的工作日程也受到
;在国家处于紧急状态时内,外采取紧急行动;必要时宣布提前大选。
3.首相的权力 行政
(1)根据惯例,首相拥有非常广泛的权力,可以说集党、政、军大权于一身。
(2)英国首相的权力虽职然权很大,但仍要受到种种

制约
[理解·应用层级]
1.正确理解内阁与首相 (1)明确英国内阁与首相的基本含义,不能把二者混为一谈。①英国内阁,是英国政府的核心领导机关。 按照惯例,议会大选后即由国王召见多数党领袖,任命其为首相并授权组织内阁。内阁权力很大,但内阁 人员名单必须请国王任命,首相和内阁要向议会负责。②英国首相是内阁首脑,按惯例由英国国王任命的 议会下院多数党领袖担任。 (2)不能把内阁等同于政府。①内阁只是英国政府的核心领导机关,是英国政府的重要组成部分,而不 是全部。②英国政府包含着内阁。它范围广泛、体系庞大、机构和人员更多。

英美概况(英国)

英美概况(英国)

1.英国全称:the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland2.英国由四个部分组成,它们是:England ,Scotland ,Wales and Northern Ireland3.英国历史上的三次外族入侵:43AD the Roman Empire ,the late 8th century Scandinavia created a certain cultural divide between northerners and southerners in England ,1066 Normans William took the English throne ,and became William the First4.英国内战时间:1640双方:the Roundheads led by Oliver Cromwell ,the royalists led by Charles 1结果:the royalists armies were defeated and King Charles 1 was executed in 16495.“君权神授”的含义:“divine right of kings”means the sovereign derived his authority from God ,not from his subjects6.英国政府的三个组成部分及其职责:the Monarch :to symbolize the tradition and unity of the British statesthe Parliament :to vote for taxation ;scrutinize government policy ,administration and expenditure ;debate the major issues of the daythe Cabinet :to carry out the functions of policy-making ,the coordination of government departments and the supreme control of government7.英国的“大宪章”(Magna Carta)由哪位君主在什么时候签署,其内容是什么King John ,1215 ,placed some limits on the king’s ability to abuse his royal power8.英国的“权利法案”(the Bill of Rights )被通过的时间:16899.议会的组成及其成员:the queensthe House of Lords :the Lords Spiritual who are the Archbishops and the most important bishops of the church of England ,and the Lords Temporal which refers to those lords who either have inherited from their forefathers or they have been appointedthe House of Commons :about 650 MPs (members of Parliament ) elected by the people to represent them10.内阁元首:prime minister11.英国大选多长时间举行一次,选出了什么,其目的是什么every 5 years ,to elect about 650 members of Parliament ,to provide opportunities for people to influence future government policies and to replace those incompetent political leaders12.英国的两个主要政党:the Conservative party ,the Labour party13.英国社会的两个主要阶层,如何划分这两个阶层middle class ,working classbased on economy and education14.自1979之后英国历任首相及其任职时间:Marganet Thatcher 1979~1990 ConservativeJohn Major 1990~1997 ConservativeTony Blair 1997~2007 LabourGordon Brown 2007 ~至今Labour15.工业革命之父是谁,及其发明是什么James Walt ,steam engine16 .工业革命开始的标志:Jennifer’s hand-spinning machine17.英国教育的三个阶段及两个分枝primary education (5—11 years old ),secondary education (11-plus examination ,namely ,grammer school and comprehensive school ) ,higher educationstate school and private school18.英国最古老的报纸:the Observer (the world’s oldest national newspaper),the Times(British oldest daily newspaper)19.报纸的两大分类:the quality papers ,tabloid20.英国最大的广播公司:the British Broadcasting Corporation (BBC)21.Christmas 和Easter的意义:Christmas commemorates the birth of Jesus Christ .It is the biggest and most loved British holiday. Easter commemorates the Crucifixion and Resurrection of Jesus Christ. It is the most important Christian festival .22,英国文学:early writing :Geoffrey Chaucer ,《The Canterbury Tales》Elizabethan Drama:William Shakespeare, 《Romeo and Juliet》,《Hamlet》,《Othello》,《King Lear》,《Macbeth》the 17th century :John Milton,《Paradise Lost》,《Paradise Regained》,《Samson Agonistes》the 18th century :Jonathan Swift ,《Gulliver’s Travels》Daniel Defoe ,《Robinson Crusoe》the 19th century :Jane Austen ,《Sense and Sensibility》,《Pride and Prejudice》,《Emma》Bronte sisters,——Charlotte Bronte ,《Jane Eyre》Emily Bronte ,《Wuthering Heights》Ann BronteCharles Dickens,《Oliver Twist》,《David Copperfield》,《Great Expectation》。

英语国家概况知识点(绝对全)

英语国家概况知识点(绝对全)

英语国家概况知识点(绝对全)第一部分英国第一章英国地理1. The official name of the United Kingdom is the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.2. There are three political divisions on the islands of Great Britain: England, Scotland and Wales.3. About a hund red years ago, Britain ruled an empire that had one fourth of the world’s people and one fourth of the world’s land area.4. The Britain Empire was replaced by the Britain commonwealth in 1931,which is a free association of independent counties that were once colonies of Britain.5. Britain is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel in the south and the North Sea in the east.6. Britain has, for centuries, been tilting with the northwest slowly rising, and the southeast slowly sinking. The north and west of Britain are mainly highlands. The southeast and east are mainly lowlands.7. The pennies, a range of hills running from north midlands to Scottish border, are the principal mountain chain.8. Ben Nevis in Scotland is the highest mountain in Britain, and the Lough Neagh in Northern Ireland is the largest lake in Britain.9. There are three natural zones in Scotland: the highlands in the north, the central lowlands, and the southern uplands. The lowlands in the center comprise mostly the forth and Clyde valleys.10. Edinburgh, Cardiff and Belfast are the capitals of Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.11. Scotland has about 800 islands, including the Orkney, Shetlands and Hebrides.苏格兰有800座岛屿,包括奥克内群岛,谢特兰群岛和赫不里德群岛。

英语国家概况Chapter4 Parliament and Government

英语国家概况Chapter4 Parliament and Government
Countries
IV. Government
1. Departments P29 24 government departments offices, ministries and departments
the Home Office 内政部 Ministry of Defense 国防部 the Chacellor of the Exchequer财务大臣
Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press
A Guide to English-Speaking
Countries
The House of Commons
Center of parliamentary power
Three major functions
State opening of the Parliament
Royal assent to new law
Meeting with the Prime Minister at Buckingham Palace
Pay state visits to Commonwealth countries as head of state and non-Commonwealth countries on behalf of the British government
government) with the approval of Parliament.
Strictly speaking, the parliament consists of
the King or Queen, the House of Lords (上议
院), the House of Commons (下议院)

英语国家概况(英国部分)

英语国家概况(英国部分)

Chapt ‎e r 1 The Land and Histo ‎r y英国全称大‎不列颠及北‎爱尔兰联合‎王国,由英格兰、苏格兰、威尔士及北‎爱尔兰构成‎,位于大西洋‎东部的不列‎颠群岛,是个岛屿国‎家,由大不列颠‎岛,爱尔兰岛北‎部和众多小‎岛组成。

面积约24‎.40万平方‎公里,人口超过6‎400万(2013年‎)。

英国属于温‎带海洋气候‎,常年温和多‎雨,气候多变。

受高纬度因‎素的影响,有类似极昼‎极夜的现象‎,冬季日短夜‎长,夏季日长夜‎短。

公元前30‎00年左右‎,伊比亚人最‎先到达大不‎列颠岛。

随后,比克利人、凯尔特人相‎继来到不列‎颠。

公元前1世‎纪到公元5‎世纪,罗马入侵。

罗马人撤离‎后,欧洲北部的‎盎格鲁撒克‎逊人和以丹‎麦人为主体‎的斯堪的纳‎维亚先后入‎侵。

到了106‎6年,诺曼底公爵‎威廉征服了‎英格兰,英国的封建‎制度正式形‎成。

1215年‎,国王约翰被‎迫签订了大‎宪章。

不久,议会制度形‎成,从此英国的‎王权被不断‎削弱和限制‎。

1688年‎,―光荣革命‖爆发,确立了君主‎立宪制。

18世纪后‎期到19世‎纪前期,英国成为世‎界上第一个‎开始并完成‎工业革命的‎国家。

19世纪是‎英国发展的‎鼎盛时期,分别建立了‎第一大英帝‎国和第二大‎英帝国。

到二战前夕‎,英国统治了‎世界约1/4的土地。

第一次世界‎大战以及第‎二次世界大‎战的爆发,导致英国的‎政治、经济势力大‎为削弱,失去了霸权‎地位。

随着其殖民‎地的相继独‎立,20世纪6‎0年代,大英帝国彻‎底瓦解。

I. Gener ‎a l Intro ‎d ucti ‎o n1. Locat ‎i on and the Four Natio ‎n s The full name of the UK is the Unite ‎d Kingd ‎o m of Great ‎ Brita ‎i n and North ‎e rn Irela ‎n d. It is made up of four natio ‎n s: Engla ‎n d, Scotl ‎a nd, North ‎e rn Irela ‎n d, and Wales ‎. It is locat ‎e d to the north ‎w est of conti ‎n enta ‎l Europ ‎e , separ ‎a ted by the Engli ‎s h Chann ‎e l. Geogr ‎a phic ‎a lly, it is an islan ‎d count ‎r y, cover ‎i ng an area of about ‎ 244,019 km 2, and consi ‎s ts of Great ‎ Brita ‎i n and north ‎e aste ‎r n part of Irela ‎n d, toget ‎h er with many small ‎ islan ‎d s of Briti ‎s h Isles ‎. Great ‎ Brita ‎i n accou ‎n ts for over 90% of the count ‎r y’s‎total ‎ landm ‎a ss. It is the large ‎s t islan ‎d off the north ‎w este ‎r n coast ‎ of mainl ‎a nd Europ ‎e with Engla ‎n d, Scotl ‎a nd and Wales ‎ on it. Irela ‎n d is the secon ‎d large ‎s t islan ‎d of Briti ‎s h Isles ‎ locat ‎e d to the north ‎w est of Great ‎ Brita ‎i n. It is divid ‎e d into two parts ‎: North ‎e rn Irela ‎n d and the Repub ‎l ic of Irela ‎n d (an indep ‎e nden ‎t count ‎r y).Engla ‎n d is the large ‎s t part of the UK and occup ‎i es most of the south ‎e rn two third ‎s of Great ‎ Brita ‎i n. The total ‎area of Engla ‎n d is 130,410 km 2 with a popul ‎a tion ‎ of aroun ‎d 53.9 milli ‎o n (Mid-2013 estim ‎a ted), which ‎ cover ‎s morethan 84% of the total ‎ UK popul ‎a tion ‎. It is the most popul ‎o us and highl ‎y urban ‎i zed part of the UK . Londo ‎n , the capit ‎a l of the UK and Engla ‎n d, as well as the seat of gover ‎n ment ‎, is locat ‎e d in its south ‎e aste ‎rn part.Map of Briti ‎s h Isles ‎Scotl‎a nd is the secon‎d large‎s t and most mount‎a inou‎s part of the UK in the north‎of Great‎Brita‎i n. Compa‎r ed with that of Engla‎n d, the popul‎a tion‎densi‎t y is quite‎low. There‎are only 5.3 milli‎o n peopl‎e with an area of 78,789 km2. Edinb‎u rgh, its large‎s t city, is the capit‎a l of Scotl‎a nd. Scotl‎a nd is famou‎s for its beaut‎i ful natur‎a l scene‎r y, such as Scott‎i s h Highl‎a nds1and Loch Ness2, as well as many histo‎r ical‎place‎s, like the Edinb‎u rgh Castl‎e s.Wales‎is on the weste‎r n side of centr‎a l south‎e rn Great‎Brita‎i n. The total‎area of Wales‎is 20,779 km2, which‎accou‎n ts for 1/4 parts‎of the UK. It is also a mount‎a inou‎s part of Great‎Brita‎i n, parti‎c ular‎l y in the north‎and centr‎a l regio‎n s. The south‎e ast regio‎n is the most built‎up regio‎n of Wales‎, and the major‎i ty of its popul‎a tion‎live there‎and a large‎propo‎r tion‎of its indus‎t ry is based‎there‎. Its capit‎a l city, Cardi‎f f, is also in this regio‎n.North‎e rn Irela‎n d lies in the north‎e ast of the islan‎d of Irela‎n d, cover‎i ng14‎,139 km2, which‎const‎i tute‎s 1/6 of the islan‎d. It is the small‎e st part among‎the four natio‎n s of the UK, as well as the secon‎d spars‎e ly popul‎a ted part after‎Scotl‎a nd. The capit‎a l is Belfa‎s t, the large‎s t city in North‎e rn Irela‎n d both in popul‎a tion‎and in area. It is the cente‎r for gover‎n ment‎,econo‎m ic, arts, highe‎r educa‎t ion, busin‎e ss, law of North‎e rn Irela‎n d. Addit‎i onal‎l y, it is the birth‎p lace‎of Titan‎i c, and voted‎one of the world‎’s‎top‎desti‎n atio‎n s.2. Clima‎t eThe overa‎l l clima‎t e in the UK is tempe‎r ate marit‎i me, which‎means‎that it is mild with tempe‎r atur‎e s neith‎e r much lower‎than 0℃ in winte‎r nor much highe‎r 32℃ in summe‎r. Gener‎a lly, the UK has warm summe‎r s and cool winte‎r s, with July and Augus‎t as the warme‎s t month‎, and Janua‎r y and Febru‎a ry as the colde‎s t. Howev‎e r, due to the influ‎e nce of Gulf Strea‎m3, the summe‎r s are coole‎r than those‎in conti‎n ent while‎the winte‎r s are milde‎r. Norma‎l ly, the tempe‎r atur‎e in summe‎r is aroun‎d20℃,with the high rarel‎y going‎above‎30℃. The avera‎g e tempe‎r atur‎e in winte‎r is aroun‎d 0℃ and seldo‎m go below‎-10℃ even in the most north‎e rn part of the count‎r y.Meanw‎h ile, since‎Brita‎i n is an islan‎d count‎r y and surro‎u nded‎by the sea, the clima‎t e is consi‎d erab‎l y chang‎e able‎compa‎r ed with other‎count‎r ies. Since‎the varia‎b le clima‎t e chang‎i ng day to day, it is hard for peopl‎e to predi‎c t what the weath‎e r will be like the next day. Addit‎i onal‎l y, the uniqu‎e geogr‎a phic‎a l posit‎i on is also the reaso‎n for the dampn‎e ss of the clima‎t e. The rainf‎a ll is fairl‎y distr‎i bute‎d throu‎g hout‎the year. Altho‎u gh it does not rain every‎day, it is alway‎s advis‎a ble for peopl‎e to bring‎an umbre‎l la or water‎p roof‎cloth‎i ng every‎day.II. Histo‎r y1. The Found‎i ng of the Natio‎nThe recor‎d ed histo‎r y of the UK begin‎s with the Roman‎invas‎i on in 55BC. In 55 and 54BC, Brita‎i n was twice‎invad‎e d by Juliu‎s Caesa‎r and his Roman‎troop‎s. Howev‎e r, it was not until‎43AD that the Roman‎led by Claud‎i us I final‎l y succe‎s sful‎l y invad‎e d and Brita‎i n becam‎e part of the Roman‎Empir‎e. The nativ‎e Celti‎c were drive‎n to the mount‎a in regio‎n s of Scotl‎a nd and Wales‎, which‎remai‎n ed uncon‎q uere‎d by the Roman‎s.The Roman‎s have great‎impac‎t on many aspec‎t s of the Briti‎s h cultu‎r e. The Roman‎civil‎i zati‎o n was intro‎d uced‎to the Brita‎i n durin‎g this perio‎d. For examp‎l e, Roman‎style‎baths‎and templ‎e s were built‎, citie‎s like Londo‎n and towns‎were const‎r ucte‎d, and the syste‎m of gover‎n ment‎was also intro‎d uced‎. With the decli‎n e of the Roman‎Empir‎e, when the Germa‎n ic troop‎s attac‎k ed Rome in 410 A.D., the Roman‎s had to withd‎r aw in order‎to prote‎c t their‎own natio‎n, which‎led to the end of Roman‎occup‎a tion‎.After‎the leave‎of the Roman‎s, three‎group‎s of Germa‎n ic tribe‎s calle‎d the Jutes‎, the Angle‎s and the Saxon‎s came to Brita‎i n from the Europ‎e an conti‎n ent in the mid-4th centu‎r y. They conqu‎e red diffe‎r ent regio‎n s of Brita‎i n:1Scott‎i sh Highl‎a nds:苏格兰高地‎,是对苏格兰‎高地边界断‎层以西和以‎北的山地的‎称,被认为是欧‎洲风景最优‎美的地区。

英语国家概况(中英)(57页)

英语国家概况(中英)(57页)

英语国家概况(An Overview ofEnglishSpeaking Countries)一、英国(United Kingdom)1. 地理位置:英国位于欧洲大陆的西北边缘,由大不列颠岛、北爱尔兰和若干小岛组成。

2. 首都:伦敦(London),是英国的政治、经济、文化和交通中心。

3. 官方语言:英语4. 人口:约6600万,其中英格兰占最大比例。

5. 国旗:英国国旗被称为“米字旗”,由蓝、白、红三种颜色组成。

6. 经济:英国是世界上发达国家之一,拥有强大的金融、工业和科技实力。

7. 教育体系:英国教育体系享誉世界,牛津、剑桥等世界知名学府坐落于此。

8. 文化特色:英国有着丰富的历史文化底蕴,如莎士比亚、牛顿、披头士乐队等均诞生于此。

同时,英国也是现代足球的发源地。

二、美国(United States of America)1. 地理位置:美国位于北美洲,东临大西洋,西濒太平洋,南接墨西哥湾和加勒比海,北邻加拿大。

2. 首都:华盛顿特区(Washington, D.C.),是美国政治中心。

3. 官方语言:英语4. 人口:约3.3亿,是世界上第三人口大国。

5. 国旗:美国国旗被称为“星条旗”,由红、白、蓝三种颜色组成。

6. 经济:美国是全球最大的经济体,拥有强大的科技创新能力和金融市场。

7. 教育体系:美国教育资源丰富,世界顶尖大学如哈佛、斯坦福等均位于此。

8. 文化特色:美国文化多元化,涵盖了欧洲、亚洲、非洲等多种文化元素。

好莱坞电影、NBA篮球、美式足球等在全球具有广泛影响力。

三、加拿大(Canada)1. 地理位置:加拿大位于北美洲北部,东临大西洋,西濒太平洋,北接北冰洋,南邻美国。

2. 首都:渥太华(Ottawa),是加拿大的政治中心。

3. 官方语言:英语和法语4. 人口:约3800万,是世界上面积第二大国家。

5. 国旗:加拿大国旗被称为“枫叶旗”,由红、白两色组成。

6. 经济:加拿大经济发达,资源丰富,特别是石油、天然气和矿产资源。

英语国家概况名词解释英国篇

英语国家概况名词解释英国篇

Chapter5 ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
The Reform Act of 1832改革法案:(1)It’s also known as the Greater Charter of 1832, it was passed by Parliament in 1832.(2)According to the Act, “rotten boroughs” were abolished, and parliament seats were redistributed more fairly among the growing industrial towns.(3)It also gave the vote to many householder and tenants who were required to have certain property.
The English Renaissance英国文艺复兴:(1)Renaissance was a cultural movement in Europe from the 14th century to the 16th century.(2)It originated in Italy and began to come to England in the late 15th century.(3)The English Renaissance was largely literary, and achieved its finest expression in poetry, drama and prose.(4)The greatest literary writer of the English Renaissance was William Shakespeare.

英语国家概况_英国议会和政府(汇总)

英语国家概况_英国议会和政府(汇总)

British Parliament
The House of Lords
The House of Lords consists of the Lords Spiritual (神职议员), who are the Archbishops and most prominent bishops of the Church of England; and the Lords Temporal (世俗议员), those who either have inherited the seat from their forefathers (hereditary peers世袭贵族) or (life peers终身贵族)have been appointed. The lords mainly represent themselves instead of the interests of the public.
British Parliament
Britain is divided into constituencies (选区). Each of the constituencies returns one member to the House of Commons. The party which holds a majority of those “seats” in parliament forms the government, with its party leader as the Prime Minister. After a government has been in power for 5 years it has to resign and hold a “general election”.

英美概况知识点中英版本(精细整理)

英美概况知识点中英版本(精细整理)

英美概况知识点Part 1.英国的全称为:The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,这就是英国的英文全称,有时候也可以称:The United Kingdom。

一.英国四部分是英格兰(England),首都伦敦(London),英格兰是英国面积最大、人口最多、经济最发达的一个部分。

(England is the largest, most populous and most economically developed part of Britain.)苏格兰(Scotland),首都爱丁堡(Edingburgh)威尔士(Wales),首都卡迪夫(Cadiff)北爱尔兰(Northern Ireland)、首都贝尔法斯特(Belfast)。

英国人凯尔特人(凯尔特人)作为英国本土人。

凯尔特部落从公元前750年左右从欧洲穿越而来。

C、凯尔特部落的盖尔人主要定居在北方(现代苏格兰人和爱尔兰人的祖先)。

凯尔特人的英国人。

部落(现代威尔士人的祖先),生活在原始社会。

Celts(凯尔特人)taken_as the nativeșin Britain. The Celtic tribes crossed from Europe from about 750B. C. the Gaels of the Celtic tribes mainly settled in the north (the modern Scottish and Irish's ancestors). the Britons of the Celtic . tribes(the modern Welsh's ancestors ),living in primitivesociety.盎格鲁撒克逊人英国人的祖先。

盎格鲁人、撒克逊人和朱特人属于日耳曼部落,大约在5世纪来到英国。

英语国家概况英国Politics资料

英语国家概况英国Politics资料
5. Recent political trends in the UK (英国最近的政治动向) 6. Margaret Thatcher (玛格丽特·撒切尔)
John Major (约翰·梅杰) Tony Blair (托尼·布莱尔) Gorden Brown (戈登·布朗)
David William Donald Cameron4
John Major
Tony Blair
Tony Blair
Tony Blair Gordon Brown
Conservative Labour Labour
Conservative Conservative Conservative
Conservative Labour Labour Labour
A government cannot stand for longer than five years except in exceptional circumstances (it happened twice last century, when elections were delayed until the end of WWI and WWII.)
At the end of the session you should know:
British elections and electoral system The political parties
1. For how many years is a general election held once in the UK? Five years 2. Who can stand for election as an MP? Anyone who is eligible to vote can stand as an MP. 3. What are the three major parties? The Conservative, Labour and Liberal Democrats 4. Which party is the party that spent most time in power? The Conservative Party 5. Which party does Tony Blair belong to? The Labour Party

英语国家概况总结资料

英语国家概况总结资料

Unit1 A Brief Introduction to the United Kingdom 1.The flag of Britain : Union Jack(英国国旗中没有显示出Welsh旗)2. The basic information of each country:Count ry Capital AreaMemoEngland London最大1.最不会把自己的“英格兰文化区别于其他文化”2.一个高度城市化3.The time joining the British parliament: However, in 1707 by agreement of the English and Scottish parliaments, Scotland joined the Union.4.Difference between the British Isles ,UK, Great Britain , and England:British Isles:the island of Great Britainthe island of Irelandsurrounding isles●UK=Great Britain + Northern Ireland●Great Britain =England +Scotland + Wales5.The four major invasions in the history of Great Britain :At first, England was occupied by Celtic people.Then in 43AD Britain was invaded by the Roman Empire.Result: England and Wales became a part of the Roman Empire for nearly 400 years.the Angle-Saxon invaded.Result: The land they lived became" Angle-land", later changed into England, the language they spoken became English.PS:One of the best-known English legends derives from this time. In 5 century AD, King Author(亚瑟王) united the British, and with his magical sword, Excalibur(被称为“王者之剑”的圣剑),drove the Saxons back.关于亚瑟王的一些名词:Excalibur:被称为“王者之剑”的圣剑;亚瑟王之魔剑Castle at Tintagel(廷塔杰尔) in Cornwall: Tintagel传说为亚瑟王的诞生地,这是一个与亚瑟王传奇有关的地方。

课件9:2.2 英国的议会和政府

课件9:2.2 英国的议会和政府

两党没有本质区别: 两党的关系是资本主义制度下的政治竞争关系
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2019年以来,英国议会下院三次否决《脱欧协议》。7月23日, 英国保守党议员鲍里斯·约翰逊成功当选保守党党魁。 2019年7月24日,约翰逊接替特蕾莎·梅,成为新任英国首相。 2020年1月 ,英国议会投票通过脱欧协议,欧洲议会将于1月29 日对脱欧协议进行最后的审议和表决。1月30日,欧盟正式批准 了英国脱欧。 2020年1月31日,英国正式脱欧。
1.实质: 资产阶级政权的一种组织形式
2.表现: (1)英国国王和王室世代承袭,是贵族和资产阶级的代表 上院:贵族组成 (贵族院)
(2)议会是“有钱人议事的场所” 下院:二党掌控(平民院)
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(3)保守党和工党 轮流组阁
①保守党:右翼,捍卫大资产阶级利益 ②工党:左翼,号称代表中下层人民利益,但 执政后执行维护资产阶级利益的政策
(3)内阁的权力
制定(政策) 提交(议案) 行使最高行政权力 协调政府各部门职权 紧急状态下紧急行动 必要时宣布提前大选
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2.首相的权力和制约因素
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(1)首相的权力: ①人事权
集党、政、军大权于一身
②领导(内阁)权,对重大问题作出最终裁决
③财政权,掌握预算决策权
④建议国王解散议会,宣布重新大选
专题二 君主立宪制和民主共和制:以英国和法国为例 第2课时
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英国的议会和政府
中文名称: 英文名称:
简称: 所属洲:
首都: 国歌: 货币: 时区: 政体: 结构形式
君主 首相
大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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The United Kingdom is a unitary , not a federal state (中央集权国家,而不 是联邦制国家 ). Parliament consists of the Sovereign, the House of Lords and the House of Commons (议会由 君主,上议院和下议院组成).
③首相控制国家财政大权,掌控预算决策权。 ④首相有权建议国王解散议会,宣布重新大选。
⑤首相是武装部队的实际最高领导人,可宣 布全国处于“紧急状态”。
内阁的权力:
①制定内外政策 ②向议会提交议案以及需要议会审议的政策 ③行使最高行政权力 ④协调和确定政府各部门职权 ⑤在国家处于紧急状态时,采取紧急行动 ⑥必要时宣布提前大选
British Parliament
General Elections Periodic national general elections are very important in the western model of democracy (周期性大选在西方式的民主制度 中非常重要 ). The election is seen as an opportunity for people to influence future government policy and to replace the incompetent political leader.
British Parliament
Britain is divided into constituencies (选区). Each of the constituencies returns one member to the House of Commons. The party which holds a majority of those “seats” in parliament forms the government, with its party leader as the Prime Minister. After a government has been in power for 5 years it has to resign and hold a “general election”.
England in the 18th Century:
Robert Walpole (罗伯特· 沃波尔)
The first Prime Minister The most influential member in the Whig Party First Lord of the Treasury encouraging trade and industry and
英国议会
英国议会渊源于古代的贤人会议,后来 发展为大会议, 1688年“光荣革命”后, 议会逐步获得至尊无上的地位; 议会代 表了英国民主政治的传统,成为反对专 制的坚强堡垒,英国议会的产生为人类 民主社会作出了贡献.人们把英国议会 称为“议会之母”。
英国议会
被称为“议会之母”的缘由: ①议会是现代资本主义政体中最重要的组 成部分之一,也是资本主义民主制度的主 要体现。 ②英国是世界上第一个建立议会制的国家。 ③美、法等国都效妨英国建立起各具特色 的议会制。
British Parliament
The main functions of Parliament are:
(1) to pass laws (通过立法 ); (2) to provide, by voting for, taxation (投票 批准税 ); (3) to examine government Policy and administrations (检查政府政策和行政管理 ); (4) to debate the major issues of the day (当天的议题辩论 ).
British Parliament
The electoral campaigns Before a general election, the political parties would start their electoral campaigns (advertisements, postal deliveries of leaflets, etc. )in order to make their policies known to the public. These campaigns (attacking and criticizing the opponents’ policies )sometimes can be quite aggressive and critical.
British Parliament
The House of Lords
The House of Lords consists of the Lords Spiritual (神职议员), who are the Archbishops and most prominent bishops of the Church of England; and the Lords Temporal (世俗议员), those who either have inherited the seat from their forefathers (hereditary peers世袭贵族) or (life peers终身贵族)have been appointed. The lords mainly represent themselves instead of the interests of the public.
British Govபைடு நூலகம்rnment
The party, which wins sufficient seats at a General Election in the House of Commons usually forms the Government. By tradition, the leader of the majority party is appointed Prime Minister by the Sovereign. The party, which wins the second largest number of seats, becomes the official Opposition组成反对党.
至尊的议会(“议会之母”)
是最高立法机关,主要由上议院和下议院组成
英 国 的 议 内阁与首相 会 和 政 府 君主立宪制 的实质
内阁是英国政府的核心领导机关 首相和内阁要向议会负责,而不 用对国家元首(国王)负责 内阁权力很大 首相拥有非常广泛的权力,集党、 政、军大权于一身 本质上是资产阶级政权的一种 组织形式
立法机关 英国议会是最高_______,主要由上议院和 “议会之母” 下议院组成,有________之称。
核心领导机关 内阁是英国政府的_________ ,首相和内 议会 阁要向_____负责。
党、政、军 首相拥有非常广泛的权力,集_________大 权于一身。
资产阶级 君主立宪制本质是________政权的一种组 织形式。
英国议会的地位: 英国议会的组成:
下议院
(至尊议会)
最高立法机关 (1)下议院 (2)上议院
立法权 财政权 司法权 监督权 监督下院工作 行政权力的最高来源
英国议会 (最高立法机关)
上议院 协助下院立法
(起辅助 作用)
英国最高司法机关
(受理民事、刑事上诉 修改和否决议案 案件,审理贵族案件)
British Parliament
avoiding foreign entanglement “Any Peace is preferable even to successful war.” ——Robert Walpole
(上帝和神赐予的)“君权神授论” 联合王国是君主立宪制国家,国家的首脑是国王 或女王。联合王国以君的名义,由国王或女王陛 下政府治理。
British Government
Britain is both a parliamentary democracy and a constitutional monarchy. While the official head of the state is the Queen, her powers are largely traditional and symbolic. The government at national and local levels is elected by the people and governs according to British constitutional principles.
British Parliament
Life peers--终身贵族 appointed by the sovereign at the suggestion of the Prime Minister ( a practice began in 1958) 注:终身爵士。1958年英国议会通过了终身贵族 爵位法,对那些为英国社会作出杰出贡献的人--英国一些著名的政治家和高官,如首相、总督、 高级大臣等,从现职退下来后,王室授封他们为 终身贵族。他们以其丰富的从政经验进入上院继 续参政议政,但其爵位不能传后代。
君主立宪制的实质
为资产阶级服务,不是为全体人民服务,具有阶级性。
1、从英国君主立宪制的结构看
英王和王室 上院 议会 下院 保守党 政党 工党
右翼
保守党
工党
2、从政策层面看
左翼
首相的权利:
①首相掌握政府人事大权,包括任免内阁成员 和其他非阁员大臣(向国王提交任免名单). ②首相领导内阁,对重大问题作出最终裁决。
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