2017-2018学年上海市普陀区曹二高三英语周测ireader
2018届普陀高三英语二模答案(作文有范文)
普陀区2017学年第二学期高三英语质量调研参考答案I. ListeningSection A1-5 B C A B C 6-10 D C B D DSection B11-13 C A D 14-16 B B D 17-20 A D B AII. Grammar and VocabularySection A21. on 22. to serve 23. that 24. involved 25. what26. had become 27. where 28. them 29. but 30. have been foundSection B31-35 E J K B A D I G H CIII. Reading ComprehensionSection A41-45 CDABD 46-50 ABDAC 51-55 CBABCSection B56-59 C D B B 60-62 CA C 63-66 C B C DSection C67-70 D A F BIV. Summary WritingFor Reference：A study shows if a person has a good short-term memory he is likely to feel bored quickly. Assuming memories of past experience may influence the different rates at which some people feel fed up, two researchers conducted a test, relating students’ memory capacity to their performance, and got the result. The findings may apply to marketing, self-controlling and educating. (60)评分标准：评分标准:1. 本题总分为10分, 其中内容5分, 语言5分。
2017年上海普陀区高三二模英语试卷-学生用卷
2017年上海普陀区高三二模英语试卷-学生用卷一、单词填空1、【来源】 2017年上海普陀区高三二模第21~30题10分2018~2019学年上海杨浦区上海市杨浦高级中学高二上学期期中第21~30题10分(每题1分)Wildlife in DeclineThe populations of Earth's wild vertebrates （脊椎动物）have declined by 58% over the past four decades, according to the Living Planet Report 2016 published by the World Wildlife Fund. Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching（偷猎）are in largepart1（blame） for the decline. If the trend continues, by 2020, theworld2（lose） two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. "Sadly, there is no sign yet3this rate will decrease, " the report says."Across land, fresh water and the oceans, human activities are forcing wildlife populations to the edge, " says Marco Lambertini, director-general of WWF International. The Living Planet Report is published every two years. It aims to provide an assessment of the state of the world's wildlife. The 2016 study included 3700 different species of birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles around the world. The team collected data from more than 3000 sources, including government statistics andsurveys4（carry） out by conservation groups. They thenanalyzed5the population sizes had changed over time. Lambertini said some groups of animals had done worse than others. ''We do see particularly strongdeclines6the freshwater environment. For freshwater species alone, the decline stands at 81% since 1970. This is related to the way thatwater7（use） and taken out of freshwater systems, and also to the fragmentation（分裂）of freshwater systems through dam building, for example."The report also highlighted other species, such as Africanelephants,8have suffered huge declines in recent years, and sharks, which are threatened by overfishing.9all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. "One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven't yet gone extinct, " said Robin Freeman，head of the Zoological Society of London. "On the whole,10are not dying out, and that means we still have opportunities to do something about the decline."二、选词填空2、【来源】 2017年上海普陀区高三二模第31~40题10分Leadership Traits（特质）My job puts me in contact with extraordinary leaders in many fields. So I tendto1 a lot on leadership and how we can inspire successful teamwork, cooperation, and partnerships. In my experience, it is clear that the most successful leaders—both men and women—always demonstrate three2traits.TrustworthinessLeaders must set an example of honesty and justice and earn the trust of their teams through their everyday actions. When you do so with positive energy and enthusiasmfor3goals and purpose, you can deeply connect with your team and customers. A culture of trust enables you to empower employees and4the foundation for communication, accountability, and continuous improvement.Compassion（共情）You can't forget that organizational success5from the hearts and minds of the men and women you lead. Rather than treating your people as you'd like to be treated, treat them as they would like to be treated. Small gestures like choosing face-to-face meetings or sendingpersonal6can have an enormous impact on the spirits of the teams. In addition to thanks and praise, you must also understand people's needs, pressures, and individual goals, which will allow you to lead them more effectively and7to their personal ambitions and professional development.DecisivenessIn times of8employees long for clarity. As a leader, you won't always have all of the answers—no one expects you to—so you must be open to listening and learning from others. Once you understand a particular challenge and9the options, you have to be confident in making bold and optimistic decisions.Successful leadership demands a lifelong commitment to sharpening these three basic skills. Wherever you have the opportunity to10, the qualities of trustworthiness, compassion, and decisiveness are the keys to leadership and organizational success.三、完形填空3、【来源】 2017年上海普陀区高三二模第41~55题Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by . Newspapers , magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently1boxing matches . Professional boxers earn a lot of money , and successful boxers are2as big heroes.It seems to me that people , especially men ,find it3because it is an aggressive sport . When they watch a boxing match , they can4the winning boxer , and this gives them the feeling of being a5themselves . It is a fact that many people have feeling of aggression from time to time , but they cannot showtheir6in their everyday lives . Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression .However , there is a7side to boxing . It can be a very dangerous sport . Although boxers wear gloves during the fights , and amateur boxers8have to wear helmets , there have frequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing , sometimes with9consequences . Boxers have suffered from head injuries , and occasionally , fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out inthe10. Furthermore , studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing , in the form of serious brain11,even if a boxer has never been knocked out .I am personally not at all in12of aggressive sports like boxing . I think it would be better if less time was13to aggressive sports on TV, and we welcomed more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society . I believe that the world is aggressive enough already ! Of course , peoplelike14sports , and so do I , but I thinkthat15other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport.A. broadcastB. coverC. hostD. designA. keptB. individualC. thoughtD. treatedA. appealingB. subjectiveC. violentD. challengingA. pick upB. believe inC. identify withD. long forA. winnerB. spectatorC. inspectorD. trainerA. ambitionB. aggressionC. energyD. strengthA. positiveB. indifferentC. deadlyD. negativeA. otherwiseB. somehowC. evenD. barelyA. dramaticB. eye-catchingC. emotionalD. specialA. courtB. ringC. pitchD. yardA. lossB. drainC. damageD. disorderA. favourB. processC. chargeD. powerA. shiftedB. transformedC. givenD. deliveredA. competitiveB. quietC. cooperativeD. regularA. invadingB. insultingC. teasingD. hitting四、阅读理解4、【来源】 2017年上海普陀区高三二模（A篇）第56~59题FrankensteinFrankenstein was a book by Mary Shelly—it's been adapted for the screen dozens of times. The story of Frankenstein is told through a series of letters written by Captain Robert Walton to his sister, as he leads an expedition （长征）to the North Pole. On the way, he meets Victor Frankenstein, who tells Walton the story of his life. Frankenstein is the surname of the guy who creates the monster. The monster doesn't actually have a name. Anyway, Victor is a scientist who's desperate to discover the secret of life. After years of study, he makes an enormous creature out of human remains and brings it to life. Victor intends it to be beautiful. Unfortunately, the creature turns out really hideous, and Victor runs away in terror. Although the monster is good and kind, humans are scared of it. When they mistreat it, the monster becomes angry and evil. Wanting revenge on its creator, the monster murders Dr. Frankenstein's brother, his wife, and his best friend. When Victor figures out the monster is behind all the deaths, he swears to track it down and kill it.This book was written in 1816, right after a period called the Enlightenment. The Enlightenment emphasized the pursuit of knowledge and reason, and gave rise to the scientific method. Mary Shelley criticized the Enlightenment through the character of Victor Frankenstein, " He is a negative example of an Enlightenment scientist—he pursues knowledge at any cost, and his obsession with discovering the secret of life destroys him, as well as his friends and family." Some Enlightenment thinkers might have seen such a loss as necessary for the advancement of science, but not Mary Shelley. She and her husband, poet Percy Shelly, were part of the Romanic Movement in art and literature. Romancism was a reaction against the Enlightenment's embrace of rationality and reason. The Romantics emphasized emotion over rationality,and thought people should feel awe and terror in regard to nature. Frankenstein incorporates all these ideas. To Shelley, Frankenstein doesn't fear and respect the world of nature enough—she says that by tempering with nature, he brings about complete disaster. Frankenstein is not just a great Romantic novel. It's also considered one of the first major works of science fiction. It influences a whole generation of writers, and the monster has become one of the most recognizable figures in Western culture.(1) Which of the following is closest in the meaning to 'hideous' in Paragraph 1?A. UnattractiveB. EngagingC. CharmingD. Handsome(2) What is Victor Frankenstein's fatal weakness?A. His love of scienceB. His rejection of his own creationC. His lack of respect for natureD. His inability to form human relationship(3) How was the Romantic era different from the Enlightenment ?A. The Romantic era emphasized emotion ; the Enlightenment emphasized reason .B. The Romantic era occurred during the 20th century ; the Enlightenment occurred during the 19th century .C. The Romantic era emphasized poetry ; the Enlightenment emphasized prose .D. The Romantic era saw major scientific discoveries ; the Enlightenment was an eraof literary discovery .(4) What effect did "Frankenstein" have on later works of fiction ?A. It inspired books about the EnlightenmentB. It inspired technical writingC. It inspired books of poetryD. It inspired science-fiction writing5、【来源】 2017年上海普陀区高三二模第60~62题(1) If you are a 22-year-old nurse, you can apply for the railcard without.A. the signature of your directorB. $ 28C. application formD. passport-sized photos(2) The 1/3 OFF discount may not apply for the railcard holders who travelat.A. 11 pm on Sunday in AugustB. 7. am on Tuesday in FebruaryC. 7 am on Monday in JulyD. 11 pm on Friday in March(3) Which of the following is True according to the leaflet ?A. If you railcard doesn't have your name signed, it will be used by someone else.B. The benefits of a railcard are transferable to your friend of your age .C. If you have no ticket but have boarded a train, you will still be eligible for a discounted ticketD. If railcard holders wish to use the Eurostar network, they must pay the full fare.6、【来源】 2017年上海普陀区高三二模（C篇）第63~66题The 'Phone Stack（堆）' Game Whenever Michael Carl, the fashion market director at Vanity Fair, goes out to dinner with friends, he plays something, called the " phone stack" game : Everyone places their phones in the middle of the table ; whoever looks at their device before the check arrives picks up the bill. As smartphones continue to burrow（钻入） their way into our lives, and wearable devices like Google Glass threaten to eat into our person space even further, overburdened users are carving out their own device-free zones with special tricks and life hacks."Disconnecting is a luxury that we all need, " Lesley M. M. Blume, a New York writer keeps her phone away from the dinner table at home." The expectation that we must always be available to employers, colleague, family : It creates a real obstacle in trying to set aside private time. But that private time is more important than ever."Much of the digital detoxing （戒毒）is centered on the home, where urgent e-mails from co-workers, texts from friends, Instagram photos from acquaintances and updates on Facebook get together to disturb domestic quietness.A popular method is to appoint a kind of cellphone lockbox, like the milk tin that Brandon Holley, the former editor of lucky magazine, uses." If my phones is buzzing or lighting up, it's still a distraction, so it goes in the box."said Ms. Holley, who lives in a row house in Red Hook, Brooklyn, with her son, Smith, and husband, John." It's not something I want my kid to see." Sleep is a big factor, which is why some people draw the cellphone-free line at the bedroom." I don't want to sleep next to something that is a charged ball of information with photos an e-mails, " said Peter Som, the fashion designer, who keeps his phone plugged in the living room overnight." "It definitely is a head clearer and describes daytime and sleep time clearly."Households with young children are especially mindful about being overconnected, with parents sensitive to how children may imitate bad habits. But it's not just inside the home where users are separating themselves from the habit. Cellphone overusers are making efforts to disconnect in social settings, whether at the request of the host or in the form of friendly competition. The phone-stack game is a lighthearted way for friends to police against rude behavior when eating out. The game gained popularity after Brian Perez, a dancer in Los Angeles, posted the idea online.(1) What might be the reason for Michael Carl to play the "phone stack" game?A. His friends aren't willing to pay for the meal voluntarily .B. He wants to do some funny things with those phonesC. He has been fed up with digital devices being present everywhereD. The wearable devices have brought threats to his privacy .(2) Why is it difficulty for people to break away from their digital device at home ?A. Because they have to do some work at homeB. Because they are expected to be always available to the outsideC. Because people have been addicted to digital devices.D. Because digital devices can enrich people's family life.(3) What does Peter Som do to ensure his sleeping quality at night ?A. He puts his phone in the living room .B. He ignores any information in the phoneC. He deletes all information in his phoneD. He puts his phones in a lockbox(4) Why does the phone-stack game become popular as soon as it is posted online?A. The game helps create a harmonious relationship among friends.B. The game makes the host get along well with the guestC. The game can prevent children from imitating their parents' behaviorD. The game meets people's demand for keeping away from phones easily五、七选五7、【来源】 2017年上海普陀区高三二模第67~70题8分"Any apple today? " Effie asked cheerfully at my window. I followed her to her truck and bought a kilo. On credit, of course. Cash was the one thing in the world I lacked justthem.1All pretense（借口）of payment was drooped when our funds, food and fuel decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often, always bringing some gift: a jar of peaches or some firewood. There were other generosities.2Effie was not a rich woman. Her income, derived from investment she had made while running an interior decorating shop, had never exceeded $200 a month, which she supplemented by selling her apples. But she always managed to help someone poorer.Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time. She was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year. "Here, darling, " I said , " is what I oweyou."3" Give it back as I gave it to you—a little at a time." I think she believed there was magic in the slow discharge of a love debt.The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie, for she died a few weeks later. By now, the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times. But a curious thing began to happen.4At that time, it seemed that my debt would forever go unsettled. So the account can never be marked closed, for Effie's love will go on in hearts that have never known her.A. Our baby was not doing well, so Effie financed my wife's trip to New York for consultation with a specialist.B. Give your help to those in greater need.C. The oddest part of the whole affair is that people whom I help often help others later on.D. Effie worked diligently all her life.E. "Pay me whenever you like, " said Effie, climbing back into her truck.F. "Don't give it to me all at once, " she said.六、概要写作8、【来源】 2017年上海普陀区高三二模第71题Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Chaco Great HouseAs early as the twelfth century A.D., the settlements of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico in the American Southwest were notable for their "great houses, " massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms and often stand three or four stories high. Archaeologists have been trying to determine how the buildings were used. While there is still no universally agreed upon explanation, there are three competing theories. One theory holds that the Chaco structures were purely residential, with each housing hundreds of people. Supporters of this theory have interpreted Chaco great houses as earlier versions of the architecture seen in more recent Southwest societies. In particular, the Chaco houses appear strikingly similar to the large, well-known "apartment buildings" at Taos, New Mexico, in which many people have been living for centuries. A second theory contends that the Chaco structures were used to store food supplies. One of the main crops of the Chaco people was grain maize, which could be stored for long periods of time without spoiling and could serve as a long-lasting supply of food. The supplies of maize had to be stored somewhere, and the size of the great houses would make them very suitable for the purpose. A third theory proposes that houses were used as ceremonial centers. Close to one house, called Pueblo Alto, archaeologists identified an enormous mound formed by a pile of old material. Excavations of the mound revealed deposits containing a surprisingly large number of broken pots. This finding has been interpreted as evidence that people gathered at Pueblo Alto for special ceremonies. At the ceremonies, they ate festive meals and then discarded the pots in which the meals had been prepared or served. Such ceremonies have been documented for other Native American cultures.七、翻译句子9、【来源】 2017年上海普陀区高三二模第72~75题15分翻译句子(1) 想和我一起看电影的人请举手。
上海市各区2017-2018年高...
上海市各区2017-2018年高...Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Ways to Be More EfficientNot all tasks of the day are inspiring, fun or exciting. But you still have to wash those dishes and take care of those routine tasks at work or in school. So what can you do not to get lost in procrastination (拖延) ?I’ll share how I do it, how I get some motivation and find more pleasure in what may seem to be a boring task.Instead of focusing your mind on how boring a task may feel, focus your thoughts on why you are doing this and how good it will feel when you are done with it. If needed, sit down for a few minutes, close your eyes and see in your mind. Then go to work with that motivation and those positive feelings in your body.Do it attentively. 67 Focus 100% on just the work with all your senses—how it feels, looks and smells—as you are scrubbing it and nothing else. Don’t get lost in daydreams. If you are just there, I have found that even such a simple task becomes more enjoyable and something that can bring inner calm rather thandistress.Make a deal with yourself and set a timer for 10 minutes. It is often easier to do tasks like these in small bursts. So make a deal with yourself to just spend 10 minutes on your reading or cleaning the house.68 When the timer rings you can continue doing it if you feel like it (this often happens to me because getting started is the hard part) . Or you can stop and go do something more interesting instead.Create a pleasurable distraction. If possible, try to listen to the radio, your favorite songs, an audio book or watch a movie or TV episode while doing your boring task. 69 I often listen to music or watch an episode of the Simpsons while doing the dishes or other routine work at home.70 Take a walk in the sun. Move on to a more fun or creative task at work or in school. Havea tasty treat. This habit can make it easier to get started and to keep going each day. Because you know that you can look forward to not just being done and the long-term payoff from that but also your immediate reward right after you are finished.Keys:67-70:E D F ASection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Car washes have been automated for decades, but companies developing fully autonomous vehicles must rely on a human touch to keep their cars and trucks in working condition.____67_______For example, soap residue or water spots could effectively "blind" an autonomous car. A traditional car wash's heavy brushes could jar the vehicle's sensors, disrupting their calibration and accuracy. Even worse, sensors, which can cost over $100,000, could be broken. ____68________ Dirt, dead bugs, bird droppings or water spots can impact the vehicle's ability to drive safely.Avis, which has years of experience managing large fleets of rental cars, has been tasked with cleaning and refueling the self-driving van fleet of Waymo, the self-driving arm of Google's parent company. Avis modified three of its branches in the Phoenix area to tend to the Chrysler Pacifica vans."There are special processes that definitely require a lot more care and focus, and you have to clean [the vans] quite often,"______69__________But other self-driving car companies such as Toyota, Aptiv, Drive.AI and Uber described to CNN that they use microfiber cloths along with rubbing alcohol, water or glasscleaner for manual cleanings.____70_______This should alleviate some need for manual cleaning.But because autonomous vehicles can have dozens of sensors, Seeva CEO Diane Lansinger doesn't imagine products like this will be able to clean every camera, radar or LIDAR, a laser sensor that most experts see as essential for self-driving vehicles.Keys:67-70 EFBDSection CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Retro GamingThere’s no doubt that in today’s dig ital world, computer games are extremely sophisticated and capable of creating virtual reality experiences that were unimaginable only a few years ago. So I am interested to see that the simplistic games that I grew up with, are making a revival. But Why?In the 1970s, the original place to play a computer game was at an arcade. Here, you and your mates could try out the new big names in games such as Space Invaders and Pacman.67 And because of the technology involved, the gaming machines were too big to fit into your house.But in the 1980s and 90s, gaming arrived in our homes and people like me were addicted. The sound of beeping became a familiar sound emanating from bedrooms across the land! Names such as Tetris, Sonic and Street Fighter became popular language in the playground –and now they are being talked about – and played – again. One of the reasons is the low cost. The BBC spoke to gamer, Gemma Wood, who says that: 68I understand that a lot of hard work has gone into the design etc., but how can anyone justify ￡50 to ￡60 for a game that you might not even enjoy?69The graphics on old games may not compare with the detail and definition of modern games but they are fun and easy to use by children and adults alike. And of course, nostalgia plays its part. Some people want to relive their childhood while for others, it is a chance to show their children the computer games they grew up with.Technology journalist, KG Orphanides, says "it's important to recognize how well-designed many of those classic games are... the developers had so little space to work with – your average Sega Mega Drive or SNES cartridge had a maximum capacity of just 4mb–and limited graphics and sound capabilities. This compares to an average capacity of 40G in today's games.70___This craze for using retro hardware and grabbing an old joystick is certainly catching on. And to persuade those of us who are not sure about downgrading the gaming experience, manufacturers such as Nintendo, are bringing back some of their older consoles in new style casing.Keys:67-70 BEACSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The Minoans: A Forgotten PeopleThe first advanced culture in ancient Greece was the Minoan culture. For thousands of years, knowledge of these people survived only in Greek myths. In the late 19 h century, archaeologists began to unearth ruins. This inspired Arthur Evans to begin digging on the island of Crete near mainland Greece. On a dig in Kbossos, Evans found an ancient palace Experts think that it was the palace of King Minos, acentral figure in many Greek myths.67With his team, he uncovered a vast structure, varied works of art, and many hieroglyphic records. These finds, together with later finds, comprise all that experts know about Minoan culture.From the evidence experts gathered, it is clear that the Minoans were ahead of their time. The palace at Knossos was five floors high with hundreds of rooms. Buildings throughout the ancient city had plumbing and flush toilets. Stone pavement lined the surfaces of the roads. In addition, the Minoans possessed a highly developed naval fleet for long-distance trade. 68These records confirm the central role of commerce in culture.Their analysis of the evidence also offers insight into some aspects of Minoan society. 69 Ruins and artwork suggest that people of all classes enjoyed a high degree of social and gender equality. Religious icons(图符)show that Minoans worshiped bulls, the natural world, and many female gods.An unusual feature of Minoans culture was the pursuit of leisure interests. Sport and visualarts were central to Minoan life. Boxing and bull jumping, a sport in which players jumped over live bulls, were popular. Although bull jumping may have served some ritual purpose, experts believe that it was done mostly for fun. Similarly, although some works of art showed political and religious themes, other works served only as pleasant decor(装饰品).70 .The Minoans met their demise after a series of natural disasters. Experts believe that group from the Greek mainland capitalized on these events and looked over the island.Keys:67—70 DFBASection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.People discuss their problems with friends in the hope thatthey’ll gain some insight into how to solve them. And even if they don’t find a way to solve their problems, it feels good to let off some steam. (67)_______________ How problems are discussed, though, can be the difference between halving a problem or doubling it.The term psychologists use for negative problem sharing is ―co-rumination‖. Co-rumination is the mutual encouragement to discuss problems repeatedly going over the same problems, anticipating future problems and focusing on negative feelings.(68)________________ In a study involving children aged seven to 15 years of age, researchers found that co-rumination in both boys and girls is associated with ―high-quality‖ andclose friendships. However, in girls, it was also associated with anxiety and depression (the same association was not found with the boys). And studies suggest that co-rumination isn’t just a problem for girls. Co-rumination with work colleagues can increase the risk of stress and burn out, one study suggests.(69)________________ In a group of adults, the effects of co-rumination was compared between face-to-face contact, telephone contact, texting and social media. The positive effects of co-rumination were found in face-to-face contact, telephone contact and texting, but not in social media. The negative aspects of co-rumination (anxiety) was found in face-to-face communication and telephone contact, but not texting or social media. Verbal forms of communication seem to enhance both the positive and negative aspects of co-rumination more than non-verbal communication.Discussing problems with friends doesn’t always have to lead to worsening mental health, as long as the discussion involves finding solutions and the person with the problem actson those solutions. Then, relationships can be positive and beneficial to both parties.(70)________________Keys:67-70 DAFBSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Rhythm of LifeChoosing the right time to sleep, the correct moment to make decisions, the best hour toeat-and even go into hospital—could be your key to perfect health.Centuries after man discovered the rhythms of the planets and the cycles of crops, scientists have learned that we too live by precise rhythms that govern everything from our basic bodily functions to mental skills. Man is a prisoner of time.But it's not just the experts who are switching on to the way our bodies work. 67 Prince Charles consults a chart which tells him when he will be at his peak on a physical, emotional and intellectual level. Boxer Frank Bruno is another who charts his bio-rhythms to plan for big fights.68Sleep, blood pressure, hormone levels and heartbeat all follow their own clocks, which may bear only slight relation to our man-made 24-hour cycle.Research shows that in laboratory experiments when social signals and, most importantly, light indicators such as dawn aretaken away, people lose touch with the 24-hour clock and sleeping patterns change. Temperature and heartbeat cycles lengthen and settle into "days" lasting about 25 hours.In the real world, light and dark keep adjusting internal clock to the 24-hour day. But the best indicator of performance is body temperature. As it falls from a 10 p.m. high of 37.2℃to a pre-dawn low of 36.1℃, mental functions fall too.69 .The most famous example is the nuclear accident at Three Mile Island in the US. The three operators in the control room worked alternating weeks of day, evening and night shifts.70 .Investigators believe this caused the workers to overlooka warming light and fail to close an open valve.Finding the secret of what makes us tick has long fascinated scientists and work done over the last decade has yielded important clues. The aim is to help us become more efficient. For example, the time we eat may be important if we want to maximize intellectual or sporting performance. There is already evidence suggesting that the time when medicine is given to patients affects how well it works.Keys:67-70 EBDFSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.You won't have any excuse to skip class anymore. French startup Open Classrooms is offering the first state-recognized bachelor degree in France that uses only MOOCs(massive openonline courses). The startup partnered with IESA Multimedia to create this program.There are three learning paths in engineering, design and marketing Students will have to complete all the courses and required projects in order to get their degree.67IESA is already working on 40 different MOOCS for this program.On average, it will take a year of hard work in order to complete all the classes. As always, it's hard to keep going when you sign up for a MOOC.68.This kind of degree has many key advantages. For IESA, it gives the school more students. IESA is a private school, and its end goal is to make as much money as possible. So with these new Mooc students, IESA will be able to get more money per teacher on average.69 The startup already offers a course for e20 per month, but you need to pay E300 per month for the Premium Plus offering to use the state-recognized program. it's unclear how much Open Classrooms will keep, but it should be more than €20 per month.For students, it's a cheaper way to get a degree. Maybe you can't afford to study for three years at IESA and pay €6,950 per year.70Sure, it's probably a less enjoyable experience than going to your school and spending time with other students and teachers, but it makes sense for some students.It's an interesting new direction for Open Classrooms, and I can't wait to see whether other schools will start working with the startup to provide online courses. It will be interesting to see whether the first students are satisfied with this kind of degree as well.KEYS:67-70 CDAFSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Most people don’t need science to appreciate the importance of a mother’s love. But to un derstand how early maltreatment can derail a child’s development requires careful study.In a famous research, Harry Harlow had demonstrated that proper psychological and physical development of infants requires nurturing and attention from a parent. 67In that research, socially isolated monkey babies that were removed from their mothers were found to prefer clinging to a cloth-covered surrogate(替代的) mother for comfort.Such experimentation sounds cruel, They, however, have been critical in helping change policies in human orphanages(孤儿院) in the U.S. For centuries some orphanages treated infants equally inhumanely. Despite early evidence that orphanage infants were far more likely to die than others, supporters argued that it didn’t matter whether children had ―parents‖ specially devoted to them at the orphanage, 68Orphans were supposed to be in positive mental and physical health until adopt ive parents were found. Babies, they said, couldn’t remember anyway.The harrowing consequences of these theories were most vividly brought to light in Romania in the 1980s and ’90s. A ban on abortion led to a surge in orphanage babies, simply being fed and changed without individualized affection, some babiespresent serious problems. Many developed。
2018年上海市普陀区高三英语二模试题(2018年.4)
考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2.本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3.答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上，在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection A 10%Directions: In Section A. you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answer on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Cold B. Sunny C. Rainy D. Cloudy2. A. 110 minutes B. 120 minutes C. 130 minutes D. 140 minutes3. A. Shop assistant and customer B. Boss and assistantC. Professor and studentD. Husband and wife4. A. In a meeting room B. In a reference roomC. At a booking officeD. At a police station5. A. A movie B. A lecture C. A play D. A speech6. A. The woman shouldn’t be so upset B. He’s an hour later for the interview.C. The woman should be patientD. He’s too nervous to calm down7. A. The man is intelligent enough B. The man does not work hard enoughC. The man should get some sleepD. The man is hard-working.8. A. He doesn’t enjoy business trips as much as he used to.B. He wants to spend more time with his familyC. He doesn’t think he is capable of doing the jobD. He thinks the pay is too low to support his family9. A. The woman doesn’t have money for her son’s graduate studiesB The woman doesn’t think her son will get a business degreeC. The woman insists that her son should major in science.D. The woman advises her son to think twice before making his decision10. A. It ran into another car B. It fell into a river and sankC. It broke down on the roadD. It left the road and landed in a fieldSection B 15%Directions: In Section B. you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions o n each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following recording.11. A. Noise B. Smoking C. Litter D. Drinking12. A. A tour guide B. A conductor C. A teacher D. A lawyer13. A. To prepare people for international travelB. To make the laws of different kindsC. To inform people of the punishment for breaking lawsD. To give advice to travelers to the countryQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following recording14. A Conference with the course tutor B. Active attendance and commitmentC. Punctuality and politenessD. Debate and essay preparation15. A. Inform the teacher in advance B. Just do not choose the courseC. Drop out of the courseD. Make it up later16. A. One that is written by hand B. One that is originalC. One that is revise by the tutorD. One that keeps to the instructionsQuestions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. His knees and fingers ache B. He doesn’t feel like eatingC. He can’t sleep very wellD. His blood pressure is high18. A. She asks him to have injections and a treatment with raysB. She asks him to have an operation and a treatment with raysC. She asks him to have a good rest and a treatment with raysD. She asks him to have some herbal medicine and a treatment with rays19. A. Every day for seven weeks B. Three times a week for seven weeksC. Three times a weeks for three weeksD. Twenty times for two weeks20. A. Use hot water pads B. Sit by the stoveC. Drink cold waterD. Take cold baths.II. Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Jim ThompsonJim Thompson’s life story is one of success, achievement, and finally mystery because no one knows how it ended.Thompson was born in Delaware(21)_____ the east coast of the United States in 1906. After finishing high school, Thompson went to Princeton University and later studied architecture at the University of Pennsylvania. After graduation, Jim Thompson worked as an architect in New York City until 1940. Not long after this, he volunteered(22)______ (serve)in the U.S. Army. During World War II, Thompson gathered intelligence for the army in Thailand. It was this first taste of life in the Far East(23)______ changed Thompson’s life. He saw opportunities to develop tourism there, becoming(24)______ (involve)in an ambitious scheme to restore the Oriental Hotel.While the hotel plan fell through, by that time Thompson had hit upon another scheme that would eventually make him a millionaire. While traveling around Thailand, he came across(25)____ he considered exquisite(精美的)samples of handwoven Thai silk, a product that(26)_____(become)rare. He persuaded the weavers to work with him and marketed the silk in New York, (27)______ it became very popular. As a consequence, the Thai silk industry was revived(复兴)and the business made Thompson and some of the weavers very wealthy.With his success in the silk business, Jim Thompson continued his original interest in architecture on the side. He found six traditional Thai houses and had(28)_____ brought to Bangkok and reassembled there as one magnificent house. Today, not only is it a beautiful house inside and out, (29)______ it is also filled with the works of art Thompson collected.In 1967 during a holiday in Malaysia, he went for a walk in the Jungle and disappeared forever. To this day, no clues(30)____(find)as to what happened to this wealthy American businessman who is credited with single-handedly reviving the Thai silk industry.Section B10%Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each wordMentally and Intellectually HarmfulLast month, the Indian Medical Association declared a public health emergency in New Delhi because of high levels of air pollution. Schools were shut and emergency traffic restrictions put in place.New Delhi is far from alone. Our research into the___31___ of air pollution in China shows that, in addition to the more obvious physical price, air pollution can also have serious negative effects on mental health and cognition (认知),___ 32___ reducing a person’s happiness and their scores in verbal and mathematical tests.Such harmful mental effects have serious negative consequences for livelihoods and human capital development, suggesting that development___33____ should go beyond the traditional focus of boosting GDP in the developing world.India's recent pollution emergency is the most___34___ incidence(发生率)of dangerous air pollution, but smoggy skies have been a cause of growing___35____ in most developing countries.Major cities across the developing world---from Thailand to Brazil, to Nigeria---___36____ experience pollution at several times the WHO safe limits. In fact, 98% of cities with more than 100.000___37___ in low and middle-income countries fail to meet the WHO’s air quality guidelines.India’s extreme levels of air pollution are well recognized, and examining the effects provides clear warnings for other countries seeking fast growth through rapid industrialization.We used nationally ___38___ longitudinal (纵向)surveys on mental health and cognition, matched with daily air quality data for the time and place of interviews, to see what pollution does in a given time to individual happiness and cognitive performance. Because each person in our survey was __39___multiple times, we can control for the effect of individual characteristics on the outcome variables.We found that worsening air quality led to a decrease in happiness that day__40___to about 10 percent of the reduced happiness one would experience form a negative major life event such as divorce.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A15%Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Globalization: Good or Bad?Globalization is defined in many ways .One simple __41__is that it is the rapid increase in international free trade, investment, and technological exchange. It is argued that this international trade has been one of the main causes of world economic __42___over the past half century. Although there is little doubt that the global economy has developed enormously in the last 50 years, some people believe that this trend has only benefited certain countries, and that others have suffered as a result.Improved income?An argument__43___globalization is that the benefits of increased international trade are shared among everyone in the country. An example of this is China, where per capita income(人均收入)rose from about $1400 in 1980 to over $4000 by 2000.___44____per capita income rose by over 100% in India between 1980 and 1996. It would appear that countries which open their doors to world trade tend to become___45____ .However, these sorts of___46__might not be giving a true picture. They are “average”, and despite the fact that there has been a substantial increase I n income for a small minority of people, the vast majority have only seen a___47___improvement.More imports, more exportsSupporters of free trade point out that there is another direct benefit to be gained from an increase in international trade: exports___48___imports. Take coffee as an example. Countries which produce and export coffee import the packaging for it: a(n) ___49__ trade which enables commerce to develop in two countries at the same time.___50___ maintain that, in general, it is poorer countries that produce and export food such as coffee, and richer countries that produce and export manufactured goods such as packaging materials. Furthermore, it is the richer countries that control the price of good and, ____51___, farmers may be forced to sell their produce at a low price and to buy manufactured goods at a high price.___52___developmentFinally, globalization often___53___ a country to concentrate on industries which are already successful. These countries develop expertise(专门技能)and increase their share in the international market. On the other hand, those countries which___54___ to support all their industries usually do not develop expertise in any one. Consequently, these countries do not find a world market for their goods and do not increase their gross domestic product(GDP).Anti-globalists claim that there is a serious problem in this argument for the ___55___ of industry. Countries which only concentrate on one or two main industries are forced to import other goods. These imported good are frequently overpriced, and these countries, therefore, have a tendency to accumulate huge debts.41. A. indication B. principle C. definition D. factor42. A. systems B. solution C. crisis D. growth43. A. in favor of B. on account of C. with regard to D. in honour of44. A. Fortunately B. Similarly C. Undoubtedly D. Unusually45. A. freer B. greater C. stronger D. wealthier46. A. figures B. descriptions C. countries D. benefits47. A. severe B. slight C. further D. general48. A. overtake B. qualify C. fight D. require49. A. two-way B. all-inclusive C. official D. legal50. A. Supporters B. Advocates C. Critics D. Authorities51. A. otherwise B. nevertheless C. therefore D. besides52. A. Global B. Industrial C. National D. Economical53. A. encourages B. restricts C. forbids D. forces54. A. stop B. continue C. fail D. refuse55. A. globalization B. transformation C. specialization D. identificationSection B22%Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by severalquestions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AThe Harlem RenaissanceThe word “renaissance” means “rebirth”. The Harlem Renaissance took place during the 1920s. It was a time when the African American artistic community grew and flourished, producing a ton of work in a short period of time. The work celebrated African American culture and spoke to their experiences as minorities---both the good parts and the bad parts.After the Civil War, many African Americans left the South to escape unfair treatment and laws that discriminated against them. Between 1910 and 1920, massive numbers of black Southerners moved from the rural south into the urban North and West in the Great Migration. The African American population of Chicago more than doubled during that time! And in New York, African Americans flocked to uptown Manhattan, setting in a neighborhood called Harem. Forming a community within the big city let African Americans keep their cultural identity in a white-dominated society. It was a good thing, and a lot of important cultural issues were brought to light during the Harlem Renaissance. One of the most important figures of the time was the African American writer, W. E.B Du Bois. In his book, The Souls of Back Folk, in 1903, Du Bois wrote that African Americans suffered from something called “double consciousness”. They had their own self-image while they saw themselves through the eyes of white Americans. And performers like Josephine Baker and Paul Robeson brought African American culture to all New Yorkers. The Renaissance was so influential that “Harlem” grew into something of a brand name African Americans were pushing boundaries across all aspects of society. Black businesses began to flourish, creating a growing middle class, like Madame C.J. Walker, who tuned her cosmetics line into a million dollar empire. All together, the artists, and thinkers of this period helped mobilize the larger black population. Young African-Americans took advantage of improved access to higher education. This opened up new career paths and opportunities to attain advanced degrees. Perhaps most importantly, people---black and white---began the push for racial integration, planting the seeds of what would eventually become the civil rights movement of the 1960s.56. Why did many African Americans leave the South after the Civil War?A. To escape slaveryB. To find jobs in agricultureC. To avoid racial discriminationD. To gain citizenship57. How did W.E.B. Du Bois contribute to the Harlem Renaissance?A. He led to movement to return to AfricaB. He composed folk music based on African American themeC. He wrote plays about the African-American experienceD. He wrote about the struggle for African-American identity58. What can you infer about the economic status of African Americans prior to theHarlem Renaissance?A. Nearly all were unemployed at that timeB. The vast majority were considered lower classC. Most were regarded as middle classD. A large percentage were recognized as wealthy59. What actor allowed many more Africa Americans to pursue careers in fields like medicine and law?A. Spread of black businessesB. Access to higher educationC. Shift from agriculture to industryD. Push for unity among all AfricansB60. A traveler will enjoy a performance if he chooses ________.A. the Essential TourB. the Backstage TourC. Opera High TeaD. any of the tours61. Joining the Backstage Tour, a traveler _____.A. is allowed to wear sneakers when standing on the stageB. will have an opportunity to be the conductor of the orchestraC. can take his big family of 8 members to free breakfastD. can buy the discount ticket the day before the tour62. If a couple who travelled with their 17-year-old son joined the Essential Tour and had a meal of $150 there ,what would the lowest cost be if paid in cash?A. $203.25B. $214.5C. $225D. $239.25CA sensational new scientific discovery in the ocean near Australia may explain the most massive extinction of living things in Earth’s his tory. For years, scholars have been frustrated in trying to analyze why 90 to 95 percent of sea life and 75 percent of and life vanished about 250 million years ago. The extinctions were so enormous that they are called The Great Dying. To date, some authorities on ancient life thought that a volcanic eruption or a sudden change in the environment affected all life on Earth. Other specialists have doubted these theories, maintaining that it was not plausible that a solo volcano could bring about such chaos. From the outset, critics believed these claims were exaggerated.By contrast, there is wide acceptance of the idea that a meteor (流星)which hit Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula 65 million years ago was the primary cause of the dinosaurs’ extinction. Nevertheless, until now they had no evidence of an intense meteor impact 185 mill on years earlier. Now they do.American geologists have been examining rock samples from a deep sea crater (火山口)near the northwest coast of Australia. The samples were initially collected and preserved by petroleum technicians seeking oil. Now the geologists and their colleagues believe that the precise splits in th e rock’s structure show a typical pattern for meteors. There is a clear distinction from volcanic patterns. In fact, a spokesperson went so far as to say that these rocks completely revise the way scientists perceive the mass extinctions from the ancient era. Academics say that the meteor’s crater s the size of Mount Qomolangma,the highest mountain on Earth! Literally, the meteor made a mark on Earth as it drowned in the sea. The Earth could not absorb such a harsh blow without sustaining global devastation. Things must have come to a standstill. Evidently, the blow was fatal for many forms of life.Bear in mind that all this was long before mammals---including humans--emerged in Earth’s history.Still, we would be wise to pay attention to the damage a meteor can cause. Fortunately, meteor strikes on Earth are few and far between.63. The word “plausible” (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to“______”.A. availableB. incredibleC. reasonableD. ridiculous64. Why didn’t the meteor affect human bei ngs?A. Because they were very resistantB. Because there weren’t any thenC. Because they lived in isolated areasD. Because they hid themselves in the caves65. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Scholars agreed that a single volcano caused The Great DyingB. 75 percent of land life continued 250 million years agoC. Volcanic rocks and meteors have different patternsD. When the meteor hit land Mount Qomolangma sprang up.66. What is the best title for the passageA. The Dinosaurs’ EndB. Crater on QomolangmaC. Contradictory ClaimsD. A Meteor’s ImpactSection C8%Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.In the early stages of skill or character development imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook. I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. ____67______Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.___68_____If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. _____69_____Blessed is the person willing to at on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them.____70_____The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve you. Then you can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors’ tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering me on.”IV. Summary Writing 10%Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Better Memory Causes BoredomA new study shows that the better your short-term memory, the faster you feel fed up and decide you’ve had enough. The findings appear in the Journal of Consumer Research.Noelle Nelson, assistant professor of marketing and consumer behavior at the University of Kansas School of Business. She and her colleague Joseph Redden at the University of Minnesota tried to think outside the lunch box. “Something that was interesting to me is that some people get tired of things at very different rates. When you think about pop songs on the radio, some people must still be enjoying them and requesting them even after hearing them a lot. But a lot of other people are really sick of those same songs.”The difference, the researchers supposed, might have to do with memories of past consumption.The researchers tested the memory capacity of undergraduates. The students then viewed a repeating series of three classic paintings like The Starry Night, American Gothic, and The Scream or listened and re-listened to a series of three pop songs or three pieces of classical music. Throughout the test, the participants were asked to rate their experience on a scale of zero to ten. And the better a participant scored in the memory test, the faster they got bored.“We found that people with larger capacities remembered more about the music or art, which led to them getting tired of the music or art more quickly. So remembering more details actually made the participants feel like they’d experienced the music or art more often.”The findings suggest that marketers could cope with our desire for their products by figuring out ways to distract us and keep us from fully remembering our experiences. We could also trick ourselves into eating less junk food by recalling the experience of a previous snack. As for kids easily bored, just tell them to forget about it---it might help them have more fun.V. Translation 15%Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.比起节食，我宁愿多做运动来减肥。
2018届高三下学期质量调研(二模)英语试题 含答案
普陀区2018学年高三年级第二次学业质量调研测试英语学科试卷(时间120分钟，满分140分)考生注意：I.本试卷共12页。
满分140分。
考试时间120分钟。
2.答题前，考生务必在答题卡(纸)上用钢笔或水笔清楚填写姓名、准考证号，并用铅笔正确涂写准考证号。
3.答案必须全部涂写在答题卡(纸)上。
第1-20小题，第31-70小题，均由机器阅卷，考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题纸编号一一对应，不能错位。
答案需要更改时，必须将原选项擦去，重新选择。
答案不能涂写在试卷上，涂写在试卷上一律不给分。
第21-30小题，第IV, V大题(即第72-75小题)和VI大题，其答案用钢笔或水笔写在答题纸上，如用铅笔答题或写在试卷上也一律不给分。
I. Listening Comprehension（略）II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Wildlife in DeclineThe populations of Earth’s wild vertebrates (脊椎动物）have declined by 58% over the past four decades, according to the Living Planet Report 2018 published by the World Wildlife Fund.Climate change and activities such as deforestation and poaching（偷猎）are in large part (21)______(blame) for the decline. If the trend continues, by 2020, the world (22)________(lose) two-thirds of its vertebrate biodiversity. ‚Sadly, there is no sign yet (23)________ this rate will decrease,‛ the report says.‚Across land, fresh water and the oceans, human activities are forcing wildlife populations to the edge," says Marco Lambertini, director-general of WWF International.The Living Planet Report is published every two years. It aims to provide an assessment of the state of the world’s wildlife. The 2018 study included 3700 different species of birds, fish, mammals, amphibians and reptiles around the world. The team collected data from more than 3000 sources, including government statistics and surveys (24) ______ (carry) out by conservation groups. They then analyzed (25) ______ the population sizes had changed over time.Lambertini said some groups of animals had done worse than others. ''We do seeparticularly strong declines (26) ______ the freshwater environment. For freshwater species alone, the decline stands at 81% since 1970. This is related to the way that water (27)________(use) and taken out of freshwater systems, and also to the fragmentation（分裂）of freshwater systems through dam building, for example.‛The report also highlighted other species, such as African elephants, (28) ________ nave suffered huge declines in recent years, and sharks, which are threatened by overfishing.(29) ________ ________ ________ all the terrifying facts, however, some conservationists say there is still hope. ‚One of the things that I think is the most important is that these wild animals haven't yet gone extinct,‛ said Robin Freeman，head of the Zoological Society of London. ‚On the whole, (30) ________ are not dying out, and that means we still have opportunities to do something about the decline.‛Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.My job puts me in contact with extraordinary leaders in many fields. So I tend to ____31____ a lot on leadership and how we can inspire successful teamwork, cooperation, and partnerships. In my experience, it is clear that the most successful leaders—both men and women—always demonstrate three ____32____ traits.TrustworthinessLeaders must set an example of honesty and justice and earn the trust of their teams through their everyday actions. When you do so with positive energy and enthusiasm for ____33____ goals and purpose, you can deeply connect with your team and customers. A culture of trust enables you to empower employees and ____34____ the foundation for communication, accountability, and continuous improvement.Compassion (共情)You can't forget that organizational success ____35____ from the hearts and minds of the men and women you lead. Rather than treating your people as you’d like to be treated, treat them as they would like to be treated. Small gestures like choosing face-to-face meetings or sending personal ____36____ can have an enormous impact on the spirits of the teams. In addition to thanks and praise, you must also understand people’s needs, pressures, and individual goals, which will allow you to lead them more effectively and ____37____ to their personal ambitions and professional development.DecisivenessIn times of ____38____ employees long for clarity. As a leader, you won't always have all of the answers—no one expects you to—so you must be open to listening and learning from others. Once you understand a particular challenge and ____39____the options, you have to be confident in making bold and optimistic decisions.Successful leadership demands a lifelong commitment to sharpening these three basic skills. Wherever you have the opportunity to ____40____, the qualities of trustworthiness, compassion, and decisiveness are the keys to leadership and organizational success.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by. Newspapers, magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently ____41____ boxing matches. Professional boxers earn a lot of money, and successful boxers are ____42____ as big heroes.It seems to me that some people, especially men, find it ____43____ because it is an aggressive sport. When they watch a boxing match, they can t ____44____ the winning boxer, and this gives them the feeling of being a t ____45____ themselves. It is a fact that many people have feelings of aggressionIII. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Boxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by . Newspapers , magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently _________boxing matches . Professional boxers earn a lot of money , and successful boxers are _______as big heroes.It seems to me that people , especially men ,find it _______because it is an aggressive sport . When they watch a boxing match , they can _______ the winning boxer , and this gives them the feeling of being a ______ themselves . It is a fact that many people have feeling of aggression from time to time , but they cannot show their _______in their everyday lives . Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression .However , there is a ______side to boxing . It can be a very dangerous sport . Although boxers wear gloves during the fights , and amateur boxers ______have to wear helmets , there have frequently been accident in both professional and amateur boxing , sometimes with ________consequences . Boxers have suffered from head injuries , and occasionally , fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the__________. Furthermore , studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing , in the form of serious brain _______,even if a boxer has never been knocked out .I am personally not at all in ______of aggressive sports like boxing . I think it would be better if less time was _______to aggressive sports on TV, and we welcomedmore men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society . I believe that the world is aggressive enough already ! Of course , people like _______sports , and so do I , but I think that ______other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as a sport.41. A. broadcast B. cover C. host D. design42. A. kept B. individual C. thought D. treated43. A. appealing B. subjective C. violent D. challenging44. A. pick up B. believe in C. identify with D. long for45. A. winner B. spectator C. inspector D. trainer46. A. ambition B. aggression C. energy D. strength47. A. positive B. indifferent C. deadly D. negative48. A. otherwise B. somehow C. even D. barely49. A. dramatic B. eye-catching C. emotional D. special50. A. court B. ring C. pitch D. yard51. A. loss B. drain C. damage D. disorder52. A. favour B. process C. charge D. power53. A. shifted B. transformed C. given D. delivered54. A. competitive B. quiet C. cooperative D. regular55. A. invading B. insulting C. teasing D. hittingSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A. B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)FrankensteinFrankenstein was a book by Mary Shelly ----it’s been adapted for the screen dozens of times. The story of Frankenstein is told through a series of letters written by Captain Robert Walton to his sister , as he leads an expedition （长征）to the North Pole . On the way , he meets Victor Frankenstein , who tells Walton the story of his life. Frankenstein is the surname of the guy who creates the monster . The monster doesn’t actually have a game . Anyway , Victor is a scientist who’s desperate to discover the secret of life . After years of study , he makes an enormous creature out of human remains and brings it to life . Victor intends it to be beautiful . Unfortunately , the creature turns out really hideous , and Victor runs away in terror . Although the monster is good and kind , humans are scared of it . When they mistreat it , the monster becomes angry and evil . Wanting revenge on itscreator , the monster murders Dr. Frankenstein’s brother , his wife , and his best friend . When Victor figures out the monster is behind all the deaths , he swears to track it down and kill it .This book was written in 1816, right after a period called the Enlightenment . The Enlightenment emphasized the pursuit of knowledge and reason , and gave rise to the scientific method . Mary Shelley criticized the Enlightenment through the character of Victor Frankenstein , ‚ He is a negative example of an Enlightenment scientist -------he pursues knowledge at any cost , and his obsession with discovering the secret of life destroys him , as well as his friends and family .‛Some Enlightenment thinkers might have seen such a loss as necessary for the advancement of science , but not Mary Shelley . She and her husband , poet Percy Shelly , were part of the Romanic Movement in art and literature . Romancism was a reacrion against the Enlightenment’s embrace of rationality and reason . The Romantics emphasized emotion over rationality , and thought people should feel awe and terror in regard to nature . Frankenstein incorporates all these ideas. To Shelley , Frankenstein doesn’t fear and respect the world of nature enough ------she says that by tempering with nature , he brings about complete disaster . Frankenstein is not just a great Romantic novel . It’s also co nsidered one of the first major works of science fiction . It influences a whole generation of writers , and the monster has become one of the most recognizable figures in Western culture.56. Which of the following is closest in the meaning to ‘hideous’ in Paragraph 1?A. UnattractiveB. EngagingC. CharmingD. Handsome57. What is Victor Frankenstein’s fatal weakness?A. His love of scienceB. His rejection of his own creationC. His lack of respect for natureD. His inability to form human relationship58. How was the Romantic era different from the Enlightenment ?A. The Romantic era emphasized emotion ; the Enlightenment emphasized reason .B. The Romantic era occurred during the 20th century ; the Enlightenment occurred during the 19th century .C. The Romantic era emphasized poetry ; the Enlightenment emphasized prose .D. The Romantic era saw major scientific discoveries ; the Enlightenment was an era of literary discovery .59. What effect did ‚ F rankenstein‛ have on later works of fiction ?A. It inspired books about the EnlightenmentB. It inspired technical writingC. It inspired books of poetryD. It inspired science-fiction writing60. If you are a 22-year-old nurse , you can apply for the railcard without ________.A. the signature of your director B $ 28c. application form D. passport-sized photos61. The 1/3 OFF discount may not apply for the railcard holders who travel at _______.A. 11 pm on Sunday in AugustB. 7. am on Tuesday in FebruaryC. 7 am on Monday in JulyD. 11 pm on Friday in March62. Which of the following is True according to the leaflet ?A. If you railcard doesn’t have your name signed , it will be used by someoneelse.B. The benefits of a railcard are transferable to your friend of your age .C. If you have no ticket but have boarded a train , you will still be eligible for a discounted ticketD. If railcard holders wish to use the Eurostar network , they must pay the full fare.The ‘ Ph one Stack(堆)’GameWhenever Michael Carl , the fashion market director at Vanity Fair , goes out to dinner with friends , he plays something, called the ‚ phone stack‛ game : Everyone places their phones in the middle of the table ; whoever looks at their device before the check arrives picks up the bill . As smartphones continue to burrow(钻入) their way into our lives , and wearable devices like Google Glass threaten to eat into our person space even further , overburdened users are carving out their own device-free zones with special tricks and life hacks .‚Disconnecting is a luxury that we all need ,‛ Lesley M. M. Blume , a New York writer keeps her phone away from the dinner table at home .‛ The expectation that we must always be available to employers ,colleague, family : It creates a real obstacle in trying to set aside private time . But that private time is more important than ever. ‚ Much of the digital detoxing （戒毒）is centered on the home , where urgent e-mails from co-workers , texts from friends , Instagram photos from acquaintances and updates on Facebook get together to disturb domestic quietness.A popular method is to appoint a kind of cellphone lockbox , like the milk tin that Brandon Holley , the former editor of lucky magazine , uses. ‚ If my phones is buzzing or lighting up , it’s still a distraction , so it goes in the box . ‚, said Ms. Holley , who lives in a row house in Red Hook , Brooklyn , with her son ,Smith , and husband , John .‛It’s not something I want my kid to see.‛ Sleep is a big factor , which is why some people draw the cellphone-free line at the bedroom.‛I don’t want to sleep next to something that is a charged ball of information with photos an e-mails ,‛ said Peter Som , the fashion designer , who keeps his phone plugged in the living room overnight .‛‚It definitely is a head clearer and describes daytime and sleep time clearly .‛Households with young children are especially mindful about being overconnected , with parents sensitive to how children may imitate bad habits . But it’s not just inside the home where users are separating themselves from the habit . Cellphone overusers are making efforts to disconnect in social settings ,whether at the request of the host or in the form of friendly competition . The phone-stack game is a lighthearted way for friends to police against rude behavior when eating out . The game gained popularity after Brian Perez, a dancer in Los Angeles , posted the idea online.63. What might be the reason for Michael Carl to play the ‚ phone stack‛ game?A. His friends aren’t willing to pay for the meal voluntarily .B. He wants to do some funny things with those phonesC. He has been fed up with digital devices being present everywhereD. The wearable devices have brought threats to his privacy .64.Why is it difficulty for people to break away from their digital device at home ?A. Because they have to do some work at homeB. Because they are expected to be always available to the outsideC. Because people have been addicted to digital devices.D. Because digital devices can enrich people’s family life.65. What does Peter Som do to ensure his sleeping quality at night ?A. He puts his phone in the living room .B. He ignores any information in the phoneC. He deletes all information in his phoneD. He puts his phones in a lockbox66. Why does the phone-stack game become popular as soon as it is posted online?A. The game helps create a harmonious relationship among friends.B. The game makes the host get along well with the guestC. The game can prevent children from imitating their parents’ behaviorD. The game meets people’s demand for keeping away from phones easily Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.‚Any apple today ?‛, Effie asked cheerfully at my window ,. I followed her to her truck and bought a kilo . On credit , of course . Cash was the one thing in the world I lacked just them .All pretense （借口）of payment was drooped when our funds , food and fuel decreased to alarming lows. Effie came often , always bringing some gift: a jar of peaches or some firewood . There were other generosities.___________ Effie was not a rich woman . Her income , derived from investment she had made while running an interior decorating shop , had never exceeded $200 a month , which she supplemented by selling her apples .But she always managed to help someone poorer .Years passed before I was able to return the money Effie had given me from time to time . She was ill now and had aged rapidly in the last year .‛ Here , darling , ‚ I said , ‚ is what I owe you ,‛ _____________‛ Give it back as I gave it to you -----a little at a time.‛‚ I think she believed there was magic in the slow discharge of a love debt.The simple fact is that I never repaid the whole amount to Effie , for she died a few weeks later . By now , the few dollars Effie gave me have been multiplied many times . But a curious thing began to happen .___________At that time , it seemed that my debt would forever go unsettled . So the account can never be marked closed , for Effie’s love will go on in hearts that have never known her .IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Chaco Great HouseAs early as the twelfth century A.D., the settlements of Chaco Canyon in New Mexico in the American Southwest were notable for their "great houses," massive stone buildings that contain hundreds of rooms and often stand three or four stories high. Archaeologists have been trying to determine how the buildings were used. While there is still no universally agreed upon explanation, there are three competing theories.One theory holds that the Chaco structures were purely residential, with each housing hundreds of people. Supporters of this theory have interpreted Chaco great houses as earlier versions of the architecture seen in more recent Southwest societies. In particular, the Chaco houses appear strikingly similar to the large, well-known "apartment buildings" at Taos, New Mexico, in which many people have been living for centuries.A second theory contends that the Chaco structures were usedto store food supplies. One of the main crops of the Chaco people was grain maize, which could be stored for long periods of time without spoiling and could serve as a long-lasting supply of food. The supplies of maize had to be stored somewhere, and the size of the great houses would make them very suitable for the purpose.A third theory proposes that houses were used as ceremonial centers. Close to one house, called Pueblo Alto, archaeologists identified an enormous mound formed by a pile of old material. Excavations of the mound revealed deposits containing a surprisingly large number of broken pots. This finding has been interpreted as evidence that people gathered at Pueblo Alto for special ceremonies. At the ceremonies, they ate festive meals and then discarded the pots in which the meals had been prepared or served. Such ceremonies have been documented for other Native American cultures.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72. 想和我一起看电影的人请举手。
上海市普陀区2018届高三英语二模试卷及答案
普陀区2017 学年度第二学期期终教学质量监控测试高三英语试卷2018.04考生注意：1. 考试时间120 分钟，试卷满分140 分。
2. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答題必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答題前，务必在答題纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码貼在指定位置上，在答題纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
第 I 卷(共100 分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection A 10%Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between tow speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. Af t er you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the f o ur possible answers on your paper,and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Cold. B. Sunny. C. Rainy. D. Cloudy.2.A. 110 minutes. B. 120 minutes. C. 130 minutes. D. 140 minutes.3. A. Shop assistant and customer. B. Boss and assistant.C. Professor and student.D. Husband and w i fe.4. A.In a meeting room. B.In a reference room.C. At a booking office.D. At a police stat i on.5. A. A movie. B. A lecture. C. A play. D. A speech.6. A.The w o man shouldn't be so upset. B. He's an hour late for the interview.C. The w o man should be patient.D. He's too nervous to calm dow n.7. A. The man is intelligent enough. B. The man does not w o rk hard enough.C. The man should get some sleep.D. The man is hard-w o rking.8. A. He doesn't enjoy business trips as much as he used to.B. He w ants to spend more time w ith his family.C.He doesn't think he is capable of doing the job.D. He thinks the pay is too Iow to support his family.9. A. The w o man doesn't have money for her son's graduate studies.B. The w o man doesn't think her son w i ll get a business degree.C. The w o man insists that her son should major in science.D. The w o man advises her son to think tw i ce before making his decision.10. A.It ran into another car. B. It fell into a river and sank.C.It broke dow n on road.D. It Ieft the road and landed in a field.Section B 15%Directions: In Section B,you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages an d the conversation will be read twice,but the questions will be spoken only once.When you hear aquestion,read the f o ur possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following recording.11.A. Noise. B.Smoking. C. Litter. D. Drinking.12. A. A tour guide. B.A conductor. C. A teacher. D. A law y er.13. A. To prepare people for international travel.B. TQ make the laws of different kinds.C. To inform people of the punishment for breaking law s.D. To give advice to travelers to the country.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following recording.14. A. Conference w i th the course tutor. B. Active attendance and commitment.C. Punctuality and politen e ss.D. Debate and essay preparation.15. A. Inform the teacher in advance. B. Just do not choose the course.C. Drop out of the course.D. Make it up later16. A. One that is written by hand. B. One that is original.C. One that is revised by the tutor.D. One that keeps to the instructions.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. His knees and fingers ache. B. He doesn't feel like eat i ng.C. He.can't sleep very w e ll.D. His blood pressure is high.18. A. She asks him to have injections and a treatment w i th rays.B. She asks him to have an operation and a treatment w i th rays.C. She asks him to have a good rest and a treatment w i th rays.D. She asks him to have some herbal medicine and a treatment w i th rays.19.A.Every day for seven w e eks. B.Three times a w e ek for seven w e eks.C. Three times a w e ek for three w e eks.D. Tw e nty times for tw o w e eks.20. A. Use hot w a ter pads. B. Sit by the stove.C. Drink cold w a ter.D. Take cold baths.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: Af ter reading the passage below, f ill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, f ill in each blank with the proper f orm of the given word; f o r the other blanks, use one word that best f i ts each blank.Jim ThompsonJim Thompson’s life story is one of success, achievement, and finally mystery because no oneknow s how it ended.Thompson w as born in Delaw are (2l)the east coast of the United States in1906. Afterfin ishing h igh school, Thompson w ent to Princeton Univ ersity and later studied architecture at theUnivers ity of Pennsylvania. After graduation, Jim Thompson w orked as an architect in New Y orkCity until 1940. Not long after this, he volunteered (22) _(serve) in the U.S. Army. During World War II, Thompson gathered intellig ence for the army in Thailand, It w as this first taste of life in the Far East (23)changed Thompson's life. He saw opportunities to develop tourism there,becoming (24)(involve) in an amb i tious scheme to restore the Oriental Hotel.While the hotel plan fell through, by that time Thompson had hit upon another schemethatw o uld eventually make him a million a ire. While traveling around Thailand, he came across (25)he considered exquisite(精美的)samples ofhandw o ven Thai silk, a product that (26)(become) rare. He persuaded the w e avers to w o rk w i th him and marketed the silk in New York, (27)it became very popular. As a consequence, the Thai silk industry w a s revived(复兴)and thebusiness made Thompson and some of the w e avers very w e althy.With his success in the silk business, Jim Thompson continued his orig inal interest in architecture on the side. He found six tradition al Thai houses and had (28) brought to Bangkok and reassembled there as one magnificent house. Today, not only is it a beaut iful house inside and out, (29) it is also filled w i th the w o rks of art Thompson collected.In 1967 during a holiday in Malaysia, he w ent for a w alk in the Jungle and disappeared forever. To this day, no clues (30)(find) as to w hat happened to this w ealthy Amer ican businessman w h o is credited w i th single-handed l y reviv i ng the Thai silk industry.Section BDirections: Complete the f o llowing passage by using the wo r d s in the box. Each word can onlybe used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. ConcernB.dramaticC. equivalentD. frequentlyE.impactF.imposedG. representative H. observed I.residents J. signif i cantly K. strategiesMentally and Intellectually HarmfulLast month, the Indian Med ical Association declared a public health emergency in New Delh iof high levels of air pollution. Schools w ere shut and emergency traffic restrictions put in place.New Delhi is far from alone. Our research into the31of air pollut i on in Chin a shows that, in addit i on to the more obvious physical price, air pollution can also have serious negative effectson mental health and cognition(认知),32reducing a person's happiness and their scores in verbal and mathematical tests.Such harmful mental effects have serious negative consequences for livelihoods and humancapital development, suggesting that development 33 should go beyond the tradition al focus ofboosting GDP in the develop i ng w o rld.India’s recent pollut i on emergency is the most 34 incidence （发生率）of dangerous air pollut i on, but smoggy skies have been a cause of grow i ng 35 in most developing countries.Major cities across the developing w orld — from Thailand, to Brazil, to Nigeria —36 experience pollut i on at several times the WHO safe lim i ts. In fact, 98% of cities w i th more than 100,000 37 in low and middle- income countries fail to meet the WHO’s air quality guidelines.India’s extreme levels of air pollut ion are w ell recognized, and examin ing the effects provides clear w a rnings for other countries seeking fast grow t h through rapid industrializat i on.We used nationally38 longitud i na（l纵向）surveys on mental health and cognition, matched w ith daily air quality data for the time and place of interview s, to see w hat pollut ion does in a given time to indiv idual happiness and cognitive performance. Because each person in our survey w as 39 multip le times, w e can control for the effect of indiv idual characteristics on the outcome variables.We found that w o rsening air quality led to a decrease in happiness that day40 to about 10percent of the reduced happiness one w ould experience from a negative major life event such as divorce.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the f ollowing passage there are f our words or phrases marked A,B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best f i ts the context.Glo b alization: Good or Bad?Globalizat ion is defined in many w ays. One simple 41 is that it is the rapid increase in internat ional free trade, investment, and technological exchange. It is argued that this internat ional trade has been one of the main causes of w orld economic 42 over the past half century.Although there is litt le doubt that the global economy has developed enormously in the last 50 years, some people believe that this trend has only benefited certain countries, and that others havesuffered as a result.Improved income?An argument43globalization is that the benefits of increased international trade areshared among everyone in the country. An example of this is China, w here per capita income( 人均收入)rose from about $1400 in 1980 to over $4000 by 2000. 44_, per capita income rosy byover 100% in India betw een 1980 and 1996. It w ould appear that countries w hich open their doorsto w o rld trade tend to become45 .How ever, these sorts of 46 might not be giving a true picture. They are "average", anddespite the fact that there has been a substantial increase in income for a small minor ity of people,the vast major i ty have only seen a47 improvement.More imports, more exportsSupporters of free trade point out that there is another direct benefit to be gained from anincrease in internat ional trade: exports 48 imports. Take coffee as an example. Countries w hichproduce and export coffee import the packaging for it : a(n) 49 trade w hich enables commerceto develop in tw o countries at the same time.50 maintain that, in general, it is poorer countries that produce and export food such ascoffee, and richer countries that produce and export manufactured goods such as packagingmaterials. Furthermore, it is the richer countries that control the price of goods and, 51 , farmersmay be forced to sell their produce at a low price and to buy manufactured goads at a high price.52 developmentFinally,globalization often 53 a country to concentrate on industries w hich arealready successful. Thesecountriesdevelop expertise(专门技能) and increasetheir share in the international market. On the other hand, those countries w hich_54 to support all their industriesusually do not develop expert ise in anyone. Consequently, thesecountries do not finda w orldmarket for their foods and do not increase their gross domestic product (GDP).Ant i-glob alists claim that there is a serious problem in this argument for the_ 55 of industry.Countries w hich onlyconcentrate onone or two main industries are forced to import other goods. Theseimported goods are frequentlyoverpriced, and these countries, therefore, have a tendency toaccumulate huge debts.41. A. ind i cation42. A. systems43. A. in favor of B. princip l eB. solutionB. on account ofC. definit i onC. crisesC. w i th regard ofD. factorD. grow t hD. in honor of44. A. Fortunately B. Sim i larly C. Undoubtedly D. Unusually45. A. freer B. greater C. stronger D. w e althier46. A. figures B. descriptions C. countries D. benefits47. A. severe B. slight C. further D. general48. A. overtake49. A. tw o-w a y B. qualifyB. all- inclusiv eC. fightC. officialD. requireD. legal50. A. Supporters B. Advocates C. Critics D. Authorit i es51. A. otherw i se B. nevertheless C. therefore D. besides52. A. Global B. Industrial C. National D. Economical53. A. encourages54. A. stop B. restrictsB. continueC. forbidsC. failD. forcesD. refuse55. A. globalizat i on B. transformation C. specialization D. identif i cationSection B 22% .Directions: Read the f ollowing three passages. Each passage is f ollowed by several questions or unf inished statements.For each of them there are f our choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that f i ts best according to the inf o rmation given in the passage you havejust read.(A)The Harlem RenaissanceThe w o rd "renaissance" means "rebirth." The Harlem Renaissance took place during the 1920s.It w as a time w hen the African American artistic community grew and flour ished, producing a ton of w ork in a short period of time. The w ork celebrated African American culture and spoke to their experiences as minorities ---both the good parts and the bad parts.After the Civ il War, many African Americans left the South to escape unfair treatment and Iaws that discriminated against them. Betw een 1910 and 1920, massive numbers of black Southerners moved from the rural south into the urban North. and West in th e Great Migrat ion. The African American popu lat ion of Chicago more than doub led during th at time! And in New Y ork, African Americans flocked to uptow n Manhattan, settling in a neighborhood called Har lem. Forming a community w ithin the big city let African Amer icans keep their cultural ident ity in a w hite-dominated society. It w as a good thing, and a lot of important cultural issues w ere brought to light during the Harlem Renaissance. One of the most important figures of the time w as the African Amer ican w riter, W.E.B. Du Bois. In his book, The Souls of BlackFolk, in 1903, Du Bois w rote that African-Americans_suffered from something_called“doub le consciousness”. They had their ow n self-image w hile they saw themselves through the eyes or w hite Amer icans. And performers likeJosephine Baker and Paul Rob eson brought African Amer ican culture to all New Y orkers. The Renaissance w a s so influential that "Har l em " grew into something of a brand name, African Americans w ere pushing boundaries across all aspects of s ociety. Black business began to flourish, creating a grow ing middle class, like Madame CJ. Walker w ho turned her cosmetics line into a million do llar empire. All together, the artists, and thinkers of this period j helped mob i lize the larger black population. Y oung African- Americans took advantage ofimproved access to higher education. This opened up new career paths and opportunities to attain advanced degrees. Perhaps most importantly, people - black and w hite - began the push for racial integrat i on, planting the seeds of w h at w o uld eventually become the civil rights movement of the 1960s.56. Why did many African Amer i cans leave the South after the Civil War?A. To escape slavery.B. To find jobs in agriculture.C. To avoid racial discrimin a tion.D. To gain citizenship.57. How did W.E.B. Du Bo i s contribute to the Harlem Renaissance?A. He led to movement to return to Africa.B. He composed.folk music.based on African American theme.C. He w r ote plays about the African-American experience.D. He w r ote about the struggleforAfrican-Amcrican identity.58. What can you infer about the economic status ofAfrican American prior to the Harlem Renaissance?A. Nearly all w e re unemployed at that time.B. The vast majority w e re considered low e r class.C.Most w e re regarded.as.middle class. ~D. A large percentage w e re recognized as w e althy,59.What factor allow e d many more African Americans to pursue careers in fields like medicine and law ?A. Spread of black businesses.B. Access to higher education.C.Shift from agriculture toindustry.D. Push for unity among all Afr i cans.(B)We offer three different tours of this iconic build i ngs.The Essential T our brings to life the story behind the design and constructionof one of the w orld's most ing interactive audio-v isual technology, your guide w ill take you on a memorable journey ins ide the youngest budding ever to be WorldHer i tage listed.Afterw a rds, w h y not stay around and eat at the Studio Cafe, w i th its modern Australian menu? Y ou can both enjoythe best views in Sydney and claim a 20% reduction on the total cost of yourmeal. (Don't forget to show your ticket in order to claim your discount.)Language: English, French, GermanT ak e s place: Daily betw e en 9am and 5pmPrices: Adult $35/Online $29.75Concessions: Australiansen i ors and pensioners; students and children of 16 and under $24.50 Prior bookings are not essential.The Backstage T our gives you backstage access to the Sydney Opera House.It is a unique opportunity to experience the real- life dramas behind the stage! Y ou might ev e n get to stand onthe concert hall stage, take up a conductor's baton in the orchestra pit and imagin e you are leading the performance. Y ou w i ll also get to see inside the stars' dressing rooms.The tour concludes w ith a compliment ary breakfast in the Green Room, The private din i ng area of performers past and present.T ak e s place: Dally a t 7amPrices: $155. No concessions.T o purchase: Bookings are essentiaL.Lim i ted to 8 peopIe per tourOnline sales expire at 4:30 pm tw o days prior.Notes: The tour includes up to 300 steps. FIat, rubber-soled shoes must be w orn, For safety reasons, children of 12 years old and under are not permitted.Opera High T ea consists of a tour w here you w ill w alk in the footsteps of w orld-class singers, dancers and musicians, follow ed by finefood and music in the spectacular surroundings of the Bennelong D in ing Room. What could be better than a treat of delicious light snacks and soft drinks follow e d by a live recital by a leading A ustralian singer!An unforgettable treat for young and old!T akes place: Every second Wed., 2pm .Duration:1.5 hoursPrices: $145 per person ,Book online or visit the Guided Tours Desk60.A traveler w i ll en j oy a performance if he choose .A.the Essential TourB.the Backstage TourC. Opera High TeaD.any of the tours61.Joiningthe Backstage Tour, a traveler .A.is allow e d to w e ar sneakers ' w h en standing on the stage. .B. w i ll have an opportunity to be the conductor ofthe orchestra.C. can take his big family of 8 members to free breakfast.D. can buy the discount ticket the day before the tour.62. If a couple w ho travelled w ith their 17-year-old son joined the Essential Tour and had a meal of$150 there. w h at w o uld the low e st cost be if paid in cash?A.$203.25.B.$214.5.C.$225.D.$239.25.(C)A sensational new scientific discovery in the ocean near Australia may explain the most massive extinction of liv ing th ings in Earth's history. For years, scholars have been frustrated in trying to analyze w hy 90 to 95 percent of sea life and 75 per cent of land life van ished about 250 million years ago. The extinctions w ere so enormous that they are called The Great Dying. To date ,some authorities on ancient life thought that a volcanic eruption or a sudden change in the environment affected all life on Earth. Other specialists have doubted these theories, maintaining that it w as not plausible that a solo volcano could bring about such chaos. From the outset, critics believed these claims w e re exaggeratedBy contrast, there is w i de acceptance of the idea that a meteor (流星) w h ich hit Mexico's Y ucatan peninsula 65million yearsago w a s the primary cause of the dinosaurs'extinction.Nevertheless, until now they had no evidence of an intense meteor impact 185 million years earlier.Now they do.American geolog i sts have been examining rock samples from a deep sea crater （火山口）nearthe northw est coast of Australia. The samples w ere init ially collected and preserved by petroleum technicians seeking o il. Now the geologists and their colleagu es believe that the precise splits in therocks' structure show a typical pattern for meteors. There is a clear distinction from volcanicpatterns. In fact, a spokesperson w ent so far as to say that these rocks completely rev ise the w ay scientists perceive the mass extinctions from the ancient era. Academics say that the meteor's crater is the size of Mount Qomolangma, the highest mountain on Earth! Literally, the meteor made a mark on Earth as it drow ned in the sea. The Earth could not absorb such a harsh blow w ithout sustaining glob al devastation. Things must have come to a standstill. Evid ently, the blow w a s fatal for many forms of life.Bear in mind that all this w as long before mammals ---including humans-emerged in Earth's history. Still, w e w ould be w ise to pay attention to the damage a meteor can cause. Fortunately,meteor strikes on Earth are few and far betw e en.63.The w o rd "plausib l e" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to .A.availab l eB.incredib l eC.reasonableD.ridiculous64. Why didn't the meteor affect human being?A. Because they w e re very resistant.B, Because there w e ren't any then. .C. Because they lived in isolated areas.D. Because they hid themselves in the caves.65. Which of the follow i ng is TRUE according to the passage?A. Scholars agreed that a single vo l cano caused The Great Dying.B. 75 percent of land life continued 250 million years agoC, V olcan i c rocks and meteors have different patterns.D. When the meteor hit land, Mount Qomolangma sprang up. .66. What is the best title for the passage? .A. The Dinosaurs' End.B. Crater on Qomolangma.C. Contradictory Claims.D.A Meteor'slmpact .SectionC 8%Directions: Read the passage caref ully. Fill in each blank with a proper senten ce given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two moresentences than you need.A. In daily life, imitat i on can hurt us if w e subconsciously hold poor role models.B. Creative people have an endless resource of ideas.C. Itis how to use imaginat i on creatively that troubles us.D. Why follow someone else's w a y of cooking w h en I could create my ow n?E. But if you begin to enter this field,im i tat i on proves useful. -F. If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character orunacceptablebehaviors.Blind imitat ion is self-destruction. To those w ho do not recognize their unique w orth, im i tat i on appears attractive; to those w h o know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.In the early stages of skill or character development, imitat ion is he lpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. 67 .Imitating role models is like using train ing w heels on a child's bicycle; they help you get going,but once you find your ow n balance, you fly faster and farther w i thout relying on them.68 .If, as a child, you observed people w h ose lives w e re bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow w hat they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you w i ll get the results of the w e ak choices of others.In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebr ities. Those stars took great on screen. But w h en they step off screen, their personallives may be disastrous. 69 .Blessed is the person w i lling to act on their sudden desire to create something unique, Think ofthe movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations w ere motivated by inspirat ion, not desper ation.The w orld is changed not by those w ho do w hat has been done before them,but by those w ho do w hat has been done inside them. 70 . The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is w hat to do w i th the material knocking at the door ofimaginat i on.Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind w hat does not serveyou. Then you can say, "I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors' tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering me on."IV. Summary Writing 10%Directions: Read the f o llowing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own wo r dsas f a r aspossibleBetter Memory Causes BoredomA new study show s that the better your short-term memory, the faster you feel fed up and decideyou’vehad enough.the findings appear in the Journal ofConsumer research.Noelle Nelson, assistant professor of marketing and consumer behavior at the University of Kansas School of Business. She and her colleague Joseph Redden at the University of Minnesota tried to think outside the lunch box. "Something that w as interesting to me is that some people get tired of thingsatvery-different rates. When you think about pop songs on the radio, some people must still be enjoy ing them and requesting them even after hearing them a lot. But a lot of other people are really sick of those same songs." The difference, the researchers supposed, might have to do w i th memories ofpast consumption.The researchers testedthe memory capacity of undergraduates. The students then view ed a repeating series of three classic paintings...like The Starry Night, American Gothic, and The Scream...or listened and re-listened to a series of three pop songs...or three pieces of classicalmusic. Throughout the test, the participants w e re asked to rate their experience on a scale of zero to ten. And the better a participant scored in the memory test, the faster they got bored."We found that people w ith larger capacities remembered more about the music or art, w hich led to them getting tired of the music or art more quickly.So remembering more details actually made the participants feel like they'd experienced the music or art more often." The findings suggest that marketers could cope w ith our desire for their products by figuring out w ays to distract us and keep us from fully remembering our experiences. We could also trick ourselves into eating less junk food by recalling the experience of a previous snack. As for kids easily bored, just tell them to forget about it-it mjght help them_have more fun.V. T ranslation 15%Directions: Translate the f o llowing sentences into English. using the words given in the brackets.72.比起节食,我宁愿多做运动来减肥。
【高三英语试题精选】2018上海市普陀区高三英语下学期质量调研(二模)试卷(附答案)
2018上海市普陀区高三英语下学期质量调研（二模）试卷（附答案）普陀区ine countries fail to meet the WHO’s air quality guidelinesIndia’s extreme levels of air pollution are well recognized, and examining the effects provides clear warnings for other countries seeking fast growth through rapid industrialization We used nationally __38__ longitudinal (纵向) surveys on mental health and cognition, matched with daily air quality data for the time and place of interviews, to see what pollution does in a given time to individual happiness and cognitive performance Because each person in our survey was __39__ multiple times, we can control for the effect of individual characteristics on the oute variablesWe found that worsening air quality led to a decrease in happiness that day __40__ to about 10 percent of the reduced happiness one would experience from a negative major life event such as divorceIII Reading prehensionSection A 15%Directions For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context Globalization Good or Bad?Globalization is defined in many ways One simple __41__ is that it is the rapid increase in international free trade, investment, and technological exchange It is argued that this international trade has been one of the main causes of world。
2017-2018-曹杨二中-高三上10月英语考试
2017学年第一学期曹二第一次月度英语教学检测II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A friend of mine, in response to a conversation we were having about the injustices of life ,asked me the question,“Who said life was going to be fair, or that it was even meant to be fair?”Her question was a good one, which reminded me of something I (21)______(teach) as a youngster :life isn’t fair. It’s a disappointment, but it’s absolutely true .One of the mistakes many of us make is that we feel sorry for ourselves, or for others ,(22)______(think) that life should be fair, or that someday it will be .It’s not and it won’t.One of the nice things about surrendering (屈从)to the fact that life isn’t fair is (23)______ it keeps us from feeling sorry for ourselves by encouraging us to do (24)______ we can with what we have . Surrendering to this fact also keeps (25)_____ from feeling sorry for others because we are reminded that everyone is dealt a different hand ; everyone has unique strengths and problems in the process of growing up, facing the reality and making decisions; and everyone has those times (26)______ they feel unfairly treated.The fact that life isn’t fair doesn’t mean we shouldn’t do everything (27)______ our power to improve our own lives or the world as a whole. On the contrary , it suggests that we should .When we don’t recognize or admit that life isn’t fair ,we tend to feel pity for others and for ourselves .Pity ,of course ,is a self-defeating emotion that does nothing except (28)______(make) everyone feel worse. When we do recognize that life isn’t fair, however ,we feel sympathy for others and for ourselves. And sympathy is a heartfelt emotion that (29)______(deliver) loving-kindness to everyone it touches .The next time you find yourself (30)______(absorb) in the injustices of the world, try reminding yourself of this very basic fact .You may be surprised that it can make you out of self-pity and into helpful action.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be use only once. NoteT wenty years ago there was a debate about whether there were specific “Asian values.” Most attention ___31__ on the doubtful claims that democracy was not among them. But a more interesting, if less noticed, argument was that traditional family values were strong in Asia than in America and Europe, and that this _32____ accounted for Asia’s economic success. In the words of Lee Kuan Yew, former prime minister of Singapore and a keen _33____ of Asia values, the Chinese family encouraged “scholarship and hard work and thrift and deferment (推迟) of present enjoyment for future gain. ”On the face of it his claim still appears __34_____. In most of Asia, marriage is widespread and illegitimacy(私生) almost unknown. In contrast, half of marriages in some western countries end in divorce, and half of all children are born outside wedlock. The recent riots across Britain, whose origin many believe lies in a __35__ of either parental guidance or filial(子女的) respect, seem to underline a profound difference between East and West.Yet marriage is changing fast in East, South-east and South Asia, even though each region has different traditions. The changes are 36______ from those that took place in the West in the second half of the 20th century. Divorce, though _37___ in so me countries, remains ___38___ rare. What’s happening in Asia is a flight from marriage.Marriage rates are falling partly because people are _39____ getting marr. Marriage ages have risen all over the world, but the increase is particularly__40___ in Asia. People there now marry even later than they do in the west.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.The term "cyberspace" was coined by William Gibson ,a science fiction writer in his 1982,and expanded on it a couple of years later in a novel Neuromancer. His _41_____ creation turned out to be remarkably prescient(有先见之明). Cyberspace has become shorthand for the computing devices, networks, fiber-optic cables, and wireless links that bring the internet to billions of people around the world. The _42____ made by these technologies have brought tremendous benefits to everyone who uses the web to _43____ humanity’s collective store of knowledge every day.But there is a darker side to this extraordinary invention. Data _44____ are becoming ever bigger and more common. Last year over 800m records were lost, mainly through attacks. Among the most prominent recent _45____ has been Target, whose executive stood down from his job in May, a few months after the giant retailer _46____ that online intruders had stolen millions of digital records about its customers, including credit- and debit-cards details.The potential damage, though, extends well beyond such _47____ intrusion. Wider _48____ have been raised by the realization of a growing numbers of cyber-warriors being recruited by countries that see cyberspace as a new territory of warfare. Am erica’s president, Barack Obama, said in a White House press release that cyber-threats “_49_____ one of the gravest national-security dangers” the country is facing.Securing cyberspace is hard because the architecture of the internet was designed to promote connectivity, not _50___. Its founders focused on getting it to work and did not__51____ threats because the network was attached to America’s military. As hackers__52____, layers of security, from antivirus programs to firewalls, were added to try to keep them at bay. Gartner, a research firm, admits that last year organizations around the globe spent 67 billion in information security._53______, these defenses have worked reasonably well. Despite the talk about the risk of a‘cyber 9/11’, the internet has proved remarkably _54_____. Hundreds of millions of people turn on their computers every day and bank online, shop at_55____ stores, share gossip and photos with their friends on social networks and send all kinds of sensitive data over the web without ill effect. Companies and governments are shifting ever more services online.41. A. technical B. literary C. deliberate D. noble42. A. senses B. restrictions C. connections D. differences43. A. break through B. keep back C. stand for D. tap into44. A. collections B. mistakes C. leaks D. sources45. A. hackers B. agencies C. critics D. victims46. A. assessed B. insisted C. revealed D. concluded47. A. social B. cultural C. civil D. commercial48. A. gaps B. contacts C. effects D. concerns49. A. pose B. solve C. maintain D. reduce50. A. availability B. security C. temptation D. preservation51. A. worry about B. specialize in C. keep away D. put off52. A. broke down B. turned up C. fell apart D. shut down53. A. Of course B. In another word C. On the whole D. Above all54. A. calm and stable B. fun and fashionable C. profitable and productive D. wild and well-received55. A. luxurious B. favorite C. virtual D. convenienceSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)E-learning-An Alternative Learning OpportunityDay school ProgramSecondary students across Toronto District School Board(TDSB) are invited to take one or two e-Learning courses on their day school timetable. Students will remain on the roll at their day school.The on-line classroom provides an innovative relevant and interactive Learning environment. The courses and on-line classroom are provided by the Ministry of EducationThese on-line courses✧are taught by TDSB secondary school teachers✧are p art of the TDSB Student’s time table; and✧appear on the Student’s report upon completionBenefits of e-LearningInclude:✧Access to courses that may not be available at his or her TDSB school✧Using technology to provide students with current information: and.✧assistance to solve timetable conflictsIs e-Learning for You?Students who are successful in on-line course are usually;✧able to plan, organize time and complete assignments and activities;✧capable of working independently in a responsible and honest manner; and ,✧able to regularly use a computer or mobile device with internet accessStudents need to spend at least as much time with their on-line course work as they would in a face-to-face classroom course.56. E-Learning courses are different from other TDSB courses in that________.A. they are given by best TDSB teachers.B. they are not on the day school timetable.C. they are not included on students’ reports.D. they are an addition to TDSB courses.57. What do students need to do before completing e-learning courses?A. To learn information technology on-line.B. To do their assignments independently.C. To update their mobile devices regularly.D. To talk face to face with their teachers.58. What can be inferred about the online courses from the advertisement?A. The on-line course is free of chargeB. Student will use electronic devices in the on-line courseC. Little communication with teachers is needed in the on-line courseD. When timetable conflicts, priority should be given to the on-line course.(B)It's an annual argument. Do we or do we not go on holiday? My wife says no because we have no savings to save us. I say you only live once and we work hard and what's the point if you can't go on holiday. The joy of a recession means no argument next year - we just won't go.Since money is known to be one of the things most likely to bring a relationship to its knees, we should be grateful. For many families the recession means more than not booking a holiday A YouGov survey of 2, 000 people found 22% said they were arguing more with their partners because of concerns about money. A recent research shows arguments about money were especially damaging to couples.Kim Stephenson, an occupational psychologist, believes money may be different things to men and women. “People can say the same things about money but have different ideas of what it's for.” he explains. “They'll say it's to save, to spend, for security, for freedom, to show someone you love them.” He says men are more likely to see money as a way of buying status and of showing their parents that they've achieved something.“The biggest problem is that couples assume each other know what's going on with their finances, but they don't. There seems to be more of a taboo (禁忌) about talking about money than about death. But you both need to know what you're doing, who's paying what into the joint account and how much you keep separately. In a healthy relationship, you don't have to agree about money, but you have to talk about it.”59. What does the author say about vacationing?A. People enjoy it all the more during a recession.B. It is the chief cause of family disputes.C. It makes all the hard work worthwhile.D. Few people can afford it without working hard.60. What does the aut hor mean by saying ‘money is known … to bring a relationship to its knees’(Lines 1-2, Para. 2)?A. Money is considered to be the root of all evils.B. Few people can resist the temptation of money.C. Some people sacrifice their dignity for money.D. Disputes over money may ruin a relationship.61. The YouGov poll of 2,000 people indicates that in a recession ______.A. conflicts between couples tend to rise.B. couples show more concern for each other.C. it is more expensive for couples to split up.D. divorce and separation rates increase.62. The author suggests at the end of the passage that couples should _______.A. put their money together instead of keeping it separatelyB. make efforts to reach agreement on their family budgetsC. discuss money matters to maintain a healthy relationshipD. avoid arguing about money matters to remain romantic(C)Attachment Parenting is not indulgent Parenting. Attachment parents do not "spoil" their children. Spoiling is done when a child is given everything that they want regardless of what they need and regardless of what is practical. Indulgent parents give toys for tantrums (发脾气), ice cream for breakfast. Attachment parents don't give their children everything that they want, they give their children everything that they need. Attachment parents believe that love and comfort are free and necessary. Not sweets or toys.Attachment Parenting is not "afraid of tears" parenting. Our kids cry. The difference is that we understand that tantrums and tears come from emotions and not manipulation. And our children understand this too. They cry and have tantrums sometimes, of course. But they do this because their emotions are so overwhelming that they need to get it out. They do not expect to be "rewarded" for their strong negative emotions; they simply expect that we will listen. We pick up our babies when they cry, and we respond to the tears of our older children because we believe firmly that comfort is free, love is free, and that when a child has need for comfort and love, it is our job to provide those things. We are not afraid of tears. We don't avoid them. We hold our children through them and teach them that when they are hurt or frustrated we are here to comfort them and help them work through their emotions.Attachment Parenting is not Clingy Parenting. I do not cling to my children. In fact, I'm pretty free-range. As soon as they can move they usually move away from me and let me set up a chase as they crawl, run, skip and hop on their merry way to explore the world. Sure, I carry them and hug them and chase them and kiss them and rock them and sleep with them. But this is not for me following them everywhere and pulling them back to me. This is me being a home base. The "attachment" comes from their being allowed to attach to us, not from us attaching to them like parental leeches.Attachment Parenting is not Selfish Parenting. It is also not selfless parenting. We are not doing it for us, and we are not doing it to torment ourselves.Attachment Parenting is not Helicopter Parenting. I don't hover. I supervise. I follow, I teach, I demonstrate, I explain. I don't slap curious hands away. I show how to do thing safely. I let my child do the things that my child wished to do, first with help and then with supervision and finally with trust. I don't insist that my 23 month old hold my hand when we walk in the sidewalk because I know that I can recall him with my voice because he trusts me to allow him to explore and he trusts me to explain when something is dangerous and to help him satisfy his curiosities safely.Most of the negative things that I hear about "attachment parents" are completely off-base and describe something that is entirely unlike Attachment Parenting. Attachment Parenting is child-centric and focuses on the needs of the child. Children need structure, rules, and boundaries. Attachment Parents simply believe that the child and the parent are allies, not adversaries. And that children are taught, not trained.63. According to the author, what should parents do when their kids cry?A. Providing comfort and love.B. Trying to stop kids crying.C. Holding them till they stop.D. Rewarding kids with toys.64.What does’ free-range’ mean according to the passage?A. Fond of providing a home base.B. Ready to play games with my kids.C. Curious to watch what games they play.D. Willing to give kids freedom of movement.65. Which of the following is NOT attachment parenting?A. Fostering their curiosity.B. Standing by and protecting.C. Showing them how things are done.D. Helping them do the right thing.66. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. How to foster love in children.B. How to build child confidence.C. Different types of parenting.D. Parent-child relationships.Section CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.Long car journeys are even less pleasantB.During the day, sleep comes in snatchesC.But nothing can match them for speed and comfortD.you will arrive at your destination fresh and uncrumpledE.you will be utterly exhausted before you are halfway through your journeyF.Also, you are invariably faced with numerous opinions different airlines offer for similar flightsPeople travelling long distances frequently have to decide whether they would prefer to go by land, sea, or air. Hardly anyone can positively enjoy sitting in a train for more than a few hours. Train compartments soon get cramped and stuffy. It is almost impossible to take your mind off the journey. Reading is only a partial solution, for the monotonous rhythm of the wheels clicking on the rails soon lures you to sleep._ 67____ At night, when you really wish to go to sleep, you rarely manage to do so. If you are lucky enough to get a sleeper, you spend half the night staring at the small blue light in the ceiling, or fumbling to find you ticket for inspection. Inevitably you arrive at your destination almost exhausted. 68________, for it is quite impossible even to read. On motorways you can, at least, travel fairly safely at high speeds, but more often than not, the greater part of the journey is spent on roads with few service stations and too much traffic. By comparison, ferry trips or cruises offer a great variety of civilized comforts. You can stretch your legs on the spacious decks, play games, meet interesting people and enjoy good food -- always assuming, of course, that the sea is calm. If it is not, and you are likely to get seasick, no form of transport could be worse. Even if you travel in ideal weather,sea journeys take a long time. Relatively few people are prepared to sacrifice holiday time for the pleasure of travelling by sea.Aeroplanes have the reputation of being dangerous and even hardened travellers are intimidated by them. They also have the disadvantage of being an expensive form of transport. 69_______. Travelling at a height of 30,000 feet, far above the clouds, and at over 500 miles an hour is an exhilarating experience. You do not have to devise ways of taking your mind off the journey, for an aeroplane gets you to your destination rapidly. For a few hours, you settle back in a deep armchair to enjoy the flight. The real escapist can watch a film and sip champagne on some services. But even when such refinements are not available, there is plenty to keep you occup. An aero plane offers you an unusual and breathtaking view of the world. You soar effortlessly over high mountains and deep valleys. You really see the shape of the land. If the landscape is hidden from view, you can enjoy the extraordinary sight of unbroken cloud plains that stretch out for miles before you, while the sun shines brilliantly in a clear sky. The journey is so smooth that there is nothing to prevent you from reading or sleeping. However you decide to spend your time, one thing is certain:70_____. You will not have to spend the next few days recovering from a long and arduous journey.IV. Summary WritingDirections: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.ICTS Benefits People in Impoverished AreasIn what concrete ways can information and communication technology (ICTs) benefit the two-thirds of humanity who are more concerned about their next meal than about e-mail or eBay?First, there are economic advantages of these technologies. Besides providing business with the opportunity to access real-time market information and complete business transactions economically, ICTs can reduce costs and provide a channel to market goods and services. One small company from Tanzania replaced $ 20 faxes with 10 cent e-mails and saw its telecommunications bill go from over $ 500 per month to $45 per month. In the business-to- section you will find examples like EthioGift .com which sells gifts, including sheep and al, cover the Internet.Health services also benefit from ICTs. Using the Internet ,doctors in poor can keep up to speed with the latest developments in their field as well as seek help from their peers. This technology can also facilitate the control of diseases. Throughout Africa for instance, individual cases of meningitis(脑膜炎) are tracked over the Internet so that epidemics can be stopped early.ICTs can make it easier to reach a broad section of population in education too. The African virtual university is a distance learning project which is partly financed by the World Bank, and which serves the countries of sub-Saharan Africa. The virtual university uses satellites to broadcast televised courses to students who communicate with teachers by e-mail and telephone.Finally, we come to what has been called “e-government”. E-government initiatives focus on making government transparent and accountable by providing citizens with direct access to information. Critics might argue that when you’re being stalked by war ,hunger and disease , this may not be a priority. But government is about more than just the ability to pay your taxes online or apply for a driving license over the Internet . It is about giving citizens access to information which allows them to make informed decisions on subjects that affect their lives.V. TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.71. 要争分夺秒地复习功课，否则你会后悔的（against）72. 学校重建后，教师和学生有希望可以免费上网（expect）73. 他从未想到，如果不去管它，问题不会自己解决或神秘消失（Never…, occur）74. 我们坚信，只有那些有远大的志向，不满足于现状，勇敢面对挑战的人才有可能成功（likely）VI. Guided WritingDirections: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.右面图片展现了女儿为回家的妈妈拿包的情景。
【2017.11.21】2017-2018上海市上海中学届高三上学期周练英语试题(二)
上海中学高三周考II.Grammar (10’)Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent andgrammaticallycorrect.Fortheblankswithagivenword,fillineachblankwiththeproper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits eachblank.A great deal ofattention(1) (pay)todaytotheso-calleddigitaldivide--the divisionoftheworldintotheinfo(information)richandtheinfopooratpresent.Andthatdivide doesexisttoday.MywifeandIlecturedaboutthisloomingdangertwentyyearsago.Whatwas (2) (visible) then, however, were the new, positive forces that work againstthedigitaldivide. There are reasons to beoptimistic.Therearetechnologicalreasonstohopethedigitaldividewillnarrow.(3)theInternetbecomesmoreandmorec ommercialized,itisintheinterestofbusinesstouniversalize access-afterall,themorepeopleonline,themorepotentialcustomersthereare.Moreandmore governments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on theplanet(4) (net) together. Asa result, I now believe the digital divide willnarrow(5) widen in theyearsahead. And that is very good news because the Internet(6) well be the most powerfultoolfor combating world poverty that we've everhad.Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.(7) (take)advantageofthistool,someimpoverishedcountrieswillhavetogetover their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries(8)stillthinkforeigninvestmentisaninvasionoftheirsovereigntymight well study the history of infrastructure(the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United Statesbuilt(9) industrial infrastructure, itdidn'thave the capital to do so. And thatis(10) America's Second Wave infrastructure- including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreigninvestment.III.Vocabulary(10’)Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Do note that there is one word more than you need.I’ma50-somethingmale,thefatherof twomostlygrowngirls.I’mhappytosaythatboth my parents are still kicking. I’m on good 1 with my brothers and sisters most of the time. Iamblessedwithgoodfriendsandotherrelations,andtendtogetonwellwithmyco-workers. I am fortunate in so many ways, but feel like I consistently disappoint everyone Iknow.I cannot, for the life of me, give a genuine 2 . It simply doesn’t come naturally. When I try, and I do, in order to maintain all the relationships, it feels forced, more a matter of 3 than a gift that might put wind in the sails of someone I truly care for. I feel strongly that giving should spring from joy, or at least from a 4 desire to see the recipient enlivened by it. When I have nothing to offer in response to a job well done, everyone loses. I feel like I’ve twisted the emotional and social development of my children, alienated (疏远) any number of perfectly wonderful lovers, and generally kept the world at arm’s length.Afteryearsofpsychotherapyandtheobsessive (强迫症) self-examinationcommontomy generation, I believe I know where this meanness of spirit comes from. Six kids in total, at a very tender age, there were five younger, cuter kids standing between me and the object ofour 5 . Mama was driven to 6 , to put it mildly, by the demands placed on her, but it was the 1950s and she set a selfless and hardy example. I had complete 7 for her difficult situation, even at the time. The fact remains, however, that, as a young child, I needed more than I got. I 8 for my mother’s attention. I needed to know that she 9 me as more than her helper, her strong little man. I clearly recall, at the ripe old age of 7, coming to the conclusion that I would never get it. "That’s OK," I reckoned, "I can get by w ithout it". "it" being her love.Youcanimaginethesiblingrivalryinabigfamily.EventuallyItookhaveninthewrittenword to get away from it. But even before I learned to read, I had realized that giving any sign of approval or encouragement to my brothers and sisters could only 10 to increase the gulf between me and my mom. Does that make sense? I can rationalize otherwise, of course, and now we’re all "one big happy family", but the damage is done. I want to be gracious and giving, but when I even think to reach into that purse, however, it’s pretty muchempty.IV.Cloze(15’)Directions:ForeachblankinthefollowingpassagetherearefourwordsmarkedA,B,CandD.Fillineach blank with the word or phrase that best fits thecontext.A true story of retirement planning is that your future is riding on the quality of your assumptions. Humble 1 can be dangerous.Forexample,eightyearsintothisbullmarketexpectingstockstodeliveras-strongreturnsoverthenext decadeis an uncertain proposition many are nonetheless 2.Another potential3 assumption is that you will be able to keep working past 65. Yet the recently released 2017 Retirement Confidence Survey by the nonpartisan Employee Benefit Research Institute finds that more than half of workers say they expect to still be on the clock past age 65. By4, less than 15 percent of today’s retirees kept working that long.―If you plan on working longer as a way to get by in retirement, you are going to be in trouble,‖ says Craig Copeland, senior research associate at EBRI. ―It should be a complement to a solid savings and spending plan, not the 5.‖It’s simply too6 to assume you will indeed be able to work longer. A survey by the Transamerica CenterforRetirementStudiesfoundthatnearlytwo-thirdsofretireeslefttheworkforceearlierthanexpectedbecause they were laid off, reorganized out of a position, or due to general unhappiness with a job. Only 16 percentofretireeswho 7theworkforceearlierthantheyexpecteddidsobecausetheyfelttheycould8 afford to.9, a new report from Prudential puts a dollar value on why your current employer may not be inclined （倾向于）to do back flips to keep an older you happy and engaged. The estimated one-year costto a firm when an employee 10 retirement: $50,000.Prudential estimates that on a company-wide level, delayed retirement can11 overall workforce costsby 1 percent to 1.5 percent. That’s not nothing. And it goes a long way in explaining why employers maybe more inclined to focus on ―financial wellness‖ strategies to get workers ready to retire12 than programsto help workers delay retirement.Fewerthanone-thirdofemployeessurveyedbyTCRSreporttheiremployerhassomesortof―transition‖ program such as flexible work schedules, reduced hours or 13 to a differentrole.―Workers’ vision of retirement is changing faster than employers’ business14,‖ said Catherine Collinson, president of TCRS. That makes it ever more crucial for pre-retirees to take the steps today that will increase that 15 they can continue to work longer, if that’s part of the plan.1. A. pessimism B. optimism C. concern D. consideration2. A. relying on B. casting on C. accounting on D.falling on3. A. reliable B. possible C. flawed D. unlikely4. A. contrary B. compromise C. compliment D. contrast5. A. foundation B. basement C. founding D. construction6. A. ridiculous B. sensible C. risky D. logical7. A. extended B. exited C. existed D.remained8. A. economically B. mentally C. financially D.physically9. A. However B. Therefore C. Nevertheless D. Moreover10. A. delays B. expects C. gets D. decides11. A. decrease B. influence C. increase D.transform12. A. later B. sooner C. faster D. slower13. A. shifting B. altering C. ranging D. functioning14. A. deals B. practices C. customs D. operations15. A. abilities B. capabilities C. chances D.outputsV.Reading ComprehensionSectionADirections: Read the following four passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The Paris climate agreement finalized in December last year heralded(预示着…的到来) a new era for climate action. For the first time, the world’s nations agreed to keep global warming we ll below 2℃.This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more thanhalf of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate ―free-riders‖: causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while incurring(招致) few of the co sts such as climate change’s impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.On the flip side, there are many ― forced riders‖, who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world’s most climate- vulnerable countries, the majority of which are African or small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.The Paris agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing ―climate justice‖ can be best described as sketchy.The goal of keeping global temperature rise ―well below‖ 2 degree is commendable(值得称赞的) but the emissions- reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Paris talks are very unlikelyto deliver on this.More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or, importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds, and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilization(组织，动员) of the policies outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emissions reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.1.The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because.A)it is unfair to those climate-vulnerablenationsB)it aims to keep temperature rise belowonlyC)it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% ofcountriesD)it burdens developed countries with the soleresponsibility2.Why does the author compare the ―forced riders‖ to second-handsmokers?A)They have little responsibility for public healthproblems.B)They are easily affected by unhealthy environmentalconditions.C)They have to bear consequences they are not responsiblefor.D)They are unaware of the potential risks they arefacing.3.What does the author say about the $ 100 billionfunding?A)It will motivate all nations to reduce carbonemissions.B)There is no final agreement on where it will comefrom.C)There is no explanation of how the money will bespent.D)It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissionsworldwide.4.What urgent action must be taken to realize the Paris climateagreement?A)Encouraging developing nations to take theinitiative.B)Calling on all the nations concerned to make jointefforts.C)Pushing the current world leaders to reachagreement.D)Putting in effect the policies in the agreement atonce.(B)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born in digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from university of Washington argues that all software applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years, making data scientists – peopletrained to analyze large bodies of information –key workers in this emerging ―cognitive‖ technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection system, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that born digital – particularly internet companies that have a great number of real- time customer interactions to handle – are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for intense, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classed of problems,and it constantly fields requests from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The most important factor weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of launchinga serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend $150m a year on a single applicationand the total bill is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent. Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1,000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says MrGoldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expand their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.A third barrier to adapting to the coming era of ―smart‖ applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need.Despitetheobstacles,somemaymasterthisdifficulttransition.Butcompaniesthatwerebuilt,fromthe beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent seriouscompetition.1.What cannot be inferred from the passage about the machinelearning?A.Machine learning operations are costly inNetflix.B.Machine learning plays an important role in existentapplications.C.Machine learning experts are not highly paid in some non-technologycompanies.D.Machine learning models are not sufficient to solve business problems inPinterest.2.The underlined word in the 3rd paragraph ―fields‖ mostprobablymeans.A.avoidsB.createsC.solvesD.classifies.3.Which one is the biggest obstacle for many traditional companies to begin a machine-learningoperation?A.HighcostB. Expertcrisis.C.TechnologicalproblemsD. Customerinteractions.D C A(C)Dr. Donald Sadoway at MIT started his own battery company with the hope of changing the world’s energy future. It’s a dramatic endorsement for a technology most people think about only when their smartphone goes dark. But Sadoway isn’t alone in boasting energy storage as a missing link to a cleaner, more efficient, and more equitable energy future.Scientists and engineers have long believed in the promise of batteries to change the world. Advanced batteries are moving out of specialized markets and creeping into the mainstream, signaling a tipping point for forward-looking technologies such as electric cars and rooftop solar panels.The ubiquitous （无所不在的）battery has already come a long way, of course. For better or worse, batteries make possible our mobile-first lifestyles, our screen culture, our increasingly globalized world. Still, as impressive as all this is, it may be trivial compared with what comes next. Having already enabled a communications revolution, the battery is now poised to transform just about everything else.The wireless age is expanding to include not just our phones, tablets, and laptops, but also our cars, homes, and even whole communities. In emerging economies, rural communities are bypassing the wires and wooden poles that spread power. Instead, some in Africa and Asia are seeing their first lightbulbs illuminated by the power of sunlight stored in batteries.Today, energy storage is a $33 billion global industry that generates nearly 100 gigawatt-hours of electricity per year. By the end of the deca de, it’s expected to be worth over $50 billion and generate 160 gigawatt-hours, enough to attract the attention of major companies that might not otherwise be interested in a decidedly pedestrian technology. Even utility companies, which have long viewed batteries and alternative forms of energy as a threat, are learning to embrace the technologies as enabling rather than disrupting.Today’s battery breakthroughs come as the world looks to expand modern energy access to the billion or so people without it, while also cutting back on fuels that warm the planet. Those simultaneous challenges appear less overwhelming with increasingly better answers to a centuries-old question: how to make power portable.To be sure, the battery still has a long way to go before the nightly recharge completely replaces the weekly trip to the gas station. A battery-powered world comes with its own risks, too. What happens to the centralized electric grid, which took decades and billions of dollars to build, as more and more people become ―prosumers,‖ who produce and consume their own energy on site?No one knows which—if any—battery technology will ultimately dominate, but one thing remains clear. The future of energy is in how we store it.1.What does Dr. Sadoway think of energystorage?A.It involves the application of sophisticatedtechnology.B.It is the direction energy development shouldfollow.C.It will prove to be a profitablebusiness.D.It is a technology benefitingeveryone.2.What is most likely to happen when advanced batteries become widelyused?A.Mobile-first lifestyles will becomepopular.B.The globalization process will beaccelerated.munications will take more diverseforms.D.The world will undergo revolutionarychanges.3.In some rural communities of emerging economies, people havebegunto .A.find digital devices simplyindispensablemunicate primarily by mobilephoneC.light their homes with stored solarenergyD.distribute power with wires and woodenpoles4.What does the author imply about the centralized electricgrid?A.It might become a thing of thepast.B.Itmightturnouttobea ―prosumer‖。
2017-2018学年上海市普陀区曹杨二中下学期高三英语开学考
上海曹杨二中2017-2018学年度第二学期高三英语开学考试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the otherThe half-term holiday is almost over and, for many students in their final year of school, university applications are high on the agenda. So, you have chosen your (1) _______(prefer) courses and universities and started to fill in your personal details, education, qualifications and details of any paid jobs.So far, so straightforward——but here comes the awkward bit: The personal statement, required from everyone applying to university (2) _______ the UCAS admissions service, is a major source of anxiety. Personal statements are written, rewritten, scrutinized by parents and teachers and rewritten again, taking up at least as much time and effort (3) ______ any other piece of work this term. “It is your chance (4) _______(describe) your ambitions, skills and experience,” says UCAS on its website. “Try to stand out (5)______ be careful with humor, quotes or anything unusual——just (6)______ _______ the admissions tutor does not have the same sense of humor as you.“Proofread aloud and get your teachers, advisers, and family to check ——then redraft (7)_______ you are happy with (8) ______ and the grammar, spelling and punctuation are correct.”Use plain English and avoid hackneyed phrases, UCAS advises: “Be authentic, be focused, be enthusiastic.”Alex Hayman, who manages a business that helps would-be undergraduates pen their personal statements, says, “An applicant’s personal statement could make the difference when it comes to (9) ______(receive) an offer from a university, and it is a key opportunity for you to showcase your individuality, knowledge and experience.”Alex Hayman says it is crucial for statements to be “reflective and, importantly, personal” and he has highlighted seven ways to convince the admissions tutor to offer you a place.1. Showing you are serious2. You need more than just top grades.3. What interest in the subject (10) _____ you show outside the classroom?4. Explain why you chose this subject and course——and how will you cope?5. Show that you are a critical thinker.6. What if some of your grades are disappointing?7. Explain how the course will help towards your long-term plans.1【答案】preferred【分析】考查非谓语的过去分词做形容词2【答案】through【分析】考查介词，通过意思是通过这个服务来申请大学3【答案】to describe【分析】考查不定式，chance后面接定语用不定式4【答案】as【分析】考查as…as…结构5【答案】but【分析】考查连词，根据意识是前后意思相反6【答案】in case【分析】考查状语从句，in case以免7【答案】until【分析】考查状语从句，根据意思重写直到你满意8【答案】it【分析】考查代词，it指代你的personal statement9【答案】receiving【分析】考查when it comes to sth10【答案】can【分析】考查情态动词，根据意思是你能在课外对这个学科能有多少兴趣Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Today’s children are exhausted, and not just because one in three kids is not getting sufficient sleep. Sleep deprivation in kids (who require at least nine hours a night, depending on age) has been found to (1) ____ decrease academic achievement, lower intelligence test scores, slow physical growth, and (2)_______ moodiness and irritability. While the argument for protecting our children’s sleep time is compelling, there is another kind of rest that is equally (3______ and equally beneficial to the children’s academic, emotional, and creative lives: daydreaming.Not all mental downtime(停工休息期) is alike, of course. Downtime spent playing a video game or watching a television show may have its (4) ___, but the kind of downtime I am talking about is different. I am talking about the kind of mind-wandering that happens when the brain is free of (5______ and allowed to get rid of the worries of the day. Television, videogames, and other electronic (6____ prevent this kind of mental wandering because they interrupt the flow of thoughts and memories that (7) ______ the foundation of positive, productive daydreaming.There is, however, another way of looking at mind wandering. For the individual, mind wandering offers the possibility of very real, personal reward, some immediate, some more (8) ____. These rewards include self-awareness, (9) _____, memory consolidation, future planning, simulating the perspective of another person, evaluating the implications of self and others, emotional reactions, moral reasoning.In other words, daydreaming only appears lazy from the outside, but viewed from the inside——or from the perspective of a psychologist, such as Kaufman, or a neuroscientist, such as Mary Helen Immordino Yang—a complicated and extremely (10)_____ neurological process is taking place. Viewed from the inside, our children are exploring the only space where they truly have autonomy: their own minds.【答案】1-10 AHGJF BCKDE【分析】1:：考查副词，极大降低学习成绩2：考查动词，提高负面的情绪3：考查形容词，同样被低估也同样对学生有益的睡眠4：考查名词，根据意思，花在游戏和电视上的时间虽然也有它的迷人之处5：考查名词，根据意思，大脑会不受打扰6：考查名词，根据前面的television, videogames可以知道是B7：考查动词，根据意思是加强这种有益活动的基础8：考查形容词，根据前面的immediate可以知道这里是相反的意思9：考查名词，根据意思是对自我的一些评估10：考查形容词，根据意思这种过程是既复杂又有生产力的III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Today’s kids are more worried than any kids in recent history. And those worries tend to intensify around times of transition---like the start of school.From the (1) ________ age on, says Jill Emanuele, a senior clinical psychologist, the most important thing for parents to do is to understand a kid’s worries. “When people say, I am worried or anxious,” Emanuele points out, “the first thing a lot of people want to do is say, ‘You are going to be fine. It’s going to be OK.”’ But when parents say say that, “you never give the person the opportunity to (2) ________what they are anxious about,” She says. Comforting words may provide temporary(3) ________ , but if anxiety is not faced head on, it will come back again, even stronger.(4) ________ , when kids are worried, parents can help them face their fears by asking them questions about their worries, and helping them(5) ________strategies to face their fears.Middle-school kids face a whole new world of (6) ________stress--- both in real life and on social media. One way for parents to manage anxiety in kids, says Emanuele, is to manage their (7) ________ “Limit the amount of time kids can be on their computers or their phones. it’s also a good age for parents and kids to explore the (8) ________behind stress. “Stress happens automatically,” Emanuele says. But “we have to teach our body how to do relaxation (9) ________.” Parents can start conversations with kids about what strategies work to help them release stress, from yoga to singing: whatever you can do to break the train of everyday thought that’s (10) ________you.”High school kids, Emanuele says, are (11) ________ “significant brain changes,” which leads to increased mental-health issues. For parents, the strategies for helping high schoolers manage stress are the same as at any age: help them (12) ________their specific anxieties, and strategies to deal with it. But with high school kids, says Emanuele, there’s a(n) (13) ________step. As they are going to be ready to leave school and begin college, or some other (14) ________ of life, the risks may seem impossibly high. Parents can help them by letting them know that one bad grade won’t destroy their (15) ________of future happiness, and that “they can get a good education anywhere in the country.”1. A. elementary B. early C. basic D. school2. A. ensure B. discover C. experience D. emphasize3. A. happiness B. relaxation C. recreation D. relief4. A. Meanwhile B. Instead C. Moreover D. For example5. A. make up for B. catch up with C. come up with D. go in for6. A. cultural B. mental C. economic D. social7. A. facilities B. devices C. leisure D. games8. A. science B. Phenomena C. reasons D. approaches9. A. plan B. response C. decision D. prediction10. A. interrupting B. distracting C. disturbing D. tempting11. A. going through B. benefiting from C. acting on D. showing off12. A. admit B. obtain C. from D. identify13. A. exceptional B. added C. unexpected D. regular14. A. events B. occasions C. phase D. decisions15. A. chances B. means C. arrival D. expectations【答案】Keys: 1-5：ACDBC 6-10：DBABC 11-15：ADBCA【分析】1.考查动词。
上海市各区2017-2018年高三英语二模试题汇编：阅读理解C篇（带答案精准校对）
Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Here‘s the scary thing about the identity-theft ring that the feds cracked last week: there was nothing any of its estimated 40,000 victims could have done to prevent it from happening. This was an inside job, according to court documents. A lowly help-desk worker at Teledata Communications, a software firm that helps banks access credit reports online, allegedly (据说）stole passwords for those reports and sold them to a group of 20 thieves at $60 a pop. That allowed the gang to cherry-pick consumers with good credit and apply for all kinds of accounts in their names. Cost to the victims: $3 million and rising.Even scarier is that this, the largest identity-theft bust to date, is just a drop in the bit bucket. More than 700,000 Americans hav e their credit hijacked every year. It‘s one of crime‘s biggest growth markets. A name, address and Social Security number--which can often be found on the Web--is all anybody needs to apply for a bogus（伪造的）line of credit. Credit companies make $1.3 trillion annually and lose less than 2% of that revenue（收入）to fraud, so there‘s little financial incentive for them to make the application process more secure. As it stands now, it‘s up to you to protect your identity.The good news is that there are plenty of steps you can take. Most credit thieves are opportunists, not well-organized gangs. A lot of them go Dumpster diving for those millions of ―pre-approved‖ credit-card mailings that go out every day. Others steal wallets and return them, taking only a Social Security number. Shredding your junk mail and leaving your Social Security card at home can save a lot of agony later.But the most effective way to keep your identity clean is to check your credit reports once or twice a year. There are three major credit-report outfits: Equifax (at ), Trans-Union () and Experian (). All allow you to order reports online, which is a lot better than wading through voice-mail hell on their 800 lines. Of the three, I found TransUnion‘s website to be the cheapest and most comprehensive--laying out state-by-state prices,rights and tips for consumers in easy-to-read fashion.If you‘re lucky enough to live in Colorado, Georgia, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey or Vermont, you are entit led to one free report a year by law. Otherwise it‘s going to cost $8 to $14 each time. Avoid services that offer to monitor your reports year-round for about $70; that‘s $10 more than the going rate among thieves. If you think you‘re a victim of identity theft, you can ask for fraud alerts to be put on file at each of the three credit-report companies. You can also download a theft-report form at /idtheft, which, along with a local police report, should help when irate creditors come knocki ng. Just don‘t expect justice. That audacious help-desk worker was one of the fewer than 2% of identity thieves who are ever caught.63. The expression ―inside job‖(Line 2, Paragraph 1) most probably means ___________.A. a crime committed by a person working for the victimB. a crime that should be punished severelyC. a crime that does great harm to the victimD. a crime that poses a great threat to the society64. You can protect your identity in the following way except ___________.A. destroying your junk mailB. leaving your Social Security card at homeC. visiting the credit-report website regularlyD. obtaining the free report from the government65. It is easy to have credit-theft because ____________.A. More people are using credit serviceB. The application program is not safe enoughC. Creditors usually disclose their identityD. Creditors are not careful about their identity66. The best title of the text is ____________.A. The danger of credit-theftB. The loss of the creditorsC. How to protect your good nameD. Why the creditors lose their identity Keys: 63-66: A D B CSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions orunfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)All across America, students are anxiously finishing their "What I Want To Be .." college applicationessays, advised to focus on STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) by experts and parents who insist that's the only way to become workforce ready. But two recent studies of workplace success contradict the traditional wisdom about "hard skills".Google originally set its hiring systems to sort for computer science students with top grades from top science universities. In 2013, Google decided to test its hiring theory by quickly dealing with large amounts hiring, firing, and promotion data collected since the company's establishment.Project Oxygen shocked everyone by concluding that, among the eight most important qualities ofGoogle's top employees, STEM capability comes in dead last. The seven top characteristics of success atGoogle are all soft skills: being a good coach; communicating and listening well; possessing comprehensioninto others, being supportive of one's colleagues; being a good critical thinker and problem solver, and beingable to make connections across complex ideas.Those characteristics sound more like what one gains as an English or theater major than as a programmer.Could it be that top Google employees were succeeding despite their technical training, not because ofit? After bringing in more experts to dive even deeper into the data, the company enlarged its previous hiringpractices to include humanities majors, artists, and even the MBAs (Master of Business Administration).Project Aristotle, a study released by Google this past spring, further supports the importance of soft skillseven in high-tech environments. Project Aristotle analyzes data on inventive and productive teams. Googletakes pride in its A-teams, assembled with top scientists, each with the most specialized knowledge and able tothrow down one creative idea after another. Its data analysis revealed, however, that the company's mostimportant and productive new ideas come from B-teams comprised of employees who don't always have to bethe smartest people in the room.Project Aristotle shows that the best teams at Google exhibit a range of soft skills: equality, generosity,curiosity toward the ideas of your teammates, understanding, and emotional intelligence. And topping the list:emotional safety. To succeed, each and every team member mustfeel confident speaking up and makingmistakes. They must know they are being heard.STEM skills are vital to the world we live in today, but technology alone, as Steve Jobs famously insisted,is not enough. We desperately need those who are educated to the human, cultural, and social as well as thecomputational.63. The underlined word:―contradict‖most probably means ―____________‖.A. add toB. back upC. bring aboutD. conflict with64. Google conducted the studies of workplace success in order to ____________.A. determine what makes a workplace-ready studentB. check whether its hiring system serves the purposeC. prove soft skills are more important than hard onesD.impress its competitors with the employees‘ excellence65. What can be inferred from Project Aristotle?A. Emotional safety enables people to express themselves freely.B. Listening and hearing helps develop problem-solving abilities.C. L earning from mistakes doesn‘t necessarily mean improvement.D. Those without specialized knowledge can also make inventions.66. Which of the following is the best title for the passage?A. STEM skills our society needs for better educationB. The principal focus students have on application essaysC. The surprising thing Google learned about its employeesD. The soft skills Google programmers lack for career growthKeys:63-66: DAADSection CDirections：Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.(C)―Two centuries ago, Lewis and Clark left St. Louis to explore the new lands acquired in the Louisiana Purchase,”George W. Bush said, announcing his desire for a program to send men andwomen to Mars. ―They made that journey in the spirit of discovery. America has ventured forth into space for the same reasons.‖Yet there are vital differences between Lewis and Clark‘s expedition and a Mars mission. First, they were headed to a place where hundreds of thousands of people were already living. Second, they were certain to discover places and things of immediate value to the new nation. Third, their venture cost next to nothing by today‘s standards. A Mars mission may be the single most expensive non-wartime undertaking in U.S. history.Appealing as the thought of travel to Mars is, it does not mean the journey makes sense, even considering the human calling to explore. And Mars as a destination for people makes absolutely no sense with current technology.Present system for getting from Earth‘s surface to low-Earth orbit are so fantastically expensive that merely launching the 1,000 tons or so of spacecraft and equipment a Mars mission would require could be accomplished only by cutting health-care benefits, education spending, or other important programs --- or by raising taxes. Absent some remarkable discovery, astronauts, geologists, and biologists once on Mars could do little more than analyze rocks and feel awestruck （敬畏的）staring into the sky of another world. Yet rocks can be analyzed by automated probes without risk to human life, and at a tiny fraction of the cost of sending people.It is interesting to note that when President Bush unveiled his proposal, he listed these recent major achievements of space exploration pictures of evidence of water on Mars, discovery of more than 100 planets outside our solar system, and study of the soil of Mars. All these accomplishments came from automated probes or automated space telescopes. Bush‘s proposal, which calls for“reprogramming”some of NASA‘s present budget into the Mars effort, might actually lead to a reduction in such unmanned science --- the one aspect of space exploration that‘s working really well.Rather than spend hundreds of billions of dollars to hurl tons toward Mars using current technology, why not take a decade or two or however much time is required researching new launch systems and advanced propulsion（推进力）? If new launch systems could put weight into orbit affordably, and advanced propulsion could speed up that long, slow transit to Mars, the dream of stepping onto the red planet might become reality. Mars will still be there when the technology is ready.63. What do Lewis and Clark‘s expedition and a Mars mission have in common?A. Instant value.B. Human inhabitance.C. Venture cost.D. Exploring spirit.64. Bush‘s proposal is challenged for the following reas ons except that __________.A. its expenditure is too huge for the government to afford.B. American people‘s well-being will suffer a lot if it is implementedC. great achievements have already been made in Mars exploration in AmericaD. unmanned Mars exploration sounds more practical and economical for the moment65. Which cannot be concluded from the passage?A. Going to Mars using current technology is quite unrealistic.B. A Mars mission will in turn promote the development of unmanned program.C. Bush‘s proposal is based on three recent great achievements of space exploration.D. The achievements in place exploration show how well unmanned science has developed.66. What is the main idea of the passage?A. Risky as it is, a Mars mission helps to re tain America‘s position as a technological leader.B. A Mars mission is so costly that it may lead to an economic disaster in America.C. Someday people may go to Mars but not until it makes technological sense.D. A Mars mission is unnecessary since the s cientists once there won‘t make great discoveries. Keys:63-66 DCBCSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Dusty Nash, an angelic-looking blond child of seven, awoke at 5 one recent morning in his Chicago home and began to throw a fit. He cried and kicked. Every muscle in his 50-lb. body flew in violent motion. Finally, after about 30 minutes, Dusty pulled himself together sufficiently to head downstairs for breakfast. While his mother was busy in the kitchen, the extremely excitedchild pulled a box of Kix cereal from the cupboard and sat on a chair.But sitting still was not easy this morning. After grabbing some cereal with his hands, he began kicking the box, scattering little round corn puffs across the room. Next he turned his attention to the TV set, or rather, the table supporting it. The table was covered with a check-board con-tact paper, and Dusty began peeling it off. Then he became interested in the spilled cereal and started smashing it into bits.It was only 7: 30, and his mother Kyle Nash, who teaches a medical-school course on death and dying, was already feeling half dead from exhaustion. Dusty was to see his doctors that day at 4, and they had asked her not to give the boy the drug he usually takes to control his extreme excitement and attention problems, a condition known as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD). It was going to be a very long day without help from Ritain, a powerful drug which some people take for pleasure, but which they can become addicted to.Karenne Bloomgarden remembers such days all too well. The spirited, 43-year-old boss and gym teacher was a disaster as a child growing up in New Jersey. ―I did very poorly in school,‖ she recalls. Her teachers and parents were constantly on her case for tough behavior. ―They just felt I was being bad--- too loud, too physical, too everything.‖ A naughty tomboy with few friends, she saw a psychologist at age 10. ―but nobody came up with a diagnosis‖. As a teenager she began prescribing her own medication: marijuana, and later cocaine.The athletic Bloomgarden managed to get into college, but she admits that she cheated her way to a diploma. ―I would study and study, and I wouldn‘t remember a thing. I really felt it was my fault.‖ After graduating, she did fine in physically active jobs but was anxious about administrative work. Then, four years ago, a doctor put a label on her troubles: ADHD. ―It's been such a weigh off my shoulders‖ says Bloomgarden, who takes both stimulant Ritalin and the antidepressant Zoloft to improve her concentration. ―I had 38 years of thinking I was a bad person. Now I‘m rewriting the ta pes of who I thought I was to who I really am.‖63. What does the phrase―throw a fit‖in the 1st paragraph probably mean?A. turn oneself around casuallyB. fall down to the ground carelesslyC. lose ones temper suddenlyD. shout and complain loudly64. Why did Dusty Nash mess the room?A. He was reluctant to listen to his motherB. He couldn't focus on anything for a while.C. He forgot to take the medicine he usually took.D. He was afraid to see the doctor with his mother.65. The passage is chiefly concerned with .A. the visible symptoms of the disease ADHDB. the precise definition of the disease ADHDC. D usty‘s experiences in his childhood and collegeD. K arenne‘s confessing of cheating to get a diploma66. What can be inferred from the passage?A. Dusty went to see his private doctor every week in the past yearsB. D usty‘s mother took care of him till he was admitted to a college.C. A psychologist examined Karenne and cured her serious disease.D. Karenne didn't know herself well until she was diagnosed with ADHD.Keys: 63-66 CBADSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(C)Earlier this year a series of papers in The Lancet reported that 85 percent of the $265 billion spent each year on medical research is wasted because too often absolutely nothing happens after initial results of a study are published. No follow-up investigations to replicate(复制) or expand on a discovery. No one uses the findings to build new technologies.The problem is not just what happens after publication —scientists often have trouble choosing the right questions and properly designing studies to answer them. Too many studies test too few subjects to arrive at firm conclusions. Researchers publish reports on hundreds oftreatments for diseases that work in animal models but not in humans. Drug companies find themselves unable to reproduce promising drug targets published by the best academic institutions. The growing recognition that something has gone wrong in the laboratory has led to calls for, as one might guess, more research on research — attempts to find rules to ensure that peer-reviewed studies are, in fact, valid.It will take a concerted effort by scientists and other stakeholders to fix this problem. We can do so by exploring ways to make scientific investigation more reliable and efficient. These may include collaborative team science, study registration, stronger study designs and statistical tools, and better peer review, along with making scientific data widely available so that others can replicate experiments, therefore building trust in the conclusions of those studies.Reproducing other scientists‘ analyses or replicating their resul ts has too often in the past been looked down on with a kind of ―me-too‖ derision(嘲笑) that would waste resources — but often they may help avoid false leads that would have been even more wasteful. Perhaps the biggest obstacle to replication is the inaccessibility of data and results necessary to rerun the analyses that went into the original experiments. Searching for such information can be extremely difficult. Investigators die, move and change jobs; computers crash; online links malfunction. Data are sometimes lost — even, as one researcher claimed when confronted about spurious(伪造的) results, eaten by termites(白蚁).There has definitely been some recent progress. An increasing number of journals, including Nature and Science, have adopted measures such as checklists for study design and reporting while improving statistical review and encouraging access to data. Several funding agencies, meanwhile, have asked that researchers outline their plans for sharing data before they c an receive a government grant.But it will take much more to achieve a lasting culture change. Investigators should be rewarded for performing good science rather than just getting statistically significant (―positive‖) but nonreplicable results. Revising the present incentive(激励) structure may require changes on the part of journals, funders, universities and other research institutions.63. Whatis the problem reported in those papers in The Lancet?A. Great achievements in medical research failed to get published.B. Money was wasted on follow-up investigations in medical research.C. Too many new research findings are not put into use after publication.D. Few scientists are devoted to building new technologies for mankind.64. Which of the following situation is most similar to the problem described in paragraph 2?A. A high school decides to cut its art programs due to the lack of fund.B. A patient gets sicker because he does not follow the doctor‘s advice.C. A marketing firm tests a website with participants that are not target population.D. A drug company fails to produce the new drug due to no access to the latest data.65. Which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Measures are taken to ensure publication of tested results only.B. Scientific experiments must be replicable to be considered valid.C. Experiment replication is unoriginal and not worthwhile.D. Rewards should be given only to those nonreplicable findings.66. Thepurposeof this article is to ___________.A. argue that scientific research lacks efficiencyB. explain the result of a recent scientific studyC. introducesome recent progress in medicalresearchD. highlight the possible problems of research studiesKeys: 63-66 CCBDSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.COf all the components of a good night‘s sleep, dreams seem to be least within our control. In dreams, a window opens into a world where logic is suspended and dead people speak. A century ago, Freud stated his revolutionary theory that dreams were the disguised (伪装的)shadows of our unconscious desires and fears: by the late 1970se neurologists had switched to thinking of them as just "mental noise"—the random byproducts of the neural-repair work that goes on during sleep. Now researchers suspect that dreams are part of the minds emotional thermostat, regulatingmoods while the brain is "off-line". And one leading authority says that these intensely powerful mental events can be not only influenced but actually brought under conscious control, to help us sleep and feel better. "It's your dream," says Rosalind Cartwright, chair of psychology at Chicago's Medical Center. "If you don't like it change it."The link between dreams and emotions shows up among the patients in Cartwright's clinic. Most people seem to have more bad dreams early in the night, progressing toward happier ones before awakening, suggesting that they are working through negative feelings generated(产生)during the day. Because our conscious mind is occupied with daily life. we don't always think about the emotional significance of the day' s events—until, it appears, we begin to dreams.And this process need not be left to the unconscious. Cartwright believes one can exercise conscious control over repeated bad dreams. As soon as you awaken, identify what is upsetting about the dream. Visualize how you would like it to end instead; the next time it occurs, try to wake up just enough to control its course. With much practice people can learn to, literally, do it in their sleep.At the end of the day, there's probably little reason to pay attention to our dreams at all unless they keep us from sleeping or"we wake up in a panic,"Cartwright says. Terrorism, economic uncertainties and general feelings of insecurity have increased people's anxiety. Those suffering from persistent nightmares should seek help from a therapist. For the rest of us, the brain has its ways of working through bad feeling Sleep—or rather dream—on it and you'll feel better in the morning.63. By saying that "dreams are part of the mind's emotional thermostat" in paragraph 1, theresearchers mean that__________.A. dreams can help us keep our mood comparatively stableB. dreams can be brought under conscious controlC. dreams represent our unconscious desires and fearsD. we can think logically in the dreams too64. The negative feelings generated during the day tend to________.A. become worse in our unconscious mindB develop into happy dreamsC. persist till the time we fall asleepD show up in dreams early at night65. Cartwright believed with much practice, we can lean to__________.A. control what dreams to dreamB. sleep well without any dreamsC. wake up in time to stop the bad dreamsD identify what is upsetting about the dreams66. Cartwright might advise those who sometimes have bad dreams to_________.A. lead their life as usualB. seek professional helpC. exercise conscious controlD. avoid anxiety in the daytimeKeys: 63-66 ADCASection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.C"Monday morning feeling "could be a crushing pain in the chest which leaves you sweating and gasping for breath. Recent research from Germany and Italy shows that heart attacks are more common on Monday mornings and doctors blame the stress of returning to work after the weekend break.he risk of having a heart attack on any given day should be one in seven, but a six-year study helped by researchers at the Free University of Berlin of more than 2, 600 Germans revealed that the average person had a 20 percent higher chance of having a heart attack on a Monday than on any other day.Working Germans are particularly not protected against attack, with a 33 per cent higher risk at the beginning of the working week. Non-workers, by comparison, appear to be no more at risk on a Monday than any other day.A study of 11,000 Italians proved 8 am on a Monday morning as the most stressful time forthe heart, and both studies showed that Sunday is the least stressful day, with fewer heart attacks in both countries.The findings could lead to a better understanding of what is the immediate cause of heart attacks, according to Dr. Stefan Willich of the Free University. "We know a lot about long-term risk factors such as smoking and cholesterol (胆固醇)but we don't know what actually causes heart attacks, so we can 't make specific recommendations about how to prevent them," he said.Monday mornings have a double helping of stress for the working body as it makes a rapid change from sleep to activity, and from the relaxing weekend to the pressures of work. "When people get up, their blood pressure and heart rate go up and there are hormonal(荷尔蒙的) changes in their bodies.‖ Willich explained. ―All these things can have an unfavorable effect in the blood system and increase the risk of a clot(血凝块) in the arteries(动脉) which will cause a heart attack. "When people return to work after a weekend off, the pace of their life changes. They have a higher workload, more stress, more anger and more physical activity," said willich. "We need to know how these events cause changes in the body before we can understand if they cause heart attacks."But although it is tempting to believe that returning to work increases the risk of a heart attack, both Willich and the Italian researchers admit that it is only a partial answer. Both studies showed that the over 65s are also vulnerable on Monday morning even though most no longer work. The reason for this is not clear, but the Italian team speculated that the social interactions-the thought of facing another week and all its pressures—may play a part.What is clear, however, is that the Monday morning peak seems to be consistent from the northernGermany to southern Italy in spite of the differences in diet and lifestyle.63. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. 20% of the Italians appear to have higher possibility of having heart attacks.B. 33% of the Germans have heart diseases, so heart attacks are more common in Germanythan in any other country.C. The risk of having heart attacks on Monday mornings is the same as on any other day ofthe week to non-workers.D. non-smokers are more likely to have heart attacks on Sundays.64. The over 65s are more likely to suffer from heart attacks on Monday mornings possibly。
2017-2018年上海市普陀区曹杨二中高三英语第二学期周测试卷含答案和解析
上海曹杨二中2017-2018学年度第二学期高三英语周测试卷II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.T alking with—Not Just to—Kids Powers How They Learn LanguageChildren from the poorer families begin life not only with material disadvantages but cognitive ones. Decades of research (1)____________(confirm) this, including a famous 1995 finding by psychologists Betty Hart and Todd Risley: By age four children raised in poverty have heard 30 million fewer words, on average, than their peers from wealthier families. That gap has been linked to shakier language skills at the start of school, (2)____________, in turn, predicts weaker academic performance.But just the quantity of words a toddler hears is not the most significant influence on language acquisition. Growing evidence has led researchers to conclude quality matters more than quantity, and (3)____________(valuable) quality seems to be back-and-forth communication—what researchers call conversational turns.A paper (4)____________(publish) last week in Psychological Science brings a new kind of support to this idea, offering the first evidence that these exchanges play a vital role in the development of Broca’s area, the brain region most closely associated with producing speech. Further, the amount of conversational turns a child experiences daily outweighs socioeconomic status in predicting (5)____________ activity in Broca’s area and the child’s language skills.The researchers confirmed the classic 1995 finding that, overall, kids from wealthier families hear more words. And small (6)____________ their sample was, they even confirmed the 30-million-word gap between the poorest and richest children. But they found that “by far the biggest driver for brain development was not the number of words spoken (7)____________ the conversations,” Gabrieli says.The researchers calculated that a child’s verbal ability score increased (8)____________ one point for every additional 11 conversational exchanges per hour.The study is a “very, very important” addition (9)____________ a growing body of work, says developmental psychologist Kathryn Hirsh-Pasek, director of the Infant Language Laboratory at Temple University. “We have known for quite a while that conversational turns—or (10)____________ in my work we call conversational duets—are very important for building a foundation for language and maybe for learning generally. What hadn’t been done is to link it where we knew it had to be linked—to changes in the brain.”【答案】1. have confirmed2. which3. the most valuable4. published5. both6. as/though7. but8. by9. to10. what【分析】1.考察谓语动词时态语态。
2018届普陀区高考英语二模(缺答案,后期更新)
2017学年普陀区高三英语二模质量检测2017年4月12日II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Jim ThompsonJim Thompson’s life story is one of success, achievement, and finally mystery because no one knows how it ended.Thompson was born in Delaware (2l) the east coast of the United States in1906. After finishing high school, Thompson went to Princeton University and later studied architecture at the University of Pennsylvania. After graduation, Jim Thompson worked as an architect in New York City until 1940. Not long after this, he volunteered (22)_ (serve) in the U.S. Army. During World War II, Thompson gathered intelligence for the army in Thailand, It was this first taste of life in the Far East (23) changed Thompson's life. He saw opportunities to develop tourism there, becoming (24) (involve) in an ambitious scheme to restore the Oriental Hotel.While the hotel plan fell through, by that time Thompson had hit upon another scheme that would eventually make him a millionaire. While traveling around Thailand, he came across (25) he considered exquisite(精美的)samples of handwoven Thai silk, a product that (26) (become) rare. He persuaded the weavers to work with him and marketed the silk in New York, (27) it became very popular. As a consequence, the Thai silk industry was revived(复兴)and the business made Thompson and some of the weavers very wealthy.With his success in the silk business, Jim Thompson continued his original interest in architecture on the side. He found six traditional Thai houses and had (28) brought to Bangkok and reassembled there as one magnificent house. Today, not only is it a beautiful house inside and out, (29) it is also filled with the works of art Thompson collected.In 1967 during a holiday in Malaysia, he went for a walk in the Jungle and disappeared forever. To this day, no clues (30) (find) as to what happened to this wealthy American businessman who is credited with single-handedly reviving the Thai silk industry.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Mentally and Intellectually HarmfulLast month, the Indian Medical Association declared a public health emergency in New Delhi of high levels of air pollution. Schools were shut and emergency traffic restrictions put in place.New Delhi is far from alone. Our research into the 31 of air pollution in China shows that, in addition to the more obvious physical price, air pollution can also have serious negative effectson mental health and cognition(认知), 32 reducing a person's happiness and their scores in verbal and mathematical tests.Such harmful mental effects have serious negative consequences for livelihoods and human capital development, suggesting that development 33 should go beyond the traditional focus of boosting GDP in the developing world.India’s recent pollution emergency is the most 34 incidence （发生率）of dangerous air pollution, but smoggy skies have been a cause of growing 35 in most developing countries.Major cities across the developing world —from Thailand, to Brazil, to Nigeria —36 experience pollution at several times the WHO safe limits. In fact, 98% of cities with more than 100,000 37 in low and middle-income countries fail to meet the WHO’s air quality guidelines.India’s extreme levels of air pollution are well recogni zed, and examining the effects provides clear warnings for other countries seeking fast growth through rapid industrialization.We used nationally 38 longitudinal（纵向）surveys on mental health and cognition, matched with daily air quality data for the time and place of interviews, to see what pollution does in a given time to individual happiness and cognitive performance. Because each person in our survey was 39 multiple times, we can control for the effect of individual characteristics on the outcome variables.We found that worsening air quality led to a decrease in happiness that day 40 to about 10 percent of the reduced happiness one would experience from a negative major life event such as divorce.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Globalization: Good or Bad?Globalization is defined in many ways. One simple 41 is that it is the rapid increase in international free trade, investment, and technological exchange. It is argued that this international trade has been one of the main causes of world economic 42 over the past half century. Although there is little doubt that the global economy has developed enormously in the last 50 years, some people believe that this trend has only benefited certain countries, and that others have suffered as a result.Improved income?An argument 43 globalization is that the benefits of increased international trade are shared among everyone in the country. An example of this is China, where per capita income(人均收入) rose from about $1400 in 1980 to over $4000 by 2000. 44_, per capita income rosy by over 100% in India between 1980 and 1996. It would appear that countries which open their doors to world trade tend to become 45 .However, these sorts of 46 might not be giving a true picture. They are "average", and despite the fact that there has been a substantial increase in income for a small minority of people,the vast majority have only seen a 47 improvement.More imports, more exportsSupporters of free trade point out that there is another direct benefit to be gained from anincrease in international trade: exports 48 imports. Take coffee as an example. Countries which produce and export coffee import the packaging for it: a(n) 49 trade which enables commerce to develop in two countries at the same time.50 maintain that, in general, it is poorer countries that produce and export food such as coffee, and richer countries that produce and export manufactured goods such as packaging materials. Furthermore, it is the richer countries that control the price of goods and, 51 , farmers may be forced to sell their produce at a low price and to buy manufactured goads at a high price.52 developmentFinally,globalization often 53 a country to concentrate on industries which are already successful. These countries develop expertise(专门技能) and increase their share in the international market. On the other hand, those countries which _54 to support all their industries usually do not develop expertise in any one. Consequently, these countries do not find a world market for their foods and do not increase their gross domestic product (GDP).Anti-globalists claim that there is a serious problem in this argument for the_ 55 of industry. Countries which only concentrate on one or two main industries are forced to import other goods. These imported goods are frequently overpriced, and these countries, therefore, have a tendency to accumulate huge debts.41.A. indication B. principle C. definition D. factor42.A. systems B. solution C. crises D. growth43.A. in favor of B. on account of C. with regard of D. in honor of44.A. Fortunately B. Similarly C. Undoubtedly D. Unusually45.A. freer B. greater C. stronger D. wealthier46.A. figures B. descriptions C. countries D. benefits47.A. severe B. slight C. further D. general48.A. overtake B. qualify C. fight D. require49.A. two-way B. all-inclusive C. official D. legal50.A. Supporters B. Advocates C. Critics D. Authorities51.A. otherwise B. nevertheless C. therefore D. besides52.A. Global B. Industrial C. National D. Economical53.A. encourages B. restricts C. forbids D. forces54.A. stop B. continue C. fail D. refuse55.A. globalization B. transformation C. specialization D. identificationSection B 22%.Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The Harlem RenaissanceThe word "renaissance" means "rebirth." The Harlem Renaissance took place during the 1920s.It was a time when the African American artistic community grew and flourished, producing a ton of work in a short period of time. The work celebrated African American culture and spoke to their experiences as minorities ---both the good parts and the bad parts.After the Civil War, many African Americans left the South to escape unfair treatment and Iaws that discriminated against them. Between 1910 and 1920, massive numbers of black Southerners moved from the rural south into the urban North. and West in the Great Migration. The African American population of Chicago more than doubled during that time! And in New York, African Americans flocked to uptown Manhattan, settling in a neighborhood called Harlem. Forming a community within the big city let African Americans keep their cultural identity in a white-dominated society. It was a good thing, and a lot of important cultural issues were brought to light during the Harlem Renaissance. One of the most important figures of the time was the African American writer, W.E.B. Du Bois. In his book, The Souls of Black Folk,in 1903, Du Bois wrote that African-Americans_suffered from something_called “double consciousness”. They had their own self-image while they saw themselves through the eyes or white Americans. And performers like Josephine Baker and Paul Robeson brought African American culture to all New Yorkers. The Renaissance was so influential that "Harlem" grew into something of a brand name, African Americans were pushing boundaries across all aspects of society. Black business began to flourish, creating a growing middle class, like Madame CJ. Walker who turned her cosmetics line into a million dollar empire. All together, the artists, and thinkers of this period j helped mobilize the larger black population. Young African-Americans took advantage of improved access to higher education. This opened up new career paths and opportunities to attain advanced degrees. Perhaps most importantly, people - black and white - began the push for racial integration, planting the seeds of what would eventually become the civil rights movement of the 1960s.56. Why did many African Americans leave the South after the Civil War?A. To escape slavery.B. To find jobs in agriculture.C. To avoid racial discrimination.D. To gain citizenship.57. How did W.E.B. Du Bois contribute to the Harlem Renaissance?A. He led to movement to return to Africa.B. He composed.folk music.based on African American theme.C. He wrote plays about the African-American experience.D. He wrote about the struggle for African-Amcrican identity.58. What can you infer about the economic status of African American prior to the Harlem Renaissance?A. Nearly all were unemployed at that time.B. The vast majority were considered lower class.C.Most were regarded.as.middle class. ~D. A large percentage were recognized as wealthy,59.What factor allowed many more African Americans to pursue careers in fields like medicine and law?A. Spread of black businesses.B. Access to higher education.C.Shift from agriculture to industry.D. Push for unity among all Africans.(B)We offer three different tours of this iconic buildings.The Essential Tour brings to life the story behind the design and construction of one of the world's most famous ing interactive audio-visual technology, your guide will take you on a memorable journey inside the youngest budding ever to be World Heritage listed.Afterwards, why not stay around and eat at the Studio Cafe, with its modern Australian menu? You can both enjoy the best views in Sydney and claim a 20% reduction on the total cost of your meal. (Don't forget to show your ticket in order to claim your discount.)Language: English, French, GermanTakes place: Daily between 9am and 5pmPrices: Adult $35/Online $29.75Concessions:Australian seniors and pensioners; students and children of 16 and under $24.50Prior bookings are not essential.The Backstage Tour gives you backstage access to the Sydney Opera House.It is a unique opportunity to experience the real-life dramas behind the stage! You might even get to stand on the concert hall stage, take up a conductor's baton in the orchestra pit and imagine you are leading the performance. You will also get to see inside the stars' dressing rooms.The tour concludes with a complimentary breakfast in the Green Room, The private dining area of performers past and present.Takes place: Dally at 7amPrices: $155. No concessions.To purchase: Bookings are essentiaL.Limited to 8 peopIe per tourOnline sales expire at 4:30 pm two days prior.Notes: The tour includes up to 300 steps. FIat, rubber-soled shoes must be worn, For safety reasons, children of 12 years old and under are not permitted.Opera High Tea consists of a tour where you will walk in the footsteps of world-classsingers, dancers and musicians, followed by fine food and music in the spectacular surroundings of the Bennelong Dining Room. What could be better than a treat of delicious light snacks and soft drinks followed by a live recital by a leading Australian singer!An unforgettable treat for young and old!Takes place: Every second Wed., 2pm .Duration:1.5 hoursPrices: $145 per person ,Book online or visit the Guided Tours Desk60.A traveler will enjoy a performance if he choose__________.A.the Essential TourB.the Backstage TourC. Opera High TeaD.any of the tours61.Joining the Backstage Tour, a traveler__________.A.is allowed to wear sneakers ' when standing on the stage. .B. will have an opportunity to be the conductor of the orchestra.C. can take his big family of 8 members to free breakfast.D. can buy the discount ticket the day before the tour.62. If a couple who travelled with their 17-year-old son joined the Essential Tour and had a meal of $150 there. what would the lowest cost be if paid in cash?A.$203.25.B.$214.5.C.$225.D.$239.25.(C)A sensational new scientific discovery in the ocean near Australia may explain the most massive extinction of living things in Earth's history. For years, scholars have been frustrated in trying to analyze why 90 to 95 percent of sea life and 75 percent of land life vanished about 250 million years ago. The extinctions were so enormous that they are called The Great Dying. To date ,some authorities on ancient life thought that a volcanic eruption or a sudden change in the environment affected all life on Earth. Other specialists have doubted these theories, maintaining that it was not plausible that a solo volcano could bring about such chaos. From the outset, critics believed these claims were exaggeratedBy contrast, there is wide acceptance of the idea that a meteor (流星) which hit Mexico's Yucatan peninsula 65 million years ago was the primary cause of the dinosaurs' extinction.Nevertheless, until now they had no evidence of an intense meteor impact 185 million years earlier.Now they do.American geologists have been examining rock samples from a deep sea crater（火山口）near the northwest coast of Australia. The samples were initially collected and preserved by petroleum technicians seeking oil. Now the geologists and their colleagues believe that the precise splits in the rocks' structure show a typical pattern for meteors. There is a clear distinction from volcanic patterns. In fact, a spokesperson went so far as to say that these rocks completely revise the way scientists perceive the mass extinctions from the ancient era. Academics say that the meteor's crater is the size of Mount Qomolangma, the highest mountain on Earth! Literally, the meteor made a mark on Earth as it drowned in the sea. The Earth could not absorb such a harsh blowwithout sustaining global devastation. Things must have come to a standstill. Evidently, the blow was fatal for many forms of life.Bear in mind that all this was long before mammals---including humans-emerged in Earth's history. Still, we would be wise to pay attention to the damage a meteor can cause. Fortunately,meteor strikes on Earth are few and far between.63.The word "plausible" (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to__________.A.availableB.incredibleC.reasonableD.ridiculous64. Why didn't the meteor affect human being?A. Because they were very resistant.B, Because there weren't any then. .C. Because they lived in isolated areas.D. Because they hid themselves in the caves.65. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Scholars agreed that a single volcano caused The Great Dying.B. 75 percent of land life continued 250 million years agoC, Volcanic rocks and meteors have different patterns.D. When the meteor hit land, Mount Qomolangma sprang up. .66. What is the best title for the passage? .A. The Dinosaurs' End.B. Crater on Qomolangma.C. Contradictory Claims.D.A Meteor's lmpact .SectionC 8%Directions: Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A. In daily life, imitation can hurt us if we subconsciously hold poor role models.B. Creative people have an endless resource of ideas.C. It is how to use imagination creatively that troubles us.D. Why follow someone else's way of cooking when I could create my own?E. But if you begin to enter this field,imitation proves useful. -F. If you are going to follow someone, focus on their talent, not their bad character orunacceptable behaviors.Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored.___67_______.Imitating role models is like using training wheels on a child's bicycle; they help you get going,but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.____68______.If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of the weak choices of others.In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars took great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous.___69_______.Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique, Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation.The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them,but by those who do what has been done inside them.___70_______. The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve you. Then you can say, "I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors' tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering me on."IV. Summary Writing 10%Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possibleBetter Memory Causes BoredomA new study shows that the better your short-term memory, the faster you feel fed up and decide you’ve had enough.the findings appear in the Journal of Consumer research.Noelle Nelson, assistant professor of marketing and consumer behavior at the University of Kansas School of Business. She and her colleague Joseph Redden at the University of Minnesota tried to think outside the lunch box. "Something that was interesting to me is that some people get tired of things at very-different rates. When you think about pop songs on the radio, some people must still be enjoying them and requesting them even after hearing them a lot. But a lot of other people are really sick of those same songs." The difference, the researchers supposed, might have to do with memories of past consumption.The researchers tested the memory capacity of undergraduates. The students then viewed a repeating series of three classic paintings...like The Starry Night, American Gothic, and The Scream...or listened and re-listened to a series of three pop songs...or three pieces of classical music. Throughout the test, the participants were asked to rate their experience on a scale of zero to ten. And the better a participant scored in the memory test, the faster they got bored."We found that people with larger capacities remembered more about the music or art, which led to them getting tired of the music or art more quickly.So remembering more details actually made the participants feel like they'd experienced the music or art more often." The findings suggest that marketers could cope with our desire for their products by figuring out ways to distract us and keep us from fully remembering our experiences. We could also trick ourselvesinto eating less junk food by recalling the experience of a previous snack. As for kids easily bored, just tell them to forget about it-it mjght help them_have more fun.V. Translation 15%Directions: Translate the following sentences into English. using the words given in the brackets.72.比起节食,我宁愿多做运动来减肥。
2017-2018上海市上海中学高三上学期周练英语精彩试题(一)
中学高三周考II.Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to makethe passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with agiven word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.There seems never 21 (be) a civilization without toys, but when andhow they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to givechildren something to do.In the ancient world, as is today, most boys 22 (play)with some kinds of toys and most girls with others. In societies 23social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after theactivities of their fathers and girls 24 (prepare),even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adultworld.25 is remarkable about the history of toys is not somuch how they changed over the centuries but how much they haveremained the same. The changes have been mostly 26 craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology.It is the universality (普遍性) of toys with regard to their developmentin all parts of theworld and their persistence to the present 27 is amazing. InEgypt, America,China, Japan and among the Arctic (北极的) people, generally the same kindsof toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life28toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls,little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles.Because toys 29 be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been subject to technological leaps that characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways up. The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓) used by a baby in 3,000 BC to 30 used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness (独创性). Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.Section BDirections: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can beused only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.repeatedly and forwhich we are willing if necessary to pay a price. Common addictions involvealcohol cigarettes food drugs gambling etc. This article discussesthe concepts which can be31 in coping with addictive behavior.32 minor addictions such as watching too much television or lying in bed on weekend mornings are often not even considered addictions because the price paid for engaging in them is nothigh. On the other hand we tend to use the term “addict” to describe theperson who at least in the eyes of others continues to be addicted in abehavior long after it has become 33 that the substantialprice being paid was not worth the benefit.The individual who has lost career house family and friends because ofcocaine (可卡因) usebut is 34 to consider stopping is an unfortunate example.Negative addictions range from those with very minor negative consequences to those as serious as the cocaine addict just mentioned withmuch 35 in between. Although it is not 36 true that a negative addiction grows stronger over time yet a constantlevel of addictive behavior (e.g. overspending $ 200 a week ) can leadto an increasing level of negative consequences.You may be 37 to learn that addictions can also be considered positive. Positive addictions are those in which the benefits outweigh theprice. A common example would be the habit of regular exercise. The priceof membership in a gym the time involved and any clothing expense is outweighed by the benefits of better health energy self-confidence and appearance. As with negative addictions positive addictions may not getstronger over time and there is a broad 38 of how muchbenefit is actually obtained.What is common to both positive and negative addictions is the urgeto engage in the addictive behavior and the satisfaction that is 39 when the urge is acted upon. The urge is a state of 40 and expectation that is experienced uncomfortably as a desire for the substance or activity. Because we experience relief when the urge is actedupon there is an increased likelihood that we will act on the urge again.III.Readingcomprehension Section ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words orphrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrasethat best fits the context.The importance of liking people is the subject of an article in theHarvard Business.Review，which has carried out an experiment to find outwho we'd rather work with. Hardly surprisingly, the people we want mostas our workmates are both: 41 at their job anddelightful human beings. And the people we want least are both unpleasantand useless. More interestingly, the autors found that, given the choicebetween working with lovable folls and comptent jerks (性情古怪的人), weirresistibly choose the 42 . Anyway, who likes those who 43or hurt other people? We might insist that competence matters more, butour 44 shows we stay close to the people we like, sharing information with them.What companies should 45 do is get people to like eachother more. The trickhere is apparently to make sure that stuffs come across each other as oftenas possible during day. They also should be sent on bonding courses andso on to encourage friendliness and46 displeasure.47 , more outdoor-activity weekends and shared coffee machinesinspire no confidence at all. The 48 is that people either like eachother or they don’t. You can’t force it. Possibly you can make officesfridendlier by tolerating a lot of chat, but there is a49 cost to that. In my experience, the question of lovable foolagainst competent jerk may not be the right one. The two are interrelated:we tend not to like our workmates when they are completely 50 . I wasonce quite friendly with a woman whom I later worked with. I found her tobe so 51 bad at her job that I lost respect for her and ended up notreally liking her at all. Then is there anything that companies should bedoing about it?By far the most effective strategy would be to hire people who areall pretty much the same, given that 52 is one of the main determinants of whether we like each other. Ithink this is a pretty good ides, but no one 53 recommend this anymore withoutoffending the diversity lobby group (游说团体). There is only one acceptable view on this subject: teams of similar people are bad because they stop creativity. This may be true, though I have never seen any conclusive proof of it.Not only do we like similar people, we like people who like us. So if companies want to54 more liking, they should encourage a culture where we are all nice to each other. The55 is that this needs to be done with some skill.41.A. strange B. brilliant C. surprised D. absent-minded42.A. former B. latter C. majority D. minority43.A. hate B. fear C. doubt D. annoy44.A. thought B. behavior C. expression D. appearance45.A. further B. nevertheless C. therefore D. instead46.A. break down B. talk to C. pick out D. hold out47.A. besides B. Furthermore C. However D. Hence48.A. impression B. reality C. practice D. custom49.A. investment B. production C. operation D.productivity50.A. valueless B. disabled C. hopeless D. careless51.A. outstandingly B. inevitably C. hopefully D.forgetfully52.A. appearance B. effectiveness C. distinction D.similarity53.A. need B. dare C. must D. should54.A. create B. discover C. promote D. place55.A. strategy B. standard C. hope D. troubleSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.AAs a father of four, I’m concerned about how to lead my children to be good young men and women in such a turbulent time. I have studied philosophy, mysticism, and religion my entire life. They provide great lessons in responsibility and growth. However, I also recognize that, at least at this point in their lives, my children are not terribly interested in such subjects. While I was reflecting on this, I was reminded of a line in a song I had heard recently. It goes: “If you had only one chance to say something, what would it be?”That night, I found my tow oldest kids lounging on the couch watching a TV show that featured violence, cursing and even some “adult scenes”. I quietly sat on a chair next to them. I saw my boy straighten up, and my girl pretended to ignore me. I didn’t make any usual comments about the pointlessness of such programs. I didn’t even roll my eyes, although this took some effort. I simply asked:Can you tell me how this will make you a batter person?Without a word, I got up and left the room. About ten minutes later,to my surprise, the children were in their rooms doing their homework and the television was silent. Remarkable. This philosophy can change the way we live our lives. For example, whenever I feel angry and get the urge to lash out, I ask myself: “How does this acting or feeling the way I do right now make me a better person?” I began to realize that rarely did mythoughts or actions resultin self-improvement, so I made conscious effort to change my mindset and behavior.We all want to be better fathers, mothers, sons and daughters. Better workers, better leaders, better lovers...... this list goes on. Sometimes succeeding in these roles can be tough. But one question aligns us with all those duties we possess to society and ourselves: “Is this making me a better person?”Whatever I said, it worked. My daughter has begun watching nature programs instead of violent TV shows, and she decided to go to school to become a counselor. My son told me he wants to be a police officer. I’ve since thrown away all those parenting magazines and books I’ve collected over the years because I made more progress with a single question than I did with hundreds of pages of “experts” advice.56.When the writer found his kids watching inappropriate TV programs that night, he appeared .A .calm B. indifferent C. critical D.anxious57.How can this philosophy change the waywe live our lives?A.By calming ourselves down when we are angryB.By raising a question about our current action and feelingC.By helping us realize our need for self-improvementD.By providing us with new mindset and behavior58.Why did the writer throw away his parenting magazines and books?A.Because his kids had grown out of themB.Because they didn’t offer him any help.C.Because that single question was more usefulD.Because the expert advice was too muchto follow 59.The wrote this passage toA.convince teenagers of the downsides to watching TVB.introduce a life philosophy by telling a parenting storyrm the readers of how he helped hid kids set good goalsD.call on other other parents to trust themselves instead of experts.BWhen the people you know run more, you run more. And now there'sdata to prove it.A new study published today in Nature Communications of the daily-recorded exercise patterns of more than one million runners over five years shows that exercise is socially contagious. Your knowledge of what your friends are doing can and will motivate you to do more. The work marks a watershed moment in the use of detailed fitness tracking data to understand health behavior and causal behavior change."Knowing the running behaviors of your friends as shared on social networks can cause you to run farther, faster, and longer," said MIT Sloan Professor Sinan Aral, an author of "Exercise contagion in a global social network."Aral and colleague Christos Nicolaides, a postdoctoral fellow at MIT Sloan, used a data set that recorded the geographic location, social network ties, and daily running patterns of more than one million people who ran 359 million combined kilometers (223 million miles) and logged those runs digitally in a global social network of runners over five years. The data contain the daily distance, duration, pace, and calories burnedby the runners, recorded by digital fitness tracking devices. The results, said Aral, revealed "strong contagion effects.""On the same day, on average, an additional kilometer run by friends can inspire someone to run an additional three-tenths of a kilometer andan additional ten minutes run by friends can inspire someone to run three minutes longer," the authors wrote.Historically, in the context of exercise, a debate exists about whether we make upward comparisons to those performing better than ourselves or downward comparisons to those performing worse than ourselves. Comparisons to those ahead of us may motivate our own self-improvement, while comparisons to those behind us may create "competitive behavior to protect one's superiority." According to Aral, there is evidence for both trajectories in the study, but comparisons to those better than us are more powerful.Gender matters too. The contagion is most pronounced among men, with men influencing other men to run farther and faster. In this regard, men may be more competitive and, specifically, more competitive with each other. Influence among same sex pairs is strong while influence among mixed sex pairs is weaker. Both men and women influence men.However, only women influence women who have reported, in earlier studies, being more influenced by self-regulation and individual planning than by their peers.60.The word “contagious” in paragraph 2 most probably meansA.infectiousB. communicativeC. motivatedD.available61.J ack and Tom both are friends and like running. They post their runs every day on social media. According to the research, if one day Jack ran for an hour and a half and Tom an hour, them how long would Tom most probably run the next day?A.30 minutesB.63minutesC.69minutesD.90minutes62.Which runner tends to get the most powerfulinfluence?A.A man making upward comparisons to his female friends.B.A man making upward comparisons to his male friends.C.A competitive women making comparisons to her peersD.A self-regulated woman who prefer individual planningCThe study of psychology is facing a crisis. The Research Excellence Framework (the Ref) has led to a research culture which is holding back attempts to stabilize psychology in particular, and science in general. The Ref encourages universities to push for groundbreaking innovative, and exciting research in the form of 4* papers, but it does not reward theefforts of those who replicate studies.The point of replicating a study is to test whether a statistically significant result will appear again if the experiments is repeated. Of course, a similar result may not appear –casting into questions the validity of the results from the first experiment.Last year, the Open Science Collaboration attempted to replicate 100 studies from highly ranked psychological journalists. While 97% of the original studies had a statistically significant result, just 36% of the replications had the same outcome. Equally worrying: when an effect did appear, it was often much smaller than previously thought.Recent data calls into question some widely influential findings inpsychological science. These problems are not confined to psychology however – many findings published in scientific literature may actually be false.Science is supposed to be self-correcting and reproducibility is a cornerstone of the scientific method. Yet, we simply aren’t invested in replicating findings. We all want to be good researchers and understand more about how the world works. So why are we so reluctant to check our conclusions are valid?Because no incentive is provided by the system we carry out our research in. In the UK,the Ref ranks the published works of researchers according to their originality (how innovative is the research?), significance (does it have practical or commercial importance?),and rigour (is the research technically right?). Outputs are then awarded one to four stars. 4* papers are considered world-leading. The cumulative total of 3* and 4* papers determines research funding allocation and has aknock-on effect on institutional position in league tables(排名表) and therefore attractiveness to students. Obviously, the more publications the better.Worrying, many academics admit to engaging in at least one questionableresearch practice in order to achieve publication. Examples of this include: coming up with a theory after data is collected, stoppingcollecting data when an effect appears in case it disappears later, or only reporting the significant effects from collected data. Others simplyfabricate data–Dutch psychologist Diederik Stapel shockingly falsified data from more than 50 studies.The Ref completely harms our efforts to produce a reliable body of knowledge. Why? The focus on originality –publications exploring new areas of research using new paradigms,and avoiding testing well-established theories – is the exact opposite of what science needs to be doing to solve the troubling replication crisis. According to Ref standards, replicating an already published piece of work is simply uninteresting.With the next Ref submission just four years away, many researchers are effectively faced with a choice: be a good scientist, or be a successful academic who gets funding and a promotion.63.What crisis the study of psychology facing?A.The Ref has led to a revolution in not only psychology but also science.B.The universities are encouraged to generate more groundbreakingresearch.C.The Ref tends to set up a different standard for replications ofstudies.D.The Ref’s indifference to replications of studies has led to worryingeffects.64.The Ref’s focus on originality has brought about .A.a reliable body ofknowledgeB.publications exploring new areasC.tests of well-established theoriesD.uninteresting replications of studies65.We can infer from the passage that the Ref .A.is a system for assessing the quality of research in UK universitiesB.provides UK researchers with funding and job opportunitiesC.recognizes researchers’ work and adds to their attractiveness tostudentsD.is planning to change its standard before the next Ref submission66.What does the writer mean by saying “be a good scientist”?A.Contribute to the solution to the replication crisis.B.Reform the standards that have been set up by the Ref.C.Give up possible funding and promotion given by universities.D.Avoid using false research practices to test old theories.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.A.The parents’ refusal to admit these changes when the child knows themto be true makes impossible.B.Most children have such a high ideal of their parents, unless the parentsthemselves have been unsatisfactory, that it can hardly hope to stand up toa realistic evaluation.C.They may even make some unpleasant remark’s about the friends’ parents,and think of them as disloyalty.D.Today we tend to go to the other extreme, but on the whole this is ahealthier attitude both for the child and the parent.E.What the child cannot forgive is the parent’s refusal to admit thesecharges if the child knows them to be true.67F.They may even accuse them of disloyalty, or make some unpleasant remarksabout the friends’ parents.Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur (诋毁) on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enoughto let the teenagers see that they are annoyed. 67 Such a loss of dignity and a kind of childish behavior on the part of the adults deeply shocks the teenager, and makes them decide that in future they will nottalk to their parents about the place or people they visit. Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves.Disillusionment(醒悟) with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable.68 Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if theyrealized how muchbelief their children usually have in their character and correctness, and how much this faith means to a child. If parents were prepared for this teen-aged reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by offending and resisting it. The teenagers, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. 69Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating（伪装） behind anunreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too frightened to let them know how they really felt.70 It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.IV.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.71. 新任的总统因军事危机而忧心忡忡。
上海市普陀区2018届高三下学期质量调研(二模)英语试卷
普陀区2017学年第二学期高三英语质量调研英语试卷注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上3．.考试结束后保留试卷方便讲解，只交答卷1.I. Listening ComprehensionSection A 10%Directions:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. Cold. B. Sunny. C. Rainy D. Cloudy.2. A. 110 minutes. B. 120 minutes. C. 130 minutes. D. 140minutes.3. A. Shop assistant and customer. B. Boss and assistant.C. Professor and student.D. Husband and wife.4. A. In a meeting room. B. In a reference room.C. At a booking office.D. At a police station.5. A. A movie. B. A lecture. C. A play. D. A speech.6. A. The woman shouldn’t be so upset. B. He’s an hour late for the interview.C. The woman should be patient.D. He’s too nervous to calm down.7. A. The man is intelligent enough. B. The man does not work hardenough.C. The man should get some sleep.D. The man is hard-working.8. A. He doesn’t enjoy business trips as much as he used to.B. He wants to spend more time with his family.C. He doesn’t think he is capable of doing the job.D. He thinks the pay is too low to support his family.9. A. T he woman doesn’t have money for her son’s graduate studies.B. The woman doesn’t think her son will get a business degree.C. The woman insists that her son should major in science.D. The woman advises her son to think twice before making his decision.10. A. It ran into another car. B. It fell into a river and sank.C. It broke down on the road.D. It left the road and landed in afield.Section B 15%Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following recording.11. A. Noise. B. Smoking. C. Litter. D. Drinking.12. A. A tour guide. B. A conductor. C. A teacher. D. A lawyer.13. A. To prepare people for international travel.B. To make the laws of different kinds.C. To inform people of the punishment for breaking laws.D. To give advice to travelers to the country.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following recording.14. A. Conference with the course tutor. B. Active attendance and commitment.C. Punctuality and politeness.D. Debate and essay preparation.15. A. Inform the teacher in advance. B. Just do not choose the course.C. Drop out of the course.D. Make it up later16. A. One that is written by hand. B. One that is original.C. One that is revised by the tutor.D. One that keeps to the instructions. Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A. His knees and fingers ache. B. He doesn’t feel like eating.C. He can’t sleep very well.D. His blood pressure is high.18. A. She asks him to have injections and a treatment with rays.B. She asks him to have an operation and a treatment with rays.C. She asks him to have a good rest and a treatment with rays.D. She asks him to have some herbal medicine and a treatment with rays.19. A. Every day for seven weeks. B. Three times a week for seven weeks.C. Three times a week for three weeks.D. Twenty times for two weeks.20. A. Use hot water pads. B. Sit by the stove.C. Drink cold water.D. Take cold baths.II. Grammar and vocabularySection A 10%Directions:After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Jim ThompsonJim Thompson’s life story is one of success, achievement, and finally myst ery because no one knows how it ended.Thompson was born in Delaware (21) _____ the east coast of the United States in 1906. After finishing high school, Thompson went to Princeton University and later studied architecture at the University of Pennsylvania. After graduation, Jim Thompson worked as an architect in New York City until 1940. Not long after this, he volunteered (22) _____ (serve) in the U.S. Army. During World War II, Thompson gathered intelligence for the army in Thailand. It was this first taste of life in the Far East (23) _____ changed Thompson’s life. He saw opportunities to develop tourism there, becoming (24) _____ (involve) in an ambitious scheme to restore the Oriental Hotel.While the hotel plan fell through, by that time Thompson had hit upon another scheme that would eventually make him a millionaire. While traveling around Thailand, he came across (25) _____ he considered exquisite (精美的) samples of handwoven Thai silk, a product that (26) _____ (become) rare. He persuaded the weavers to work with him and marketed the silk in New York, (27) _____ it became very popular. As a consequence, the Thai silk industry was revived (复兴) and the business made Thompson and some of the weavers very wealthy.With his success in the silk business, Jim Thompson continued his original interest in architecture on the side. He found six traditional Thai houses and had (28) _____ brought to Bangkok and reassembled there as one magnificent house. Today, not only is it a beautiful house inside and out, (29) _____ it is also filled with the works of art Thompson collected.In 1967 during a holiday in Malaysia, he went for a walk in the Jungle and disappeared forever. To this day, no clues (30) _____ (find) as to what happened tothis wealthy American businessman who is credited with single–handedly reviving the Thai silk industry.Section B 10%Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Mentally and Intellectually HarmfulLast month, the Indian Medical Association declared a public health emergency in New Delhi because of high levels of air pollution. Schools were shut and emergency traffic restrictions put in place.New Delhi is far from alone. Our research into the __31__ of air pollution in China shows that, in addition to the more obvious physical price, air pollution can also have serious negative effects on mental health and cognition (认知), __32__ reducing a person’s happiness and their scores in verbal and mathematical tests.Such harmful mental effects have serious negative consequences for livelihoods and human capital development, suggesting that development __33__ should go beyond the traditional focus of boosting GDP in the developing world.India’s recent pollution emergency is the most __34__ incidence (发生率) of dangerous air pollution, but smoggy skies have been a cause of growing __35__ in most developing countries.Major cities across the developing world — from Thailand, to Brazil, to Nigeria —__36__ experience pollution at several times the WHO safe limits. In fact, 98% of cities with more than 100,000 __37__ in low and middle-income countries fail to meet the WHO’s air quality guidelines.India’s extreme levels of air pollution are well recognized, and examining the effects provides clear warnings for other countries seeking fast growth through rapid industrialization.We used nationally __38__ longitudinal (纵向) surveys on mental health and cognition, matched with daily air quality data for the time and place of interviews, to see what pollution does in a given time to individual happiness and cognitive performance. Because each person in our survey was __39__ multiple times, we can control for the effect of individual characteristics on the outcome variables.We found that worsening air quality led to a decrease in happiness that day __40__ to about 10 percent of the reduced happiness one would experience from a negative major life event such as divorce.III. Reading ComprehensionSection A 15%Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B,C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Globalization: Good or Bad?Globalization is defined in many ways. One simple __41__ is that it is the rapid increase in international free trade, investment, and technological exchange. It is argued that this international trade has been one of the main causes of world economic __42__ over the past half century. Although there is little doubt that the global economy has developed enormously in the last 50 years, some people believe that this trend has only benefited certain countries, and that others have suffered as a result.Improved income?An argument __43__ globalization is that the benefits of increased international trade are shared among everyone in the country. An example of this is China, where per capita income (人均收入) rose from about $1400 in 1980 to over $4000 by 2000. __44__, per capita income rose by over 100% in India between 1980 and 1996. It would appear that countries which open their doors to world trade tend to become __45__.However, these sorts of __46__ might not be giving a true picture. They are “average”, and despite the fact that there has been a substantial increase in income for a small minority of people, the vast majority have only seen a __47__ improvement.More imports, more exportsSupporters of free trade point out that there is another direct benefit to be gained from an increase in international trade: exports __48__ imports. Take coffee as an example. Countries which produce and export coffee import the packaging for it: a(n) __49__ trade which enables commerce to develop in two countries at the same time.__50__ maintain that, in general, it is poorer countries that produce and export food such as coffee, and richer countries that produce and export manufactured goods such as packaging materials. Furthermore, it is the richer countries that control the price of goods and, __51__, farmers may be forced to sell their produce at a low price and to buy manufactured goods at a high price.__52__ developmentFinally, globalization often __53__ a country to concentrate on industries which are already successful. These countries develop expertise (专门技能) and increase their share in the international market. On the other hand, those countries which __54__ to support all their industries usually do not develop expertise in any one. Consequently, these countries do not find a world market for their goods and do not increase their gross domestic product (GDP).Anti-globalists claim that there is a serious problem in this argument for the __55__ of industry. Countries which only concentrate on one or two main industries are forced to import other goods. These imported goods are frequently overpriced, and these countries, therefore, have a tendency to accumulate huge debts.41. A. indication B. principle C. definition D. factor42. A. systems B. solution C. crisis D. growth43. A. in favor of B. on account of C. with regard to D. in honour of44. A. Fortunately B. Similarly C. Undoubtedly D. Unusually45. A. freer B. greater C. stronger D. wealthier46. A. figures B. descriptions C. countries D. benefits47. A. severe B. slight C. further D. general48. A. overtake B. qualify C. fight D. require49. A. two-way B. all-inclusive C. official D. legal50. A. Supporters B. Advocates C. Critics D. Authorities51. A. otherwise B. nevertheless C. therefore D. besides52. A. Global B. Industrial C. National D. Economical53. A. encourages B. restricts C. forbids D. forces54. A. stop B. continue C. fail D. refuse55. A. globalization B. transformation C. specialization D. identificationSection B 22%Directions:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The Harlem RenaissanceThe word “renaissance” means “rebirth.” The Harlem Renaissance took place during the 1920s. It was a time when the African American artistic community grew and flourished, producing a ton of work in a short period of time. The work celebrated African American culture and spoke to their experiences as minorities —both the good parts and the bad parts.After the Civil War, many African Americans left the South to escape unfair treatment and laws that discriminated against them. Between 1910 and 1920, massive numbers of black Southerners moved from the rural south into the urban North and West in the Great Migration. The African American population of Chicago more than doubled during that time! And in New York, African Americans flocked to uptown Manhattan, settling in a neighborhood called Harlem. Forming a community within the big city let African Americans keep their cultural identity in a white-dominated society. It was a good thing, and a lot of important cultural issues were brought to light during the Harlem Renaissance. One of the most important figures of the time was the African American writer, W.E.B. Du Bois. In his book, The Souls of Black Folk, in 1903, Du Bois wrote that African Americans suffered from something called “double consciousness”. They had their own self-image while they saw themselves through the eyes of white Americans. And performers like Josephine Baker and Paul Robeson brought African American culture to all New Yorkers. The Renaissance was so influential that “Harlem” grew into so mething of a brand name.African Americans were pushing boundaries across all aspects of society. Black businesses began to flourish, creating a growing middle class, like Madame C.J. Walker, who turned her cosmetics line into a million dollar empire. All together, the artists, and thinkers of this period helped mobilize the larger black population. Young African-Americans took advantage of improved access to higher education. This opened up new career paths and opportunities to attain advanced degrees. Perhaps most importantly, people — black and white — began the push for racial integration, planting the seeds of what would eventually become the civil rights movement of the 1960s.56. Why did many African Americans leave the South after the Civil War?A. To escape slavery.B. To find jobs in agriculture.C. To avoid racial discrimination.D. To gain citizenship.57. How did W.E.B. Du Bois contribute to the Harlem Renaissance?A. He led to movement to return to Africa.B. He composed folk music based on African American theme.C. He wrote plays about the African-American experience.D. He wrote about the struggle for African-American identity.58. What can you infer about the economic status of African Americans prior to the HarlemRenaissance?A. Nearly all were unemployed at that time.B. The vast majority were considered lower class.C. Most were regarded as middle class.D. A large percentage were recognized as wealthy.59. What factor allowed many more African Americans to pursue careers in fields like medicine andlaw?A. Spread of black businesses.B. Access to higher education.C. Shift from agriculture to industry.D. Push for unity among all Africans.(B)60. A traveler will enjoy a performance if he chooses _______.A. the Essential TourB. the Backstage TourC. Opera High TeaD. any of the tours61. Joining the Backstage Tour, a traveler _______.A. is allowed to wear sneakers when standing on the stageB. will have an opportunity to be the conductor of the orchestraC. can take his big family of 8 members to free breakfastD. can buy the discount ticket the day before the tour62. If a couple who travelled with their 17-year-old son joined the Essential Tour andhad a meal of $150 there, what would the lowest cost be if paid in cash?A. $203.25.B. $214.5.C. $225.D. 239.25.(C)A sensational new scientific discovery in the ocean near Australia may explain the most massive extinction of living things in Earth’s history. For years, scholars have been frustrated in trying to analyze why 90 to 95 percent of sea life and 75 percent of land life vanished about 250 million years ago. The extinctions were so enormous that they are called The Great Dying. To date, some authorities on ancient life thought that a volcanic eruption or a sudden change in the environment affected all life on Earth. Other specialists have doubted these theories, maintaining that it was not plausible that a solo volcano could bring about such chaos. From the outset, critics believed these claims were exaggerated.By contrast, there is wide acceptance of the idea that a meteor (流星) which hit Mexico’s Yucatan peninsula 65 million years ago was the primary cause of the dinosaurs’ extinction. Nevertheless, until now they had no evidenc e of an intense meteor impact 185 million years earlier. Now they do.American geologists have been examining rock samples from a deep sea crater (火山口) near the northwest coast of Australia. The samples were initially collected and preserved by petroleum technicians seeking oil. Now the geologists and their colleagues believe that the precise splits in the rocks’ structure show a typical pattern for meteors. There is a clear distinction from volcanic patterns. In fact, a spokesperson went so far as to say that these rocks completely revise the way scientists perceive the mass extinctions from the ancient era. Academics say that the meteor’s crater is the size of Mount Qomolangma, the highest mountain on Earth! Literally, the meteor made a mark on Earth as it drowned in the sea. The Earth could not absorb such a harsh blow without sustaining global devastation. Things must have come to a standstill. Evidently, the blow was fatal for many forms of life.Bear in mind that all this was long before mammals—including humans—emerged in Earth’s history. Still, we would be wise to pay attention to the damage a meteor can cause. Fortunately, meteor strikes on Earth are few and far between.63. The word “plausible” (paragraph 1) is closest in meaning to “______”.A. availableB. incredibleC. reasonableD. ridiculous64. Why didn’t the meteor affect human beings?A. Because they were very resistant.B. Because there weren’t any then.C. Because they lived in isolated areas.D. Because they hid themselves in the caves.65. Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?A. Scholars agreed that a single volcano caused The Great Dying.B. 75 percent of land life continued 250 million years ago.C. Volcanic rocks and meteors have different patterns.D. When the meteor hit land, Mount Qomolangma sprang up.66. What is the best title for the passage?A. The Dinosaurs’ End.B. Crater on Qomolangma.C. Contradictory Claims.D. A Meteor’s Impact.Section C 8%Directions:Read the passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Blind imitation is self-destruction. To those who do not recognize their unique worth, imitation appears attractive; to those who know their strength, imitation is unacceptable.In the early stages of skill or character development, imitation is helpful. When I first learned to cook, I used recipes and turned out some tasty dishes. But soon I grew bored. ______67______Imitating role models is like using tr aining wheels on a child’s bicycle; they help you get going, but once you find your own balance, you fly faster and farther without relying on them.______68______ If, as a child, you observed people whose lives were bad, you may have accepted their fear and pain as normal and gone on to follow what they did. If you do not make strong choices for yourself, you will get the results of theweak choices of others.In the field of entertainment, our culture glorifies celebrities. Those stars look great on screen. But when they step off screen, their personal lives may be disastrous. ______69______Blessed is the person willing to act on their sudden desire to create something unique. Think of the movies, books, teachers, and friends that have affected you most deeply. They touched you because their creations were motivated by inspiration, not desperation. The world is changed not by those who do what has been done before them, but by those who do what has been done inside them. ______70______ The problem a creator faces is not running out of material; it is what to do with the material knocking at the door of imagination.Study your role models, accept the gifts they have given, and leave behind what does not serve you. Then you can say, “I stand on the shoulders of my ancestors’ tragedies and declare victory, and know that they are cheering me on.”IV. Summary Writing 10%Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Better Memory Causes BoredomA new study shows that the better your short-term memory, the faster you feel fed up and decide you’ve had enough. The findings appear in the Journal of Consumer Research.Noelle Nelson, assistant professor of marketing and consumer behavior at the University of Kansas School of Business. She and her colleague Joseph Redden at the University of Minnesota tried to think outside the lunch box. “Something that was interesting to me is that some people get tired of things at very different rates. When you think about pop songs on the radio, some people must still be enjoying them and requesting them even after hearing them a lot. But a lot of other people are really sick of those same songs.” The difference, th e researchers supposed, might have to do with memories of past consumption.The researchers tested the memory capacity of undergraduates. The students then viewed a repeating series of three classic paintings…like The Starry Night, American Gothic, and The Scream…or listened and re-listened to a series of three pop songs…or three pieces of classical music. Throughout the test, the participants were asked to rate their experience on a scale of zero to ten. And the better a participant scored in the memory test, the faster they got bored.“We found that people with larger capacities remembered more about the music or art, which led to them getting tired of the music or art more quickly. So remembering more details actually made the participants feel like they’d experienced the music or art more often.” The findings suggest that marketers could cope with our desire for their products by figuring out ways to distract us and keep us from fully remembering our experiences. We could also trick ourselves into eating less junk food by recalling the experience of a previous snack. As for kids easily bored, just tell them to forget about it—it might help them have more fun.V. Translation 15%Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.比起节食，我宁愿多做运动来减肥。
精品解析：上海市普陀区2018学年第二学期高三质量调研英语试卷(解析版)
普陀区2018学年第二学期高三英语质量调研英语试卷考生注意:1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。
所有答题必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上, 在答题纸反面清楚地填写姓名。
I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. A new movie.B. A roommate.C. A new game.D. A new watch.【答案】C【解析】【详解】W: My roommate always plays my new game, but I told her to buy one for herself.M: Yeah, my roommate likes to watch me play. He says it’s like watching a movie.Q: What are the speakers talking about?2.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. Researcher.B. Experimenter.C. Shop assistant.D. Makeup artist.【答案】C【解析】【详解】M: I’d like to buy a bottle of hair conditioner. Can you recommend some kinds?W: Sure. What kind of hair do you have?Q: What’s the woman’s probable job?3.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. He agrees with the woman.B. The team performs well.C. He knows little about the team.D. The team is playing worse.【答案】D【解析】【详解】W: I think our school football team’s got a good opportunity of winning the championship this semester. M: What? Are you kidding? Don’t you see them play recently?Q: What does the man imply?4.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. John hasn’t finished his paper.B. John has many new ideas in the paper.C. Mary isn’t satisfied with John’s paper.D. Mary should have polished the paper.【答案】B【解析】【详解】M: I’ve just finished my paper, Mary. Can you polish it for me before I hand it in？W: Sure, let me take a look. Oh, John, it’s great! Your ideas are so original.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?5.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. He had a holiday with his family long ago.B. He hasn’t seen his family for a long time.C. He wants to have a long holiday with his family.D. He wasn’t satisfied with his holiday.【答案】A【解析】【详解】W: Will you spend the summer vacation with your family, Tom?M: Yes. It’s been a long time since I was on vacation with my parents.Q: What does the man imply?6.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. Linda is dressed in yellow.B. John closes the door.C. Linda walks to the ATM.D. John may need some cash. 【答案】D【解析】【详解】M: Linda, where’s the closest ATM?W: It’s not that far, John. Can you see that yellow door of the building over there?Q: What can we learn from the conversation?7.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. She came late.B. She came earlier.C. He has cleaned the house.D. He needn’t clean the house.【答案】B【解析】【详解】W: What a mess your apartment is!M: I know, I didn’t have time to put things away before you got here.Q: What does the man imply?8.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. They haven’t enough money.B. Her husband didn’t want to move.C. She likes her old house.D. They never thought of moving.【答案】A【解析】【详解】M: Have you thought of moving, Sarah?W: We’ve thought about it, but my husband and I can’t afford it right now. The only thing we could afford wou ld be living in the old house.Q: What does the woman imply?9.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. No one goes out on weekends.B. People couldn’t bear the heat.C. The traffic condition has improved.D. The road here is being repaired.【答案】B【解析】【详解】W: Wow! What’s the h old up?M: It’s probably just people trying to get an early start out of the city for the weekend. Nobody sticks around in the summer.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?10.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】A. The woman doesn’t like rock musicB. The man likes all kinds of music.C. The woman likes all kinds of music.D. The man isn’t interested in rock music.【答案】D【解析】【详解】M: Frankly, many kinds of music fascinate me, but rock music leaves me cold. What about you?W: I’m crazy about it.Q: What can we learn from the conversation?Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions are based on the following recording.【此处有音频，请去附件查看】11.A. Friends are in the same college.B. The college website is very attractive.C. The food in the college cafeteria tastes good.D. Many factors need to be considered.12.A. No one cares about what happens in the college.B. Finding the right college takes time and thought.C. The information on the website is very useful.D. Making a speech in the college will do you good.13.A. The way students choose a college.B. The way students study in the college.C. The way students talk with professors.D. The way students work in the community.【答案】11. D 12. B 13. A【解析】Maybe college is chosen because your friend is going there, or because of its ranking on the list, and you do not consider who you are and who you will be. Remember, college is not a prize. It takes time and consideration to find the right college.Visiting the college website to find out what happened, who visited as a guest speaker, and how to maintain contactwith existing students and teachers, can be good ways for you to choose your favorite college. It’s also a good wa y to decide if you want to spend your time and money on a visit. Check the college’s website to find out who the admission officers are in your area and send them an email, asking for more information. Making contact with the college students in your area, or identifying students with similar interests will do you good.When you visit the college, try to sit down in class, eat in a cafeteria, and hang out in a student center or other busy areas. This will help you imagine that you are part of the community. Ask a few students if they will make the same college choice if they have to do it again. Go back to the first item on the list when you consider the information you have collected about the college. You’ll have a lot of options!Questions:Which of the following is true when you choose a college?Why does the speaker say “College is not a prize.”?What’s the main idea of the passage?【11题详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
2017-2018学年上海市普陀区曹二高三英语周测ireader
曹杨二中高三英语周测试卷ireader18019II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passa6e coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.I miss the smell of my son's hairYears ago I remember a school experiment where we wore blindfolds to pretend to be blind and, on another occasion, wearing headphones to experience being deaf. However, I don't remember (1) (talk) about not having a sense of smell. In fact, I wasn't aware that somepeople couldn't smell (2)_ I met Max Christian. Max is a congenital anosmic--which means hewas born without a sense of smell. This condition (3) (call) anosmia. And in the US alonethere are over two million people who have it. Some were born that way, but most developed it as a result of an illness of injury.One of the worst implications of having no sense of smell is a significant loss of taste. The taste of food is a combination of sensations from your tongue and, much more importantly, the smell of gases from (4)you are chewing. "Water, apple juice, onion juice. Never (5) I tellthe difference between them!" Max admits.Day-to-day life also gets a lot more dangerous without the warnings (6) (provide) by asense of smell. Think of the times you've left something on the oven for too long. The first sign of what an anosmic gets is the smoke. And have you ever checked the freshness of milk by smelling it? “ I ' ve been off work sick countless times (7) food poisoning," says another sufferer.Congenital anosmics are often quite practical about then sense of smell. (8) they ' ve neverhad one, they can ' t miss it. But for some, especially those who have developed anosmia later in life, the effect can be very upsetting and lead to serious depression. "I miss the smell of my son's hair, the smell of roses... and even snow," says the personal account of a woman (9) hued injury lefther an anosmic. "I feel like not smelling has left me (10) (miss) a part of life that everyone elsetakes for granted." 【参考答案】1. talking ;2. until;3. is called;4. what ;5. can;6. provided;7. because of;8. Since;9. whose;10. missing 【分析】1. remember doing 记得做过某事2. 结合上下句，考察not...until... 结构：“直到⋯⋯才⋯⋯”不能够 ”区分所以用 can ， Never 否定词放句首句子部分倒装。
2018上海普陀高三英语二模答案
2018上海普陀高三英语二模答案1、( ) ----Would you like___ tea? ----No, thanks. I have drunk two____. [单选题] *A. any, bottles of orangeB. some, bottles of orange(正确答案)C. many, bottles of orangesD. few, bottle of oranges2、It is important for us _______ English well. [单选题] *A. learnB. learningC. to learn(正确答案)D. learned3、Was（）that I saw last night at the concert? [单选题] *A. it you(正确答案)B. not youC. youD. that yourself4、98．There is a post office ______ the fruit shop and the hospital. [单选题] *A．atB．withC．between(正确答案)D．among5、Patrick bought her two handbags as gifts,but _____ of them was her style. [单选题] *A. eitherB. noneC. neither(正确答案)D. all6、Jack would rather spend time complaining than_____the problem by himself. [单选题] *A.solve(正确答案)B.solvedC.solvesD.to solve7、On Mother’s Day, Cathy made a beautiful card as a ______ for her mother. [单选题] *A. taskB. secretC. gift(正确答案)D. work8、For more information, please _______ us as soon as possible. [单选题] *A. confidentB. confidenceC. contact(正确答案)D. concert9、I like dancing, ______ I can join the Dancing Club.（）[单选题] *A. becauseB. so(正确答案)C. andD. but10、I?have to?_______ my younger brother on Sunday. [单选题] *A. look after(正确答案)B. look upC. take careD. look out11、He didn't allow _____ in his room. Actually he didn't allow his family _____ at all. [单选题] *A. to smoke; to smokeB. smoking; to smoke(正确答案)C. to smoke; smokingD. smoking; smoking12、I don’t like playing chess. It is _______. [单选题] *A. interestingB. interestedC. boring(正确答案)D. bored13、28．—Where is Fujian Province?—It’s ________ the southeast of China. [单选题] * A．in (正确答案)B．onC．toD．at14、The man lost his camera and he ______ it now.（）[单选题] *A. foundB. is findingC. is looking forD. looks for(正确答案)15、36．The students will go to the Summer Palace if it __________ tomorrow. [单选题] * A．won’t rainB．isn’t rainingC．doesn’t rain (正确答案)D．isn’t rain16、He always found it hard to satisfy himself. [单选题] *A. 控制B. 满足(正确答案)C. 了解D. 批评17、18．Monica wants to be a _______. She is good at sports and she loves teaching others. [单选题] *A．coach(正确答案)B．secretaryC．architectD．waiter18、_____, Martin can reach the branch of that tall tree at the gate. [单选题] *A. As a short manB. Being shortC. As he is shortD. Short as he is(正确答案)19、--I can’t watch TV after school.--I can’t, _______. [单选题] *A. alsoB. tooC. either(正确答案)D. so20、If you do the same thing for a long time, you'll be tired of it. [单选题] *A. 试图B. 努力C. 厌倦(正确答案)D. 熟练21、I usually do some ____ on Sundays. [单选题] *A. cleaningsB. cleaning(正确答案)C. cleansD. clean22、The sun disappeared behind the clouds. [单选题] *A. 出现B. 悬挂C. 盛开D. 消失(正确答案)23、The house is well decorated _____ the disarrangement of a few photos. [单选题] *A. exceptB. besidesC. except for(正确答案)D. in addition to24、It is reported（）three people were badly injured in the traffic accident. [单选题] *A. whichB. that(正确答案)C.whileD.what25、He’s so careless that he always _______ his school things at home. [单选题] *A. forgetsB. leaves(正确答案)C. putsD. buys26、Will you see to（）that the flowers are well protected during the rainy season? [单选题] *A. it(正确答案)B. meC. oneD. yourself27、Every morning John takes a（）to his office. [单选题] *A. 20-minutes' walkB. 20 minute ' walkC. 20-minutes walkD. 20-minute walk(正确答案)28、I hope Tom will arrive _______ to attend the meeting. [单选题] *A. in timesB. on time(正确答案)C. at timesD. from time to time29、( ) The salesgirls in Xiushui Market have set a good example______us in learning English. [单选题] *A. to(正确答案)B. forC. withD. on30、75．As a student in Senior Three, I must work hard．（）, I should take exercise to strengthen my body．[单选题] *A.OtherwiseB.Meanwhile(正确答案)C.ThereforeD.Thus。
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曹杨二中高三英语周测试卷ireader18019II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passa6e coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.I miss the smell of my son's hairYears ago I remember a school experiment where we wore blindfolds to pretend to be blind and, on another occasion, wearing headphones to experience being deaf. However, I don't remember (1) (talk) about not having a sense of smell. In fact, I wasn't aware that somepeople couldn't smell (2)_ I met Max Christian. Max is a congenital anosmic--which means he was born without a sense of smell. This condition (3) (call) anosmia. And in the US alone there are over two million people who have it. Some were born that way, but most developed it as a result of an illness of injury.One of the worst implications of having no sense of smell is a significant loss of taste. The taste of food is a combination of sensations from your tongue and, much more importantly, the smell of gases from (4) you are chewing. "Water, apple juice, onion juice. Never (5) I tell the difference between them!" Max admits.Day-to-day life also gets a lot more dangerous without the warnings (6) (provide) by a sense of smell. Think of the times you've left something on the oven for too long. The first sign of what an anosmic gets is the smoke. And have you ever checked the freshness of milk by smelling it? “I’ve been off work sick countless times (7)food poisoning," says another sufferer.Congenital anosmics are often quite practical about then sense of smell. (8) they’ve never had one, they can’t miss it. But for some, especially those who have developed anosmia later in life, the effect can be very upsetting and lead to serious depression. "I miss the smell of my son's hair, the smell of roses... and even snow," says the personal account of a woman (9) hued injury left her an anosmic. "I feel like not smelling has left me (10) (miss) a part of life that everyone else takes for granted."【参考答案】1.talking ;2. until;3. is called;4. what ;5. can;6. provided;7. because of;8. Since;9. whose; 10.missing【分析】1.remember doing记得做过某事2.结合上下句，考察not...until...结构：“直到……才……”3.考察及物动词的被动语态，call sth sth“称……为……”4.from的宾语从句，连接词what在从句中充当chew的宾语5.考察情态动词和倒装，我“不能够”区分所以用can，Never否定词放句首句子部分倒装。
6.考察分词作定语，警告是“被提供”所以用过去分词7.前后为因果关系，故用because of8.Since的用法考察，since引导原因状语从句表“既然”9.定语从句关系词的考察，先行词在句中当定语故用whose10.动词+宾语+宾补的形式，现在分词当宾补表“一直做”Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Deadly virus approaches tigersIndia’s most important tiger-conservation body is to investigate growing concern that Asia’s wild tigers are 1 to a deadly new disease.The National Tiger Conservation Authority is to fund a study of Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) in six of the most important areas for species, which could confirm a problem that a few experts have 2 for a number of years.There have been 3 of CDV in wild tigers in other parts of their range. Conservationists working in the Russian Far East believe it has affected Amur tigers there since 2004.According to Dr Dale Miquelle of the Wildlife Conservation Society, a number of tigers were either killed or seriously affected by, a disease that was probably CDV in 2010. And the Sikhote-Alin Biosphere Reserve has reported a(n) 4 decline in tiger numbers.CDV may also exist in the tiger population in Sumatra, where animals have been reported to be behaving 5 and losing their fear of humans.Dr John Lewis, of the British charity Wildlife Vets International, is helping the Sumatran 6 to fight the risk by training local vets in what he calls “the world’s first tiger-disease monitoring programme.”Lewis also believes that the way CDV changes behavior could be a factor where tiger-human 7 are an issue.This could be true of the Sundarbans, a large area shared by India and Bangladesh where man-eating is spreading. Lewis hopes to begin monitoring there soon.Perhaps we should not be surprised that tigers are 8 with CDV. In 2004, it killed 1,000 lions in the Serengeti in Tanzania, and as wildlife reserves are 9 surrounded by people with dogs, the problem is only likely to get worse.Bus as Miquelle told BBC Wildlife: “Very few people are aware of the potential threat, let alone looking for it, even if it is 10 in the system.” At least now they are.【参考答案】1.I2. J3. G4. E5. F6. A7. B8. D9. C 10. H【分析】1.短语be subjected to...表“受到，经受”2.根据前文“confirm a problem”推断出这是“猜测”，expected3.outbreaks“爆发”,CDV的爆发4.副词空，E更符合语境，“看不见地”invisibly5.副词空，F意为“怪异地”6.名词空，A意为“官方，当局”7.名词空，虎人矛盾，tiger-human conflicts8.be infected with，“感染”9.副词空，C意为“越来越多地”10.H选项present意为“现在的，出席的”，即“存在于系统中”III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.When Vivek Sodera, 30, awoke with a swollen knee after a night out with friends, he knew he should probably see a doctor. 1 was, “I couldn’t remove from my sofa, and I didn’t want t o pay for cabs to and from the hospital,” says the San Francisco-based entrepreneur.So Sodera grabbed his phone and opened Doctor on Demand, a new app that allows users to video chat with doctors to get ____2____ help in real time. He typed in his symptoms, got paired with a nearby ____3____ and sent him a few photos of his knee. Within minutes, the doctor informed Sodera that he likely ___4____ his knee and would need an MRI—which he scheduled for the following week.___5____ reserved mostly for expensive private practices or rural communities that lack access to health care, telemedicine is becoming increasingly mainstream, ____6____ apps like Doctor on Demand, which is backed by Dr.Phil, and HealthTap, which attracts more than 1 million users.For patients, telemedicine apps are a ___7___, easy alternative to nonemergency consultations. Asking text-based questions on HealthTap and AskMD is free, and a 15-munute appointment via Doctor on Demand costs 40(roughly the same as a regular co-pay, except it doesn’t require insurance). For ___8___ , the apps are a tool to build a public image, attract new patients and make a little extra cash during their downtime. And for hospitals and other medical care providers they’re a means to streamline care for existing pa tients. As Murray Aitken, executive director of the health care consultancy IMS Institute, puts it, “We are going to see a major___9___ in how medicine is practiced and where.”But there are ___10____. Although telemedicine apps can be useful for diagnosing___11___ illnesses like the flu and assessing minor injuries like Sodera’s dislocated knee, they’re not meant to___12___ replace in-person doctor’s exams---especially for potentially serious ailments like chest pain. It’s also not ____13____ to get prescr iptions(处方) from a doctor who doesn’t have your electronic medical-record history on hand.The key, says Aitken, is striking a balance----and using telemedicine to replace ___14____ visits. “if there is a way to keep healthy patients out of the doctor’s office through telemedicine,” he says, “that’s s ___15___ thing.”1. A. Reason B. Solution C. Suggestion D. Problem2. A. financial B. medical C. artificial D. mental3. A. hospital B. specialist C. drugstore D. friend4. A. dislocated B. twisted C. bent D. squeezed5. A. Previously B. Objectively C. Strictly D. Effectively6. A. for the sake of B. regardless of C. thanks to D. in addition to7. A.safe B. healthy C. clear D. cheap8. A.researchers B. clinics C. doctors D. sufferers9. A.threat B. shift C. role D. factor10. A. examples B. differences C. concerns D. choices11. A. severe B. major C. related D. routine12. A. totally B. obviously C. economically D.continuously13. A. common B. ideal C. surprising D. essential14. A. personal B. frequent C. unnecessary D. irregular15. A. recent B. real C. small D. good【答案】1—15 DBBAA CDCBC DABCD【分析】1. 后文中的不能离开沙发，不想付去医院的出租车费，都是problem的具体表现2. 文中中心讲的的是看病3. 后文说发一些照片给他，故一定是指人4. dislocate使关节脱位5. 由reserve预定可知是先前的6. 由于这类app7. cheap，easy都是这类app的好处8. 树立公众形象，都是从医生的角度来讲的9. shift转换，等同于change，强调现在和过去的一种变化10. 这类app有利有弊，故也存在着一些concern担忧11.. routine日常的，对应后面的感冒12. totally等同于completely13. . ideal完美的14. unnecessary不必要的15. 对应前文的弊端，总而言之它仍是好的Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Wemmick’s house was a little wooden cottage in the middle of a large garden. The top of the house had been built and painted like a battery loaded with guns. I said I really liked it.I think Wemmick's house was the tiniest I had ever seen. It had very few windows, and the door was almost too small to get in.“Look, ' said Wemmick, ' after I have crossed this bridge, I raise it so that nobody can enterthe Castle.’The bridge was a narrow wooden board, and it crossed a gap about four feet wide and two deep. But I enjoyed seeing the smile on Wemmick's face and the pride with which he raised his bridge. The gun on the roof of the house, he told me, was fired every night at nine o'clock. I later heard it. Admittedly, it made an impressive sound.At the back, he said, 'there are birds and rabbits. I’ve also got my own little vegetable garden, and I grow cucumbers. Wait until supper and you’ll see for yourself what kind of salad I can make. If the Castle is ev er attacked, I will be able to hold out for quite a while,’ he said with a smile, but at the same time seriously.He led me to a little leafy shelter which was only a few metres away, but the path that led to it was so winding that it took us quite a while to get there. It was here that our glasses were set out. Our drink of punch( 潘趣酒)was cooling in an decorative pond, on whose bank the shelter was built. The pond had a small island in the middle, where Wemmick had built a fountain 'I am my own engineer, my own carpenter, my own plumber and my own gardener. I am my own Jack of all Traders, said Wemmick, acknowledging my compliment.1. What was my first impression of Wemmick’s house?A. Its garden was impressiveB. It was ridiculousC. Its door was closedD. It was small2. Why had Wemmick built the bridge?A. For decorative purposesB. For defensive purposesC. To fascinate visitorsD. To feel safe from bad weather3. I at the sight of the pond and the fountainA. decided to say nothingB. told Wemmick I liked itC. thought they were too strangeD. admired Wemmick for his taste4. The passage is intended toA. introduce Wemmick to readersB. show readers "I" was a natured personC. narrate "my" visit to Wemmick’s houseD. reveal to readers that "I" had good manners【答案】DBBC【分析】1.细节理解题。