四川大学华西医学院急诊医学2015--2016年考博真题

合集下载

2016年医博士试题及答案

2016年医博士试题及答案

一1、《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》和《艾滋病防治条例》1.国家对传染病管理的方针是(20)答案不确定A、预防为主B、防治结合C、分类管理、依靠科学D、依靠群众E、以上都是2.在艾滋病防控工作当中,下列哪些是属于违法行为(20)答案不确定A、未履行艾滋病监测职责的B、未按照规定免费提供咨询和初筛检测的C、对临时应急采集的血液未进行艾滋病检测,对临床用血艾滋病检测结果未进行核查,或者将艾滋病检测阳性的血液用于临床的 D、未遵守标准防护原则,或者未执行操作规程和消毒管理制度,发生艾滋病医院感染或者医源性感染的E、以上都是3.《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》规定的乙类传染病有多少种(20)答案不确定A、2种B、26种C、11种D、23种E、15种4.目前使用的《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》是在哪年进行的最后修订(20)答案不确定A、1989B、2004C、2010D、2013E、20145.国家对艾滋病患者的救助措施有哪些(20)答案不确定A、向农村艾滋病病人和城镇经济困难的艾滋病病人免费提供抗艾滋病病毒治疗药品B、对农村和城镇经济困难的艾滋病病毒感染者、艾滋病病人适当减免抗机会性感染治疗药品的费用C、向接受艾滋病咨询、检测的人员免费提供咨询和初筛检测D、向感染艾滋病病毒的孕产妇免费提供预防艾滋病母婴传播的治疗和咨E、以上都是2、传染病及突发公共卫生事件上报及处理流程(一)A、发现患者至患者痊愈B、最后接触患者日至该病最长潜伏期C、21天D、3个月E、最早接触患者日至该病最长潜伏期2.按照甲类传染病管理的传染病包括(20)答案不确定A、肺炭疽B、鼠疫C、霍乱D、人感染高致病性禽流感E、以上都是3.下列哪种方式,是提高易感人群特异性免疫力的措施(20)答案不确定A、增加锻炼B、接种预防该病的疫苗C、接种丙种球蛋白D、预防性服药E、以上都不是4.乙类传染病上报时限是(20)答案不确定A、2小时B、6小时C、12小时D、24小时E、48小时5.传染病患者的管理原则是(20)答案不确定A、早发现B、早诊断C、早报告D、早隔离E、以上都是1.下列哪些属于突发公共卫生事件(20)答案不确定A、甲类法定传染病在某地首次出现B、医院感染事件C、生物恐怖事件D、各类食物中毒E、以上都是2.消毒剂溶液喷雾消毒法适用于(20)答案不确定A、空气B、被褥C、排泄物D、水E、以上都不是3.突发公共卫生事件分()级(20)答案不确定A、5B、4C、3D、6E、84.突发公共卫生事件Ⅲ级,用何种颜色表示(20)答案不确定A、绿色B、橙色C、黄色D、蓝色E、红色5.突发公共卫生事件上报时限是(20)答案不确定A、2小时B、6小时C、12小时D、24小时E、48小时1.根据《中华人民共和国突发事件应对法》的规定,可以预警的自然灾害、事故灾难和公共卫生事件的预警级别分为四级,即一级、二级、三级和四级,分别是下列何种颜色标示(20)答案不确定A、红、橙、黄、蓝B、红、黄、橙、绿C、红、黄、绿、蓝D、黄、红、橙、蓝E、黄、红、蓝、橙2.下列哪项不属于突发公共卫生事件的特征(20)答案不确定A、突发性B、少发性C、多样性D、复杂性E、严重性3.《突发公共卫生事件应急条例》是中华人民共和国国务院令第376号,于()起公布施行(20)答案不确定A、1989年9月1日B、1987年5月1日C、2003年5月9日D、2007年10月1日E、2011年5月8日4.建立突发事件应急反应机制应遵循的四条原则,以下哪项除外(20)答案不确定A、中央统一指挥,地方分级负责B、依法规范管理,保证快速反应C、完善监测体系,提高预警能力D、依靠科学,加强合作E、改善基础条件,保障持续运行5.下列哪项不属于突发公共卫生事件(20)答案不确定A、重大传染病疫情B、群体性不明原因疾病C、重大食物中毒事件D、重大职业中毒事件E、慢性肺部疾患1.下列哪项不属于“经饮水传播”的流行特征(20)答案不确定A、病人皆有饮用同一水源的历史B、病例集中在1~2个潜伏期内C、病例分布与供水范围相一致D、污染水源停止使用或消毒后,暴发即可平息E、常出现人传人的现象2.暴发调查的目的包括(20)答案不确定A、查明疾病暴发的原因B、及时采取有效措施迅速扑灭疫情C、总结经验教训D、防止类似事件再次发生E、以上均是3.下列哪项不属于疾病暴发的特点(20)答案不确定A、时间较短B、单位或地区分布分散C、病人相对较多D、症状相似E、病人的菌型一致4.某地发生群体性食物中毒,以下哪些信息属于接报的要点(20)答案不确定A、报告单位、报告人姓名、联系电话,记录报告时间、发生事件的单位名称、详细地址、联系电话B、中毒人数、发病时间、临床症状、住院及救治情况C、可疑食品、共同就餐人数、可疑餐次、就餐地点有无人群聚集性D、嘱咐报告人保护好现场,保留可疑食品及病人吐泻物,禁止继续使用、出售可疑食品E、以上均是5.某地发生群体性食物中毒进行现场调查,关于采集标本要求错误的是(20)答案不确定A、应根据疾病的性质,选取合适的标本,如各种分泌物、血液、体液和组织B、采集的标本应具有代表性C、采集的标本应在到达现场时进行D、采集后的标本应做好标记E、采集后的标本应低温保存,尽快测定1.抗菌药物疗程因感染不同而异,一般宜用至体温正常、症状消退后(20)答案不确定A、24小时B、24~48小时C、72~96小时D、48~72小时E、48~96小时2.按照抗菌药物PK/PD理论下列哪类药物为浓度依赖性(20)答案不确定A、青霉素类B、头孢菌素类C、碳青霉烯类D、氟喹诺酮类E、糖肽类3.以下哪种类型的感染通常不推荐给予较大的给药剂量(20)答案不确定A、单纯的下尿路感染B、血流感染C、感染性心内膜炎D、骨髓炎E、中枢神经系统感染4.以下哪些原则上不应预防使用抗菌药物(20)答案不确定A、普通感冒B、留置导尿管的患者C、建立人工气道的患者D、心力衰竭E、以上都是5.下列哪些情况可先予以注射给药(20)答案不确定A、不能口服或不能耐受口服给药的患者B、患者存在明显可能影响口服药物吸收的情况C、所选药物有合适抗菌谱,但无口服剂型D、需在感染组织或体液中迅速达到高药物浓度以达杀菌作用者E、以上都是1.围手术期抗菌药物预防性用药目的不包括下列哪项(20)答案不确定A、预防手术部位浅表切口感染B、预防手术部位深部切口感染C、预防手术部位所涉及的器官/腔隙感染D、预防手术部位感染E、术后可能发生的其他部位感染2.下列哪种手术宜预防性应用抗生素(20)答案不确定A、疝修补术B、甲状腺腺瘤摘除术C、乳房纤维腺瘤切除术D、开放性骨折清创内固定术E、肿瘤物理消融术3.下列哪项关于特殊使用级抗菌药物的说法是错误的(20)答案不确定A、特殊使用级抗菌药物的选用应从严控制B、特殊使用级抗菌药物会诊人员应由医疗机构内部授权C、特殊使用级抗菌药物可在门诊使用D、感染病情严重者可考虑越级应用特殊使用级抗菌药物E、免疫功能低下患者发生感染时可考虑越级应用特殊使用级抗菌药物4.新版抗菌药物指导原则和我国病案首页分别将手术切口分为几类(20)答案不确定A、3类;3类B、4类;3类C、3类;4类D、4类;4类E、4类;5类5.经临床长期应用证明安全、有效,价格相对较低的抗菌药物在抗菌药物分级管理中属于(20)答案不确定A、非限制使用B、限制使用C、特殊使用D、随意使用E、经验使用二1、全科医学的基本原则ABEDD1.关于影响社区居民健康的因素,错误的描述是(20)答案不确定3.以下何种属性不是全科医疗与专科医疗的区别(20)A、对服务对象责任的持续性与间断性B、处理疾病的轻重、常见与少见C、对服务对象的责任心D、是否使用高新昂贵的医疗技术E、服务人口的多少与流动性4.全科医学“连续性服务”体现在(20)A、全科医生对社区中所有人的生老病死负有全部责任B、全科医生在患者生病的过程中均陪伴在病人床边C、患者的所有健康问题都要由全科医生亲手处理D、全科医生对人生各阶段以及从健康到疾病的各阶段都负有健康管理责任E、如果全科医生调动工作,就必须将自己的患者带走5.全科医学的基本特点不包括(20)A、基础性照顾B、人性化照顾C、可及性照顾D、综合性照顾E、阶段性照顾3全科医生临床技能考核1.关于医学教育的追求方向,叙述错误的是(20)答案不确定A、成果标准化,而实施过程个体化B、鼓励采用各种整合措施C、拥有自身与追求改善的习惯D、关注医师专业素养的养成E、行医为导向的学习与改进2.关于合格的医生应具备的六项核心能力,叙述错误的是(20)答案不确定A、照顾病患能力B、医学知识;行医为导向的学习与改进C、完全满足病人寻求相关信息的需求D、人际关系和沟通技巧;专业素质E、医疗体系下的行医3.关于迷你临床演练评量计分标准,叙述正确的是(20)答案不确定A、评分表共分七大项目,每个项目皆采用九级计分评量B、1-2级表示学员操作未符合要求C、3-4级表示达到要求D、5-7级表示良好E、8-9级表示优秀4.关于临床操作技能评估(DOPS),叙述错误的是(20)答案不确定A、评估人员:主治医师、总住院或高年住院医师、其他资深人员(护师、放射师、医检师或药师)、每次尽量安排不同的评估观察者B、参加人员:一位临床教师、一位学员或住院医师、一位病患C、所需时间:视不同技能而定,通常每次约20分钟,其中评估10分钟、回馈讨论10分钟,一般每年评估4~6次D、评估过程:观察学员操作临床技能,每次观察一至二种proceduresE、评估地点:门诊、病房、临床技能训练中心5.OSCE常用考核项目,包括(20)答案不确定A、病史询问B、体格检查C、沟通技巧;健康教育D、医患关系;临床操作E、以上都是4社区医学1.关于影响社区居民健康的因素,错误的描述是(20)答案不确定A、社区个体行为完全取决于社会或社区中的主流文化、信仰、风俗和价值观B、高收入的个体和群体不一定比低收入者更健康C、社区组织提供服务的质量、数量和方式等直接或间接影响社区成员的健康D、人口稠密地区更易造成传染病的流行E、行为生活方式是慢性病的主要危险因素2.家属对糖尿病患者改变饮食的理解和支持属于影响病人行为的(20)答案不确定A、前置因素B、促成因素C、强化因素D、认知因素E、后置因素3.社区构成要素的主体是(20)答案不确定A、一定数量的人群B、一定的地域范围C、社区生活服务设施D、社区文化E、管理机构与制度4.实施COPC的核心是(20)答案不确定A、社区诊断B、社区参与C、制订COPC计划D、权利增长E、以上都不是5.高血压患者家属认为限盐对控制血压非常重要,属于影响病人行为的(20)答案不确定A、倾向因素B、促成因素C、强化因素D、消极因素E、后置因素5社区诊断1.社区诊断的主要内容有(20)答案不确定A、社会学与流行病学诊断B、行为与环境诊断C、教育与组织诊断D、管理与政策诊断E、以上都是2.社区资源是指(20)答案不确定A、组织机构资源B、人力资源C、物质资源D、社区动员的潜力E、以上都是3.社区诊断的资料来源不包括(20)答案不确定A、健康档案记录B、社区出生登记资料C、询问病史D、横断面调查资料E、环境监测记录4.社区诊断的重点是(20)答案不确定A、明确社区内最难解决的健康问题B、了解社区可利用的资源C、确定社区内需优先解决的卫生问题D、了解社区解决卫生问题的能力E、为政府及卫生行政部门等制订社区卫生相关政策提供重要依据。

四川大学华西医学院眼科学2016年考博真题试卷

四川大学华西医学院眼科学2016年考博真题试卷
试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
第1页 共1页
四川大学华西医学院
医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
四川大学华西医院
2016年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:眼科学 注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。 一、名词解释(5*5分=25分) 1. ICE 2. ansiometropia 3. BKC 4. 颈动脉海绵窦漏 5. 囊袋收缩综合征
第1页 共1页
二、问答题(5*15分=75分) 1. 青光眼视神经损伤机制,种类,研究进展。 2. 角膜移植的供体来源,适应症。 3. 维持正常双眼视觉的条件及斜视后的病理改变。 4. 甲状腺相关眼病的临床特征和治疗原则。 5. CNV的常见病因目前主要的治疗方法,从发病机制探讨未来的治疗趋势。
第1页 共1页

急诊医学考试题(附参考答案)

急诊医学考试题(附参考答案)

急诊医学考试题(附参考答案)一、单选题(共91题,每题1分,共91分)1.一旦确诊为心跳骤停,必须争取在几分钟内重建呼吸和循环A、12-14分钟B、6-8分钟C、10-12分钟D、4-6分钟E、8-10分钟正确答案:D2.百草枯中毒后最为突出的临床表现是A、肝损伤B、肺损伤C、脑损伤D、肾损伤正确答案:B3.洋地黄最适宜下列哪项引起的急性肺水肿A、重度二尖瓣狭窄伴窦性心律B、快速心室率的心房纤颤C、肥厚梗阻型心肌病而无心房纤颤D、急性心肌梗死正确答案:B4.确定心搏呼吸骤停的诊断为A、意识突然丧失,颈动脉搏动消失B、萎靡不振C、口唇发绀D、点头呼吸正确答案:A5.低渗性缺水可分为三度,中度缺钠为A、135~140mmol/LB、130~135mmol/LC、120~130mmol/LD、120~125mmol/L正确答案:C6.新生儿溶血病换血治疗时换血量为A、<120ml/kgB、<80ml/kgC、<180ml/kgD、<220ml/kg正确答案:C7.下列选项中,属于肾性肾衰竭病因的是A、急性肾小管坏死B、尿路梗阻C、出血D、血容量减少正确答案:A8.一般中小动、静脉损伤均可用此法控制出血是( )A、指压法B、加压包扎法C、止血带止血法D、屈曲肢体加垫止血法E、填塞止血法正确答案:B9.风心病二尖瓣狭窄,出现哪项体征提示心力衰竭A、心尖部收缩期抬举性搏动B、拍击性第一心音C、交替脉D、肺动脉瓣区第二心音亢进E、短绌脉正确答案:C10.细胞内液中,最重要的阳离子是A、MgB、CaC、KD、Na正确答案:C11.进行混合静脉血氧测定的血液的抽取部位是A、右心室B、上腔静脉C、肺动脉D、右心房正确答案:C12.急性氟乙酰胺中毒使用( )A、乙酰胺B、4-甲基吡唑C、阿托品D、纳洛酮E、氟马西尼正确答案:A13.下列关于心力衰竭时心外代偿反应中的叙述,错误的是A、红细胞增多B、血流重分布C、心率加快D、血容量增加正确答案:C14.急性心包填塞是胸部外伤中较为严重的一种,不是因为A、失血量过多B、心排血量迅速减少C、心脏舒张受限D、阻碍静脉血回流正确答案:A15.一工人5m高处坠落双足着地,足踝部痛,下肢麻木感,轻度恶心未吐,Bp12.67/8.00kPa(95/60mmHg),P100次/分,自带X线片示双侧跟骨粉碎性骨折,在急诊室最佳处理是A、作跟骨骨折复位与石膏固定B、输液C、作头颅X线检查D、脊柱检查及照片正确答案:D16.导致急性肺水肿的直接原因是A、肺动脉压力升高B、左心房压力升高C、肺静脉压力升高D、左室舒张未压力升高E、以上都不是正确答案:C17.心源性休克的血流动力学诊断标准是A、心脏指数(CI)<2.2L/(mi n·m ),同时肺动脉压≥12~18mmHgB、心脏指数(CI)<2.2L/(min·m ),同时肺动脉压<12~18mmHgC、心脏指数(CI)>2.2L/(min·m ),同时肺动脉压≥12~18mmHgD、心脏指数(CI)>2.2L/(min·m ),同时肺动脉压<12~18mmHg正确答案:A18.重度哮喘患者,经静滴氨茶碱及支气管扩张剂等药物治疗10小时后病情仍不缓解,伴大汗,双肺呼吸音极低,心率131次/分,该病人下一步治疗用药应选择A、加用肾上腺皮质激素及充分的补液B、气雾剂吸入C、西地兰静注D、选择广谱抗生素E、色甘酸二钠抗过敏治疗正确答案:A19.支气管扩张引起大咯血的原因为A、合并重度支气管炎B、支气管动脉先天性解剖畸形C、支气管发生囊性扩张D、支气管粘膜溃疡E、支气管动脉与肺动脉终末支扩张血管瘤破裂正确答案:E20.中心静脉置管的适应证是A、局部感染患者B、气胸患者C、严重凝血机制障碍的患者D、长时间不能进食需深静脉营养的患者正确答案:D21.注射造影剂后休克属于A、感染性休克B、心源性休克C、神经源性休克D、过敏性休克正确答案:D22.下列选项中,属于肾前性肾衰竭病因的是A、尿路梗阻B、血容量减少C、急性肾小管坏死D、肾缺血正确答案:B23.治疗急性左心衰时,通常禁用A、吗啡B、氨茶碱C、呋塞米D、心得安E、地西泮正确答案:D24.引起肝性脑病最多见的病因是A、门体静脉分流术后B、重症病毒性肝炎C、各型肝硬化D、原发性肝癌正确答案:C25.重度创伤病人死亡的常见原因是A、化脓性感染B、休克C、急性肾衰竭D、ARDS正确答案:B26.下述疾病中最易导致休克的是( )A、急性胰腺炎B、胆道感染C、脾破裂出血D、急性胃十二指肠溃疡穿孔E、急性阑尾炎正确答案:C27.关于肝性脑病的发病机制有很多学说,下列学说中未被认可的是A、假性神经递质学说B、氨基酸中毒学说C、氨中毒学说D、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)学说正确答案:B28.男21岁农民,被石头砸伤1h后入院。

四川大学华西医学院急诊医学2015--2016年考博真题

四川大学华西医学院急诊医学2015--2016年考博真题
3.Hands-only CPR
4.capillary leak syndrome
5.TAS
6.capillary refill time
7.hepatorenal syndrome
8.CPC Scale
二、简答题(共7题)
1、心肺复苏电治疗要点。
2、毒菌中毒临床表现和救治。
3、创伤致凝血功能障碍防治要点。
一、名词解释
1.Cቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱV
2.AAS
3.ROSC
4.PCAS
5.ECMO
6.SVO2
7.IIT
8.IMS
二、简答题
1.检伤分类法。
2.阿片类中毒急救。
3.创伤FAST超声检查方法。
4.社区获得性肺炎的严重程度评价方法。
5.急诊气管插管的适应症。
三、问答题
1.病例分析,胸痛的诊断及依据,治疗方案。
2.2015心肺复苏指南更新内容。
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
医学考博
历年真题试卷
四川大学华西医院
2015年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:急诊医学
注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释(共8个)
1.STE-ACS
2.NYAH classification heart failure
4、急诊多重耐药菌的防控和隔离措施。
三、病案分析
女,48岁,“发热2天,意识障碍半天”,查体T39.5摄氏度,心率120次/分,血压98/7?mmHg,呼吸26次/分。
还需病史资料体征,首先检查,救治措施,鉴别。
四川大学华西医院
2016年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题

四川大学华西医学院外科学(骨科)骨科学2004,2013--2014,2016--2018年考博真题

四川大学华西医学院外科学(骨科)骨科学2004,2013--2014,2016--2018年考博真题
四川大学华西医院
2014年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:外科学(骨科)
注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、20个外科总论单选(20’)
二、名词解释(全部是英文,4’*5=20’)
Bohler sign(侧方应力试验,注意不是bohler角)
Bragard sign
4、胸椎T8、T9结核,后凸畸形,椎旁脓肿,合并不全瘫,已做好术前抗结核准备,拟行胸椎前路病灶清除术+植骨融合内固定术,问术前谈话应涉及哪些方面?那几点是应向患者家属重点强调的?
5、病例题,男性患者,36岁,无明显诱因右侧膝关节的红肿、皮温高、活动障碍,白细胞值处于临界上线,X线片未见骨质破坏,抽检关节液淡黄色,问还需要询问的病史?还应进行的辅助检查?可能患的病有哪些?
⒌骨关节结核与慢性骨关节化脓性感染的异同?请简述两者治疗方法的特点?
⒍病案分析
男性,30岁,伤后8小时入院,双下肢活动障碍,双骶髂关节部肿胀疼痛。X光片下示耻骨联合分离3Cm,双侧骶髂关节脱位,骶骨骨折。请给出治疗方案并说明理由。
四川大学华西医院
2013年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:外科学(骨科)
医学考博
历年真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
四川大学华西医院
2004年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:骨科学
注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释
Tissue engineering
Colles’ fracture
Bone-fascia compartment syndrome
注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。

四川大学华西医学院局部解剖学2016年考博真题试卷

四川大学华西医学院局部解剖学2016年考博真题试卷
11. 16岁患者,低头屈颈,颈部后方受刀刺伤,突然颈部以下不能动弹,从脊柱及其内容的解剖试述受伤机制,从颈椎下段和上段刺入有何不同?
12.枕后三角的位置,组成,内容。
13.右冠状动脉的分布特点。
14.膈肌的血供及神经支配。
4.踝管
5.rotator cuff
6.carotid sheath
7.终丝
8.Superior lumber triangle
9.parotid bed
10.左肋间上动脉
11.室间膈膜部
12.Basal nucleus
二、问答题10分×14题,选做7题
1.右结肠旁沟的位置,交通,毗邻,临床意义。
2.腹膜形成的肝韧带及其间穿行的结构。
3.胃裸区位置、边界、临床意义。
4.胆总管的分段及其毗邻。
5.小儿气管切开的层次及可能损伤结构。
6.肱骨中段骨折最容易损伤什么,为什么,有何症状。
7.颈根部的配布特点。
8.髋关节的组成及结构特点。
9.头皮的层次,损伤后为什么出血量大,受伤深时什么需要缝合。
10制。
四川大学华西医学院
医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
四川大学华西医院
2016年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:局部解剖学
注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释5分×12题,选做6题
1.闭膜管
2.Celiac plexus(形似)
3.Pelvic fascia

四川大学2015考博真题

四川大学2015考博真题

四川大学2015年博士研究生入学考试英语试题I. Reading Comprehension (30%; one mark each)Directions: Read the following six passages. Answer the questions below each passage by Choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Write your answers on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneSpeech is so familiar a feature of daily life that we rarely pause to define it. It seems as natural to man as walking, and only less so than breathing. Yet it needs but a moment's reflection to convince us that this naturalness of speech is but an illusory feeling. The process of acquiring speech is, in sober fact, an utterly different sort of thing from the process of learning to walk. In the case of the latter function, culture, in other words, the traditional body of social usage, is not seriously brought into play. The child is individually equipped, by the complex set of factors that we term biological heredity, to make all the needed muscular and nervous adjustments that result in walking. Indeed, the very conformation of these muscles and of the appropriate parts of the nervous system may be said to be primarily adapted to the movements made in walking and in similar activities. In a very real sense, the normal human being is predestined to walk, not because his elders will assist him to learn the art, but because his organism is prepared from birth to take on all those muscular adaptations that result in walking. To put it concisely, walking is an inherent, biological function of man.Not so language. It is of course true that in a certain sense the individual is predestined to talk, but that is due entirely to the circumstance that he is born in the lap of a society that is certain to lead him to its traditions. Eliminate society and there is every reason to believe that he will learn to walk, if, indeed, he survives at all. But it is just as certain that he will never learn to talk, that is, to communicate ideas according to the traditional system of a particular society. Or, again, remove the new-born individual from the social environment into which he has come and transplant him to an utterly foreign one. He will develop the art of walking in his new environment very much as he would have developed it in the old. But his speech will be completely at variance with the speech of his native environment. Walking then is a general human activity that varies only within a restricted limit as we pass from individual to individual. Its variability is purposeless. Speech is a human activity that varies without assignable limit as we pass from social group to social group, the product of long-continued social usage. It varies as all creative effort varies ... not as consciously, perhaps, but none the less as truly as do the religions, the beliefs, the customs, and the arts of different peoples. Walking is an organic, an instinctive, function; speech is a non-instinctive, acquired, “cultural” function.1. The first sentence of Paragraph Two, "Not so language", is the closest in meaning to()[A] This is not the case with language[B] So is language and net anything else[C] No such a thing exists in language[D] Not so much with language2. The real difference between the ability to walk and the ability to talk is that ().[A] the former is like breathing while the latter is not[B] the former does not require social interaction while the latter does[C] the former requires muscular movement while the latter does not[D] the former is predestined while the latter is not3. Which of the following is NOT an idea of the author? ()[A] Language is biologically programmed but has to be acquired later on.[B] Only when a child grows up in a community can he learn to talk.[C] Language interaction is a way to impart culture.[D] Formal education is necessary for the learning of language.4. When the author says the variability of walking "is purposeless", he means that().[A] any person who walks would not have a purpose[BI in all cultures people walk aimlessly[C] culture does affect the ways people walk[D] purpose in walking varies with one's ability5. The author wrote this passage in order to().[A] argue for a point [B] provide information[C] narrate a legend [D] debate with his rivalsPassage TwoThe observer does not have to look far to discover that Western society is youth oriented and youth worshiping. The phenomenon shows itself in many ways. First, adults do all they can to be youthful and to remain young because old age is feared and youthfulness admired. Beauty and cosmetic industries have made billions of dollars by encouraging this emulation of agelessness.Second, much of what parents do is for their young. Thousands of parents make daily sacrifices for their children. The numerous benefits heaped upon children are evident. Many mothers say: "I would give my life for my children." This feeling does not apply to all parents, but it applies to enough of them to be proof positive that today's adults care about their young people.Third, most adults say that the majority of youth today are "pretty good kids." This point of view can be fairly well substantiated. Most studies that focus on normal adolescents agree that the majority are not problems, not in turmoil, not deeply disturbed, not at the mercy of their impulses, not resistant to parental values, not politically active, and not rebellious. In a recent Gallup poll, 97 percent of teens said they got along with their parents either very well or fairly well. Only 3 percent said they did not get along at all well. Sometimes, parents carry a positive view of their teenagers to an over-idealized extreme. They refuse to believe their children are ever at fault or ever capable of doing wrong, and they tend to attack any friend, teacher, or town official who tries to tell them otherwise. Despite this over-idealization most youths are not problems --- to themselves or to their communities. Misconceptions are foraged by focusing only on the drug-addicted, delinquent, and disturbed or on the social rebels who are in fact a minority.Finally, although most youths today are not activist rebels like those of the late 1960s and early 1970s; youthful idealism is still much in evidence. Adolescents are much concerned about social issues such as juvenile crime, drug abuse, the energy crises, unemployment, women's liberation, materialism and indifference in society, pollution, and the environment. They also show genuine concern for the underdog, indicated by their frequent political alliance with blacks or the poor. They will give generously and work hard to help the starving overseas or will come to the defense of convicted criminals if they feel their cause is just. Clergy and other caring adults applaud youths who join the "love" generation to find more meaningful relationships than thosebetween their parents at home or between business elements in a highly competitive society. These adults-emphasize that parents ought not to be critical of their young for hating corruption, injustice, or superficial values. Although they are a little awed by youths who will work for months to keep a wilderness area from being mined by developers, value-oriented adults tell parents to admire their Young and admit that their activities are more worthwhile than swallowing goldfish or seeing how many kids can crowd themselves into a telephone booth.6. By "youth worshiping", the author expressed the idea that in Western society the adults[A] worship the young people [B] are all religious believers[C] desire to stay young [D] worship God like the youth7. According to the passage, teenagers in Western society are.[A] unmotivated students in schools[B] sympathetic with the unfortunate[C] highly competitive on the job market[D] equipped with all kinds of values8. All of the following can be inferred from the passage EXCEPT that .[A] young people are more active than adults in protecting their environment[B] a majority of families live in peace and harmony[C] adults used to believe that adolescents are rebellious[D] it is not right for adults to criticize the youths9. Which of the following is the best paraphrase of the idea of the last sentence of the passage ?[A] Youths may go too far in their social activities, but that's 'better than their doing mischievous things or wasting their time.[B] Youths may oppose development, and that's worthwhile because goldfish and telephone booth are far less important.[C] Youths are environment protectionists, but they may also cause damage to wildlife or to public properties.[D] Youths stay too long in wilderness, since they love things in nature instead of goldfish or telephone booths in modem cities.10. Most likely, the author of this passage is .[A] a sociologist [B] a loving parent[C] a political official [D] a clergymanPassage ThreeCrocodiles are incredibly strong, agile and aggressive. They are merciless killers and it's their nature to be brutal. They are estimated to kill up to 200 people per year in Africa and they can eat up to half their body weight in one meal. This is why in Burkina Faso, the lakeside Bazoule village is famous for its unique tradition.For many generations the villagers have lived harmoniously with about 200 wild crocodiles. Crocodiles have remained the same for over 200 million years. They are feared and avoided by humans and animals alike. But the people of Bazoule revere the sacred crocodiles in the lake. This unique tradition started many generations ago at a time when the people of Bazoule were facing a great drought and there was no water. Women used to walk 40 kilometers searching for water. The crocodiles lived apart and hence there was no co-habitation betweenthe crocodiles and the people of Bazoule.Legend says that one day the women were passing close to the crocodiles and one woman attempted to collect water in the lake and the crocodile let her fetch water without attacking her. From then onwards all the women in Bazoule village could fetch water from the lake. The villagers named the ferocious animals the sacred crocodiles for they had saved them and they could not only fetch drinking water but also water their plants and they survived the famine."The crocodiles of Bazoule are sacred because they are the totems of the village. They're the ancestors of the village because they saved the villagers and that is why they' are called sacred," says Prosper Kabore, Head Crocodile guide.Prosper was born into this tradition. His job is to safeguard the unique relationship between the people and the sacred crocodiles. Every child in Bazoule is taught to be kind and respectful. They are constantly reminded that the life they enjoy today is as a result 'of the kindness and compassion shown to their ancestors. Kindness and help provided to them by the most unlikely animals, the crocodile. At one point in time the crocodiles cried for one month. Everybody wondered what was wrong. When Prosper told the local chief who is entirely in charge of the conservation of the sacred crocodiles, he prohibited children from picking grass at the lake. Then one night a child went into the water and did not return. The crocodiles cried a lot. The day that followed people saw somebody drowned in the water. "We tried to retrieve the body but we couldn't. Then we saw the crocodile bringing the body. He pushed it out of the water and we took the body and buried," recalls Kabore.Hence this unique co-existence is what draws people from all over and they are shocked to see this phenomenon that has been in this village for many generations. They get a chance to ride on the backs of the sacred crocodiles, feed them with chickens. The chickens fed to the crocodiles come from Bazoule village, any chicken outside the village is not fed to the crocodiles; This is meant to appease the ancestors.The sacred crocodiles and Bazoule people have a great interdependency. The crocodiles allow the villagers to use the water and the villagers allow the crocodiles to feed on their plants and the cycle of life goes on harmoniously. The money attained from tourists goes directly to help the needy children in Bazoule. Hence not only does the community help in conserving the crocodiles and the old tradition but it also, uplifts the lives of its community members.11. All of the following about crocodiles are true EXCEPT that they .[A] move swiftly and flexibly [B] need a lot of food to eat[C] have a mild temperament [D] live in waters12. According to the passage, the Bazoule villagers respect the crocodiles as sacred beings because the crocodiles there .[A] live far away from the village[B] are respected as the emblem of the villagers[C] eat chickens and plants only[D] would feel sad when a human being dies13. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?[A] The Bazoule villagers are active animal protectionists.[B] Even crocodiles can be tamed just like dogs are domesticated.[C] Ecological harmony may lead to the prosperity of tourism.[D] Human beings have treated ferocious animals in a wrong way.14. Which of the following is opposite in meaning to "uplift" in the last sentence of the passage?[A] degrade [B]downplay [C] downpour [D]delimit15. Which of the following may be the most appropriate title for this passage?[A] Animal Protection and Development of Tourism[B] An Unbelievable Tradition in an African Tribe[C] Crocodiles and Villagers in Mutual Understanding[D] Crocodile Conservation: a Human EndeavorPassage FourExcessive sun exposure is bad for our health. But sun deprivation is also harmful - contributing to ailments from depression to disturbed sleep, obesity and even cancer. People inhabiting the far northern hemisphere are particularly vulnerable, forced to endure long, dark winter nights and sometimes only seeing the sun for three quarters of an hour per day in December.But relief could be on its way, with Swedish researchers exploring a range of projects that could bring light to the wider population. They are working on a device that could transform people's homes and lives by regulating the amount of light to which they are exposed. At Lund University, in southern Sweden, Prof Thorbjorn Laike shows off what he calls an "artificial sun", a collection of bright bluish lights that wouldn't look out of place in a giant's dentist surgery.The "sun" has pride of place in the architecture department, reflecting Prof Laike's passion for light and the benefits it can bring. He is Spearheading the "Healthy Homes" project, which aims to ensure that people living in the dark upper reaches of the northern hemisphere receive the right amount of the "right sort" of light at the right time. They are developing a device called a Daysimeter, which monitors a person's exposure to light radiation during the day. When the user returns home, the Daysimeter automatically sends this information to a central control hub, which works out whether the person has received sufficient sunlight. If that turns out to be either too much or not enough, a smart system will adjust the lighting in the home to compensate: By rebalancing a individual's light exposure, the idea is to help people maintain a more normal and healthy circadian rhythm.Humans are programmed to wake and sleep on a roughly 24-hour cycle, and the timing is regulated by exposure to light. According to a statement from the Healthy Homes project: "Disruption of a regular, daily pattern of light and dark can lead to poor sleep, fatigue and decreased performance,as well as poor health ranging from obesity, diabetes, cardiovascular disease and even cancer."In places where sunlight is in short supply, bright electric lighting delivered at the right time of day can act as a substitute. "We anticipate that this will make it easier for people, especially.16. Which of the following statements is true according to the passage?[A] Too little sunning is just as harmful as too much sunning.[B] Artificial sunlight can be used to treat illnesses such as cancer.[C] People living on the equator do not develop obesity.[D] Northerners sleep more poorly than southerners do.17. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?[A] Ultimately, artificial sun will substitute the natural sunlight to keep people healthy.[B] Even sports and other activities cannot compensate for the lack of sunlight.[C] In the sunlight, only its bluish ray is important for human health.[D] People on the equator do not have to worry about biological cycle.18. Human beings need sunlight exposure especially in the morning because[A] their body clock would stop regulating work at night[B] the sunlight regulates certain hormone to keep people energetic[C] the morning sun gives off the full spectrum of rays[D] the 19dl century architects had already found it necessary to maximize the sun penetration19. Most likely, the author of this passage is[A] a medical doctor [B] a student who loves sports[C] a news reporter [D] a town official in Sweden20. In "the Healthy Homes researchers plan to kit out the first experimental home within two years", the phrase "kit out" means "to[A] rule out [B] install in the kitchen[C] equip and use [D] send kids outdoorsPassage FiveMigratory birds may be spreading viruses that cause bird flu around the world, say scientists. Outbreaks in poultry may become more common in the future, especially in ill-prepared countries, they warn. A severe strain found at a duck farm in the UK last year may have been carried by wild birds out of Russia, according to Dutch researchers. The virus is a low human health risk, but wild birds on long migratory routes should be monitored, they say.H5N8 is a strain of bird flu that appeared late last year in Russia, East Asia, North America and four European .countries, including the UK. The infections led to millions of poultry being culled. In the UK, ducks were affected at a farm in Driffield, Yorkshire. Another outbreak of bird flu in Hampshire this week is of the H7N7 form of the virus, which is less severe.Scientists at the Erasmus Medical Center in Rotterdam, Netherlands, say the presence of the H5 virus in a migratory bird in Russia and other detections in wild birds and poultry is "worrisome". "More poultry outbreaks could occur in the future, especially in countries that are ill-prepared," a team led by Dr Ron Fouchier wrote in the journal, Science. "Despite the currently low public health risk, the outbreaks should be monitored closely, given that several animal species are susceptible and that influenza viruses are generally unpredictable." Wild birds with long migratory routes should be monitored for exposure to H5N8 and control measures in poultry should be updated, as they appear to be "insufficient", they added.Scientists are also investigating other ways that bird flu viruses can spread around the world, including through illegal poultry trade and contamination of vehicles or equipment. A recent report from the European Food Safety Authority said the route of spread of the disease remained uncertain. It said all affected farms in Europe had kept birds inside, suggesting direct transmission from wild birds to farmed poultry was unlikely.Experts said there were no known direct migration routes from East Asia to Europe, but infected migratory birds from East Asia could in theory pass the virus on to other species at breeding and stopover places in Eurasia. Dr Derek Gatherer of Lancaster University said moreresearch into flu in wild bird populations in the UK was needed, especially in species migrating in from Europe. "The British response to bird flu is oriented towards agriculture - that's fine because of course we need to protect our poultry industry - but in order to really understand bird flu we should also study it in its natural setting," he told BBC News. "Then we'll have a better 'early warning system' for what might be a threat to agriculture in the future."UK officials said tests had confirmed the Hampshire outbreak was of a low severity H7 strain of the disease, which is a much less severe form than the HSN8 strain found in Yorkshire in November. Chief vet Nigel Gibbens said: "We have taken immediate action to contain this outbreak as part of our robust procedures for dealing swiftly with avian flu. "This is a low severity form of the virus and we are taking action to ensure that the disease does not spread or develop into a more severe form. We are investigating the possible sources of the outbreak. I would urge poultry keepers in the surrounding area to be vigilant for any signs of disease and to ensure they are maintaining good bio-security on their premises."The Department for Environment, Food &Rural Affairs said warden patrols for diseased wild birds occurred in eight Wildfowl and Wetlands Trust reserves in Great Britain, and a number of other reserves were patrolled by volunteers from October to March. Anyone finding five or more wild birds dead in the same location is advised to report them to the Delta helpline.21. In "The infections led to millions of poultry being culled", the word "culled" means[A] canceled [B] raised in cult[C] sold [D] killed22. The outbreak of bird flu should be monitored, because .[A] poultry industry threatens bio-security in many countries[B] the H5 virus from Russia is more dangerous than other species[C] wild birds spread virus all along their migratory routes[D] it is not sure how many animals can be affected by bird flu23. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?[A] The southern hemisphere of the earth is free from bird flu.[B] Even if birds are kept indoors, they may not be safe from bird flu.[C] If a country is well-prepared, it never suffers from flu outbreaks.[D] At present scientists have found control measures to prevent bird flu.24. Which of the following statements is known to be true of bird virus?[A] It may survive even if it is not in the bird body.[B] It transmits directly through the air and blood transfusion.[C] It is unlikely to cause illness early in Spring.[D] It leads to illegal poultry trades.25. This passage is most likely to be .[A] a warning for tourists issued by the government[B] a medical advice from university research center[C] a. newspaper report for public information[D] an academic essay published in professional magazinePassage Six"Education" means different things to different people. To some elementary and secondary school children, it can. be an exciting intellectual experience; to those poorly motivated or presented with a dull and unimaginative curriculum, it can be a deadening ordeal; to college students, education may be a means to acquiring the qualifications for a job, a way of escaping lowly social class origin, or .a time for experimenting with a variety of social and personal identities; to parents,, education for their children may represent the realization of their own unfulfilled aspirations; to those who operate the schools .... teachers, principals, and administrators --- education means a job, a place where career aspirations may be realized or frustrated, where viable relationships with colleagues and supervisors must be worked out. This list of the meanings of education could be expanded indefinitely. However, it should be sufficient to illustrate the multiple meanings of education to people in various roles and subgroups in the society.What does education mean to the sociologist? How does he begin to structure and make sense out of this multifaceted phenomenon called education? Basically, sociologists regard education as a distinctively social phenomenon or "institution" which, like other social phenomena, is amenable to objective scientific analysis. A sociological perspective on education requires that one "step back" from that which he is examining, set aside his personal and cultural biases, and take a long, hard look at the phenomenon of education. This is not an easy task. At times it is made more difficult by the fact that teachers, administrators, and concerned segments of the public may expect immediate answers to the questions of policy and technique to emerge from the sociologist's research on education. Sociologists, on the other hand, are primarily concerned with building a body of verified knowledge about education and only secondarily with the problem of applying their findings and conclusions to the concerns of the educational practitioners. Though most research on education by sociologists has some policy implications, sociologists vary in title extent to which .they spell out these implications, in their work. Ultimately, the extent to which this is done is a matter of style and most sociologists have adopted a style in which policy implications are left implicit rather than one in which explicit programmatic statements and policy recommendations are made. The readers are then left to extract (if they care to) the implications of the research and ideas presented for questions of policy and action.26. According to the author, education enables students to have all the following EXCEPT[A] an explanation of school education[B] an enriched life of learning[C] a chance to move up the social ladder[D] enlarging one's circle of friends27. The phrase "this multifaceted phenomenon" most likely means "a phenomenon that[A] is facilitated in multiple ways [B] has many aspects of significance[C] does multiplications [D] undergoes many changes28. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that •[A] Every student can realize their dreams in one way or another through education.[B] For teachers job opportunities are rare outside the area of education.[C] Parents hope to have their own dreams come true in their children.[D] Students with low motivation usually do not have dreams.29. Which of the following conclusions can be derived from this passage?[A] Educational sociologists must step back from the real-tire problems of education.[B] Educational technology is a topic for research in educational sociology.[C] Researchers of educational sociology are all impartial in their observations.[D] Educational theories and practices are two different enterprises.30. What question might the author most likely continue to discuss after this passage?[A] Why is education multifaceted?[B] What does sociology mean to students, teachers, parents and others concerned?[C] What is the role of educational technology in teaching practices?[D] Why is educational research necessary and what are its topics?II. Vocabulary (10%; 0.5 mark each)31. The two men are well with each other since they once studied in the same university.[A] recognized [B] acquainted [C] acknowledged [D] identified32. When hysteria about AIDS first infected the media in early 1980s, those identified aswere all at the margins of society.[A] feasible [B] accessible [C] vulnerable [D] attainable33. You'd better from talking too much, for the more you talk, the more mistakes you may commit.[A] refrain [B] resort [C] reframe [D] resist34. How can you be so to the sufferings of people in poverty in the world?[A] unpopular [B] indifferent [C] neutral [D] vigorous35. He was so absorbed in his work that he was to things going on around him.[A] oblivious [B] digestible [C] dormant [D] introvert36. Because all the parts of this machine are , it is convenient to replace them.[A] normalized [B] mechanized [C] modernized [D] standardized37. This Canon camera can be to take pictures in cloudy or night conditions.[A] adapted [B] adjusted [C] adopted [D] addressed38. A teacher is one who preaches the way of life, knowledge and help the students out of their difficulties.[A] inherit [B] intervene [C] interpret [D] impart39. Many poets and artists have drawn their from Nature as well as the real life experiences of ordinary people.[A] affectation [B] inspiration [C] intervention [D] convention40. We cannot guarantee the take-off of the flight, since we are having such a foggy day.[A] puncture [B] pinpoint [C] punctual [D] pernicious41. What is in store in the future is unknown, but we can that it gives us many hopes.[A] affirm [B] confide [C] confer [D] overrun42. In China, all parents have to send their children to school beginning from age 7, according to the Law of Education.[A] Compelling [B] Forced [C] Obliged [D] Compulsory43. Although it was his first experience as chairman, he over the meeting with great skill.[A] presided [B] administered [C] mastered [D] executed。

四川大学华西医学院病理生理学2015年考博真题试卷

四川大学华西医学院病理生理学2015年考博真题试卷
7、组织中毒性缺氧
8、应激
9、水肿
二、判断题(共10题)
1、脑死亡是渐进过程。
2、紫绀不一定缺氧。
3、低渗性脱水已发生休克。
4、低钾对心血管损伤较高钾重。
5、钙超载与缺血-再灌注无关。
6、等张性缺氧血氧饱和度正常。
三、简述题(共5题)
1、发热机制。
2、休克早期代偿机制及意义。
3、肝性脑病发生机制。
4、肾性高血压发生机制。
四川大学华西医学院
医学考博真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
四川大学华西医院
2015生理学
注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释(共10个)
1、脑死亡
2、高渗性脱水
3、DIC
4、发热
5、超极化阻滞
6、急性期反应蛋白

四川大学华西医学院神经外科学2013,2015--2019年考博真题

四川大学华西医学院神经外科学2013,2015--2019年考博真题
3.三叉神经痛治疗方式及各自特点。
4.库欣病的诊断及治疗要点。
5.人工智能在胶质瘤诊断和治疗方面的可能作用。
考试科目:外科学(神经外科学)
注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释
1.SIADH
2.DVAF
3.wallenberg
4.kawase入路
5.落日征
6.开放性颅脑损伤
二、论述题
1.生殖细胞瘤的分类及诊断要点。
2.颈内动脉狭窄颈内动脉支架植入与颈内动脉内膜剥脱术的优劣之处。
医学考博
历年真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
四川大学华西医院
2013年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:神经外科学
注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释:
眶上裂综合征
肯尼迪综合征
dandy-walker综征
Parinaud综合征
脊髓半切综合征
二、问答题:
2、星形细胞瘤分级及治疗策略。
3、生长激素型垂体腺瘤临床表现治疗进展。
4、髓母细胞瘤生物学特点,治疗策略。
5、高血压脑出血常见部位排序,选。
四川大学华西医院
2016年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:神经外科学
注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释
Dandy-walker
脊髓半切征
脊髓栓系
Chiaris畸形
hunt hess
二、问答题
1.外伤迟发性血肿定义领床表现治疗。
2.高血压脑出血治疗及好发部位。
3.少突胶质瘤临表,影像。

四川大学华西医学院病理生理学2016年考博真题考博试卷

四川大学华西医学院病理生理学2016年考博真题考博试卷
第1页 共1页
攻 读 博 士 学 位 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 试 卷
医学考博真题试卷
第1页 共1页
四川大学华西医院
2016 年攻读博士学位研究生入学Байду номын сангаас试试题
考试科目:病理生理学 注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。 一、填空题 1.局部水肿的机制 2.发热与过热的根本区别 3.DIC 的病生基础 4.休克的病生基础 5.pH 在正常范围的可能 二、名词解释 超极化阻滞 静脉血掺杂 高动力循环状态 阴离子间隙 亚健康 热休克蛋白 黄疸 肾性骨病 内生性致热源 微血管病性溶血性贫血 三、问答题 1.根据肝性脑病发病机制制定肝性脑病防治原则。 2.什么是钙超载?钙超载在缺血再灌注损伤中的机制。 3.怎样理解休克晚期难治性? 4.ARDS 的机制。 5.应激时交感肾上腺髓质兴奋表现及生理意义。

四川大学华西临床医学院国重基法部分专业的考博真题生化真题_.doc

四川大学华西临床医学院国重基法部分专业的考博真题生化真题_.doc

2016 年名词解释:生物转化蛋白模体信号肽细胞编程G蛋白简答:1,生物信息分子有哪些?细胞信号转导2,蛋白折叠过程3,酶的抑制剂有哪些4,细胞凋亡因子的作用5,蛋白分选机制论述:1, DNA复制RNA合成蛋白合成的保真2,DNA复性的影响因素3,你对合成生物学、系统生物学的认识2011年K乙他辅侑A任:人代谢屮的作川2、代谢调杠细胞水半的调i'i3、变构调肯和化学修饰的井同4、作川J DNA衣达的药物的机理•制述3类药物5、翻译施的蛋门质修饰2012年・、名詞解释(20分)1、RNA splicing2、岱号肚3、构住与构象4、蛋门硕模休令结构域5、SiRNA二、分析简答龛(32分)1、试述卜列冈素如何影响DNA的夂性过程<1)RIW ((2)低J * Tm 度(3〉高浓度的DNA 链2、«A»U冰的原理及其应川3>匝嘤细胞Mi'rW fYf哪叫?兀作川机制如何?4、仆•种混介液MA、B、C -种蛋m 这二种蛋门分了;1匕等电点如卜:A1M000,8.5; B 64000 , 5.9 : C 6000・6.0按分/讹和竽电点将J〔分肉纯化这三种蛋仏并列:||签定方汰.二论述題(48分)K DNA M制、RNA介成、蛋门质介成如何保证冀保戊性?2、细胞内们号传导及冀作川机制3、运川化物化学用I关掠理说明药物介理设讣2013年・、名诃解释(20分)K信号从2.诵导肚3.模休4.Gutn5 •转化二简签越1.DNA M制、转录和胡译如何保允2.什么朋抑制剂?简述右哪儿种抑制剂.分别冇什么待点?3・细胞倍号转导7、论述鬆K细胞核编码的蛋门的分选途径?2、Flftl 7个冈素足怎么影响DNA变性的,高浓度阳离仇低Tmffi, ft浓度的DNA ?3、列;I;朗个实鲨分肉纯化乐门.并说岀原理.蛋门分fWflPI分别为64000、8.0;18000、5.91 6000 . 6.0.2014 年・、名词解释1、RNA splicing2、Apoptosis3、Instructs enzyme4、Stemp cell engering5、Systemic biology二、简答悪K 例举关「2013年保学或生理学方Ifil91尔并说期冀上嘤内容及门<2 的见解2、DNA V兴的彩响W^:(l)Blwr浓度(2)隘度Tm (3)DNA 浓度3、un^t的比沾性测足\论述理1、H«;素与碳胺类药物的作用机制?2、允核生物与原核生物转杀麻的加I:Y J H井同?3、对r儿种人匸合成底物1刑一酶《i结介时•侑9底物納介的亲和力人小不同・怎样说明?2015 年仁名诃解释(40)K端粒(酶)2、两性a •螺旋3、G PCR4、G WAS5、磷酸无糖途径6、氏链II编码RNA7、朋体8、化学注透学说9、R NAi10、Ubiquitination1、扎糖操纵/和色奴酸操纵/的调控作川2、苏门质结构与功能的关系3、信号转9途径井常9疾病发僅的关系.并设讣种町能的I•扰FBI4、描述〔种不同的组学研丸方法及其任医药学中的嗣IJ5、匕醸辅侑A任物质代谢屮的匝耍作川6、•般1何二DNA损伤对生物体祁是冇害的・”!实质上也右右益的•仏即DNAftl伤仆双咆效应,你如何解释这•观点•。

四川大学华西医学院普外科2016年考博真题考博试卷

四川大学华西医学院普外科2016年考博真题考博试卷
我诊断的肝细胞性肝癌,肝硬化,脾亢。第二问是还需要做什么检查。第三问 是肝癌治疗原则
第1页 共1页
பைடு நூலகம்
二、简答题 1.腹股沟斜疝与直疝区别。 2.甲状腺术后并发症 3.乳腺癌根治术后放疗指针 4.胆管癌 Bismuth-corett 分型 5.胃溃疡及十二指肠溃疡手术指针
三、诊断题 一个男的 40 多岁,右上腹隐痛 1 年多,加重一个月,有乙肝病史 14 年,表面 抗原阳性 AFP500,肝增大,质硬,压痛,叩击痛。脾大,白细胞 3 *10 的 9 次方,血小板 50*10 的 9 次方。
攻 读 博 士 学 位 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 试 卷
医学考博真题试卷
第1页 共1页
四川大学华西医院
2016 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:普外科 注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。 一、名词解释 1.whipple 三联征 2.Buerger 病 3.股管 4.布加综合征 5.早期倾倒综合征

四川大学华西医学院内科学(消化内科)2002,2011--2014,2016,2018--2019年考博真题

四川大学华西医学院内科学(消化内科)2002,2011--2014,2016,2018--2019年考博真题
医学考博
历年真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
四川大学华西医院
2016年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:消化内科
注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释
NBI
EUS-FNA
ESD
BarrБайду номын сангаасt esophageal
Child C级
GIST
二、简答题
1.食管抗返流机制。
考试科目:内科学(消化内科)
注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
2.请简述胃壁细胞泌酸基本过程。
三、论述题
1.目前早期胃癌内镜下诊治越来越普遍,但是存在的问题也日益突出,谈谈你的看法及早癌未来发展方向。
四川大学华西医学院
2018年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:内科学(消化内科)
注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
消化内科专科题:
一、简答题
1.HP检查、根治适应症、方案。
2.早期食管癌筛查对象、巴黎分型、内镜检查、井上分型。
3.消化微创治疗技术及适应症疾病(10个)。
4.胃食管曲张大出血止血及注意事项。
5.结肠CD和肠结核鉴别。
6.急性胰腺炎病因、诊断、并发症、治疗原则。
大内科公共题,选2个,20分
呼吸:呼吸支持技术?简述其要点
心内:冠心病二级预防
消化:溃疡性结肠炎和crohn肠病鉴别
肾内:2选1
AKI诊断及分期
慢性肾功能不全透析指针
内分泌:酮症酸中毒基本处理原则
血液:出血性疾病诊断试验及意义
免疫:系统性硬化的临床分型,实验室特点,治疗原则

四川大学华西医学院考博试题

四川大学华西医学院考博试题

考博详解与指导局部解剖学:一、名词解释:颈动脉窦,肺根,面部危险三角区,膀胱直肠陷凹,胆囊三角,(还有一个想不起了)二、问答题:(9选7)1.临床作气管切开的位置,经过的层次,切开过深可损伤的器官,过低可造成什么后果2.盆腹部消化管道的动脉血供及来源3.上、下腔静脉系的吻合支4.腹部器官、结构的体表投影(至少10个)5.子宫的位置,及影响其位置的因素6.股三角的内容、排列及交通7.腮腺肿大可压迫那些结构8.颈根部的结构9.左右纵隔之间的血管、神经名称及位置病理真题1,名词解释:肉芽组织,老化,autopsy,瘘管,转移钙化,紫癜,类白血病反应,肺褐色硬化,纤维素样坏死2,选择题:老样子很简单3,简答体:肿瘤增生和非肿瘤增生的区别。

病案讨论:冠心病及其合并症有关的。

为什么说淤血总是病理性的?说出3种胃肠道的肉芽肿性炎。

说出3种病理诊断方法及其特点。

肿瘤的TNM分期,举例1个第一部分、传统面试问题(Sample Traditional Interview Questions)1、What can you tell me about yourself?(关于你自己,你能告诉我些什么?)这一问题如果面试没有安排自我介绍的时间的话。

这是一个必问的问题。

考官并不希望你大谈你的个人历史,他是在寻找有关你性格、资历、志向和生活动力的线索,来判断你是否适合读研或者MBA。

下面是一个积极正面回答的好例子:“在高中我参加各种竞争性体育活动,并一直努力提高各项运动的成绩。

大学期间,我曾在一家服装店打工,我发现我能轻而易举地将东西推销出去。

销售固然重要,但对我来说,更重要的是要确信顾客能够满意。

不久便有顾客返回那家服装店点名让我为他们服务。

我很有竞争意识,力求完美对我很重要。

”In high school I was involved in competitive sports and I always tried to improve in each sport I participated in.As a college student,I worked in a clothing store part-time and found that I could sell things easily.The sale was important,but for me,it was even more important to make sure that the customer was satisfied.It was not long before customers came back to the store and specifically asked for me to help them.I’m very competitive and it means a lot to me to be the best.2、What would you like to be doing five years after graduation?(在毕业以后5年内你想做些什么?)你要清楚你实际上能胜任什么。

四川大学华西医院2011-2015年博士研究生入学考试试题(2350生物化学)

四川大学华西医院2011-2015年博士研究生入学考试试题(2350生物化学)

四川大学华西医院2011-2015年博士研究生入学考试试题(2350生物化学)2015年1名词解释(40)2端粒(酶)3两性α-螺旋4GPCR5GWAS6磷酸无糖途径7长链非编码RNA8酮体9化学渗透学说10RNAi11Ubiquitination简答题(60分)1乳糖操纵子和色氨酸操纵子的调控作用2蛋白质结构与功能的关系3信号转导途径异常与疾病发生的关系,并设计一种可能的干扰手段4描述三种不同的组学研究方法及其在医药学中的应用5乙酰辅酶A在物质代谢中的重要作用6一般而言,DNA损伤对生物体都是有害的,但实质上也有有益的一面,即DNA损伤有双重效应,你如何解释这一观点。

2014年一、名词解释1 RNA splicing2 Apoptosis3 Instructs enzyme4 Stemp cell engering5 Systemic biology二、简答题1 例举关于2013年医学或生理学方面诺贝尔并说明其主要内容及自己的见解2 DNA复兴的影响因素:(1)阳离子浓度(2)温度Tm (3)DNA浓度3 计算题:酶比活性测定三、论述题1 青霉素与磺胺类药物的作用机制?2 真核生物与原核生物转录后的加工有何异同?3 对于几种人工合成底物与同一酶相结合时,酶与底物结合的亲和力大小不同,怎样说明?2013年一、名词解释(20分)1、信号肽2、前导肽3、模体4.G蛋白5.转化二简答题1. DNA复制、转录和翻译如何保真2.什么是酶抑制剂?简述有哪几种抑制剂,分别有什么特点?3.细胞信号转导三、论述题1、细胞核编码的蛋白的分选途径?2、下面三个因素是怎么影响DNA变性的:高浓度阳离子,低Tm值,高浓度的DNA?3、列出两个实验分离纯化蛋白,并说出原理,蛋白分子量和PI分别为64000、8.0; 18000、5.9; 6000、6.0。

2012年一、名词解释(20分)1、RNA splicing2、信号肽3、构型与构象4、蛋白质模体育结构域5、SiRNA二、分析简答题(32分)1、试述下列因素如何影响DNA的复性过程(1)阳离子(2)低于Tm温度(3)高浓度的DNA链2、双向电泳的原理及其应用3、重要细胞凋亡因子有哪些?其作用机制如何?4、有一种混合液含有A、B、C三种蛋白,这三种蛋白分子量,等电点如下:A 18000, 8.5;B 64000, 5.9 ;C 6000, 6.0 按分子量和等电点将其分离,纯化这三种蛋白,并列出鉴定方法。

四川大学华西医学院_重症医学2014--2017年考博真题试卷

四川大学华西医学院_重症医学2014--2017年考博真题试卷
第1页 共1页
四川大学华西医院
2015 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:重症医学 注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
PCT 结果的影响因素 严重高钠血症 CRRT 时的置换液配方调整 近年来 SAP 治疗进展方面的
第1页 共1页
四川大学华西医院
2016 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:重症医学 注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。 一、名词解释 肺顺应性 ECOM 重症超声 创伤死亡三角 SEPSIS3.0 二、简答题 1.限制性液体治疗。 2.感染性休克患者中激素的治疗原则。 三、论述题 1.重症患者的救治原则及流程 2.VAP 3.前负荷
第1页 共1页
四川大学华西医院
2017 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:重不给分。 一、名词解释 1、 糖异常 2、 跨肺压 3、 EGDI 4、 容量反应性 5、 肺顺应性 6、 莱尔米特征 7、 路易体痴呆 二、简答题 1、重症患者识别。 2、感染性休克血管活性药物使用。 3、癫痫的用药原则。 4、黄斑回避及其机制。 三、问答题 重症患者镇静阵痛原则及流程,休克,肺保护性通气策略。
第1页 共1页
pct结果的影响因素症严重高钠血症crrt时的置换液配方调整来近年来sap治疗进展方面的第1页共1页四川大学华西医院2016年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题考试科目
四川大学华西医院
2014 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:重症医学 注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
  1. 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
  2. 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
  3. 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
3.Hands-only CPR
4.capillary leak syndrome
5.TAS
6.capillary refill time
7.hepatorenal syndrome
8.CPC Scale
二、简答题(共7题)
1、心肺复苏电治疗要点。
2、毒菌中毒临床表现和救治。
3、创伤致凝血功能障碍防治要点。
4、急诊多重耐药菌的防控和隔离措施。
三、病案分析
女,48岁,“发热2天,意识障碍半天”,查体T39.5摄氏度,心率120次/分,血压98/7?mmHg,呼吸26次/分。
还需病史资料体征,首先检查,救治措施,鉴别。
四川大学华西医院
2016年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:急诊医学
注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释
1.CPV
2.AAS
3.ROSC
4.PCAS
5.ECMO
6.SVO2
7.IIT
8.IMS
二、简答题
1.检伤分类法。
2.阿片类中毒急救。
3.创伤FAST超声检查方法。
4.社区获得性肺炎的严重程度评价方法。
5.据,治疗方案。
2.2015心肺复苏指南更新内容。
医学考博
历年真题试卷
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
四川大学华西医院
2015年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目:急诊医学
注意:所有答案一律写在答题纸上,写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、名词解释(共8个)
1.STE-ACS
2.NYAH classification heart failure
相关文档
最新文档