高级英语课文详解共43页
高级英语课文Everyday Use
Detailed study of the text:
• 1. wavy: having regular curves –A wavy line has a series of regular curves along it. –The wavy lines are meant to represent water. • Here in the text the word describes the marks in wavy patterns on the clay ground left by the broom.
II. Detailed study of the text:
• 18. sweet gum tree: a large North American tree of the witch hazel (榛子) family, with alternate maplelike leaves, spiny (多刺的) fruit balls, and flagrant juice
• To smile into each other‟s face
II. Detailed study of the text:
• 7. limousine: A limousine is a large and very comfortable car
• sports car: a low usu. open car with room for only 2 people for traveling with high power and speed
II. Detailed study of the text:
• I was shuffling in my seat. • cf: • totter (n.6), sidle(n. 15), shuffle
《高级英语》第一册课文7-15翻译、词汇_张汉熙
Learn General Secretary on "two to learn a" strengthening "four Consciousnesses" important speech caused a strong reaction in the country. Time, watching "red treasure", the origin of building the party back to power, how to strengthen services for the masses, improve party cohesion, fighting to become the grass-roots party members and masses hot topic. Grass-roots party organizations "two" is to strengthen the service of party members and cadres, the pioneer spirit. Distribution of grass-roots party organizations in all walks of people, clothing, shelter, which belongs to the nerve endings of the party organization and comments reputation has a direct perception of the masses. Strengthen the party ahead of the "pedal" spirit; strengthen the party members and cadres "success does not have to be me" and "the first to bear hardships, the last to" service spirit to set the party's positive image among the people is important. Grass-roots party organizations "two" is to cleanse all people not happy not to see "stereotypes", establish the honest faithful, diligent faith for the people. No need to avoid mentioning that, some members of our party can not stand the "money," corrosion of temptation, thin, Xu Zhou, such abuse and corrupt bribery, malfeasance borers, and rats. Two, is to clean up, thin, Xu, Zhou's solution to restore the party's fresh and natural, solid and honest work style. Cleansing "take, eat, card," undesirable and behaviour, "cross, hard and cold, push" attitude. Grass-roots party organizations "two" is to strengthen the sense of ordinary party members, participating in consciousness, unity consciousness. For reasons known, members of grass-roots party branches less mobile, less resources, and the construction of party organizations have some lag. Two studies, is to focus on the grass-roots party branches "loose, soft, loose" problem, advance the party members and cadres, "a gang working", "Hong Kong report." Strong cleanup actions, style and rambling, presumptuous "unqualified" party members, pays special attention to party members and cadres "joining party of thought" problem. "Party building" is obtained in the long-term development of our party's historical experience accumulated. Two is our party under the new historical conditions, strengthen the party's construction of a new "rectification movement." Grass-roots party organizations should always catch the hard work, results-oriented. Two educational outcomes are long-term oriented and become an important impetus for the work. "Two" should have three kinds of consciousness "two" study and education, basic learning lies in the doing. Only the Constitution address the series of party rules, and do solid work, be qualified party members had a solid ideological basis. Only the "learning" and "do" real unity, to form a "learn-learn-do-do" the virtuous cycle, and ultimately achieve the fundamental objective of education. This requires that the Organization《高级英语》第一册课文翻译及词汇章美芳第七课神奇的集成电路片时代 (1)第八课互相作用的生活 (1)第九课马克•吐温——美国的一面镜子 (6)第十课震撼世界的审判 (13)第十一课词典的用途究竟何在? (21)第十二课潜水鸟 (29)第十三课大不列颠望洋兴叹 (40)第十四课阿真舍湾 (46)第十五课海上无路标 (62)learning education, need three kinds of consciousness: one is to establish an integrated awareness. "Learning" and "do" what car isTwo-wheel, bird wings, need to go hand in hand, one end can be neglected. Communist theoretician and man. Only by closely combining theory and practice together in order to truly realize their value. "Learning" is the Foundation, the Foundation is not strong, shaking; " "Is the key to net to net thousands of accounts. "Two" education, "" lay the basis, going to "do" the key grip, so that the "learning" and "doing" back to standard, so that the majority of party members "learn" learning theory of nutrients, in the "doing" practice party's purposes. Second, to establish a sense of depth. "Learning" and "do" not Chu drawn, entirely different, but the organic unity of the whole. "Two" learning education, we need to explore integrating "learning" in "do", exhibit "do" in "Science". To avoid the "learning" into simple room instruction, "do" into a monotone for doing. Should exploration "learn" in the has "do", "do" in the has "learn" of education and practice of carrier, makes general grass-roots members can in "learn" in the has "do" of achievements sense, in "do" in the has "learn" of get sense, real makes party of theory brain into heart, put for people service concept outside of Yu shaped. Third, to adhere to long-term the awareness. Style construction on the road forever, "two" had to catch the long-term. "Two" study and education, by no means, assault-style wind-sport, but the recurrent education within the party. In recent years, the party's mass line education practice and "three-three" special education in grass-roots borne rich fruits, vast numbers of party members and cadres withstood the baptism of the spirit. "Two" greater need to focus on longer hold long-term, to establish and perfect the effective mechanism of the education, focusing on the creation of long-term education, strive to make the vast number of party members to maintain their vanguard Color, maintain the party's advanced nature and purity. Awareness-raising, antennas and atmosphere – a discussion on how leading cadres of party members "two" current, "two" activity is in full swing up and down the country, party cadres as a "key minority" is both a barometer and impetus. The "two" meaning enough deep, is to determine the party cadres can resolve to study hard first. In the "two" in the process, some cadres of himself, standing long, high awareness, that Constitution Party rules is simple, its not worth bothering some party cadres think speak series has nothing to do with the grass-roots work, water business learning series of speeches seen as window dressing. These "lazy, casual, and decadent" ideas learning lacks motivation, a serious impediment to "two" effect. John Stuart Mill once said, only a basic element of human thought patterns change dramatically, human destiny can make great improvement. The same, only party members and第七课神奇的集成电路片时代(节选)新生的微型技术将使社会发生巨变1这是一个极小的薄片，只有大约四分之一英寸见方。
高级英语blackmail课文解析
高级英语blackmail课文解析示例文章篇一：《<高级英语“Blackmail”课文解析>》哎呀，今天咱们就来说说高级英语里的那篇“Blackmail”吧。
这篇课文可真是像一场超级刺激的电影一样呢！一、故事中的人物课文里有好几个特别鲜明的人物呢。
首先就是那个公爵夫人，哇，她可真是个厉害的角色。
她就像是一只高傲的孔雀，穿着华丽的衣服，带着那种贵族特有的傲慢。
你看她，在面对事情的时候，总是想着怎么维护自己家族的名声，就像守着宝藏一样，这宝藏就是他们家族几百年来的声誉呀。
她说话的时候那种高高在上的感觉，真的让人觉得有点讨厌，可是又不得不佩服她的那种冷静。
然后就是那个叫奥格尔维的侦探。
他呀，就像一只狡猾的狐狸。
他知道公爵夫人和公爵的秘密，就想着从这个秘密里捞一笔。
他那胖胖的身体，看起来有点滑稽，可是他的眼睛里却透着那种精明的光。
他和公爵夫人的对话就像是一场激烈的战斗，两个人都在互相试探，互相揣摩对方的心思。
他说的每一句话都像是在给公爵夫人下套，想让她乖乖地把钱交出来。
还有公爵呢，虽然课文里对他描写得没有公爵夫人那么多，可是他就像一个影子一样，一直在背后影响着整个事情的发展。
他的错误就像一颗定时炸弹，随时都可能把他们家族的名声炸得粉碎。
二、情节的起伏这篇课文的情节就像坐过山车一样。
一开始，奥格尔维发现了公爵夫妇的秘密，然后他就大摇大摆地去见公爵夫人。
这时候，公爵夫人还不知道他的来意呢，还以为他只是来汇报一些普通的事情。
可是当奥格尔维慢慢地把秘密透露出来的时候，气氛一下子就紧张起来了。
就像突然有一片乌云遮住了阳光，房间里变得阴森森的。
公爵夫人一开始还试图用自己的身份来压奥格尔维，她觉得自己是贵族，这个小侦探肯定不敢对她怎么样。
她就像一只母狮子在保护自己的领地一样，充满了攻击性。
可是奥格尔维根本不吃这一套，他继续说着那些威胁的话。
这时候，公爵夫人开始慌了，她知道这个秘密要是被传出去，那可就不得了了。
[精华版]张汉熙高级英语课文详解第2册1-5课
![[精华版]张汉熙高级英语课文详解第2册1-5课](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/73319e44b7360b4c2f3f641a.png)
[精华版]张汉熙高级英语课文详解第2册1-5课Lesson OnePart One: paragraph 1 --- paragraph 6sh: v. to move quickly or violently 猛烈冲击、猛打(1) 暴风雨袭击了海岸的那片树林。
Rainstorm lashed the forest on the coast.(2) 冰雹无情地打下来。
Hail lashed down mercilessly.(3) The waves are lashing the shore.(4) A rising wind was lashing the rain against the window.2.pummel/ pommel: n.v. to beat or hit with repeated blows, esp. with the fist 用拳头连续敲打(1) The thief was pushed and pummeled by an angry crowd.(2) 他诱骗那人到角落狠狠揍了他30秒钟。
He trapped the man in a corner and pummeled him ferociously for thirty seconds.3. Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama4. California, Las Vegas5. consult: go to a person or book for informationconsult sb.: ask sb. for special information, adviceconsult with sb.: to exchange opinions of sb.6. Hurricane Betsy:a powerful Hurricane of the 1965 Atlantic Hurricane season which caused enormous damage inthe Bahamas, Florida, and Louisiana.7. A good: at least, full(1) 我们足足等了三个小时. We waited for a good three hours.(2) 昨晚Bill在酒馆里喝得烂醉. Bill had a good drink at the pub last night.(3) It is a good five hours to drive to the railway station.(4) His parents gave him a good beating.8. We can batten down and ride it out.A metaphor: compare the house in a hurricane to a ship fighting a storm at seaWe can make the necessary preparations and survive the hurricane without much damage.9. Batten: to fasten with battens 用压条钉住(或固定)10. Ride it out: to stay afloat during a storm without much damage.11. Scud: (of clouds or ships) to move swiftly, glide or skim along easily 疾行、飞驰、掠过(1) The ship scuds before the wind.(2) White clouds scudded across the sky.12. Vietnam(1) A country of southeast Asia (2) Capital: Hanoi (3) The largest city: Ho Chi Minh City (4)Population: 84,400,000 (5) the Red River (6) the Mekong River Delta 13. Sit out:(1) It’s hot indoors. Let’s sit out in the garden.sit sth. out: a. to stay to the end of a performanceb. take no part in (esp. a particular dance) (2) The play was boring, but we sat it out.(3) I think I will sit out the next dance.Part Two: paragraph 7 --- paragraph 271. French door: two adjoining doors that have glass panes from topto bottom and they open inthe middleto throw away; (fig.) to do sth. with a lot of enthusiasm and energy.2. Fling: to throw violently ;(1) She flung her shoe at the cat.(2) The youth got him by the front of his shirt and flung him to the ground. (3) How can you fling your wife away?(4) He has flung up studies.(5) She flung herself into her career.3. shove: push with quick, violent movement. 猛推(1)人们推推搡搡挤向火车。
高级英语第一册1~6课课文解析与答案
高级英语第一册1~6课课文解析与答案第一单元Page44) The pole is attached at the one end to an upright post around which it can revolve, and at the other to a blind-folded camel, which walks constantly in a circle, providing the motive power to turn the stone wheel.翻译：磙轴的一端与一根立柱相连，使石磙可以绕立柱作旋转运动，另一端则套在一头蒙着眼罩的骆驼身上，通过骆驼不停地绕圈子走动来带动石磙旋转。
5) The machine is operated by one man, who shovels the linseed pulp into a stone vat, climbs up nimbly to a dizzy height to fasten ropes, and then throws his weight on to a great beam made out of a tree trunk to set the ropes and pulleys in motion. Ancient girders creak and groan, ropes tighten and then a trickle of oil oozes down a stone runnel into a used petrol can. Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards, taut and protesting, its creaks blending with the squeaking and rumbling of the grinding-wheels and the occasional grunts and sighs of the camels.翻译：这套装置是由一个人操作的。
高级英语6课文解析-Jerusalem-the-Golden
5.Bensun burners(p.3)
It is a burner used in lab.
the fire of Bunsen burner
6. Boyle’s Law(p.5)
Boyle’s Law (波义耳定律)
有时又称 Mariotte's Law: 在定量定温下，理想气体的体积 与气体的压力成反比。
Style of writing
• Realistic writing • Influenced by writers: Jane Austen, George Eliot,
Arnold Bennett
• chronicled women's lives • portray different characters to reflect the
• In 1982, she married the writer and biographer Sir Michael Holroyd; they live in London and Somerset.
• "Lucky in work, unlucky in love"
Famous Works
Starred First)
• James Tait Black Memorial Prize for fiction
Family
LOVE
John F. Drabble
Kathleen Marie
Dame Antonia
Byatt
Dame Margaret Drabble
Helen Langdon
【This story gives us a hint that we shouldn't be blind to the
高级英语第一册lesson6-Blackmail-课文详解2-detail-study、背景知识、文章结构及修辞学习
高级英语第一册lesson6-Blackmail-课文详解2-detail-study、背景知识、文章结构及修辞学习高级英语第一册lesson6 Blackmail 课文详解2 detail study、背景知识、文章结构及修辞学习2008-02-11 12:11:18| 分类：默认分类| 标签：|字号大中小订阅高级英语第一册lesson6 Blackmail 课文详解2 detail study、背景知识、文章结构及修辞学习2007年01月01日星期一下午11:4896. bulbous: shaped like a bulb, swelling and disgustingly fat and roundbulbous dome / nose97. peremptorily: (fml) showing an expectation of being obeyed at once and without questi on, impolitely and unfriendly, commanding, insisting obedience98. rivet: metal pin for fasten plates.to hold or fasten with or as if with rivetscf: glare, stare, fix99. feature: any of the noticeable parts of the facea man with Oriental featuresHer mouth is her worst feature / best feature, like a cherry.100. set in a mould:When you take a picture, you set your body, your countenance ...in a certain way. That is to set in a mould.(A lame one-eyed king taking a picture)mould (Am.E) = mould (Br.E): character, distinctive nature, a person's character, nature, et c., considered as having been shaped by family type, education, training, experience, etc.Be cast in a mould of a particular kind means to have the characteristics, attitudes, behavio ur or lifestyle that are typical of that kind of personbe made / cast in mould ofHe is made in his father's mould. (He has the same personality and character as his father' s)101. imperious: in tensely compelling, marked by arrogant assurance, dominating. This wo rd is related to imperial.The whole sentence can be paraphrased as follows:Her handsome high-cheekboned features were set in a way which shows her imperial char acter.102. respite: a short period of pause or rest, during a time of great effort pain, or trouble, a t ime of relief (as from labour, suffering or war) or delay (as before sentencing or executing).The patient said he never had any respite from the pain.Sentence sb. to death with 2-years' respite.103. bore: make a hole inThis machine can bore through solid rock.104. swallow: to take back, to keep from expressing or showing, to accept without question ing, protest or resentmentto swallow one's words: take back what was said105. sullen: silently bad-tempered, unforgiving, dark, gloomylook sullen, to wear a sullen look106. comply: act according to a demand, order, ruleto comply with the law / regulations107. vacillation: hesitation, uncertainty, waver, continuous changing of one's opinionsThis word implies prolonged hesitation resulting from one's inability to reach a decisionHe vacillates between accepting & not accepting.The earthquake caused the entire house vacillate.108. dally: to waste time or be slowDon't dally or we'll be late.dally over one's work109. bulge: to swell out as a result of the pressure from within110. bead: small ball of glass or other material with a hole through it for a string worn with other others on a thread, esp. round the neck for ornament.She is wearing a string of green beads.背景知识Background informationTitle of the novel: HotelSetting:The story happened in a hotel named St. Gregory /'greg ri/ in New Orleans, Louisiana which is in the south of US.Main character of the novel:Peter McDermott, assistant general managerMain characters in this part of the novel:Ogilvie: chief house officerthe Duke of Croydon: newly appointed British ambassador to the United Statesthe Duchess of Croydon: wife of the Dukea prostitute called lady friend by OgilviePlot:Gregory was now at the brink of bankruptcy, but Peter McDermott is trying every means he could to save it.Several events happened during the week with the present text as part of it.The Duke of Croydon was an internationally famous statesman and the newly appointed Br itish ambassador to Washington. They occupied the best suite of the hotel.Monday evening, the Duke went to the gambling house. Later, his wife pursued and found him. On their way back, the car Jaguar knocked down a woman and her child. Both killed.Then we have the present text....At one o'clock Thursday morning, Ogilvie drove the car north. But he was seen leaving the hotel by McDermott. Later in the afternoon, McDermott witnessed the funeral of the two victims o f the accident. He suddenly realized the relation between these two events and contacted police.Ogilvie was caught in Tennessee and sent back to New Orleans.The Duke decided to go to the police to confess his crime (to surrender himself / to give hi mself up). But he was hurled out the elevator due to the breakdown of it. He hit the cement groun d and died instantly.Anyway, the novel had a pleasant ending.One of the guests, who looked old and sick, turned out to be a millionaire. Earlier he was s eriously ill and was saved by McDermott and his girl friend. To show his gratitude and to repay t he hotel staffs' kindness, he bought the hotel and appointed McDermott executive vice president of the hotel.This kind of novels are called thrillers. Generally defining, a thriller is a work of fiction or dr ama designed to hold the interest by the use of a high degree of intrigue, adventure or suspense. (thrill: to cause sudden strong feeling of joy, fear, excitement, pleasure etc. that seems to flow r ound the body like a wave)Others can be called cop-criminal novels, detective novels. The main purpose is for enterta inment, amusement. Very often this kind of novels contain a lot of action, usu. suspension, not v ery much deep thought, without moral intention, not considered classic.The basic technique is to make the whole story of crime into sth. like a jigsaw puzzle. You c an not see the outcome until the final part is put in.文章结构Structural and stylistic analysisPart 1. PreludeThe chief house officer...Ogilvie remained standing {p.84 (old book, ditto)}.Section 1. The chief house officer...that both might return at any moment.The setting, main characters, and the suspension.Section 2. A wave of cigar smoke...Ogilvie remained standing.The preliminary encounter between the house detective and the Croydons.Part 2: Process of unveiling the crimeNow then...the Duchess turned away (p. 89).Section 1. Now then...Now we're getting somewhere (p. 86).First round of clash. the Duke confessed his crime.Section 2. Wearily, in a gesture...I can prove all I need to (p.87).Second round of clash. Ogilvie spelt out what he found out about the activity of the Croydo ns and tried to confirm all the detailed. The Duchess tried to win back the upper hand.Section 3. The Duke cautioned...the Duchess turned away (p. 89).The Croydons realized that they were convicted of the crime. The conviction was undeniabl e.Part 3. The Dirty DealSection 1. Her husband asked...You people are hot (p.91).Eliminating the possibility of having the car repaired in New Orleans.The possibility of not being found.Section 2. The Duchess ...Or had they? (p. 93)The interior monologue of the Duchess. Her judgement, analysis and calculation of the situ ation, weighing the advantages and disadvantages, the pros and cons.Section 3. (The Duchess faced Ogilvie... the silence hung (p. 94)The Duchess' decision to gamble on the greed of the house detective.Section 4. The ending.The dirty deal reached.修辞学习RHETORICMetaphor:...the nerves of both ... were excessively frayed...his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.The words spat forth with sudden savagery.Her tone ...withered......self-assurance...flickered...The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind. Her voice was a whiplash.eyes bored into himI’ll spell it out.Euphemism:...and you took a lady friend.Metonymy:won 100 at the tableslost it at the barthey'll throw the book,...Onomatopoeia:appreciative chuckleclucked his tongue。
【大学英语专业教材】高级英语（张汉熙主编）第四册课文及习题详解
u the thesis ----“ All colonial empires are founded upon this fact”
u the author's central idea
uColonializa on is based on the fact that people are very poor.
un l it is needed.
u= store
ustowst –ow away = hide
u 土豆要在阴凉避光处储藏。 u Potatoes must be stowed in a cool dark place.
u stow away:
u My jewellery is safely stowed away in the bank. u The hungry boy stowed away all the food on the table.
upome --- apple
ugranate ---- uhaving many seeds
chant ---words repeated in a monotonous tone of voice
u 1. a word or group of words that is repeated over and over again, usually by more
ufrenTzhieedre – isa daj . warp in her nature. ufull of uncontrolled excitement
u那狗狂吠著跳起扑向闯进来的人. uThe dog jumped at the intruder with frenzied barks. u--- make frenzied efforts
高级英语第二册课文
Hiroshima -- the "Liveliest”City in Japan“Hiroshima! Everybody off!” That must be what the man in the Japanese stationmaster's uniform shouted, as the fastest train in the world slipped to a stop in Hiroshima Station. I did not understand what he was saying. First of all, because he was shouting in Japanese. And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything a Nippon railways official might say. The very act of stepping on this soil, in breathing this air of Hiroshima, was for me a far greater adventure than any trip or any reportorial assignment I'd previously taken. Was I not at the scene of the crime?The Japanese crowd did not appear to have the same preoccupations that I had. From the sidewalk outside the station, things seemed much the same as in other Japanese cities. Little girls and elderly ladies in kimonos rubbed shoulders with teenagers and women in western dress. Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them, and bobbed up and down re-heatedly in little bows, as they exchanged the ritual formula of gratitude and respect: "Tomo aligato gozayimas." Others were using little red telephones that hung on the facades of grocery stores and tobacco shops."Hi! Hi!" said the cab driver, whose door popped open at the very sight of a traveler. "Hi", or something that sounds very much like it, means "yes". "Can you take me to City Hall?" He grinned at me in the rear-view mirror and repeated "Hi!" "Hi! ’ We set off at top speed through the narrow streets of Hiroshima. The tall buildings of the martyred city flashed by as we lurched from side to side in response to the driver's sharp twists of the wheel.Just as I was beginning to find the ride long, the taxi screeched to a halt, and the driver got out and went over to a policeman to ask the way. As in Tokyo, taxi drivers in Hiroshima often know little of their city, but to avoid loss of face before foreigners, will not admit their ignorance, and will accept any destination without concern for how long it may take them to find it.At last this intermezzo came to an end, and I found myself in front of the gigantic City Hall. The usher bowed deeply and heaved a long, almost musical sigh, when I showed him the invitation which the mayor had sent me in response to my request for an interview. "That is not here, sir," he said in English. "The mayor expects you tonight for dinner with other foreigners or, the restaurant boat. See? This is where it is.” He s ketched a little map for me on the back of my invitation.Thanks to his map, I was able to find a taxi driver who could take me straight to the canal embankment , where a sort of barge with a roof like one on a Japanese house was moored . The Japanese build their traditional houses on boats when land becomes too expensive. The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.At the door to the restaurant, a stunning, porcelain-faced woman in traditional costume asked me to remove my shoes. This done, I entered one of the low-ceilinged rooms of the little floating house, treading cautiously on the soft matting and experiencing a twingeof embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in my socks.He was a tall, thin man, sad-eyed and serious. Quite unexpectedly, the strange emotion which had overwhelmed me at the station returned, and I was again crushed by the thought that I now stood on the site of the first atomic bombardment, where thousands upon thousands of people had been slain in one second, where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony .The introductions were made. Most of the guests were Japanese, and it was difficult for me to ask them just why we were gathered here. The few Americans and Germans seemed just as inhibited as I was. "Gentlemen," said the mayor, "I am happy to welcome you to Hiroshima."Everyone bowed, including the Westerners. After three days in Japan, the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible."Gentlemen, it is a very great honor to have you her e in Hiroshima."There were fresh bows, and the faces grew more and more serious each time the name Hiroshima was repeated."Hiroshima, as you know, is a city familiar to everyone,” continued the mayor."Yes, yes, of course,” murmured the company, more and more agitated."Seldom has a city gained such world renown, and I am proud and happy to welcome you to Hiroshima, a town known throughout the world for its--- oysters".I was just about to make my little bow of assent, when the meaning of these last words sank in, jolting me out of my sad reverie ."Hiroshima – oysters? What about the bomb and the misery and humanity's most heinous crime?" While the mayor went on with his speech in praise of southern Japanese sea food, I cautiously backed away and headed toward the far side of the room, where a few men were talking among themselves and paying little attention to the mayor's speech. "You look puzzled," said a small Japanese man with very large eye-glasses."Well, I must confess that I did not expect a speech about oysters here. I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact of the atomic impact .""No one talks about it any more, and no one wants to, especially, the people who were born here or who lived through it. "Do you feel the same way, too?""I was here, but I was not in the center of town. I tell you this because I am almost an old man. There are two different schools of thought in this city of oysters, one that would like to preserve traces of the bomb, and the other that would like to get rid of everything, even the monument that was erected at the point of impact. They would also like to demolish the atomic museum.""Why would they want to do that?""Because it hurts everybody, and because time marches on. That is why." The small Japanese man smiled, his eyes nearly closed behind their thick lenses. "If you write about this city, do not forget to say that it is the gayest city in Japan, even it many of the town's people still bear hidden wounds, and burns."Like any other, the hospital smelled of formaldehyde and ethere . Stretchers and wheelchairs lined the walls of endless corridors, and nurses walked by carrying Stretchers instruments, the very sight of which would send shivers down the spine of any healthy visitor. The so-called atomic section was located on the third floor. It consisted of 17 beds."I am a fisherman by trade. I have been here a very long time, more than twenty years, "said an old man in Japanese pajamas. “What is wrong with you?”"Something inside. I was in Hiroshima when it happened. I saw the fire ball. But I had no burns on my face or body. I ran all over the city looking for missing friends and relatives. I thought somehow I had been spared. But later my hair began to fall out, and my belly turned to water. I felt sick, and ever since then they have been testing and treating me. "The doctor at my side explained and commented upon the old man's story, "We still hare a handful of patients here who are being kept alive by constant car e. The other s died as a result of their injuries, or else committed suicide. ""Why did they commit suicide?""It is humiliating to survive in this city. If you bear any visible scars of atomic burns, your children will encounter prejudice on the par t of those who do not. No one will marry the daughter or the niece of an atomic bomb victim. People are afraid of genetic damage from the radiation." The old fisherman gazed at me politely and with interest.Hanging over the patient was a big ball made of bits of brightly colored paper, folded into the shape of tiny birds. "What's that?" I asked."Those are my lucky birds. Each day that I escape death, each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares, I make a new little paper bird, and add it to the others. This way I look at them and congratulate myself of the good fortune that my illness has brought me. Because, thanks to it, I have the opportunity to improve my character."Once again, outside in the open air, I tore into little pieces a small notebook with questions that I'd prepared in advance for inter views with the patients of the atomic ward. Among them was the question: Do you really think that Hiroshima is the liveliest city in Japan? I never asked it. But I could read the answer in every eye.ExercisesI．Give brief answers to the following questions, using your own words as much as possible:1) Can you guess the writer's occupation, and perhaps, his nationality?2) What do you think was the aim of the visit?3) What thoughts were on his mind? Were there other visitors from abroad? Did they share his views? How do you know?4) What was his attitude towards Hiroshima?5) Were the Japanese preoccupied with the same thoughts as the writer was ?6) Was Hiroshima in any way different from other Japanese cities?7) The bomb was dropped on Hiroshima in August 1945. How has the city been rebuilt since then?8) Even in this short description one may find some of the problems of Japan, or at least, of Hiroshima. Can you say what they are?9) Why didn' t the writer ask the patients of the atomic ward the questions he had prepared in advance?10) What was the answer he read in every eyeⅡ .Paraphrase:1) Serious looking men spoke to one another as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them.2) The cab driver’ s doo r popped open at the very sight of a traveler.3) The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt.4) I experienced a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in my socks.5) The few Americans and Germans seemed just as inhibited as I was.6) After three days in Japan, the spinal column becomes extraordinarily flexible.7) I was about to make my little bow of assent, when the meaning of these last words sank in, jolting me out of my sad reverie.8) I thought somehow I had been spared.III .Translate the following into Chinese:1) And secondly, because I had a lump in my throat and a lot of sad thoughts on my mind that had little to do with anything a Nippon railways official might say. The very act of stepping on this soil, in breathing this air ofHiroshima, was for me a far greater adventure than any trip or any reportorial assignment I' d previously taken. Was 1 not at the scene of the crime?2) Quite unexpectedly, the strange emotion which had over-whelmed me at the station returned, and I was again crushed by the thought that I now stood on the site of the first atomic bombardment, where thousands upon thousands of people had been slain in one second, where thousands upon thou-sands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony.3) “There are two different schools of thought in this city of oysters, one that would like to preserve traces of the bomb, and the other that would like to get rid of everything, even the monument that was erected at the point of impact."4) "If you bear any visible scars of atomic burns, your children will encounter prejudice on the part of those who do not."5) "Each day that I escape death, each day of suffering that helps to free me from earthly cares, I make a new little paper bird, and add it to the others. This way I look at them and congratulate myself on the good fortune that illness has brought me. Because, thanks to it, I have the opportunity to improve my character. "IV．Explain how the following adjectives are formed. Give examples to illustrate the different ways of compounding adjectives.1) timesaving, painstaking 2) man-made, poverty-stricken3) carefree, snow-white 4) porcelain-faced, chicken-hearted5) sad-eyed, low-ceilinged 6) longstanding, good-looking7) full-fledged, ready-madeV .Explain how the meaning of the following sentences is affected when the italicized words are replaced with the words in brackets. Pay attention to the shades of meaning of the words.1) That must be what the man shouted. (was)2) Was I not at the scene of the crime? ( Was I at the scene...?)3) Elderly ladies rubbed shoulders with teen-agers. (old)4) He grinned at me in the rear-view mirror. (smiled, laughed)5) He sketched a little map on the back of my invitation. (drew)6) I treaded cautiously on the tatami matting. (carefully)7) I stood on the site of the first atomic bombardment. (spot)8) They would also like to demolish the atomic museum. (destroy)9) It is the gayest city in Japan. (most delightful)10) The old fisherman gazed at me politely and with interest.( stared)VI. Replace the italicized words with simple, everyday words:1) The very act... was for me a far greater adventure than any trip or any reportorial assignment I’ d previously taken. ( )2) as if they were oblivious of the crowds about them ( )3) Others were using little red telephones that hung on the facades of grocery stores and tobacco shops. ( )4) The rather arresting spectacle of little old Japan adrift amid beige concrete skyscrapers is the very symbol of the incessant struggle between the kimono and the miniskirt. ( ) ( ) ( )5) and experiencing a twinge of embarrassment at the prospect of meeting the mayor of Hiroshima in my socks( ) ( )6) where thousands upon thousands of people had been slain in one second ( )7) where thousands upon thousands of others had lingered on to die in slow agony ( )8) Seldom has a city gained such world renown. ( )9) jolting me out of my sad reverie ( )10) I thought that Hiroshima still felt the impact of the atomic cataclysm. ( )11) They would also like to demolish the atomic museum.( )12) your children will encounter prejudice on the part of those who do not ( )VII. Translate the following into Chinese:1) What he said just now had little to do with the question under discussion.2) The site of the battle brought back to him memories of the fiery year s of the Anti-Japanese War.3) He was so absorbed in his work that he was oblivious of the goings-on around him.4) The newspaper reporters got excited at the very sight of the Nobel Prize winner.5) -- What was the word the teacher used? I didn' t quite catch it.-- Nor did I, but it sounded very much like "preoccupation".6) Another turn and we found ourselves in a spacious cavern bigenough to hold a couple of hundred people.7) People listened with open-mouthed astonishment while the shocking news sank in.8) Molten iron is poured into the mixer much in the same way as tea is poured into a cup from a teapot.9) The unsuccessful operation weighed heavily on the young surgeon' s mind.10) The general often went to the barracks and rubbed shoulders with the rank and file.VIII. Choose the right words to complete the following sentences and make changes where necessary.1) Since the conference was held on Chinese ___, security was no problem. (soil, earth)2) The ____ here is sandy, and therefore, very poor. (soil, earth)3) He is so strong that he can carry four basketfuls of at a time. (soil, earth)4) He is a down-to- sort of fellow. (soil, earth)5) His face is _ __ me, but I can’ t recall his name. (familiar with, familiar to)6) Are you _ _ these technical terms? (familiar with, familiar to)7) I was ___when he told me that he and his brother were born on the same day but were not twins. "We have a sister of the same age, you see' so we are triplets!” He grinned at me and said. (surprise, puzzle)8) As the Chinese table-tennis players are the best in the world, it was not _ that they took away most of the cups. (surprising, puzzling)9) He is vain and seldom his mistakes. (admit, confess)10) As the offender his crime, he was dealt with leniently. (admit, confess)11) The doctor gave the old man a ___ examination and congratulated him on his speedy recovery. (careful, cautious)12) The troops advanced because the area had been mined by the enemy. (carefully, cautiously)Ⅸ .Translate the following into English (using the following words or expressions: by trade, to spare, to be oblivious of, to have... to do, mind, very much like, much the same as, to rub shoulders, to smell of, to sink in, very, must):1) 礼堂里一个人都没有，会议一定是延期了。
高级英语第一册详细讲解
⾼级英语第⼀册详细讲解Lesson one The Middle Eastern Bazaar⼀． Background information⼆．Brief overview and writing styleThis text is a piece of description. In this article, the author describes a vivid and live scene of noisy hilarity of the Middle Eastern Bazaar to readers. At first, he describes the general atmosphere of the bazaar. The entrance of the bazaar is aged and noisy. However, as one goes through the bazaar, the noise the entrance fades away. One of the peculiarities of the Eastern bazaar is that shopkeepers dealing in the same kind of goods gather in the same area. Then the author introduces some strategies for bargaining with the seller in the bazaar which are quite useful. After that he describes some impressive specific market of the bazaar particularly including the copper-smiths market, the carpet-market, the spice-market, the food-market, the dye-market, the pottery-market and the carpenter’s market which honeycomb the bazaar. The typical animal in desert----camels----can also attract attention by their disdainful expressions. To the author the most unforgettable thing in the bazaar is the place where people make linseed oil. Hence he describes this complicated course with great details.The author’s vivid and splendid description takes readers back to hundreds of thousands of years age to the aged middle eastern bazaar, which gives the article an obvious diachronic and spatial sense. The appeal to readers’ visual and hearing sense throughout the description is also a marked feature of this piece of writing. In short, being a Westerner, the author views the oriental culture and civilization as old and backward but interesting and fantastic. Through careful observation and detailed comparison, the author depicts some new and original peculiarities of the Middle Eastern bazaar which are unique and distinguished.三．Detailed study of the textParagraph 1 the general atmosphere of the bazaar1. The Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back…of years:1) Middle East: generally referring to the area from Afghanistan to Egypt, includingthe Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, and Asiatic Turkey.2) A bazaar is an oriental market-place where a variety of goods is sold. The wordperhaps comes from the Persian word bazar.（中东和印度等的）集市，市场was ancient, the bricks and stones were aged and the economy was a handicraft economy which no longer existed in the West.2. The one I am thinking of particularly is entered…:1) is entered..: The present tense used here is called “historical present(历史现在时)”. It is used for vividness.2) Gothic: of a style of building in Western Europe between the 12th and 16th centuries,with pointed arches , arched roofs, tall thin pillars, and stained glass windows.3) aged: having existed long; very old3. You pass from the heat and glare of a big open square into a cool, dark cavern…: 1) Here “the heat” is contrasted with “cool”, “glare” with “dark”, and“open square” with “cavern”.2) glare: strong, fierce, unpleasant light, not so agreeable and welcome as “brightsunlight”.强光，耀眼的光3) “cavern” here does not really mean a cave or an underground chamber. Fromthe text we can see it is a long, narrow, dark street of workshops and shops with some sort of a roof over them.⼤洞⽳（尤指⼤⽽⿊的）and the brightness of the sunlight is most disagreeable. But when you enter the gateway, you come to a long, narrow, dark street with some sort of a roof over it and it is cool inside.4. which extends as far as the eye can see:The word eye and ear are used in the singular not to mean the concrete organ of sight or hearing but something abstract; they are often used figuratively. Here the eye means man’s power of seeing or eyesight. .1)She has an eye for beauty.2)The boy has a sharp eye.3)To turn a blind eye / a deaf ear to sth or sb.4)His words are unpleasant to the ear.5. losing itself in the shadowy distance…: shadowy suggests shifting illumination and distinct. . A zig-zag path loses itself in the shadowy distance of the woods.（⼀条蜿蜒的⼩路隐没在树荫深处。
高级英语第一册Unit 1 (文章结构+课文讲解+课文翻译+课后练习+答案)
《高级英语》Advanced English第一册Unit 1The Middle Eastern BazaarTHE MIDDLE EASTERN BAZAAR 教学目的及重点难点Aims of teaching1. To comprehend the whole text2. To lean and master the vocabulary and expressions3. To understand the structure of the text4. To appreciate the style and rhetoric of the passage.Important and difficult points1. What is description?2. The comprehension and appreciation of the words describing sound, colour, light, heat, size and smell.3. The appreciation of the words and expressions used for stress and exaggeration.4. Some useful expressions such as to make a point of, it is a point of honour…, and etcBackground informationThis text is taken from Advanced Comprehension and Appreciation Pieces (1962), which was intended for students preparing for the Cambridge Certificate of Proficiency Examination, & for students in the top class of secondary schools or in the first year of a university course.The Middle Eastern BazaarThe Middle Eastern bazaar takes you back hundreds --- even thousands --- of years. The one I am thinking of particularly is entered by a Gothic - arched gateway of aged brick and stone. You pass from the heat and glare of a big, open square into a cool, darkcavern which extends as far as the eye can see, losing itself in the shadowy distance. Little donkeys with harmoniously tinkling bells thread their way among the throngs of people entering and leavingthe bazaar. The roadway is about twelve feet wide, but it is narrowed every few yards by little stalls where goods of every conceivable kind are sold. The din of the stall-holder; crying their wares, of donkey-boys and porters clearing a way for themselves by shouting vigorously, and of would-be purchasers arguing and bargaining is continuous and makes you dizzy.Then as you penetrate deeper into the bazaar, the noise of the entrance fades away, and you come to the muted cloth-market. The earthen floor, beaten hard by countless feet, deadens the sound of footsteps, and the vaulted mud-brick walls and roof have hardly any sounds to echo. The shop-keepers speak in slow, measured tones, and the buyers, overwhelmed by the sepulchral atmosphere, follow suit .One of the peculiarities of the Eastern bazaar is that shopkeepers dealing in the same kind of goods do not scatter themselves over the bazaar, in order to avoid competition, but collect in the same area, so that purchasers can know where to find them, and so that they can form a closely knit guild against injustice or persecution . In the cloth-market, for instance, all the sellers of material for clothes, curtains, chair covers and so on line the roadway on both sides, each open-fronted shop having a trestle trestle table for display and shelves for storage. Bargaining is the order of the cay, and veiled women move at a leisurely pace from shop to shop, selecting, pricing and doing a little preliminary bargaining before they narrow down their choice and begin the really serious business of beating the price down.It is a point of honour with the customer not to let the shopkeeper guess what it is she really likes and wants until the last moment. If he does guess correctly, he will price the item high, and yield little in the bargaining. The seller, on the other hand, makes a point of protesting that the price he is charging is depriving him of all profit, and that he is sacrificing this because of his personal regard for the customer. Bargaining can go on the whole day, or even several days, with the customer coming and going at intervals .One of the most picturesque and impressive parts of the bazaar is the copper-smiths' market. As you approach it, a tinkling and banging and clashing begins to impinge on your ear. It grows louder and more distinct, until you round a corner and see a fairyland of dancing flashes, as the burnished copper catches the light of innumerable lamps and braziers . In each shop sit the apprentices –boys and youths, some of them incredibly young – hammering away at copper vessels of all shapes and sizes, while the shop-owner instructs, and sometimes takes a hand with a hammer himself. In the background, a tiny apprentice blows a bi-, charcoal fir e with a hugeleather bellows worked by a string attached to his big toe -- the red of the live coals glowing, bright and then dimming rhythmically to the strokes of the bellows.Here you can findbeautiful pots and bowlsengrave with delicate andintricate traditionaldesigns, or the simple,everyday kitchenwareused in this country,pleasing in form, butundecorated and strictlyfunctional. Elsewherethere is the carpet-market,with its profusion of richcolours, varied textures and regional designs -- some bold and simple, others unbelievably detailed and yet harmonious. Then there is the spice-market, with its pungent and exotic smells; and thefood-market, where you can buy everything you need for the most sumptuous dinner, or sit in a tiny restaurant with porters and apprentices and eat your humble bread and cheese. The dye-market, the pottery-market and the carpenters' market lie elsewhere in the maze of vaulted streets which honeycomb this bazaar. Every here and there, a doorway gives a glimpse of a sunlit courtyard, perhaps before a mosque or a caravanserai , where camels lie disdainfully chewing their hay, while the great bales of merchandise they have carried hundreds of miles across the desert lie beside them.Perhaps the most unforgettable thing in the bazaar, apart from its general atmosphere, is the place where they make linseed oil. It is a vast, sombre cavern of a room, some thirty feet high and sixty feet square, and so thick with the dust of centuries that the mudbrick walls and vaulted roof are only dimly visible. In this cavern are three massive stone wheels, each with a huge pole through its centre as an axle. The pole is attached at the one end to an upright post, around which it can revolve, and at the other to a blind-folded camel, which walks constantly in a circle, providing the motive power to turn the stone wheel. This revolves in a circular stone channel, into which an attendant feeds linseed. The stone wheel crushes it to a pulp, which is then pressed to extract the oil .The camels are the largest and finest I have ever seen, and in superb condition –muscular, massive and stately.The pressing of the linseed pulp to extract the oil is done by a vast ramshackle apparatus of beams and ropes and pulleys which towers to the vaulted ceiling and dwarfs the camels and their stonewheels. The machine is operated by one man, who shovels the linseed pulp into a stone vat, climbs up nimbly to a dizzy height to fasten ropes, and then throws his weight on to a great beam made out of a tree trunk to set the ropes and pulleys in motion. Ancient girders girders creak and groan , ropes tighten and then a trickle of oil oozes oozes down a stone runnel into a used petrol can. Quickly the trickle becomes a flood of glistening linseed oil as the beam sinks earthwards, taut and protesting, its creaks blending with the squeaking and rumbling of the grinding-wheels and the occasional grunts and sighs of the camels.(from Advanced Comprehension and Appreciation pieces, 1962 )NOTES1) This piece is taken from Advanced Comprehension and Appreciation Pieces, compiled for overseas students by L. A. Hill and D.J. May, published by Oxford University Press, Hong Kong, 1962.2) Middle East: generally referring to the area from Afghanistan to Egypt, including the Arabian Peninsula, Cyprus, and Asiatic Turkey.3) Gothic: a style of architecture originated in N. France in 11th century, characterized by pointed arches, ribbed vaulting, steep, high roofs, etc.4) veiled women: Some Moslems use the veil---more appropriately, the purdah --- to seclude or hide their women from the eyes of strangers.5) caravanserai (caravansary): in the Middle East, a kind of inn with a large central court, where bands of merchants or pilgrims, together with their camels or horses, stay for shelter and refreshmentTHE MIDDLE EASTERN BAZAAR 文章结构THE MIDDLE EASTERN BAZAARStructural and stylistic analysis&Writing TechniqueSection I: ( paras. 1, 2) General atmosphereTopic Sentence: The Middle Eastern...takes you ...years.ancientness, backwardness, primitivenessharmonious, liveliness, self-sufficient, simple, not sophisticated, active, vigorous, healthySection II (One of the peculiarities) the cloth marketSection III (One of the most picturesque) the coppersmith market and etc.Section IV (Perhaps the most unforgettable) the mill where linseed oil is madeTYPE of Writing: Description: A description is painting a picture in words of a person, place, object, or scene.a description essay is generally developed through sensory details, or the impressions of one’s senses --- sight, hearing, taste, smell and touch. The writer generally chooses those that help to bring out the dominant characteristic or outstanding quality of the person or thing described.1. From Macro to Micro2. words appealing to senses: light & heat, sound & movement, and smell & colour.3 nouns, adjectives and even adverbs used as verbs: thread, round, narrow, price, live, tower and dwarf.4. words imitating sounds: onomatopoeia.5. stressful and impressive sentence structures:the one I am thinking of particularly…one of the peculiarities …one of the most picturesque and impressive parts …the most unforgettable thing in the bazaar,…The Middle Eastern Bazaar 课文讲解THE MIDDLE EASTERN BAZAARDetailed Study of the Text1. Middle East: Southeast Asia and Northeast Africa,including the Near East and Iran and Afghanistan.Near Ease: the Arabian Peninsula ( Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrein, and Kuwait), Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt and Sudan.1. Middle East: Southeast Asia and Northeast Africa, including the Near East and Iran and Afghanistan.Near Ease: the Arabian Peninsula ( Saudi Arabia, Yemen, Oman, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Bahrein, and Kuwait), Turkey, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Lebanon, Palestine, Egypt and Sudan.Far East: China, Japan, Korea, Mongolia and East Siberia2. particular: special, single and different from others. When sth. is particular, we mean it is the single or an example of the whole under consideration. the term is clearly opposed to general and that it is a close synonym of "single".Particular is also often used in the sense of special.I have sth. very particular (special) to say to Mr. Clinton.She always took particular (special) notice of me.On this particular (single) day we had to be at school early.I don't like this particular (single) hat, but the others are quite nice.3. Gothic-arched: a type of architecture (see. ALD, church picture)Goth: one of the German tribesArch: a curved top sometimes with a central point resting on 2 supports as above a door.aged: a. [d d]My son is aged 10.When he was aged 6, he went to school.a middle aged coupleb. [d id] ancientHe is aged; her aged grandfathermedicare for the sick & aged4. glare: shining intensely, harshly, uncomfortably, and too strong; in a way unpleasant to the eyes5. cavern: a large deep cave (hollow place in the side of a cliff or hill, or underground), closed roofed place. Here in the text we can see that it is a long, narrow, dark street or workshops and stores with some sort of roof over them.6. losing itself in the shadowy distance: in the farthest distance everything becomes obscure, unclear, or only dimly visible in the dark surroundings.lose: come to be withoutshadow: greater darkness where direct light, esp. sunlight, is blocked by sth.; a dark shapeshadowy: hard to see or know about clearly, not distinct, dimHere shadowy suggests the changing of having and not having light, the shifting of lightness and darkness. There may be some spots of brightness in the dark.7. harmonious:harmony: musical notes combined together in a pleasant sounding waytinkle: to make light metallic soundcf:jingle: light tinkling soundThe rain tinkled on the metal roof.She laughed heartily, a sound as cool as ice tinkling in the glass. to tinkle coins together8. throng: large crowd of people or things, a crowd of people busy doing sth. searching up and down, engaging in some kind of activitycf: crowd: general term, large number of people together, but without order or organization.Crowd basically implies a close gathering and pressing together. The boulevard was crammed with gay, laughing crowds.Throng varies so little in meaning from crowd that the two words are often used interchangeably without loss. Throng sometimes carries the stronger implication of movement and of pushing and the weaker implication of density.Throngs circulating through the streets.The pre-Xmas sale attracted a throng of shoppers.9. thread: make one's way carefully, implies zigzag, roundaboutsThe river threads between the mountains.10. roadway:a. central part used by wheeled traffic, the middle part of a road where vehicles driveb. a strip of land over which a road passes11. narrow:In the bright sunlight she had to narrow her eyes.The river narrows at this point.They narrowed the search for the missing boy down to five streets near the school.She looked far into the shadowy distance, her eyes narrowed, a hand on the eyebrows to prevent the glare.The aircraft carrier was too big to pass through the narrows (narrow passage between two large stretches of water).12. stall: BrE. a table or small open-fronted shop in a public place, sth. not permanent, often can be put together and taken away, on which wares are set up for sale.13. din: specific word of noise, loud, confused, continuous noise, low roar which can not be distinguished exactly until you get close, often suggests unpleasant. disordered mixture of confusing and disturbing sounds, stress prolonged, deafening, ear-splitting metallic soundsThe children were making so much din that I could not make myself heard.They kicked up such a din at the party.The din stopped when the curtain was raised.the din of the cheerful crowd14. wares (always-pl.) articles offered for sale, usu. not in a shop. The word gives the impression of traditional commodity, items, goods, more likely to be sold in free-markets.to advertise / hawk / peddle one's waresGoods: articles for sale, possessions that can be moved or carried by train, road; not house, land,There is a variety of goods in the shops.goods train / freight train, canned goods, half-finished goods, clearance goods, textile goods, high-quality goodsware: (lit.) articles for sale, usu. not in a shopThe silversmith showed us his wares.The baker travelled round the town selling his wares. kitchenware, tableware, hardware, softwareearthenware, tinware, ironware, silverwarecommodity: an article of trade or commerce, esp. a farm or mineral productWheat is a valuable commodity.Wine is one of the many commodities that France sells abroad.a commodity fairmerchandise: (U.) things for sale, a general term for all the specific goods or wares.The store has the best merchandise in town.We call these goods merchandise.15. would-be: likely, possible, which one wishes to be but is nota would-be musician / football player16. purchase (fml. or tech.) to buyYou buy some eggs, but purchase a house.17. bargain: to talk about the condition of a sale, agreement, or contract18. dizzy: feeling as if everything were turning round , mentally confusedIf you suffer from anaemia, you often feel dizzy.Every night, when my head touches the pillows, I felt a wave ofdizziness.The two-day journey on the bus makes me dizzy.19. penetrate: to enter, pass, cut, or force a way into or through. The word suggests force, a compelling power to make entrance and also resistance in the medium.The bullet can penetrate a wall.The scud missile can penetrate a concrete works of 1 metre thick. Rainwater has penetrated through the roof of my house.20. fade: to lose strength, colour, freshness, etc.fade away: go slowly out of hearing, gradually disappearingThe farther you push / force your way into the bazaar, the lower and softer the noise becomes until finally it disappears. Then you arrive at the cloth market where the sound is hardly audible. Colour cloth often fades when it is washed.The light faded as the sun went down.The sound of the footsteps faded away.The noise of the airplane faded away.21. mute:adj.a. silent, without speechThe boy has been mute since birth.b. not pronounced:The word "debt" contains a mute letter.noun:a. a person who cannot speakThe boy was born a deaf mute.( has healthy speech organs but never has heard speech sounds, can be trained to speak){cf: He is deaf and dumb (unable to speak).}b. an object that makes a musical instrument give softer sound when placed against the strings or in the stream of airverb: to reduce the sound of, to make a sound softer than usualto mute a musical instrumentHere in the text the word "muted" is used to suggest the compelling circumstances, forcing you to lower your sound.22. beaten: (of a path, track, etc.) that is given shape by the feet of those who pass along it, suggesting ancientness, timelessness. The path becomes flat due to the treading of countless people through thousands of years.We followed a well-beaten path through the forest.23. deaden: to cause to lose strength, force, feeling, and brightnessto deaden the painTwo of these pills will deaden the ache.24. measured: steady, careful, slow, suggesting lack ofspeed, paying attention to what to say25. overwhelm: overcome, control completely and usu. suddenlyThe enemy were overwhelmed by superior forces.Sorrow overwhelmed the family.She was overwhelmed with griefThey won an overwhelming victory / majority.26. sepulchral: related to grave, gloomy, dismalsepulchre / er : old and bibl. use, a burial place; a tomb, esp. one cut in rock or built of stone27. follow suit: to do the same as one else has, to play / to deal the cards of the same suits (in poker, there two red suits, and two black suits. They are hearts, diamonds, spades, clubs, jokers, aces, kings, queens and jacks (knaves).When the others went swimming, I followed suit.He went to bed and I followed suit after a few minutes.28. peculiarity: a distinguishing characteristic, special feature, suggesting difference from normal or usual, strangeness. One of his peculiarities is that his two eyes are not the same colour.The large fantail is a peculiarity of the peacock.The peculiarity of her behaviour puzzled everyone.29. deal in: sell and buy, trade inThis merchant deals in silk goods.Most foreign trading companies in West Africa deal in rubber, cocoa and vegetable oils.30. scatter: to cause (a group) to separate widely, to spread widely in all directions as if by throwingThe frightened people scattered about in all directions.One of the special features / characteristics of the M.E. bazaar is that shopkeepers in the same trade always gather together in the same place to do their business.31. knit: to make things to wear by uniting threads into a kind of close network. Here, to unite or join closely32. guild / gild: an association for businessmen or skilled workers who joined together in former times to help one another and to make rules for training new members33. persecution: cruel treatmentpersecute: to treat cruelly, cause to suffer, esp. for religious or political beliefsThe first immigrants came to American mainly because they wanted to avoid religious persecution / after being persecuted for their religious beliefs.be persecuted by sb. for sth.bloody / terrible /relentless persecutionsuffer from / be subjected to political / religious persecution34. line: form rows along35. trestle: wooden beam fixed at each end to a pair of spreading legs, used, usu. in pairs, as a removable support of a table or other flat surface.36. order of the day: the characteristic or dominant feather or activity, the prevailing state of thingsIf sth. is the order of the day, it is very common among a particular group of peopleConfusion became the order of the day in the Iraqi headquarters due to the electronic interference from the Allied forces. Learning from Lei Feng and Jiao Yulu has become the order of the day recently.Jeans and mini-skirts are no longer the order of the day now. During that period, the Gulf War became the order of the day.37. veil: covering of fine net or other material to protect or hidea woman's face38. leisure: time free from work, having plenty of free time, not in a hurry to do sth.39. pace: rate or speed in walking, marching, running or developing40. preliminary: coming before sth. introducing or preparing for sth. more important, preparatoryThere were several preliminary meetings before the general assembly.A physical examination is a preliminary to joining the army.41. beat down: to reduce by argument or other influence, to persuade sb. to reduce a priceThe man asked $5 for the dress, but I beat him down to $4.50.42. a point of honour: sth. considered important for one's self-respectIt's a point of honour with me to keep my promise = I made it a point of honour to keep my promise.In our country, it is a point of honour with a boy to pay the bill when he is dining with a girl / when he dines a girl; but on the other hand, a western girl would regard it a point of honour (with her) to pay the bill herself.43. make a point of / make it a point to: do sth because one considers it important or necessary, to take particular care of, make extraordinary efforts in, regard or treat as necessaryI always make a point of checking that all the windows are shut before I go out.I always made a point of being on time.I always make a point of remembering my wife's birthday.He made a point of thanking his hostess before he left the party. The rush-hour commute to my job is often nerve-racking, so I make it a point to be a careful and considerate motorist.Some American people make it a point of conscience to have no social distinctions between whites and blacks.44. what it is: used to stressWhat is it she really likes?What is it you do?What is it you really want?45. protest: to express one's disagreement, feeling of unfairnessHere: insist firmly, a firming strongly46. deprive of: take away from, prevent from usingto deprive sb. of political rights / of his power / civil rightsThe misfortunes almost deprived him of his reason.The accident deprived him of his sight / hearing.47. sacrifice: to give up or lose, esp. for some good purpose or beliefThe ancient Greeks sacrificed lambs or calves before engaging in a battle.(infml) to sell sth. at less than its cost or valueI need the money and I have to sacrifice (on the price of) my car.48. regard: regard, respect, esteem, admire and their corresponding nouns are comparable when they mean a feeling for sb. or sth.Regard is the most colourless as well as the most formal. It usu. requires a modifier to reinforce its meaningI hold her in high / low / the greatest regard.to have a high / low regard for sb's opinion.Steve was not highly regarded in his hometown.It is proper to use respect from junior to senior or inferior to superior. It also implies a considered and carefulevaluation or estimation. Sometimes it suggests recognition of sth. as sacred. He respected their views even though he could not agree with them.to have respect for one's privacy, rights...Esteem implies greater warmth of feeling accompanying a high valuation.Einstein's theory of relativity won for his universal esteem. Admiration and Admire, like esteem, imply a recognition of superiority, but they usually connote more enthusiastic appreciation, and sometimes suggest genuine affection. Sometimes the words stress the personal attractiveness of the object of admiration, and weaken the implication of esteem.I have long felt the deepest esteem for you, and your present courageous attitude has added admiration to esteem.regard:to regard sb's wishes / advice / what... (but not sb.)respect:to respect sb.to respect sb.'s courage / opinion /esteem:to esteem sb.to esteem sb. for his honesty / courageadmire:to admire sb.to admire the flowers / sb.' poem49. the customer coming and going at intervals.A customer buys things from a shop; a client get services from a lawyer, a bank or a hairdresser; One who get medical services is a patient and a guest is served in a hotel.at intervals: happening regularly after equal periods of time Trains leave at short intervals.The trees were planted beside the road at 50-meters intervals.50. picturesque: charming or interesting enough to be made into a picture, striking, vivid51. -smith: a worker in metal, a makercopper- / gold- / tin- / black- / gun-smith52. clash: a noisy, usu. metallic sound of collisionswords clashThe dustbins clashed as the men emptied them.bang: to hit violently, to make a loud noiseThe door banged open / shut.He banged the window shut.53. impinge on (upon): to strike or dash esp. with a sharp collisionI heard the rain impinge upon the earth.The strong light impinge on his eyes.The noise of the aeroplane overhead impinged on our ears.to have effect onThe need to see that justice is done impinges on every decision made in the courts.54. distinct: clearly seen, heard, understood, etc. plane, noticeable, and distinguishable to the eye or ear or mind Anything clearly noticed is distinctThere is a distinct smell of beer in this room.A thing or quality that is clearly different from others of its kind is distinctive or distinct fromBeer has a very distinctive smell. It is quite distinct from the smell of wine.55. round:Please round your lips to say "oo".Stones rounded by the action of water are called cobbles.The ship rounded the cape / the tip of the peninsula.56. burnish: to polish, esp. metal, usu. with sth. hard and smooth, polish by friction, make smooth and shiny57. brazier: open metal framework like a basket, usu. on leg, for holding a charcoal or coal fire (see picture in ALD)58. youth: often derog. a young person, esp. a young malea group of youthsthe friends of my youthcollective noun: the youth (young men and women) of the nation59. incredible: This word comes from credit, which means belief, trust, and faithcredit cardWe place full credit in the government's ability.We gave credit to his story.credible: deserving or worthy of belief, trustworthyIs the witness's story credible?After this latest affair he hardly seems credible as a politician. incredible: too strange to be believed, unbelievable60. hammer away at:away: continuously, constantlySo little Hans worked away in his garden.He was laughing (grumbling) away all afternoon.61. vessel:a. usu. round container, such as a glass, pot, bottle, bucket or barrel, used for holding liquidsb. (fml) a ship or large boatc. a tube that carries blood or other liquid through the body, or plant juice through a plant: blood vessel62. bellows: an instrument for blowing air into a fire to make it burn quickly63. the red of the live...The light of the burning coal becomes alternately bright and dim (by turns, one follows the other) as the coal burns and dies down, burns again, along with the repeated movements of the bellows.64. glow: send out brightness or warmth, heat or light without flame or smokeWhen you draws a deep mouthful, the cigarette tip glows.65. rhythmically: happening at regular periods of time, alternately; by turns。
高级英语小说课文分析
The Image Analysis—Personal Features (Para. 60-98) WordsDialoguesPsycho-narrationsActionsWORDS1, Polly's words during the first date (Para.60 ):"Gee, that was a delish(delicious) dinner""Gee, that was a marvy(marvlous) movie""Gee, I had a sensaysh(sensational: A sensational result, event, or situation is so remarkable that it causes great excitement and interest. Collins) time"2, Polly's words during the second date to the Knoll being taught logic by Dobie (Para.62-Para.96) :"Oo, terrif" (Para.62)She thought this over for a minute and decided she liked it."Maginif." (Para.66) "Wow-dow!" she cried, clapping her hands delightedly. (Para.68)"I agree," said Polly earnestly. "I mean exercise is wonderful. I mean it builds the body and everything." (Para.72)"No," she confessed. "But this is marvy. Do more! Do more!"(Para.74) "Really?" said Polly, amazed. "Nobody?" (Para.76)"Know any more fallacies?" she asked breathlessly. "This is more fun than dancing even." (Para.78)"I know somebody just like that," she exclaimed. "A girl back home—Eula Becker, her name is. It never fails. Every single time we take her on a picnic—" (Para.81)"I'll never do it again," she promised contritely. "Are you mad at me?" (Para.83) "Yeah," she said thoughtfully. "Well, then I guess He can’t make the stone." (Para.91) She scratched her pretty, empty head. "I'm all confused," she admitted. (Para.93) "Tell me more of this keen stuff," she said eagerly. (Para.95)In conclusion: A lot of exclamatory words am employed to show that the girl is simple—mindedand stupid．These words include “Gee”(para．60)，“O o”(para．63)，“Wow—dow”(68)and many others.Exclamatory from WikipediaAn exclamative or exclamatory sentence is released because of, and expresses strong emotion. They many times feel like involuntary reactions to a situation, yet they can technically be stifled if need be. And while exclamatives most usually manifest themselves as one or two word interjections, they can also come as major sentences. They are essentially unfiltered vocalizations of our feelings, and a form of self-talk because they are directed either at the speaker themself or at nobody in particular. In punctuation, an exclamative is ended with an exclamation mark.The use of clipped vulgar forms are chosen to create the image of the simple—mindedness an d stupidity of the girl．Such forms as“delish”(para．60)，“marvy”(para．60)，“sensaysh”(para．63)，“terrif”(para．63)，and“magnif”(para．66)can be detected in the text．P.S.: In linguistics, clipping is the word formation process which consists in the reduction of a word to one of its parts (Marchand: 1969). Clipping is also known as "truncation" or "shortening."According to Marchand (1969), clippings are not coined as words belonging to the standard vocabulary of a language. They originate as terms of a special group like schools, army, police, the medical profession, etc., in the intimacy of a milieu where a hint is sufficient to indicate the whole. For example, exam(ination), math(ematics), and lab(oratory) originated in school slang; spec(ulation) and tick(et = credit) in stock-exchange slang; and vet(eran) and cap(tain) in army slang. While clipping terms of some influential groups can pass into common usage, becoming part of Standard English, clippings of a socially unimportant class or group will remain group slang.Psycho-narrationsI went back to my room with a heavy heart. I had gravely underestimated the size of my task. This girl’s lack of information was terrifying. Nor would it be enough merely to supply her with information. First she had to be taught t o think. This loomed as a project of no small dimensions, and at first I was t empted to give her back to Petey. But then I got to thinking about her abund ant physical charms and about the way she entered a room and the way she h andled a knife and fork, and I decided to make an effort. (Para.61)I went about it, as in all things, systematically. I gave her a course in logic. It happened that I, as a law student, was taking a course in logic myself, so I had all the facts at my fingertips. (Para.62)I fought off a wave of despair. I was getting nowhere with this girl, absolutely nowhere. Still, I am nothing if not persistent. (Para.79)...glumly to my dorm. Petey lay snoring in his bed, the raccoon coat huddled like a great hairy beast at his feet. For a moment I considered waking him and telling him that he could have his girl back. It seemed clear that my project was doomed to failure. The girl simply had a logic-proof head. (Para.97)But then I reconsidered. I had wasted one evening; I might as well waste anot her. Who knew? Maybe somewhere in the extinct crater of her mind a few m embers still smoldered. Maybe somehow I could fan them into flame. Admitted ly it was not a prospect fraught with hope, but I decided to give it one more try.(Para.98)ACTIONS“Logic,” I said, clearing my throat, “is the science of thinking. Before we can think correctly, we must first learn to recognize the common fallacies of logi c. These we will take up tonight.”“Wow-dow!” she cried, clapping her hands delightedly.I winced, but went bravely on. “First let us examine the fallacy called Dicto S impliciter.”(Para.69)“By all means,”she urged, batting her lashes eagerly.(Para.70)“Dicto Simpliciter means an argument based on an unqualified generalization. For example: Exercise is good. Therefore everybody should exercise.”(Para.71)“I agree,”said Polly earnestly. “I mean exercise is wonderful. I mean it builds the body and everything.”(Para.72)“Polly,”I said gently, “the argument is a fallacy. Exercise is good is an unqualified generalization..." (Para.73)“Really?”said Polly, amazed. “Nobody?”(Para.76)I hid my exasperation. “Polly, it’s a fallacy. The generalization is reached too hastily. There are too few instances to support such a conclusion.”(Para.77)“Know any more fallacies?”she asked breathlessly. “This is more fun than dancing even.”(Para.78)“Polly,”I said sharply, “it’s a fallacy. Eula Becker doesn’t cause the rain. She has no connection with the rain. You are guilty of Post Hoc if you blame Eula Becker.”(Para.82)“I’ll never do it again,”she promised contritely. “Are you mad at me?”(Para.83)I sighed. “No, Polly, I’m not mad.”(Para.84)Adverbial。
高级英语第一册Unit 3 文章结构+课文讲解+课文翻译+课后练习+答案
Unit 3 Ships in the DesertShips in the DesertShips in the DesertAL Gore--------------------------------------------------------------------------------I was standing in the sun on the hot steel deck of a fishing ship capable of processing a fifty-ton catch on a good day. But it wasn' t a good day. We were anchored in what used to be the most productive fishing site in all of central Asia, but as I looked out over the bow , the prospects of a good catch looked bleak. Where there should have been gentle blue-green waves lapping against the side of the ship, there was nothing but hot dry sand – as far as I could see in all directions. The other ships of the fleet were also at rest in the sand, scattered in the dunes that stretched all the way to the horizon . Ten year s ago the Aral was the fourth-largest inland sea in the world, comparable to the largest of North America's Great Lakes. Now it is disappearing because the water that used to feed it has been diverted in anill-considered irrigation scheme to grow cotton In the user t. The new shoreline was almost forty kilometers across the sand from where the fishing fleet was now permanently docked. Meanwhile, in the nearby town of Muynak the people were still canning fish – brought not from the Aral Sea but shipped by rail through Siberia from the Pacific Ocean, more than a thousand miles away.My search for the underlying causes of the environmental crisis has led me to travel around the world to examine and study many of these images of destruction. At the very bottom of the earth, high in the Trans-Antarctic Mountains, with the sun glaring at midnight through a hole in the sky, I stood in the unbelievable coldness and talked with a scientist in the late tall of 1988 about the tunnel he was digging through time. Slipping his parka back to reveal a badly burned face that was cracked and peeling, he pointed to the annual layers of ice in a core sample dug from the glacier on which we were standing. He moved his finger back in time to the ice of two decades ago. "Here's where the U. S Congress passed the Clean Air Act, ” he said. At the bottom of the world, two continents away from Washington, D. C., even a small reduction in one country's emissions had changed the amount of pollution found in the remotest end least accessible place on earth.But the most significant change thus far in the earth' s atmosphere is the one that began with the industrial r evolution early in the last century and has picked up speed ever since. Industry meant coal, and later oil, and we began to burn lots of it – bringing rising levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) , with its ability to trap more heat in the atmosphere and slowly warm the earth. Fewer than a hundred yards from the South Pole, upwind from the ice runway where the ski plane lands and keeps its engines running to prevent the metal parts from freeze-locking together, scientists monitor the air sever al times ever y day to chart the course of that inexorable change. During my visit, I watched one scientist draw the results of that day'smeasurements, pushing the end of a steep line still higher on the graph. He told me how easy it is – there at the end of the earth – to see that this enormous change in the global atmosphere is still picking up speed.Two and a half years later I slept under the midnight sun at the other end of our planet, in a small tent pitched on a twelve-toot-thick slab of ice floating in the frigid Arctic Ocean. After a hearty breakfast, my companions and I traveled by snowmobiles a few miles farther north to a rendezvous point where the ice was thinner – only three and a half feet thick – and a nuclear submarine hovered in the water below. After it crashed through the ice, took on its new passengers, and resubmerged, I talked with scientists who were trying to measure more accurately the thickness of the polar ice cap, which many believe is thinning as a re-suit of global warming. I had just negotiated an agreement between ice scientists and the U. S. Navy to secure the re-lease of previously top secret data from submarine sonar tracks, data that could help them learn what is happening to the north polar cap. Now, I wanted to see the pole it-self, and some eight hours after we met the submarine, we were crashing through that ice, surfacing, and then I was standing in an eerily beautiful snowcape, windswept and sparkling white, with the horizon defined by little hummocks, or "pressure ridges " of ice that are pushed up like tiny mountain ranges when separate sheets collide. But here too, CD, levels are rising just as rapidly, and ultimately temperature will rise with them – indeed, global warming is expected to push temperatures up much more rapidly in the polar regions than in the rest of the world. As the polar air warms, the ice her e will thin; and since the polar cap plays such a crucial role in the world's weather system, the consequences of a thinning cap could be disastrous.Considering such scenarios is not a purely speculative exercise. Six months after I returned from the North Pole, a team of scientists reported dramatic changes in the pattern of ice distribution in the Arctic, and a second team reported a still controversialclaim (which a variety of data now suggest) that, over all, the north polar cap has thinned by 2 per cent in just the last decade. Moreover, scientists established several years ago that in many land areas north of the Arctic Circle, the spring snowmelt now comes earlier every year, and deep in the tundra below, the temperature e of the earth is steadily rising.As it happens, some of the most disturbing images of environmental destruction can be found exactly halfway between the North and South poles – precisely at the equator in Brazil – where billowing clouds of smoke regularly black-en the sky above the immense but now threatened Amazon rain forest. Acre by acre, the rain forest is being burned to create fast pasture for fast-food beef; as I learned when I went there in early 1989, the fires are set earlier and earlier in the dry season now, with more than one Tennessee's worth of rain forest being slashed and burned each year. According to our guide, the biologist Tom Lovejoy, there are more different species of birds in each square mile of the Amazon than exist in all of North America – which means we are silencing thousands of songs we have never even heard.But one doesn't have to travel around the world to wit-ness humankind's assault on the earth. Images that signal the distress of our global environment arenow commonly seen almost anywhere. On some nights, in high northern latitudes, the sky itself offers another ghostly image that signals the loss of ecological balance now in progress. If the sky is clear after sunset -- and it you are watching from a place where pollution hasn't blotted out the night sky altogether -- you can sometimes see a strange kind of cloud high in the sky. This "noctilucent cloud" occasionally appears when the earth is first cloaked in the evening dark-ness; shimmering above us with a translucent whiteness, these clouds seem quite unnatural. And they should: noctilucent clouds have begun to appear more often because of a huge buildup of methane gas in the atmosphere. (Also called natural gas, methane is released from landfills , from coal mines and rice paddies, from billions of termites that swarm through the freshly cut forestland, from the burning of biomass and from a variety of other human activities. ) Even though noctilucent clouds were sometimes seen in the past., all this extra methane carries more water vapor into the upper atmosphere, where it condenses at much higher altitudes to form more clouds that the sun's rays still strike long after sunset has brought the beginning of night to the surface far beneath them.What should we feel toward these ghosts in the sky? Simple wonder or the mix of emotions we feel at the zoo? Perhaps we should feel awe for our own power: just as men "ear tusks from elephants’ heads in such quantity as to threaten the beast with extinction, we are ripping matter from its place in the earth in such volume as to upset the balance between daylight and darkness. In the process, we are once again adding to the threat of global warming, be-cause methane has been one of the fastest-growing green-house gases, and is third only to carbon dioxide and water vapor in total volume, changing the chemistry of the upper atmosphere. But, without even considering that threat, shouldn't it startle us that we have now put these clouds in the evening sky which glisten with a spectral light? Or have our eyes adjusted so completely to the bright lights of civilization that we can't see these clouds for what they are – a physical manifestation of the violent collision between human civilization and the earth?Even though it is sometimes hard to see their meaning, we have by now all witnessed surprising experiences that signal the damage from our assault on the environment --whether it's the new frequency of days when the temperature exceeds 100 degrees, the new speed with which the -un burns our skin, or the new constancy of public debate over what to do with growing mountains of waste. But our response to these signals is puzzling. Why haven't we launched a massive effort to save our environment? To come at the question another way' Why do some images startle us into immediate action and focus our attention or ways to respond effectively? And why do other images, though sometimes equally dramatic, produce instead a Kin. of paralysis, focusing our attention not on ways to respond but rather on some convenient, less painful distraction?Still, there are so many distressing images of environ-mental destruction that sometimes it seems impossible to know how to absorb or comprehend them. Before considering the threats themselves, it may be helpful to classify them and thus begin to organize our thoughts and feelings so that we may be able to respondappropriately.A useful system comes from the military, which frequently places a conflict in one of three different categories, according to the theater in which it takes place. There are "local" skirmishes, "regional" battles, and "strategic" conflicts. This third category is reserved for struggles that can threaten a nation's survival and must be under stood in a global context. Environmental threats can be considered in the same way. For example, most instances of water pollution, air pollution, and illegal waste dumping are essentially local in nature. Problems like acid rain, the contamination ofunder-ground aquifers, and large oil spills are fundamentally regional. In both of these categories, there may be so many similar instances of particular local and regional problems occurring simultaneously all over the world that the patter n appears to be global, but the problems themselves are still not truly strategic because the operation of- the global environment is not affected and the survival of civilization is not at stake.However, a new class of environmental problems does affect the global ecological system, and these threats are fundamentally strategic. The 600 percent increase in the amount of chlorine in the atmosphere during the last forty years has taken place not just in those countries producing the chlorofluorocarbons responsible but in the air above every country, above Antarctica, above the North Pole and the Pacific Ocean – all the way from the surface of the earth to the top of the sky. The increased levels of chlorine disrupt the global process by which the earth regulates the amount of ultraviolet radiation from the sun that is allowed through the atmosphere to the surface; and it we let chlorine levels continue to increase, the radiation levels will al-so increase – to the point that all animal and plant life will face a new threat to their survival.Global warming is also a strategic threat. The concentration of carbon dioxide and other heat-absorbing molecules has increased by almost 25 per cent since World War II, posing a worldwide threat to the earth's ability to regulate the amount of heat from the sun retained in the atmosphere. This increase in heat seriously threatens the global climate equilibrium that determines the pattern of winds, rainfall, surface temperatures, ocean currents, and sea level. These in turn determine the distribution of vegetative and animal life on land and sea and have a great effect on the location and pattern of human societies.In other words, the entire relationship between humankind and the earth has been transformed because our civilization is suddenly capable of affecting the entire global environment, not just a particular area. All of us know that human civilization has usually had a large impact on the environment; to mention just one example, there is evidence that even in prehistoric times, vast areas were sometimes intentionally burned by people in their search for food. And in our own time we have reshaped a large part of the earth's surface with concrete in our cities and carefully tended rice paddies, pastures, wheat fields, and other croplands in the countryside. But these changes, while sometimes appearing to be pervasive , have, until recently, been relatively trivial factors in the global ecological sys-tem. Indeed, until our lifetime, it was always safe to assume that nothing we did or could do would haveany lasting effect on the global environment. But it is precisely that assumption which must now be discarded so that we can think strategically about our new relationship to the environment.Human civilization is now the dominant cause of change in the global environment. Yet we resist this truth and find it hard to imagine that our effect on the earth must now be measured by the same yardstick used to calculate the strength of the moon's pull on the oceans or the force of the wind against the mountains. And it we are now capable of changing something so basic as the relationship between the earth and the sun, surely we must acknowledge a new responsibility to use that power wisely and with appropriate restraint. So far, however, We seem oblivious of the fragility of the earth's natural systems.This century has witnessed dramatic changes in two key factors that define the physical reality of our relation-ship to the earth: a sudden and startling surge in human population, with the addition of one China's worth of people every ten years, and a sudden acceleration of the scientific and technological revolution, which has allowed an almost unimaginable magnification of our power to affect the world around us by burning, cutting, digging, moving, and trans-forming the physical matter that makes up the earth. The surge in population is both a cause of the changed relationship and one of the clearest illustrations of how startling the change has been, especially when viewed in a historical context. From the emergence of modern humans 200 000 years ago until Julius Caesar's time, fewer than 250 million people walked on the face of the earth. When Christopher Columbus set sail for the New World 1500 years later, there were approximately 500 million people on earth. By the time Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence in 1776, the number had doubled again, to 1 billion. By midway through this century, at the end of World War II, the number had risen to just above 2 billion people. In other words, from the beginning of humanity's appearance on earth to 1945, it took more than ten thousand generations to reach a world population of 2 billion people. Now, in the course of one human lifetime -- mine -- the world population will increase from 2 to more than 9 million, and it is already more than halfway there.Like the population explosion, the scientific and technological revolution began to pick up speed slowly during the eighteenth century. And this ongoing revolution has also suddenly accelerated exponentially. For example, it is now an axiom in many fields of science that more new and important discoveries have taken place in the last ten years that. in the entire previous history of science. While no single discover y has had the kind of effect on our relationship to the earth that unclear weapons have had on our relationship to warfare, it is nevertheless true that taken together, they have completely transformed our cumulative ability to exploit the earth for sustenance -- making the consequences, of unrestrained exploitation every bit as unthinkable as the consequences of unrestrained nuclear war.Now that our relationship to the earth has changed so utterly, we have to see that change and understand its implications. Our challenge is to recognize that the startling images of environmental destruction now occurring all over the world have much more in common than their ability to shock and awaken us. They aresymptoms of an underlying problem broader in scope and more serious than any we have ever faced. Global warming, ozone depletion, the loss of living species, deforestation -- they all have a common cause: the new relationship between human civilization and the earth's natural balance. There are actually two aspects to this challenge. The first is to realize that our power to harm the earth can in-deed have global and even permanent effects. The second is to realize that the only way to understand our new role as a co-architect of nature is to see ourselves as part of a complex system that does not operate according to the same simple rules of cause and effect we are used to. The problem is not our effect on the environment so much as our relationship with the environment. As a result, any solution to the problem will require a careful assessment of that relationship as well as the complex interrelationship among factors within civilization and between them and the major natural components of the earth's ecological system.There is only one precedent for this kind of challenge to our thinking, and again it is military. The invention of nuclear weapons and the subsequent development by the Unit-ed States and the Soviet Union of many thousands of strategic nuclear weapons forced a slow and painful recognition that the new power thus acquired forever changed not only the relationship between the two superpowers but also the relationship of humankind to the institution at war-fare itself. The consequences of all-out war between nations armed with nuclear weapons suddenly included the possibility of the destruction of both nations – completely and simultaneously. That sobering realization led to a careful reassessment of every aspect of our mutual relationship to the prospect of such a war. As early as 1946 one strategist concluded that strategic bombing with missiles "may well tear away the veil of illusion that has so long obscured the reality of the change in warfare – from a fight to a process of destruction.”Nevertheless, during the earlier stages of the nuclear arms race, each of the superpower s assumed that its actions would have a simple and direct effect on the thinking of the other. For decades, each new advance in weaponry was deployed by one side for the purpose of inspiring fear in the other. But each such deployment led to an effort by the other to leapfrog the first one with a more advanced deployment of its own. Slowly, it has become apparent that the problem of the nuclear arms r ace is not primarily caused by technology. It is complicated by technology, true; but it arises out of the relationship between the superpowers and is based on an obsolete understanding of what war is all about.The eventual solution to the arms race will be found, not in a new deployment by one side or the other of some ultimate weapon or in a decision by either side to disarm unilaterally , but ratter in new understandings and in a mutual transformation of the relationship itself. This transformation will involve changes in the technology of weaponry and the denial of nuclear technology to rogue states. But the key changes will be in the way we think about the institution of war far e and about the relationship between states.The strategic nature of the threat now posed by human civilization to the global environment and the strategic nature of the threat to human civilization now posedby changes in the global environment present us with a similar set of challenges and false hopes. Some argue that a new ultimate technology, whether nuclear power or genetic engineering, will solve the problem. Others hold that only a drastic reduction of our reliance on technology can improve the conditions of life -- a simplistic notion at best. But the real solution will be found in reinventing and finally healing the relationship between civilization and the earth. This can only be accomplished by undertaking a careful reassessment of all the factors that led to the relatively recent dramatic change in the relationship. The transformation of the way we relate to the earth will of course involve new technologies, but the key changes will involve new ways of thinking about the relationship itself.--------------------------------------------------------------------------------NOTESI) Al Gore: born in 1948 in Washington D. C., U. S. Senator (1984-1992) from the State of Tennessee,and U. S. Vice-President ( l 992-) under President Bill Clinton. He is the author of the book Earth in the Balance from which this piece is taken. 2) Aral Sea: inland sea and the world’s fourth largest lake, c. 26 000 sqmiles, SW Kazakhstan and NW Uzbekhstan, E of the Caspian Sea3) Great Lakes: group of five freshwater lakes, Central North America, between the United States and Canada, largest body of fresh water in the world. From west to east, they are Lake Superior,Lake Michigan,Lake Huron, Lake Erie, and Lake Ontario.4) Trans-Antarctic Mountains: mountain chain stretching across Antarctica from Victoria I and to Coats I and; separating the E Antarctic and W Antarctic subcontinents5) Clean Air Act: one of the oldest environmental laws of the U. S., as well as the most far-reaching, the costliest, and the most controversial. It was passed in 1970.6) Washington D. C.: capital of the United States. D. C. (District of Columbia).is added to distinguish it from the State of Washington and 3 other cities in the U. S bearing the sonic name.7) freeze-locking: the metal parts are frozen solid and unable to move freely8)midnight sun: phenomenon in which the sun remains visible in the sky for 24 hours or longer, occurring only in the polar regions9)global warming; The earth is getting warmer. The temperature of the earth's atmosphere and its surface is steadily rising.10) Submarine sonar tracks: the term sonar is an acronym for sound navigation ranging. It is used for communication between submerged submarines or between a submarine and a surface vessel, for locating mines and underwater hazards to navigation, and also as a fathometer, or depth finder.11) greenhouse (effect): process whereby heat is trapped at the surface of the earth by the atmosphere. An increase of man-made pollutants in the atmosphere will lead to a long-term warming of the earth's climate.12) Julius Caesar: (102? B. C -- 44 B. C:. ), Roman statesman and general13) Christopher Columbus: ( 1451-1506), discoverer of America, born Genoa, Italy14) Thomas Jefferson: (17-13-1826 ), 3d President of the UnitedStates(1801-1809), author of the Declaration of Independence.15) Declaration of Independence: full and formal declaration adopted July 4,1776, by representatives of the thirteen colonies in North America announcing the separation of those colonies from Great Britain and making them into the United States16)Ozone depletion: A layer of ozone in the stratosphere prevents most ultraviolet and other high-energy radiation, which is harmful to life, from penetrating to the earth's surface.Some.environmental, scientists fear that certain man-made pollutants, e.g. nitric oxide, CFCs(Chlorofluorocarbons), etc., may interfere with the delicate balance of reactions that maintains the ozone’ s concentration, possibly leading to a drastic depletion of stratospheric ozone. This is now happening in the stratosphere above the polarShips in the Desert 课文讲解/Detailed StudyShips in the Desert--------------------------------------------------------------------------------Detailed Study1. Ships in the Desert [image-7]: Ships anchored in the desert. This is aneye-catching title and it gives an image that people hardly see. When readers read the title, they can’t help wondering why and how.Paragraph 1. typical example of environmental destruction[image-7]2. capable of processing a fifty-ton catch on a good day: having the ability of cleaning and preparing for marketing or canning fifty-tons of fish on a productive day.catch: the amount of something caught; in the sentence it refers to the amount of fish caught e.g. The boat brought back a big catch of fish.3. but as I looked out over the bow, the prospects of a good catch looked bleak:a good catch did not look promising / hopeful.This is obviously an understatement because with sand all around there was no chance of catching fish, to say nothing of catching a lot of fish.bow[audio-1] : the front part of a shipant. sterncompare: bow[audio-2]: v. & n. to bend the upper part of the body forward, as away of showing respect, admitting defeat, etc.bow [audio-3]: n. a weapon for shooting arrowa long thin piece of wood with a tight string fastened along it, used for playing musical instruments that have stringsa knot formed by doubling a string or cord into two curved pieces, and used for decoration in the hair, in tying shoes, etcbleak: a) If a situation is bleak, it is bad, and seems unlikely to improve.e.g. His future looked bleak.bleak prospect; the bleakness of the post war yearsb) If a place is bleak, it looks cold, bare, and unattractivee.g. the bleak coastlinec) When the weather is bleak, it is cold, dull, and unpleasante.g. the bleak wintersd) If someone looks or sounds bleak, they seem depressed, hopeless, or unfriendlye.g. his bleak featuresbleakly adv.e.g. He stared bleakly ahead.“What,” he asked bleakly, “are these?”4. waves lapping against the side of the ship: waves touching the side of the ship gently and makes a soft sound lap can also be used as a noun.e.g. Your lap is the flat area formed by your thighs when you are sitting down. Her youngest child was asleep in her lap.He placed the baby on the woman’s lap.In a race, when you say that a competitor has completed a lap when he or she has gone round the course race.5. as far as I could see in all direction: that extended as far as the eye could see;6. that stretched all the way to the horizon: that extended to the far off place where the sky meet the earth7. comparable: something that is comparable to something else is a) as good as/ as big as/ as important as the other thing; b) similar to the other thinge.g. This dinner is comparable to the best French cooking.Our house is not comparable with yours. Ours is just a small hut while yours is a palace.8. Now it is disappearing because the water that used to feed it has been diverted in an ill-considered irrigation scheme to grow cotton in the dessert: Now it is becoming smaller and smaller because the water that used to flow into the sea has been turned away to irrigate the land created in the desert to grow cotton. The。
高级英语教材第3册课文详解及课后答案
高级英语教材第3册课文详解及课后答案第1课：课文详解课文概述本课文是高级英语教材第3册的第1课。
该课文主要讲述了一个有关环境保护的故事。
故事中，主人公发现了湖泊里有大量的垃圾，他决定采取行动清理湖泊并保护环境。
重点词汇- pollution：污染- environment：环境- garbage：垃圾- dispose：处理主要内容本课文主要强调了环境保护的重要性。
它提醒读者们应该意识到我们对环境造成的损害，并采取积极的措施来保护环境。
故事中的主人公通过自己的努力清理了湖泊中的垃圾，以示榜样。
难点解析本课文的难点主要在于高级英语词汇的理解和使用。
例如，dispose是一个较为高级的词汇，意为“处理”。
同时，对于一些环境污染相关的词汇，如pollution和garbage，同学们也需要掌握其正确的用法和意义。
课后练答案1. 清理湖泊中的垃圾是为了保护环境。
2. 主人公通过自己的努力给大家树立了一个榜样。
3. pollution的中文意思是污染。
4. garbage的中文意思是垃圾。
5. environment的中文意思是环境。
第2课：课文详解课文概述本课文是高级英语教材第3册的第2课。
该课文主要讲述了一个关于文化差异的故事。
故事中，两个国家的人民在交流中发现了各自文化之间的不同之处，并通过相互尊重与理解来加强彼此的交流。
重点词汇- cultural：文化的- difference：差异- respect：尊重主要内容本课文主要强调了文化差异的重要性。
它提醒读者们在跨文化交流中要学会尊重和理解他人的文化差异，以促进有效的沟通和交流。
故事中的主人公通过与他人进行深入交流，发现并品味了另一个国家的文化。
难点解析课后练答案1. 在跨文化交流中，尊重他人的文化差异是非常重要的。
2. 主人公通过与他人的交流，深入了解了另一个国家的文化。
3. cultural的中文意思是文化的。
4. difference的中文意思是差异。
高级英语原文及翻译
高级英语原文及翻译第一课 1 John Koshak, Jr.,knew that Hurricane Camille would be bad. Radio and television warnings had sounded throughout that Sunday, last August 17, as Camille lashed northwestward across the Gulf of Mexico. It was certain to pummel Gulfport, Miss., where the Koshers lived. Along the coasts of Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama, nearly 150,000 people fled inland to safer 8round. But, like thousands of others in the coastal communities, john was reluctant to abandon his home unless the family -- his wife, Janis, and their seven children, abed 3 to 11 -- was clearly endangered.2 Trying to reason out the best course of action, he talked with his father and mother, who had moved into the ten-room house with the Koshaks a month earlier from California. He also consulted Charles Hill, a long time friend, who had driven from Las Vegas for a visit.3 John, 37 -- whose business was right there in his home ( he designed and developed educational toys and supplies, and all of Magna Products' correspondence, engineering drawings and art work were there on the first floor) -- was familiar with the power of a hurricane. Four years earlier, Hurricane Betsy had demolished undefined his former home a few miles west of Gulfport (Koshak had moved his family to a motel for the night). But that house had stood only a few feet above sea level. "We' re elevated 2a feet," he told his father, "and we' re a good 250 yards from the sea. The place has been here since 1915, and no hurricane has ever bothered it. We' II probably be as safe here as anyplace else."4 The elder Koshak, a gruff, warmhearted expert machinist of67, agreed. "We can batten down and ride it out," he said. "If we see signs of danger, we can get out before dark."5 The men methodically prepared for the hurricane. Since water mains might be damaged, they filled bathtubs and pails. A power failure was likely, so they checked out batteries for the portable radio and flashlights, and fuel for the lantern. John's father moved a small generator into the downstairs hallway, wired several light bulbs to it and prepared a connection to the refrigerator.6 Rain fell steadily that afternoon; gray clouds scudded in from the Gulf on the rising wind. The family had an early supper.A neighbor, whose husband was in Vietnam, asked if she and her two children could sit out the storm with the Koshaks. Another neighbor came by on his way in-land — would the Koshaks mind taking care of his dog?7 It grew dark before seven o' clock. Wind and rain now whipped the house. John sent his oldest son and daughter upstairs to bring down mattresses and pillows for the younger children. He wanted to keep the group together on one floor. "Stay away from the windows," he warned, concerned about glass flying from storm-shattered panes. As the wind mounted to a roar, the house began leaking- the rain seemingly driven right through the walls. With mops, towels, pots and buckets the Koshaks began a struggle against the rapidly spreading water. At 8:30, power failed, and Pop Koshak turned on the generator.8 The roar of the hurricane now was overwhelming. The house shook, and the ceiling in the living room was falling piece by piece. The French doors in an upstairs room blew in with an explosive sound, and the group heard gun- like reports as other upstairs windows disintegrated. Water rose above their ankles.9 Then the front door started to break away from its frame. John and Charlie put their shoulders against it, but a blast of water hit the house, flinging open the door and shoving them down the hall. The generator was doused, and the lights went out. Charlie licked his lips and shouted to John. "I think we' re in real trouble. That water tasted salty." The sea had reached the house, and the water was rising by the minute!10 "Everybody out the back door to the oars!" John yelled. "We' II pass the children along between us. Count them! Nine!"11 The children went from adult to adult like buckets in a fire brigade. But the cars wouldn't start; the electrical systems had been killed by water. The wind was too Strong and the water too deep to flee on foot. "Back to the house!" john yelled. "Count the children! Count nine!"12 As they scrambled back, john ordered, "Every-body on the stairs!" Frightened, breathless and wet, the group settled on the stairs, which were protected by two interior walls. The children put the oat, Spooky, and a box with her four kittens on the landing. She peered nervously at her litter. The neighbor's dog curled up and went to sleep.13 The wind sounded like the roar of a train passing a few yards away. The house shuddered and shifted on its foundations. Water inched its way up the steps as first- floor outside walls collapsed. No one spoke. Everyone knew there was no escape; they would live or die in the house.14 Charlie Hill had more or less taken responsibility for the neighbor and her two children. The mother was on the verge of panic. She clutched his arm and kept repeating, "I can't swim, I can't swim."15 "You won't have to," he told her, with outward calm. "It'sbound to end soon."16 Grandmother Koshak reached an arm around her husband's shoulder and put her mouth close to his ear. "Pop," she said, "I love you." He turned his head and answered, "I love you" -- and his voice lacked its usual gruffness.17 John watched the water lap at the steps, and felt a crushing guilt. He had underestimated the ferocity of Camille. He had assumed that what had never happened could not happen. He held his head between his hands, and silently prayed: "Get us through this mess, will You?"18 A moment later, the hurricane, in one mighty swipe, lifted the entire roof off the house and skimmed it 40 feet through the air. The bottom steps of the staircase broke apart. One wall began crumbling on the marooned group.19 Dr. Robert H. Simpson, director of the National Hurricane Center in Miami, Fla., graded Hurricane Camille as "the greatest recorded storm ever to hit a populated area in the Western Hemisphere." in its concentrated breadth of some 70 miles it shot out winds of nearly 200 m.p.h. and raised tides as high as 30 feet. Along the Gulf Coast it devastated everything in its swath: 19,467 homes and 709 small businesses were demolished or severely damaged. it seized a 600, 000-gallon Gulfport oil tank and dumped it 3 ~ miles away. It tore three large cargo ships from their moorings and beached them. Telephone poles and 20-inch-thick pines cracked like guns as the winds snapped them.20 To the west of Gulfport, the town of Pass Christian was virtually wiped out. Several vacationers at the luxurious Richelieu Apartments there held a hurricane party to watch the storm from their spectacular vantage point. Richelieu Apartments were smashed apart as if by a gigantic fist, and 26 people perished.21 Seconds after the roof blew off the Koshak house, john yelled, "Up the stairs -- into our bedroom! Count the kids." The children huddled in the slashing rain within the circle of adults. Grandmother Koshak implored, "Children, let's sing!" The children were too frightened to respond. She carried on alone fora few bars; then her voice trailed away.22 Debris flew as the living-room fireplace and its chimney collapsed. With two walls in their bedroom sanctuary beginning to disintegrate, John ordered, "Into the television room!" This was the room farthest from the direction of the storm.23 For an instant, John put his arm around his wife. Janis understood. Shivering from the wind and rain and fear, clutching two children to her, she thought, Dear Lord, give me the strength to endure what I have to. She felt anger against the hurricane. We won't let it win.24 Pop Koshak raged silently, frustrated at not being able to do anything to fight Camille. Without reason, he dragged a cedar chest and a double mattress from a bed-room into the TV room. At that moment, the wind tore out one wall and extinguished the lantern. A second wall moved, wavered, Charlie Hill tried to support it, but it toppled on him, injuring his back. The house, shuddering and rocking, had moved 25 feet from its foundations. The world seemed to be breaking apart.25 "Let's get that mattress up!" John shouted to his father. "Make it a lean-to against the wind. Get the kids under it. We can prop it up with our heads and shoulders!"26 The larger children sprawled on the floor, with the smaller ones in a layer on top of them, and the adults bent over all nine. The floor tilted. The box containing the litter of kittens slid off a shelf and vanished in the wind. Spooky flew off the top of asliding bookcase and also disappeared. The dog cowered with eyes closed. A third wall gave way. Water lapped across the slanting floor. John grabbed a door which was still hinged to one closet wall. "If the floor goes," he yelled at his father, "let's get the kids on this."27 In that moment, the wind slightly diminished, and the water stopped rising. Then the water began receding. The main thrust of Camille had passed. The Koshaks and their friends had survived.28 With the dawn, Gulfport people started coming back to their homes. They saw human bodies -- more than 130 men, women and children died along the Mississippi coast- and parts of the beach and highway were strewn with dead dogs, cats, cattle. Strips of clothing festooned the standing trees, and blown down power lines coiled like black spaghetti over the roads.29 None of the returnees moved quickly or spoke loudly; they stood shocked,trying to absorb the shattering scenes before their eyes. "What do we dot" they asked. "Where do we go?"30 By this time, organizations within the area and, in effect, the entire population of the United States had come to the aid of the devastated coast. Before dawn, the Mississippi National Guard and civil-defense units were moving in to handle traffic, guard property, set up communications centers, help clear the debris and take the homeless by truck and bus to refugee centers. By 10 a.m., the Salvation Army's canteen trucks and Red Cross volunteers and staffers were going wherever possible to distribute hot drinks, food, clothing and bedding.31 From hundreds of towns and cities across the country came several million dollars in donations; household and medicalsupplies streamed in by plane, train, truck and car. The federal government shipped 4,400,000 pounds of food, moved in mobile homes, set up portable classrooms, opened offices to provide low-interest, long-term business loans.32 Camille, meanwhile, had raked its way northward across Mississippi, dropping more than 28 inches of rain into West Virginia and southern Virginia, causing rampaging floods, huge mountain slides and 111 additional deaths before breaking up over the Atlantic Ocean.33 Like many other Gulfport families, the Koshaks quickly began reorganizing their lives, John divided his family in the homes of two friends. The neighbor with her two children went to a refugee center. Charlie Hill found a room for rent. By Tuesday, Charlie's back had improved, and he pitched in with Seabees in the worst volunteer work of all--searching for bodies. Three days after the storm, he decided not to return to Las Vegas, but to "remain in Gulfport and help rebuild the community."34 Near the end of the first week, a friend offered the Koshaks his apartment, and the family was reunited. The children appeared to suffer no psychological damage from their experience; they were still awed by the incomprehensible power of the hurricane, but enjoyed describing what they had seen and heard on that frightful night, Janis had just one delayed reaction.A few nights after the hurricane, she awoke suddenly at 2 a.m. She quietly got up and went outside. Looking up at the sky and, without knowing she was going to do it, she began to cry softly.35 Meanwhile, John, Pop and Charlie were picking through the wreckage of the home. It could have been depressing, but it wasn't: each salvaged item represented a little victory over the wrath of the storm. The dog and cat suddenly appeared at thescene, alive and hungry.36 But the blues did occasionally afflict all the adults. Once, in a low mood, John said to his parents, "I wanted you here so that we would all be together, so you could enjoy the children, and look what happened."37 His father, who had made up his mind to start a welding shop when living was normal again, said, "Let's not cry about what's gone. We' II just start all over."38 "You're great," John said. "And this town has a lot of great people in it. It' s going to be better here than it ever was before."39 Later, Grandmother Koshak reflected: "We lost practically all our possessions, but the family came through it. When I think of that, I realize we lostnothing important."第二课1 As the corpse went past the flies left the restaurant table ina cloud and rushed after it, but they came back a few minutes later.2 The little crowd of mourners -- all men and boys, no women--threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, walling a short chant over and over again. What really appeals to the flies is that the corpses here are never put into coffins, they are merely wrapped in a piece of rag and carried on a rough wooden bier on the shoulders of four friends. When the friends get to the burying-ground they hack an oblong hole a foot or two deep, dump the body in it and fling over it a little of the dried-up, lumpy earth, which is like broken brick. No gravestone, no name, no identifying mark of any kind. The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. Aftera month or two no one can even be certain where his own relatives are buried.3 When you walk through a town like this -- two hundred thousand inhabitants of whom at least twenty thousand own literally nothing except the rags they stand up in-- when you see how the people live, and still more how easily they die, it is always difficult to believe that you are walking among human beings. All colonial empires are in reality founded upon this fact. The people have brown faces--besides, there are so many of them! Are they really the same flesh as your self? Do they even have names? Or are they merely a kind of undifferentiated brown stuff, about as individual as bees or coral insects? They rise out of the earth，they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone. And even the graves themselves soon fade back into the soil. Sometimes, out for a walk as you break your way through the prickly pear, you notice that it is rather bumpy underfoot, and only a certain regularity in the bumps tells you that you are walking over skeletons.4 I was feeding one of the gazelles in the public gardens.5 Gazelles are almost the only animals that look good to eat when they are still alive, in fact, one can hardly look at their hindquarters without thinking of a mint sauce. The gazelle I was feeding seemed to know that this thought was in my mind, for though it took the piece of bread I was holding out it obviously did not like me. It nibbled nibbled rapidly at the bread, then lowered its head and tried to butt me, then took another nibble and then butted again. Probably its idea was that if it could drive me away the bread would somehow remain hanging in mid-air.6 An Arab navvy working on the path nearby lowered hisheavy hoe and sidled slowly towards us. He looked from the gazelle to the bread and from the bread to the gazelle, with a sort of quiet amazement, as though he had never seen anything quite like this before. Finally he said shyly in French: "1 could eat some of that bread."7 I tore off a piece and he stowed it gratefully in some secret place under his rags. This man is an employee of the municipality.8 When you go through the Jewish Quarters you gather some idea of what the medieval ghettoes were probably like. Under their Moorish Moorishrulers the Jews were only allowed to own land in certain restricted areas, and after centuries of this kind of treatment they have ceased to bother about overcrowding. Many of the streets are a good deal less than six feet wide, the houses are completely windowless, and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies. Down the centre of the street there is generally runninga little river of urine.9 In the bazaar huge families of Jews, all dressed in the long black robe and little black skull-cap, are working in dark fly-infested booths that look like caves. A carpenter sits crosslegged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chairlegs at lightning speed. He works the lathe with a bow in his right hand and guides the chisel with his left foot, and thanks to a lifetime of sitting in this position his left leg is warped out of shape. At his side his grandson, aged six, is already starting on the simpler parts of the job.10 I was just passing the coppersmiths' booths when somebody noticed that I was lighting a cigarette. Instantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamouring for a cigarette. Even a blind man somewhere at theback of one of the booths heard a rumour of cigarettes and came crawling out, groping in the air with his hand. In about a minute I had used up the whole packet. None of these people, I suppose, works less than twelve hours a day, and every one of them looks on a cigarette as a more or less impossible luxury.11 As the Jews live in self-contained communities they follow the same trades as the Arabs, except for agriculture. Fruitsellers, potters, silversmiths, blacksmiths, butchers, leather-workers, tailors, water-carriers, beggars, porters -- whichever way you look you see nothing but Jews. As a matter of fact there are thirteen thousand of them, all living in the space of a few acres. A good job Hitlet wasn't here. Perhaps he was on his way, however. You hear the usual dark rumours about Jews, not only from the Arabs but from the poorer Europeans.12 "Yes vieux mon vieux, they took my job away from me and gave it to a Jew. The Jews! They' re the real rulers of this country, you know. They’ve got all the money. They control the banks, finance -- everything."13 "But", I said, "isn't it a fact that the average Jew is a labourer working for about a penny an hour?"14 "Ah, that's only for show! They' re all money lenders really. They' re cunning, the Jews."15 In just the same way, a couple of hundred years ago, poor old women used to be burned for witchcraft when they could not even work enough magic to get themselves a square meal. square meal16 All people who work with their hands are partly invisible, and the more important the work they do, the less visible they are. Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuous. In northern Europe, when you see a labourer ploughing a field, you probablygive him a second glance. In a hot country, anywhere south of Gibraltar or east of Suez, the chances are that you don't even see him. I have noticed this again and again. In a tropical landscape one's eye takes in everything except the human beings.。
高级英语部分课文修辞讲解
1.metaphor暗喻slips and slidesthe sinister corridor of our age… and no one has any idea where it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows. … that suddenly the alchemy of conversation took place, and all at once there was a focus.The glow of the conversation burst into flames.We had traveled in five minutes to Australia.The fact that their marriages may be on the rocks, or that their love affairs have been broken or even that they got out of bed on the wrong side is simply not a concernThe conversation was on wings.When E.M.F orster writes of “the sinister corridor of our age,” we sit up at the vividness of the phrase, the force and even terror in the image.Mark Twain --- Mirror of Americasaw clearly ahead a black wall of night...main artery of transportation in the young nation's heartAll would resurface in his books...that he soaked up...…who saw clearly ahead a black wall of night.…main artery of transportation in the young nation’s heart.my case would snowball into...our town ...had taken on a circus atmosphere.The street ...sprouted with ...… had not scorched the infidels...…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…No one,... that may case would snowball into......our town ...had taken on a circus atmosphere.The street ...sprouted with ...He thundered in his sonorous organ tones....champion had not scorched the infidels...…after the preliminary sparring over legalities…...the nerves of both ... were excessively frayed…his wife shot him a swift, warning glance.The words spat forth with sudden savagery.Her tone ...withered......self-assurance...flickered...The Duchess kept firm tight rein on her racing mind.Her voice was a whiplasheyes bored into himI’ll spell it out.original sinwe saw how hun gry the American people….racial lens…whitest populations firestormvessel2. sarcasm反讽The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probably try to talk sense and so ruin all conversation.3. simile明喻They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each other's lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into, each other’s lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings.The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth.The burying-ground is merely a huge waste of hummocky earth, like a derelict building-lot. ... and sore-eyed children cluster everywhere in unbelievable numbers, like clouds of flies.And really it was almost like watching a flock of cattle to see the long column, a mile or two miles of armed men, flowing peacefully up the road, while the great white birds drifted over them in the opposite direction, glittering like scraps of paper.Indeed, this nation’s best-loved author was every bit as adventurous, patriotic, romantic, and humorous as anyone has ever imaginedT om’s mischievous daring, ingenuity, and the sweet innocence of his affection for Becky Thatcher are almost as sure to be studied in American schools today as is the Declaration of Independence....swept the arena like a prairie fire...a palm fan like a sword...4. metonymy转喻Is the phrase in Shakespeare?...his pen would prove mightier than his pickaxe…but for making money, his pen would prove mightier than his pickax....tomorrow the magazines, the books, the newspapers...The Christian believes that man came from above. ...belowwon 100 at the tableslost it at the barthey'll throw the book,...jarring to the untrained ear5.alliteration头韵法They rise out of the earth, they sweat and starve for a few years, and then they sink back into the nameless mounds of the graveyard and nobody notices that they are gone.Even with the most educated and the most literate, the King’s English slips and slides in conversation....the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home...with a dash and daring......a recklessness of cost or consequences...It was a splendid population –for all the slow, sleepy, sluggish-brained sloths stayed at home.It was that population…and rushing them through with a magnificent dash and daring and a recklessness of cost or consequences‖color and creedthe greatness and the goodness of our nationtrials and triumphs…unique and universal…stories and songs…struggles and successes, the bitterness and biases6. elliptical sentence省略句The little crowd of mourners –all men and boys, no women—threaded their way across the market place between the piles of pomegranates and the taxis and the camels, wailing a short chant over and over again.Not hostile, not contemptuous, not sullen, not even inquisitive.7.transferred epithet 移就Darrow had whisper throwing a reassuring arm round my shoulder.Cheerful money, suicidal sky, sleepless nightInstantly, from the dark holes all round, there was a frenzied rush of Jews, many of them old grandfathers with flowing grey beards, all clamoring for a cigarette.8. synecdoche(提喻)Still, a white skin is always fairly conspicuousThis wretched boy, who is a French citizen and has therefore been dragged from the forest to scrub floors and catch syphilis in garrison towns, actually has feelings of reverence before a white skin.Keelboats,...carried the first major commerce.the case had erupted round my head9.hyperbole夸张法...cruise through eternal boyhood and ...endless summer of freedom...The cast of characters…--- a cosmos.The trial that rocked the worldThe trial that rocked the world His reputation as an authority on Scripture is recognized throughout the world.A carpenter sits cross-legged at a prehistoric lathe, turning chair-legs at lightning speed.10.onomatopoetic words symbolism拟声词的象征意义As the storks flew northward the Negroes were marching southward—a long, dusty column, infantry, screw-gun batteries, and then more infantry, four or five thousand men in all, winding up the road with a clumping of boots and a clatter of iron wheels.11. Personification拟人life dealt him profound personal tragedies...the river had acquainted him with ......to literature's enduring gratitude...Bitterness fed on the man...America laughed with him.12.Antithesis对照...between what people claim to be and what they really are......took unholy verbal shots at the Holy Land......a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever…of the difference between what people claim to be and what they really are.…a world which will lament them a day and forget them forever.The christian believes that man came from above. The evolutionist believes that he must have come from below.we may have different stories, but we hold common hopes; we may not look the same and we may not have come from the same place, but we all want to move in the same direction.I’ve gone to some of the best schools in America and lived in one of the world’s poorest nations.that elevates what is wrong with America above all that we know is right wit h America.kindness and cruelty; the fierce intelligence and the shocking ignorance,13. Euphemism委婉语...men's final release from earthly struggleHe tried soldiering for two weeks with a motley band of Confiderate guerrillas who diligently avoided contact with the enemy.he commented with a crushing sense of despair on man’s final release from ear thly struggles...and you took a lady friend....and you took a lady friend.14. Sarcasm讥讽…I knew more about retreating than the man that invented retreating.…one could set a trap anywhere and catch a dozen abler man in a night.There is some doubt about that. And it is a mighty strong combination.15. Assonance:类音，类韵,半谐音when bigots lighted faggots to burn...16. RepetitionThe truth always wins...the truth...the truth...17. Ironymarching backwards to the glorious age of the 16th centuryHiroshima---the liveliest city in the worldAfter a while,it is the setting of man against man and creed against creed until weare marching backwards to the glorious age of the sixteenth century.18. oxymoron （矛盾修辞法）orderly chaos ;a living death; tearful joy; poor rich guys; a love-hate relationshipDudley Field Malene called my conviction a , “victorious defeat”Dark light , living dead , new classic , old news, open secret19. Ridicule嘲笑Bryan, ageing and paunchy, was assisted ... Bryan mopped his bald dome in silence.20. Pun双关DARVIN IS RIGHT-------INSIDE.21. Onomatopoeia:拟声词appreciative chuckleclucked his tongue22.Parallelism…to continue the long march of those who came before us, a march for a more just, more equal, more free, more caring and more prosperous America.I have brothers, sisters, nieces, nephews, uncles and cousins, of every race and every hue…23. The use of pronounsThe use of pronouns such as we, us, our, I, me, my, indicates how much responsibility the speaker wants to assume for an idea。
高级英语下册课文讲解.doc
高级英语（下）Lesson OneWhat’s Wrong with Our Press?课文要义（Main idea of the text）As a printed - word woman, the author tries to point out the disadvantages and problemsremain in the press by making a contrast with television based on the date out of a survey. Having sharply criticized the partisan bit and the abuse of the sacred right entrusted to the press: to inform a free people. Marya Mamies has reached a conclusion that the press willbe hopeless and useless unless it has to make some dramatic changes even though change means trouble, work and cost.词汇(V ocabulary)1. conflict (v): (of opinions, desires, etc.) be in opposition or disagreement; be incompatible 不一致；冲突Their account of events conflicts with ours. 他们对事件的说法与我们截然不同。
Do British laws conflict with any international laws? 英国法与国际法是否有相违背之处？2. allot (v): give (time, money, duties, etc.) as a share of what is available; apportion sth. 分配；分给The principal allotted each grade a part in the Christmas program. 校长分给每个年级一部分圣诞礼物。