24小时周期变动的生理.

Sleeping and waking.
• EEG / EMG / EOG.
Sleeping and waking.
Sleeping and waking.
ຫໍສະໝຸດ Baidu
Sleeping and waking.
Sleeping and waking.
Dolphins. Birds.
Sleeping and waking.
– Sleep stages. – Sleep patterns change across life span. – Neural mechanisms underlying sleeping.
Biological rhythms.
• Circadian rhythms.
– 24小時週期變動的生理、行為變化。
– Suprachiasmic nucleus. 上視交叉神經核
• Lesion. • Slice. • Transplants.
Biological rhythms.
破壞SCN
Biological rhythms.
Biological rhythms.
tau gene Less than 20 hours.
夜行性動物
日入而做， 日出而息。
Biological rhythms.
entrainment
Zitgebers -time giver 時間線索
free-running
Biological rhythms.
• Richter (1967): clock must be in the brain.
Transplantation. 19.5 hour rather than
24.05 hours.
Biological rhythms.
• melanopsin.
Biological rhythms.
rhodopsin
melanopsin
Biological rhythms.
melanopsin
Ch 14: Biological rhythms, sleep, and dreaming.
2010.05.21.
Introduction.
• Biological rhythms.
– Circadian rhythms. – Suprachiasmic nucleus.
• Sleeping and waking.
Conclusion.
• Biological rhythms.
– Circadian rhythms. – Hypothalamus.
• Sleeping and waking.
– Sleep stages. – Sleep patterns change across life span. – Neural mechanisms underlying sleeping.
Sleep attack
Catalplexy
Sleeping and waking.
缺少 neurpeptide hypocretin
Sleeping and waking.
• Sleep apnea. 睡眠呼吸中止症
Sleeping and waking.
• Sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS)
Biological rhythms.
• Homozygous Clock/Clock mouse.
– Normal light cue (LD) – Dim light (DD)
Biological rhythms.
• Rhythms.
– Circadian: 24 hrs. – Ultradian: < 24 hors. – Circannual clock: 1 year. – Infradian: > 1 day
• Infants: 16 weeks.
Sleeping and waking.
Sleeping and waking.
Sleeping and waking.
• 剝奪睡眠(sleep deprivation)
– 11 days (264hrs)
Sleeping and waking.
• Sleep less:
• Meddis(1977)
– 70-year-old. – Day1-2: – Day3-5: 67 min.
Sleeping and waking.
Sleeping and waking.
• Insomnia 失眠
– Sleep apnea.
• Hypersomnia.
– Narcolepsy.