基础篇(上)

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高一上学期第一次月考数学试卷(新题型：19题)(基础篇)(原卷版)

2024-2025学年高一上学期第一次月考数学试卷（基础篇）【人教A版（2019）】（考试时间：120分钟试卷满分：150分）注意事项：1.本试卷分第Ⅰ卷（选择题）和第Ⅱ卷（非选择题）两部分.答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上；2.回答第Ⅰ卷时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑.如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。

写在本试卷上无效；3.回答第Ⅱ卷时，将答案写在答题卡上。

写在本试卷上无效；4.测试范围：必修第一册第一章、第二章；5.考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回.第I卷（选择题）一、单项选择题：本题共8小题，每小题5分，共40分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合要求的。

1．（5分）（24-25高一上·河北廊坊·开学考试）下列各组对象能构成集合的是（）A．2023年参加“两会”的代表B．北京冬奥会上受欢迎的运动项目C．π的近似值D．我校跑步速度快的学生2．（5分）（23-24高一上·北京·期中）命题pp:∀xx>2，xx2−1>0，则¬pp是（）A．∀xx>2，xx2−1≤0B．∀xx≤2，xx2−1>0C．∃xx>2，xx2−1≤0D．∃xx≤2，xx2−1≤03．（5分）（23-24高二下·福建龙岩·阶段练习）下列不等式中，可以作为xx<2的一个必要不充分条件的是（）A．1<xx<3B．xx<3C．xx<1D．0<xx<14．（5分）（24-25高三上·山西晋中·阶段练习）下列关系中：①0∈{0}，②∅ {0}，③{0,1}⊆{(0,1)}，④{(aa,bb)}= {(bb,aa)}正确的个数为（）A．1 B．2 C．3 D．45．（5分）（24-25高三上·江苏南通·阶段练习）若变量x，y满足约束条件3≤2xx+yy≤9，6≤xx−yy≤9，则zz=xx+2yy的最小值为（）A．-7 B．-6 C．-5 D．-46．（5分）（23-24高二下·云南曲靖·期末）已知全集UU={1,3,5,7,9}，MM=�xx|xx>4且xx∈UU},NN={3,7,9}，则MM∩(∁UU NN)=（）A．{1,5}B．{5}C．{1,3,5}D．{3,5}7．（5分）（23-24高一上·陕西渭南·期末）已知不等式aaxx2+bbxx+2>0的解集为{xx∣xx<−2或xx>−1}，则不等式2xx2+bbxx+aa<0的解集为（）A．�xx�−1<xx<12�B．{xx∣xx<−1或xx>12}C．�xx�−1<xx<−12�D．{xx∣xx<−2或xx>1}8．（5分）（24-25高三上·江苏徐州·开学考试）已知aa>bb≥0且6aa+bb+2aa−bb=1，则2aa+bb的最小值为（）A．12 B．8√3C．16 D．8√6二、多项选择题：本题共3小题，每小题6分，共18分，在每小题给出的四个选项中，有多项符合题目的要求，全部选对的得6分，部分选对的得部分分，有选错的得0分。

高中英语高一语法填空基础篇(上)共18篇

高中英语语法填空基础篇（上）1.Traveling is fun and it gets more 1. (interest) when we take a long trip for the first time，all alone.For my vacation，it was decided that I would visit my grandparents with my parents.But since 2. unexpected job came up for my parents，I chose 3. (travel) alone.From then on I was nervous and excited about 4. the trip would go. 5． the day of the trip，my mom packed my bags，prepared food for me and then6. (give) me a 30minute lesson on being careful and staying away from7. (strange)．She also told me that I should phone her at every station that I went through.Throughout the journey，I was not 8. (sleep) at all.I kept reading my book and 9. (watch) people，and didn’t say much to anyone asking me questions.I kept phoning my mom at every station.10. (final)，I reached my destination after the threehour journey.There，my grandparents were waiting to collect me.I was very happy to have completed my first trip alone and loved it.答案：1. interesting 2. an 3. to travel 4. how 5. On 6. gave 7. strangers 8. sleepy 9. watching 10. Finally2.The story is mainly about a retired teacher in poor health 1. received a thank-you letter from one of his successful students.What a 2. (move) story! It reminds me of my favorite teacher，Jeffrey，who sets a wonderful example for his students to follow through the rest of their lives.And for me ，Jeffrey is always a role model 3. whom I can learn a lot.His energetic4. (devote) to work always earns him respect and praise from both his colleagues5. students.I feel lucky to have such6. excellent instructor who didn’t give me up when I failed so many times in English test.Instead，he7. (patient) cultivated(培养) my interest in English, 8. (give) me timely help with my study，and praised me for my small progress.Little by little，I felt increasingly confident in 9. (me) and showed more and more enthusiasm in English learning.At last，I made up my mind 10. (become) an English teacher like him.答案：1. who/that 2. moving 3. from 4. devotion 5. and 6. an 7. patiently 8. gave 9. myself 10. to become3.Sally is a good student.She does well in all her 1. (subject)．You must wonder 2. she can study so well.Let me tell you something about her good study habits. First，Sally spends two hours 3. (study) after school every day.And she always studies from seven to nine on schedule.Sally is a very 4. (determine) girl，so nothing can stop her doing that.Second，if Sally wants to start studying，first she 5. (put) everything that has nothing to do with her studying aside，like the cell phone.And 6. (actual) there are only books left on her desk.Third，Sally never 7. (leave) her problems till next day.When she meets some difficult problems and she can’t work them out，she will make 8. request to others for help.She doesn’t wait 9. (do) them next day.What do you think 10. Sally’s study habits? You can have a try.I hope they will be helpful to you.答案：1. subjects 2. how 3. studying 4. determined 5. will put 6. actually 7. leaves 8. a 9. to do 10. of4.In order to know a foreign language well，four things are necessary.Firstly，we must understand the language when we hear it 1. (speak)．Secondly，we must be able to speak it 2. (correct) with confidence.Thirdly，we must be able to read the language，and fourthly，we must be able to write it.We must be able to make sentences 3. are correct.There is no easy way 4. (succeed) in learning English.5. good memory is of great help，but it is not enough only6. (remember) all the rules from a grammar book.It is not much use7. (learn) by heart long list of words and their meanings，studying the dictionary and so on.We must learn by using the language.If we are 8. (satisfy) with only a few rules we have memorized，we are not really learning the language.“Learn through use” is a good piece of advice for those who 9. (study) a new language.Practice is important.We must practise speaking 10. writing the language whenever we can.答案：1. spoken 2. correctly 3. that/which 4. to succeed 5. A 6. to remember 7. learning 8. satisfied 9. are studying 10. and5.Two brothers，Herbert and James，lived together with a cat named Edgar.James 1. (be) particularly devoted to the cat，and when he had to leave town for several days，he left Herbert careful 2. (instruct) about the pet’s care.3. the end of his first day away，James telephoned his brother，“How is Edgar ？” he asked.“Edgar is 4. (die)，”Herbert answered.Then James said，“Herbert，you’re insensitive(漠然的)．You know 5. close I was to Edgar.You should have broken the news to me 6. (slow)．When I asked about Edgar tonight, you should have said，‘Edgar’s on t he roof, but I have called the fire department 7. (get) him down.’And tomorrow when I called，you could have said the firemen were having trouble 8. (take) the pet down，but you were hopeful they would succeed.Then when I called the third time, you could have told me that the firemen had done their9. (good)，but unfortunately Edgar had fallen off the roof and was at the vet’s(兽医站)．Then when I called the last time，you could have said that10. everything possible had been done for Edgar，he had died.That’s the way you should have told me about Edgar.”答案：1. was 2. instructions 3. At 4. dead 5. how 6. slowly 7.to get 8. taking 9. best 10. although/though/while6.Long long ago，a Frenchman traveled to a small Italian town.He was staying with his wife at the best hotel there.One night，he went out for 1. walk alone.It was very late and the small street was dark and quiet.2. (sudden) he felt someone behind him.He turned his head and 3. (see) an Italian young man who quickly walked past him.The man was nearly out of sight 4. the Frenchman suddenly found his watch 5． (go)．He thought that it must be the Italian who 6. (take) his watch.He decided to get back the watch.Soon the Frenchman caught up 7. the Italian，but neither of them understood the other’s language.The Frenchman frightened the Italian with his fist and8. (point) to the Italian’s watch.In the end，the Italian gave up his watch to the Frenchman.On his 9. (return) to the hotel，the Frenchman told his wife what had happened.He was greatly 10. (surprise) when his wife pointed to the watch on the table.Then he realized that he had robbed the Italian’s watch by mist ake.答案：1. a 2. Suddenly 3. saw 4. when 5. gone 6. had taken 7. with 8. pointed 9. returning 10. surprised7.For many students，the most important 1. (decide) they must make at school is choosing a career.But choosing the right career 2. (be) not easy.So how do you find one that you will enjoy?Before you choose a career，think about your interests and your talents，and then think about jobs 3. fit them.Ask yourself：What do I enjoy doing？What do I do well?Next，learn about your career choices.See if the library has books 4. (describe) different kinds of work.Also，try out careers by taking parttime jobs.Then consider 5. is important to you.Perhaps you like working face to face with people.If so，a job as 6. computer programmer may not be the bestchoice.7. you like getting a monthly salary，then starting your own business probably is not for you.8. (final)，remember that you can always change your mind.Most people change jobs several times during 9. (they) working life.Your first job right after college probably will not be your career thirty years from now.Allow yourself to change if you are not 10. (satisfy) with your chosen career.答案：1. decision 2. is 3. that/which 4. describing 5. what 6. a 7. If 8. Finally 9. their 10. satisfied8.Many people in China, some of 1. are not 2. (体重超标的) at all, are always going on a diet or even turn to 3. with harmful 4. (化学物质) to look 5. .However, health is more important than one’s 6. (身材). Healthy eating along with 7. exercise is probably the only way to become fit. A good 8. of sleep every night is also important for your health. As a matter of fact, 9. (丧失) of sleep can make you look tired and even cause you to 10. weight.答案：1. whom 2. overweight 3. pills 4. chemicals 5. attractive 6. figure 7. regular 8. amount 9. loss 10. gain9.Last year，my brother and I went to Miami for a vacation.Some of my friends who had been there before said it was a wonderful holiday destination. Before we went，we1. (plan) for months.When the day came，we were ready.After our plane landed，we went to the hotel.We had made our reservation six months2. (early)，but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.We3. (tell) that our rooms hadn’t been reserved for that week,4. for the week after.I didn’t understand5.this would happen.What’s worse，the hotel had been fully booked.When we6. (wonder) what to do，the manager came out. She was surprisingly7. (help)．She apologized for the mistake and gave us a spare VIP room on8. top floor.We had never stayed in such an amazing room，and we weren’t charged extra.The next day，my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people9. (play) volleyball.We got a little sunburnt，but the day had been so10. (relax) that we didn’t mind.答案：1.had planned 2.earlier 3.were told 4.but 5.why 6.were wondering7.helpful8.the9.play10.relaxing10.In my opinion，we should try our best 1. (realize) our goals even though there is little hope.The efforts seem to be the lights in the darkness，2. (lead) the way to hope and success.I used to be 3. shy girl in my primary school.I was weak in English at that time ，especially for 4. (speak) English.So I was afraid to answer the teacher’s questions during English classes.After I 5. (enter) my dream middleschool.Something changed.I started to read many 6. (interest) English stories and my English teacher was patient to help me a lot.I studied hard in class and practicedit 7. watching English films and listening to English songs in my freetime.Little by little，I found 8. more and more interesting to learn English.I could even talk with my classmates 9. (free) in English and I was not shy any more.At last，I got high grades in English, 10. made me confident in learning English.答案：1.to realize 2.leading 3.a 4.spoken 5.entered 6.interesting7.by 8.it9.freely 10.which11.A big fire broke out in a clothing factory in our city last Wednesday.At 9：18 that morning，when the employees were working 1. (busy) in the 4storeyed building ，heavy smoke was seen 2. (come) out of the windows on the second floor.The fire lasted nearly an hour，and the majority of the 345 employees managed3. (escape) from the fire.Unfortunately,7 were killed，and 23 injured，lightly or seriously.Some workers 4. (complain) that aids came too late，but the firemen did come just 10 minutes after the fire 5. (report)．To rescue everyone from the burning and smoking building in such a short time was too difficult.The only two exits of the big building were not enough for so many people to withdraw in 6. hurry.The reason of the fire，according to an investigator，was 7. someone broke the nonsmoking rule in the factory，because some cigarette 8. (end) were found.In the next two weeks,15 inspection teams will be working in all the factories9. turn，aiming to clear away the possibility of more fires. 10. (hope)，no disasters like this will happen again.答案：1.busily ing 3.to escape plained 5．was reported 6.a 7.that8.ends9.in 10.Hopefully12.There is a lovely panda.She lives with her parents and they lead1. happy life in the forest.One day，the panda 2. (pick) a huge pumpkin and wanted to take it home.But the pumpkin was too big for her 3. (take) it home on her own.She could do nothing but sit beside the pumpkin.She thought 4. if she waited there ，she might turn to a passerby for help.Suddenly，she saw a bear 5. (ride) a bike towards her.She watched the bike and suddenly，she jumped and shouted 6. (happy), “I know! I have a good idea—I can roll the pumpkin.It’s just like a wheel！”Therefore，she rolled the pumpkin to7. (she) house.When her mother saw the big pumpkin，which was8. (big) than her little daughter，she was 9. (surprise)，“Oh，my God! How can you get it home？” The little panda answered proudly，“I can’t lift it，but I can roll it.” Her mother smiled and said，“10. a clever girl you are！”答案：1.a 2.picked 3.to take 4.that 5.riding 6.happily7.her8.bigger 9.surprised 10.What13.When you read a story in English，do you read it for the story 1. for the English language? This is a question which is not so 2. (fool) as it may seem，for I find that many students of English pay 3. (much) attention to the story than to the English. For instance，they care for how the mystery in the story 4. (settle)，but cannot tell what preposition(介词) 5. (use) before a certain word in the speech of a certain character.Of course，if you want to know the story only，you need not focus 6. the language.But a student of English is different from a student of stories or what is called the general reader. 7. you may also have learned from the above，you ought to read not only very 8. (care) but also aloud till you learn the passage by heart and can recite it as if it were your own. On the one hand，this will teach you many useful9. (word) and phrases；on the other hand，it will help you to avoid10. (make) many mistakes in expression.答案：1.or 2.foolish 3.more 4.is settled 5.is used 6．on7.As8.carefully9.words 10．making14.Dear Wei Hua，I am a high school student in the UK.I have just read your article about what you1. (experience) in the UK.I would very much like to be friends with you.First of all，let me2. (introduce) myself.My name is Daniel Adams.I am studying at Southampton High.I am really fond of3. (read) books，and that is why my favorite subject is Literature.At the weekend，I like playing football and4. (surf) the Internet.I also enjoy eating sweets，so I never miss dessert at dinner.I didn’t realize schools in the UK are so 5. (differ) from schools in China until I read your article.It must have been 6. struggle for you to become7. (use) to academic life in a British school.I really have respect8. everything you have achieved.Next year，I plan on attending a high school in China on a student exchange programme，and I found your article a great9. (encourage) to me.I would love to meet you when I go to China.I’d appreciate 10. if you can write soon!Best wishes，Daniel Adams答案：1.experienced 2.introduce 3.reading 4.surfing 5.different 6.aed8.for9.encouragement 10.it15.I dream to be 1. popular teacher in the future because I hope I can bring knowledge and 2. (happy) to children.With time passing by，my wonderful middle school life is coming to the end.Just when I entered Sunshine School，I was a childish boy 3. liked playing computer games.I still remembered my first midterm exam.I failed many subjects.I even thought about 4. (give) up.It was Ms Zhang who encouraged me 5. (face) the difficulties bravely. 6. the help of my teacher，I redoubled my efforts.Nowadays ，I 7. (overcome) difficulties and always do well in the school subjects.Thanks to Ms Zhang，I have gained a lot both in my study 8. in my life.I hope I can be as 9. (excellently) as my teacher.All in all，I will learn harder to get more knowledge so as to lay a good foundation for my future.I will make full use of my every second and make my dream come true.I believe I can 10. (success)!答案：1.a 2.happiness 3.who/that 4.giving 5.to face 6.With7.overcame8.and9.excellent10.succeed16.I really love my job because I enjoy 1. (work) with small kids.I think my work is important.However，there was a time when I 2. (think) I would never have that sort of career.I wasn’t an excellent student and in my final term，I found I wasn’t the type to have a career.I then found 3. (me) a job.Looking after two little girls wasn’t too bad at first.4. the problems began when I agreed to live in.I was getting5. (extreme) tired and fed up，because I had too many late nights and early mornings with the6. (child)．One Sunday，I met Megan,7. used to go to school with me.I told her about my situatio n.She suggested that I should do a course and get a qualification.I didn’t think I would be 8. (succeed)．She persuaded me to phone the local college and finally I 9. (accept) by the local college.My experience helped me a lot.Now I’ve got a fulltime job at a kindergarten.I shall always be thankful 10. Megan.答案：1.working 2.thought 3.myself 4.But 5.extremely 6.children7.who8.successful 9．was accepted10.to17.M：I’m so relieved.I just finished the story I was working on f or our creative writing course.W：I haven’t finished mine 1. _______.I had trouble 2. _______ (get) past the beginning. M：How come?W：I was really happy to be writing a detective story.But after the first few pages，I just 3. _______ write any more.M：The same thing 4. _______ (happen) to me.You can talk to Mrs Wilson about it. W：Actually，I went to ask for more time to finish the writing.But instead she gave me some good advice.She said the first thing I should do is just write anything that comes into my mi nd even if it doesn’t make any 5. _______.M：That’s interesting.When I got 6. _______ (stick)，I stopped to do 7. _______ else，you know，do some for one of my other courses.W：Her methods seem to have worked for me.I have written most of the story，and I should be able to hand it 8. _______ on time，but I still need to go to the jewelry store. M：You are going shopping?W：I’m going there for my story.My detective story involves 9. _______ jewelry store rob bery，so I want to go there in order to take a look at 10. _______ the cases are arranged，where the security cameras are placed.答案：1. yet 2. getting 3. couldn’t 4. happened 5. sense 6. stuck 7. something 8. in 9. a 10.how18.A：You don’t look smart this morning.I can see you’re not happy.B：I had never expected this would have happened to me.We 1. _______ (have) a power failure at home last night.A：How come？Did anyone in the family do anything 2. _______?B：You’ve guessed it.It was all my father’s 3. _______.A：What did he do?B：I was just watching a wonderful football feature program on TV 4. _______ the lights suddenly went out.A：5. _______ was that?B：You see，we’d just had our dinner.My mother was washing my jeans in the washing machine.And the air conditioners were on in both rooms.I was in my room 6. _______ TV.A：What was your father doing then?B：He wanted to warm his tea in the microwave oven.He plugged it in and the fuse broke.And everything stopped all of 7. _______ sudden.A：Your nextdoor neighbor is an electrician，isn’t he?B：Yes.8. _______ (luck)，he happened to be at home.He came and fixed it up.But 9._______ was half an hour later.I had already missed a lot.A：It was an 10. _______ (annoy) experience for a sports fan like you.But don’t miss the basketball final this evening.Make sure there is no power failure tonight.答案：1. had 2. wrong 3. fault 4. when 5. Why 6. watching 7. a 8. Luckily 9. it 10. annoying19.A：So what do you think was the best part?B：The part where I said “I do”，of course.A：Haha，I knew you would say that.B：Actually，I really like 1. _______ when your parents give their speeches.I have never really seen them 2. _______ (express) any emotion before,3. _______ their words almost made me cry，especially your Dad’s.A：Well，it was a really special day for them.They think you and your parents are just great，and 4. _______ makes the celebration that much better when you think about it as gaining a new family.B：I couldn’t agree more.And it was so 5. _______ (amaze) to have all my friends together.I think everyone had 6. _______ wonderful time.A：The food turned 7. _______ pretty decent，huh?B：It surely did.You never know how these things will go with so many people 8._______ (feed)，but I think everyone was pleased.The cake was a bit of disappointment, 9. _______.A：Yeah，but nobody ever actually likes the cake.I mean，it’s really only there to be used as face paint for the bride and groom!B：Well，you surely got me good！And you know what？I had forgotten what a good dancer you are.It had been a long time since we cut a rug together.I think that was when everything 10. _______ (true) sank in—that you were going to be Mrs Kyle Daniels forever.A：Um，you mean that you were going to be Mr.Sally Washington forever...答案：1. it 2. express 3. but 4. it 5. amazing 6. a 7. out 8. to feed 9. though 10. truly20.A：You look 1. _______ (sleep)．B：Yes.I didn’t go to bed until 2 o’clock in the morning.A：Why?B：I was sitting at the computer.A：Were you making friends 2. _______?B：Yes.3. _______ did you know that?A：Everyone knows you are crazy about 4. _______ (make)friends online.B：Really?A：However，I must say that making friends online is 5. _______ waste of time.And it’s not real.B：Maybe you are right,6. _______ it’s very interesting.A：That’s why you cannot stop?B：Partly.But the most important reason is that I can practise my English 7. _______ I am chatting online with friends.A：Are you serious?B：You’d 8. _______ (good) believe it.Will you come to my house tonight？I’ll show you how.A：Thanks，anyway.Sleeping is more important for me.I must get up early tomorrow. B：Poor you.A：I suggest you 9. _______ (spend) less time making friends online.There are lots of 10. _______ (importance) things to do，right?B：I know.But just let me be myself.答案：1. sleepy 2. online 3. How 4. making 5. a 6. but 7. when 8. better 9. (should) spend 10. more important。

bt协议详解基础篇（上）

bt协议详解基础篇（上）bt协议详解基础篇（上）最近开发了⼀个的⽹站，产⽣了仔细了解bt协议的想法，所以写了这⼀篇⽂章，后续还会写⼀些关于搜索和索引的东西，都是在开发这个⽹站的过程中学习到的技术，敬请期待。

1 简介bt是BitTorrent协议的简称，bt协议是最流⾏的p2p下载协议，另外⼀种⽐较流⾏的p2p下载协议叫ed2k，ed2k的全称叫eDonkey2000 network，这⾥我们只讨论bt协议，ed2k协议以后有机会再和⼤家分享。

相信很多⼈都听说过bt协议。

但是当我问周围的⼈究竟什么是bt协议呢？他们的解释让我对bt协议的理解变得更含糊，为了弄清楚⼼中的问题，我开始了⾃⼰对bt协议的学习。

我在上找到⼀篇⽂章。

这个标题翻译过来就是“bittorrent协议规范”，是bittorrent协议的基础篇，为什么说是基础篇呢？BT协议是⼀个协议簇。

有点像tcp/ip协议⼀样，bt协议不是⼀个简单的协议，⽽是⼀系列相关的协议组成的，⽽且这个协议簇⼀直在进化。

既然这篇⽂章的主题是“基础篇”，所以它的内容主要来⾃,也就是bittorrent协议规范，因为其它的协议都是以这个协议为基础的，可见这个的重要性。

2 bittorrent协议规范（中⽂版）bittorrent是⼀个⽂件分发协议，它使⽤url来定位⽂件⽽且跟web服务⽆缝集成。

当有多个⼈同时下载同⼀个⽂件时，下载者之间可以互相上传⾃⼰已有的那部分⽂件，让⼀个⽂件⽀持很多⼈同时下载却只增加⼩量的带宽负担变成可能，这就是bt协议相⽐http协议的优势。

bt⽂件分享由下列内容组成：1. 传统的⽂件服务器2. 种⼦⽂件(.torrent⽂件)3. bt tracker服务器4. ⽂件分享者5. web浏览器6. web浏览器⽤户（多个）⼀个服务器按照下⾯的步骤开始⽂件分享过程1. 启动⼀个bt tracker服务器2. 启动⼀个普通的web服务器，如apache3. 在web服务器上配置多媒体类型‘application/x-bittorrent’关联到.torrent⽂件4. ⽣成⼀个.torrent⽂件，在⽂件中添加bt tracker服务器的地址5. 上传torrent⽂件到web服务器6. 发布torrent⽂件下载页⾯7. 等待⽤户下载⼀个⽤户按照下⾯的步骤开始⽂件下载1. 安装bt客户端2. 浏览web页⾯3. 下载torrent⽂件4. 保存torrent⽂件到本地5. 使⽤bt客户端打开torrent⽂件，开始下载6. 等待⽂件下载完成bencoding编码strings(字符串)编码为：<字符串长度>：<字符串> 例如： 4:test 表⽰为字符串"test"，4:例⼦表⽰为字符串“例⼦”，字符串长度单位为字节，没开始或结束标记integers(整数)编码为：i<整数>e，开始标记i，结束标记为e，例如：i1234e 表⽰为整数1234，i-1234e 表⽰为整数-1234，整数没有⼤⼩限制，i0e 表⽰为整数0，i-0e 为⾮法，以0开头的为⾮法如： i01234e 为⾮法lists(列表)编码为：le，开始标记为l,结束标记为e，列表⾥可以包含任何bencoding编码类型，包括整数，字符串，列表，字典。

数学七年级上册代数式(基础篇)(Word版含解析)

一、初一数学代数式解答题压轴题精选（难）1．|a|的几何意义是数轴上表示数a的点与原点O的距离，例如：|3|＝|3﹣0|，即|3﹣0|表示3、0在数轴上对应两点之间的距离.一般地，点A、B在数轴上分别表示数a、b，那么A、B之间的距离可表示为|a﹣b|，解决下面问题：（1）数轴上表示﹣1和2的两点之间的距离是________；数轴上P、Q两点的距离为6，点P表示的数是2，则点Q表示的数是________；（2）点A在数轴上表示数为x，点B、C在数轴上表示的数分别为多项式2m2n+mn﹣2的常数项和次数.________①若B、C两点分别以3个单位长度/秒和2个单位长度/秒的速度同时向右运动t秒.当OC ＝2OB时，求t的值；________②用含x的绝对值的式子表示点A到点B、点A到点C的距离之和为________，直接写出距离之和的最小值为________.【答案】（1）3；8或﹣4（2）解：∵多项式2m2n+mn﹣2的常数项是﹣2，次数是3，∴点B、C在数轴上表示的数分别为﹣2、3.；运动t秒，B点表示的数为﹣2+3t，C点表示的数为3+2t，∵OC＝2OB，∴3+2t＝2× ，∴3+2t＝2（﹣2+3t），或3+2t＝2（2﹣3t），解得t＝，或t＝，故所求t的值为或；；5.【解析】【解答】（1）解：数轴上表示﹣1和2的两点之间的距离是|2﹣（﹣1）|＝3；设点Q表示的数是m，则|m﹣2|＝6，解得m＝8或﹣4，即点Q表示的数是8或﹣4.故答案为3，8或﹣4。

（2）解：②AB+AC＝|﹣2﹣x|+|3﹣x|，其最小值为5.故答案为|﹣2﹣x|+|3﹣x|，5.【分析】（1）根据数轴上A、B两点之间的距离为|AB|＝|a−b|，代入数值运用绝对值的性质即可求数轴上表示−1和2的两点之间的距离；设点Q表示的数是m，根据P、Q两点的距离为6列出方程|m−2|＝6，解方程即可求解；（2）根据多项式的常数项与次数的定义求出点B、C在数轴上表示的数；①根据OC＝2OB列出方程，解方程即可求解；②根据数轴上A、B两点之间的距离为|AB|＝|a−b|即可表示AB＋AC，然后可得距离之和的最小值．2．先阅读下面文字，然后按要求解题.例：1+2+3+…+100=？如果一个一个顺次相加显然太繁，我们仔细分析这100个连续自然数的规律和特点，可以发现运用加法的运算律，是可以大大简化计算，提高计算速度的.因为1+100=2+99=3+98=…=50+51=101，所以将所给算式中各加数经过交换、结合以后，可以很快求出结果.解:1+2+3+…+100=（1+100）+（2+99）+（3+98）+…+（50+51）= =5050.（1）补全例题解题过程；（2）计算a+（a+b）+（a+2b）+（a+3b）+…+（a+99b）.【答案】（1）解：101×50（2）解：原式=50×（2a+99b）=100a+4950b.【解析】【分析】（1）根据算式可得共有50个101，据此解答即可.（2）仿照（1）利用加法的交换律和结合律进行计算即可.3．已知A＝2x2＋3xy－2x－1，B＝x2－xy－1（1）化简：4A－(2B＋3A)，将结果用含有x、y的式子表示（2）若式子4A－(2B＋3A)的值与字母x的取值无关，求的值【答案】（1）解：∵A＝2x2＋3xy－2x－1，B＝x2－xy－1，∴4A－(2B＋3A)=A-2B=2x2＋3xy－2x－1-2（x2－xy－1）=5xy-2x+1（2）解：根据（1）得4A－(2B＋3A)= 5xy-2x+1；∵4A－(2B＋3A)的值与字母x的取值无关，∴4A－(2B＋3A)=5xy-2x+1=（5y-2）x+1，5y-2=0，则y= .则y3+ A- B= y3+ （A-2B）= y3+ ×1= + = = .【解析】【分析】（1）先将4A－(2B＋3A)化简，再将A,B的值分别代入代数式，去括号合并同类项化为最简形式即可；（2）根据（1）化简的结果，由4A－(2B＋3A)的值与字母x的取值无关，得出5y-2=0，求解得出y的值，再将代数式中含A,B的项，逆用乘法分配律最后整体代入即可算出代数式的值。

速成围棋基础篇(上)答案

速成围棋基础篇（上）答案自学围棋在方法论上也许是没有一个清晰量化的标准的，但却确实是有一些必要的步骤和内容，现有经验证明最优的方法路径等的。

路是人走出来的，条条大路通罗马。

但也许有些路比其他路要更近，更好走。

也有些路，可能就真的是死路。

自学有规律，凡事无绝对。

主要针对面临入门关的初学者，谈几点初学者可能出现的严重问题。

1. 害怕实战：我见到过很多很多毫无实战经验的初学者这么说：等我多看点书，学的再好一点了，就去实战。

这是一个天大的伪命题。

不去实战，是永远都学不会围棋的，也根本不可能进步。

毫无实战经验的初学者，看懂入门教材上的内容，和实战中能用出来是两码事，甚至和仅仅发现，看懂棋形，都是两码事。

最好，也是最恰当的入门方式，莫过于在对入门的知识点进行必要的学习后，立刻和与自己处于同样学习阶段的初学者进行实战，并在实战中验证自己刚学到的知识，同时开始体验争胜的乐趣了。

随后，对基本知识点的继续夯实，进一步的实战，和考察刚学过的知识点的少量最基本的题目的完成，反复循环进行，直到彻底通过入门关。

2. 实战对象不当：就像我上面说的一样，刚学棋时最好的对手，是和自己同阶段的初学者。

原因一部分在于，兴趣是最好的老师，而初学者最大的兴趣来源，在于实战争胜。

不是说不可以和与自己实力相差悬殊的人进行对局，而是说这种对局对初学者的进步效用不高，不适合作为实战训练的主体。

实际上，初学阶段，水平悬殊的指导棋可以没有（其实教学中都是没有的），而水平相当的可争胜的棋却不可以没有。

一旦失去了争胜的乐趣，一个初学者兴趣再浓，也很难扛过入门关。

虽然我见过成功的先例，但是从统计层面来说，淘汰率会大大提高。

还有一种实战对象不当，在于选择软件作为初学的对弈对手，对此我不多做解释了。

请初学者们记住，想提高，要跟人下，不要和软件下。

因为输给人丢面子，输给软件无所谓，而如此选择，其实还是害怕实战。

因为好面子而如此，真是愚蠢而自欺欺人的行为。

3. 好高骛远：刚开始学棋时，听说了很多看起来很厉害的词汇，或是受了别人的误导，盲目追求对一些高水平内容的学习，比如在还没有多少实战经验的时候追求大量的定式学习和布局套路，学习手筋，形势判断，官子，做死活题等等。

人教版七年级数学上册全册单元试卷(基础篇)(Word版含解析)

人教版七年级数学上册全册单元试卷（基础篇）（Word版含解析）一、初一数学上学期期末试卷解答题压轴题精选（难）1．如图，已知AB∥CD，现将一直角三角形PMN放入图中，其中∠P＝90°，PM交AB于点E，PN交CD于点F（1）当△PMN所放位置如图①所示时，则∠PFD与∠AEM的数量关系为________；（2）当△PMN所放位置如图②所示时，求证：∠PFD−∠AEM＝90°；（3）在（2）的条件下，若MN与CD交于点O，且∠DON＝30°，∠PEB＝15°，求∠N的度数．【答案】（1）∠PFD＋∠AEM=90°（2）过点P作PG∥AB∵AB∥CD，∴PG∥AB∥CD，∴∠AEM=∠MPG，∠PFD=∠NPG∵∠MPN=90°∴∠NPG－∠MPG=90°∴∠PFD－∠AEM=90°；（3）设AB与PN交于点H∵∠P=90°，∠PEB＝15°∴∠PHE=180°－∠P－∠PEB＝75°∵AB∥CD，∴∠PFO=∠PHE=75°∴∠N=∠PFO－∠DON=45°．【解析】【解答】（1）过点P作PH∥AB∵AB∥CD，∴PH∥AB∥CD，∴∠AEM=∠MPH，∠PFD=∠NPH∵∠MPN=90°∴∠MPH＋∠NPH=90°∴∠PFD＋∠AEM=90°故答案为：∠PFD＋∠AEM=90°；【分析】（1）过点P作PH∥AB，然后根据平行于同一条直线的两直线平行可得PH∥AB∥CD，根据平行线的性质可得∠AEM=∠MPH，∠PFD=∠NPH，然后根据∠MPH＋∠NPH=90°和等量代换即可得出结论；（2）过点P作PG∥AB，然后根据平行于同一条直线的两直线平行可得PG∥AB∥CD，根据平行线的性质可得∠AEM=∠MPG，∠PFD=∠NPG，然后根据∠NPG－∠MPG=90°和等量代换即可证出结论；（3）设AB与PN 交于点H，根据三角形的内角和定理即可求出∠PHE，然后根据平行线的性质可得∠PFO=∠PHE，然后根据三角形外角的性质即可求出结论．2．在数轴上、两点分别表示有理数和，我们用表示到之间的距离；例如表示7到3之间的距离.（1）当时，的值为________.（2）如何理解表示的含义？（3）若点、在0到3（含0和3）之间运动，求的最小值和最大值.【答案】（1）5或-3（2）解：∵ = ，∴表示到-2的距离（3）解：∵点、在0到3（含0和3）之间运动，∴0≤a≤3, 0≤b≤3,当时， =0+2=2，此时值最小，故最小值为2；当时， =2+5=7，此时值最大，故最大值为7【解析】【解答】（1）∵，∴a=5或-3；故答案为：5或-3；【分析】（1）此题就是求表示数a的点与表示数1的点之间的距离是4，根据表示数a的点在表示数1的点的右边与左边两种情况考虑即可得出答案；（2）此题就是求表示数b的点与表示数-2的点之间的距离;（3）此题就是求表示数a的点与表示数2的点之间的距离及表示数b的点与表示数-2的点之间的距离和，而0≤a≤3, 0≤b≤3, 借助数轴当时，的值最小；当时，的值最大.3．已知：如图（1）∠AOB和∠COD共顶点O，OB和OD重合，OM为∠AOD的平分线，ON为∠BOC的平分线，∠AOB=α，∠COD=β．（1）如图（2），若α=90°，β=30°，求∠MON；（2）若将∠COD绕O逆时针旋转至图（3）的位置，求∠MON（用α、β表示）；（3）如图（4），若α=2β，∠COD绕O逆时针旋转，转速为3°/秒，∠AOB绕O同时逆时针旋转，转速为1°/秒，（转到OC与OA共线时停止运动），且OE平分∠BOD，请判断∠COE与∠AOD的数量关系并说明理由．【答案】（1）解：∵OM为∠AOD的平分线，ON为∠BOC的平分线，α=90°，β=30°∴∠MOB=∠AOB=45°∠NOD=∠BOC=15°∴∠MON=∠MOB+∠NOD=45°+15°=60°.（2）解：设∠BOD=γ，∵∠MOD= = ，∠NOB= =∴∠MON=∠MOD+∠NOB-∠DOB= + -γ=（3）解：① 为定值，设运动时间为t秒，则∠DOB=3t-t=2t，∠DOE= ∠DOB=t，∴∠COE=β+t，∠AOD=α+2t，又∵α=2β，∴∠AOD=2β+2t=2（β+t）．∴【解析】【分析】（1）根据角平分线的定义，分别求出∠MOB和∠NOD，再根据∠MON=∠MOB+∠NOD，可求出∠MON的度数。

小学作文基础篇上第3讲人物外貌描写(三)

2.接下来选取具体事例来描述从事这一职业的人。（运用“职业特点法”描写人物外貌特征）
3.抒ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้对这一职业人物的情感。
专注创新语文教育
谢谢观看
【举一反三，链接生活】
此时此刻，思考下每天上下学的途中，有没有哪一种职业的人让你印象深刻呢？
试着用简单的语言描写下列不同职业的人物的外貌。
________
要求：题目自拟，运用“职业特点法”描写一个人，要借助他（她）的职业特点描写出他（她）与众不同的外貌哦！
_________
1.在你以往的生活中，从事哪种职业的人给你留下深刻的印象。（总写令你印象深刻的某一职业的人物）
专注创新语文教育
小学能力阶梯序列作文基础篇（上）
第三讲人物外貌描写（三）
厨师
维修工
医生
消防员
人物展览馆
请结合影片中的人物和自己的生活经验，
详细描述下警察这个职业。
2011
1.他们的容貌 2012
2.他们的衣着打扮 2014 3.他们工作时的201神6 态
这位警察叔叔带着白色的警帽，穿着浅蓝色的警衣。他有一双炯炯有神的眼睛，工作时总是面带微笑。每次上学过马路时，警察叔叔总是手牵手地把我们带到马路的对面。
邮递员
运动员
练习一
请同学们翻开课本B册“滴水穿石”进行练习。
翻开课本A册“美文欣赏—— 同龄佳作”中的《校园里的送水工》，请画出送水工外貌描写里体现他职业特点的语句。
练习二
这样的描写对于表现送水工叔叔的形象有什么好处？
职业特点法
职业特点法就是根据人物的职业，选取最能表现他（她）特点的部位进行描绘，使其独一无二、与众不同，同时还能更好地展现人物的整体形象。

高一上学期期中数学试卷(基础篇)(解析版)

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汉语口语速成入门基础篇上习题集

第1课你好xie pin yin一、写注音。

（）（）（）（）（）（）你好老师对不起没关系谢谢不客气（）（）（）（）（）（）再见请进请坐听写说读wan cheng dui hua二、完成对话。

A：你好！A：________！B：_________。

B：您好！A：谢谢！A：________！B：__________。

BC：老师好！A：对不起B：__________。

kan tu shuo dong ci三、看图说动词。

1234（1）（2）（3）（4）第2课你好吗xie pin yin一、写注音.（）（）（）（）（）（）（）（）很累不饿很渴不忙爸爸妈妈都也du pin yin xie ju zi二、读拼音，写句子。

nǐyǒu gēge jiĕ jie ma?______________________________ ?wǒdìdi mèi mei hěn máng。

______________________________。

tā ài rén hěn è。

______________________________。

wan cheng dui hua二、完成对话。

1、A：你好吗？2、A：你妈妈忙吗？B：__________，你呢？B：___________________。

A：____________________。

A：_____________？B：你爸爸妈妈都好吗？B：他不累。

A：____________________。

A：你饿吗？B：__________________。

第3课你吃什么zhu yin一、注音（）（）（）（）（）（）（）饺子米饭面条面包包子啤酒茶（）（）（）（）（）（）（）咖啡矿泉水牛奶词典本子书笔（）（）书包可口可乐wan cheng dui hua二、完成对话。

A：你吃什么？B：__________，______？A：我也吃米饭。

(基础篇)2022-2023学年上学期初中生物人教新版七年级同步分层作业2.2.3植物体的结构层次

（基础篇）2022-2023学年上学期初中生物人教新版七年级同步分层作业2.2.3植物体的结构层次一．选择题（共10小题）1．组织是在细胞分裂生长和分化的基础上逐渐形成的。

西红柿的果肉属于（）A．保护组织B．营养组织C．输导组织D．分生组织2．一个发育完全的桃是一个（）A．植物体B．器官C．组织D．细胞3．园林个人在对行道树进行修剪时，往往要把植物枝条的顶端剪去，使这些枝条不能往上生长，这是因为破坏了（）A．输导组织B．营养组织C．分生组织D．保护组织4．一个成熟的大西瓜是（）A．一个细胞B．一种组织C．一个器官D．植物个体5．下列属于果实的是（）A．大豆粒B．芝麻粒C．西瓜籽D．玉米粒6．植物体能够运输水分和无机盐的组织是（）A．分生组织B．保护组织C．输导组织D．营养组织7．下列关于一株向日葵和一只猫的叙述中，错误的是（）A．向日葵和猫的生长和发育都是由受精卵开始的B．向日葵的结构层次中没有系统C．向日葵叶片的表皮属于上皮组织D．葵花籽和猫的心脏都属于器官8．下列属于绿色开花植物的生殖器官的是（）A．根、茎、叶B．花、果实、种子C．茎、叶、果实、种子D．根、茎、叶、花、果实、种子9．荷花全身是宝，如荷花可供观赏，莲子心、莲子、莲房、荷叶、荷梗等均可入药，莲藕可以做菜。

下列说法正确的是（）A．用来泡茶的荷叶属于植物的营养器官﹣茎B．用来做菜的莲藕属于植物的营养器官﹣根C．用来观赏的荷花属于植物的生殖器官﹣花D．入药的莲子属于植物的生殖器官﹣果实10．“鱼戏莲叶间”，鱼有而莲没有的结构层次是（）A．细胞B．组织C．器官D．系统（基础篇）2022-2023学年上学期初中生物人教新版七年级同步分层作业2.2.3植物体的结构层次参考答案与试题解析一．选择题（共10小题）1．组织是在细胞分裂生长和分化的基础上逐渐形成的。

西红柿的果肉属于（）A．保护组织B．营养组织C．输导组织D．分生组织【考点】植物的几种主要组织及功能．【答案】B【分析】植物的组织主要有保护组织、分生组织、营养组织、输导组织等，它们各有不同的特点和功能。

初一上册代数基础篇

第一讲有理数第一节基本概念1有理数的分类：整数和分数整数包括正整数，0，负整数。

分数包括正分数和负分数2非负整数就是自然数。

由0和正整数组成。

非正整数指的是既是整数又是非正数，实际上就是0和负整数。

3有理数的广义定义：能写成qp形式其中p,q为整数且p,q互质的数是有理数。

整数可以写为分母是1的分数。

4分数的分类：有限小数和循环小数。

有限小数是qp的p只有质因数2和5的分数，循环小数是qp中含有2，5以外的质因数。

有限小数的位数就是看质因数2，5中指数高的那个指数。

纯循环小数中的p 不含质因数2和5，混循环小数含有质因数2和5.2和5的指数较高的指数是不循环的位数。

5实数分为有理数和无理数。

无理数指的是无限不循环小数。

如π小数分为有限小数和无限小数。

无限小数分为循环小数和无限不循环小数。

6有理数都可以在数轴上表示，但数轴上的点表示的不一定是有理数，如π7数轴的定义：规定了原点、正方向和单位长度的直线叫做数轴。

原点、正方向和单位长度是数轴的三要素，原点位置的选定、正方向的取向、单位长度大小的确定，都是根据需要认为规定的。

直线也不一定是水平的。

动态演示各种类型的数轴。

认识和掌握判断一条直线是不是数轴的依据。

例题解析1：把下列各数填入表示它所在的数集的圈里：―18，722，3.1416，0，2001，53，―0.142857，95℅.正数集负数集整数集有理数集非负整数：非正整数：正有理数：负有理数：2把下列各数填入相应集合的括号内：29，―5.5，2002，76，―1，90%，3.14，0，―231，―0.01，―2，1（1）整数集合：{ }（2）分数集合：{ }（3）正数集合：{ }（4）负数集合：{ }（5）正整数集合：{ }（6）负整数集合：{ }（7）正分数集合：{ }（8）负分数集合：{ }（9）正有理数集合：{ }（10）负有理数集合：{ }注：要正确判断一个数属于哪一类，首先要弄清分类的标准。

(基础篇)2022-2023学年上学期小学语文人教部编版三年级同步分层富饶的西沙群岛(含答案)

（基础篇）2022-2023学年上学期小学语文人教部编版三年级同步分层作业18 富饶的西沙群岛一．试题（共10小题）1．在成语“成群结队”中“结”字的意思是（）A．聚，合B．结束，完了C．坚固耐用2．“西沙群岛的海里一半是水，一半是鱼”是告诉我们（）A．西沙群岛的海水多。

B．西沙群岛的海里鱼多。

C．西沙群岛的海里水和鱼一样多。

3．《富饶的西沙群岛》是一篇文章，介绍了祖国西沙群岛是个、的地方。

（）A．写景；美丽、富饶B．写地点；美丽、富饶C．记事；美丽、广阔4．下列词语互为近义词是（）A．富饶——富裕B．茂密——稀疏C．庞大——微小5．《富饶的西沙群岛》一课是按照“海面——海底”“海滩——海岛”这样的顺序写的。

（判断对错）6．根据课文内容连一连。

（《富饶的西沙群岛》）优美的花朵绽开的树林茂密的风景各种各样的西沙群岛五光十色的珊瑚物产丰富的海水7．在横线上填上恰当的词语。

的地方的花朵的鸟粪的肥料的条纹的贝壳8．将下列句子中画线部分用恰当的成语代替。

（1）小华自己跟自己独自低声地说：“如果我能像小鸟一样在天空飞翔，那该多好啊！”（2）西沙群岛一带海水色彩鲜艳，颜色繁多，瑰丽无比。

9．阅读短文，完成练习。

富饶的西沙群岛（节选）西沙群岛一带海水五光十色，瑰丽无比：有深蓝的，淡青的，浅绿的，杏黄的。

一块块，一条条，相互交错着。

因为海底高低不平，有山崖，有峡谷，海水有深有浅，从海面看，色彩就不同了。

（1）文中描写颜色的词语有：深蓝、、、。

“”一词概括说明了海水颜色多，它的近义词是。

（2）西沙群岛的海水就是这么美，没有哪里的海水能超过它的，用文中的一个词语来表达，就是“”。

（3）文段是围绕哪句话写的？找出来画“”。

（4）海水呈现出多种颜色的原因是什么呢？找出相关的句子画“”。

10．你和家人假日外出旅游时，不小心走散了，你打算找谁帮忙？你会怎么说？（基础篇）2022-2023学年上学期小学语文人教部编版三年级同步分层作业18 富饶的西沙群岛参考答案与试题解析一．试题（共10小题）1．【解答】成群结队：一群群人集合在一起。

小学作文基础篇上第11讲人物动作描写(三)

【成金，综合练习】
“斗智斗勇”小能手
是骡子是马，拉出来溜溜！
说一说：让你印象深刻的一个斗智斗勇的经历！
明确对象、动作
切分动作
一一对应
【硕果园】【B册“我写我秀”】
与斗，其“乐”无穷！
要求：跟大家分享一场有意思的“搏斗”，注意运用今天所学技巧，选择自己印象最深刻的一幕重点描绘，详细刻画人物动作。
永春
【名称】“咏春拳”或“泳春拳” 【起源】永春县严三娘、少林寺和尚至善、方永春【动作】上、中、下三搒手【身形】护裆，沉肩，落膊，抱拳，护胸
【手型】凤眼拳、柳叶掌【攻防】闪身、贴身、紧迫、紧打，敏捷，快速，
刚柔相间。
【智慧屋】【技法大转盘】
人物动作描写交替性
【智慧屋】【技法大转盘】
【情境】瑶瑶捉蝴蝶
捉瑶瑶
挪抬并拢靠近伸夹
躲蝴蝶
立扑腾穿梭落挣扎
【智慧屋】【技法大转盘】
木易老师开讲啦！
【放大招】
2.“见招拆招”，一一对应。
【智慧屋】【小试牛刀】
【情境】瑶瑶捉蝴蝶
捉瑶瑶
挪抬并拢靠近伸夹
躲躲蝴蝶
立扑腾穿梭落挣扎
【智慧屋】【点石成金】
西游记故事知多少
【智慧屋】【点石成金】
【情境：孙悟空三打白骨精】
【智慧屋】【牛刀小试】
【智慧屋】【课堂笔记】
大家记住
了吗？
【方法小结】
1.化整为零，切分动作。 2.“见招拆招”，一一对应。
【新秀场】
【举一反三，链接生活】
大家快来说说一说：你与人或小动物斗智斗勇的经历吧！
一说吧！