试论缔约过失责任与违约责任的竟合

论文题目：试论违约责任与侵权责任的竞合XX：王鑫童

专业：法学

指导老师：X 凤霞

摘要

侵权责任与违约责任在许多方面对当事人的影响不同。首先，归责原则不同。其次，责任构成要件不同。再次，责任形式也不同，违约主要为违约金，双方约定。而侵害以损害赔偿为主，且以实际发生的。第四，承担责任的主体。再次，责任X围的不同，违约以财产，侵权以财产人身精神。第五，证明责任方面和诉讼管辖方面。最后，诉讼管辖方面也不同。这些不同，对权利人行使权利时很重要。责任竞合时，采取何种法律制度，简述有三种：首先以法国为代表的禁止竞合制度。其次以德国为代表的允许竞合和选择请求权制度。再次，以英国为代表的有限制的选择诉讼制度。本文通过对侵权责任和违约责任竞合所产生的各种学说和对此的处理以及我国对竞合的处理进行了评述。

关键词：责任竞合法条竞合说请求权竞合说请求权规X竞合说

The abstract

Right infringement responsibility and the violation responsibility the influence are different in many aspects to the litigant.First, turns over to the responsibility principle to be different.Next, the responsibility constitution important document is different.The responsibility form also is once more different, the violation mainly is the penalty, both sides agrees.But violates the damage pensate primarily, also by occurs actually.Fourth, undertakes the responsibility main body. Fifth, proof responsibility aspect and lawsuit jurisdiction aspect.Finally, the lawsuit jurisdiction aspect is also different.These different, exercises when the right to the obligee is very important.The responsibility petes fashionably, adopts what kind of legal regime, the summary has three kinds: First petes take France as representative's prohibition gathers the system.Next petes take Germany as representative's permission gathers and chooses the request power system. Once more, has the limit choice lawsuit system take England as representative.This article through peted each theory to the right infringement responsibility and the violation responsibility and regarding this processing as well as our country which gathered produces to processing which peted gathers has carried on the narration.

Key word: The responsibility petes gathers the law to pete gathers said The request power petes gathers said the request power standard petes gathers said

目录

1．违约责任与侵权责任竞合概述1

1.1违约责任与侵权责任竞合的概念1

1.2违约责任与侵权责任竞合产生的原因1

2．违约责任与侵权责任竞合的几种理论3

2.1关于违约责任与侵权责任竞合的三种学说3

2.2我国学者对违约责任和侵权责任竟合的研究论述4

3．外国违约责任与侵权责任竞合的法律制度7

3.1禁止竞合制度7

3.2允许竞合和选择请求权制度7

3.3有限制的选择诉讼制度7

4．我国违约责任与侵权责任竞合的法律制度9

4．1禁止竞合制度时期……………………………………………………………错误!未定义书签。

4.2允许竞合时期………………………………………………………………….错误!未定义书签。

4.3逐步完善时期错误!未定义书签。

5．对违约责任与侵权责任竞合的一些思考11

5.1对责任竞合是否加以限制11

5.2竞合选择后，如何充分补偿受害人权益11

结论12

致谢13

前言

违约责任与侵权责任是民事责任中最基本的两类民事责任，违约责任又称违反合同的责任或合同责任，一般认为它是合同当事人不履行合同债务（即当事人的义务）时依法产生的法律责任。违约责任与侵权责任的竞合是指行为人实施的某一XX行为违反了合同规X和侵权

规X，同时具备违约责任与侵权责任的构成要件，导致违约责任与侵权责任同时产生的一种法律现象违约责任和侵权责任在早期的罗马法中就体现了他们的分离，且在盖尤斯的《法学阶梯》所明确肯定。现代各国的立法实践中，根据“盖尤斯分类法”也对此作出区别，使两种行为可导致不同法律责任的产生。对于违约责任与侵权责任竞合的现象，各国有三种基本法律对策，即禁止竞合；允许竞合及选择请求权制度和限制竞合。在我国，侵权责任和违约责任竞合问题，经历了一个逐步演变的过程。由禁止竞合时期到允许竞合时期再到逐步完善时期时的我国《合同法》第122条在合同法中正式确认责任竞合制度。