阅读训2.
部编版四年级语文阅读理解专项训练2(含答案)
（4）你最喜欢外婆家的哪一个季节？请简要写明原因。
季节：________原因：________2、划船的启示富尔敦是美国的工程师、发明家。
富尔敦小时候只爱画画，不爱读书。
一天，老师对他说：“孩子，你只是图画画得好，别的（功攻）课都不行，会（流留）级的。
要重视科学知识的学习呀！”可是，他把老师的话当作耳边风。
有一次，富尔敦去（钓钩）鱼。
他坐的小船遇上了大风，划起船来费劲极了。
他想：“装上风帆只能随风飘游，还有什么好办法能改变这种（壮状）况呢？”不一会儿，风停了，富尔敦坐在空船里，把脚浸在河水中，心里还盘算着……不知不觉小船已经荡到河中心了。
他惊喜地发现，原来是两只脚不断摆水的结果。
他又想：“能不能用十字叉的轮子来代替划船的桨？轮子该怎么造？造好后装在什么位置最合适？船身又该怎样改装呢……这些问题靠画画不能解决，怎么办呢？这时候，富尔敦才领悟到老师的话是对的，决心重视学习科学知识。
从此，富尔敦发奋读书，进步很快，后来成为第一艘蒸汽轮船的发明者。
（1）选出括号里不恰当的字。
（2）从这篇短文中找出下面词语的反义词。
轻视________ 省力________（3）在“心里还盘算着”的后面是省略号，省略去的内容大约是________。
（4）根据课文理解，选择正确的答案（）A.富尔敦是个聪明的孩子，他知错就改。
B.要想有所作为，就要重视学习科学知识。
C.富尔敦的老师很会教育自己的学生。
D.只要多参加活动，就能增长见识。
3．阅读短文，回答问题。
钱塘江观潮的（功攻）课都不行，会（流留）级的。
要重视科学知识的学习呀！”可是，他把老师的话当作耳边风。
有一次，富尔敦去（钓钩）鱼。
他坐的小船遇上了大风，划起船来费劲极了。
他想：“装上风帆只能随风飘游，还有什么好办法能改变这种（壮状）况呢？”不一会儿，风停了，富尔敦坐在空船里，把脚浸在河水中，心里还盘算着……不知不觉小船已经荡到河中心了。
他惊喜地发现，原来是两只脚不断摆水的结果。
五年级下语文第四单元课外阅读训练题2含答案 人教统编版
五年级下语文第四单元课外阅读训练题（一）失去记忆的老人在斯德哥尔摩的一条主要街道上，上下班时经常能看到一位老人在街角站立。
他昂首挺胸，目视前方，像一尊雕塑。
我到瑞典不久，人们就建议我去看看这“街头一景”。
那是立春后的一个早上，我匆匆去上班，果然在那个街角看到了他。
在我驻足的一两分钟里，他向右踱着碎步，头偏向右方，做着“向右看齐”的动作，然后又甩过头，保持垂首并脚的立正姿势，“他可能是个退伍军人。
”我脑子里一下子闪过这个念头。
我向路过的几个行人打听，这位老人是谁？为什么站在这儿？他们不是摇摇头，就是摊开两只手。
瑞典夏天阵雨多。
有一次我经过那位老人身边，正赶上下雨。
他既没穿雨衣，也没打雨伞，仍然笔直地站在街角。
雨水顺着他的头发流到面颊上，他好像根本不知道似的。
我立即将伞撑到他的头顶上，直到雨住了，才离开，他没说一句话，甚至也没看我一眼。
后来，我去了丹麦，入冬才返回瑞典。
第二天上班经过那条街，没有碰到他，心里空落落的，下班后，飘起了大雪．我急急地赶到那个街角。
老人正在那儿站着，帽子上落满了雪，胡须上挂着白色的雪花，活像一位圣诞老人，一个五、六岁的小男孩在他身边抓雪玩．眼光不时飘向老人，我便走过去问那男孩：“你认识这位老人吗？”“他是我爷爷，”我猜中了，便又装作漫不经心的样子，说：“我猜你爷爷在给什么人站岗、是吗？”“给国王。
”孩子脱口而出。
我便顺着孩子的思路、故意逗他往下讲：“可是．国王不是住在皇宫里吗？你爷爷怎么在这儿站岗呢？”孩子眨了眨眼睛，像在想什么，但他什么也没说，又去抓雪玩。
当时我真想走过去同老人谈一谈，但望着他那庄重的神情，这个念头立刻打消了。
我一直被老人的“谜”困扰着。
有一天，因工作需要，我请所在地区的值勤警察吃饭。
无意中，我提到了那位奇怪的老人，警察们听后面面相觑，空气好像一下子凝住了。
我不知道自己闯了什么祸，正想把话题岔开，一位警官缓缓站起来，整了整自己的制服。
神情庄重地说：“他是我们的前辈本德森，是一位干练的皇家卫队军官，受过多次嘉奖，三十多年前，他统领的马队受惊，为了士兵和其他人的安全，他死死拉住惊马，被拖出去几百米远，险些丧命。
【人教版】2020年高考语文总复习第二部分现代文阅读散文阅读训练(2)(含解析)新人教版
散文阅读训练(二) 归纳概括李仕才[对点练]阅读下面的文字，完成1～2题。
谁说春色不忧伤迟子建在我的故乡，十月便入冬了。
雪花是冬季的徽标，它一旦镶嵌在大地上，意味其强悍的统治开始了。
虽说年分四季，但由于南北不同和季节差异，四季的长度是不相等的，有的春短，有的秋长。
而我们那儿，最长的季节是冬天。
它裹挟着寒风，一吹就是半年，把人吹得脸颊通红，口唇干裂。
人们在呼号的风中得大声说话，不然对方听不清。
你走在户外，男人的髭须和女人的刘海，都被它染白了。
所以北国人在冬天，更接近童话世界的人，他们中谁没扮过白须神翁和白毛仙姑呢？被寒流折磨久了、被炉火烤得力气弱、被冬日单一蔬菜弄得食欲寡淡的人，谁不盼着春天呢？春天的到来是最铺张的。
三月中旬吧，就有它隐约的气息了。
连续几个晴天后，正午时屋檐会传来滴答滴答的水声，那是春天的第一声呼吸，屋顶的积雪开始融化了。
人们看见活生生的水滴，眼里泛着喜悦的光影。
但别高兴得太早，春天伸了一下舌头，扮个鬼脸，就不见了。
寒流的长鞭子又甩了出来，鞭打得人还不能脱下冬衣。
人们眼巴巴地看着屋檐滴水时凝结的冰溜儿，就像望着脆弱的琴弦，不敢把动人的旋律弹奏。
到了四月初，屋顶的积雪全然融化了，家家的白屋顶露出了本色，红瓦的现出热烈的红色，青瓦的现出深沉的钢青色，这时春天的脚步真的近了。
雪花隐遁，天空由灰白变成淡蓝，太阳苍白的面庞有了暖色，河岸柳树泛红，林中向阳山坡的达子香花，羞答答地打骨朵了，人们饲养的家禽，开始在冬窝里频频伸展翅膀，想啄春天的第一口湿泥，做自己的口红。
这时的春天怎么说呢，是婚日的盛装的新娘，呼之欲出了！到了五月，春天波涛汹涌地来了，所有的生命都荡漾在它明媚的波涛里！地上的草，林中的树，园田的菜圃，呈现着一派娇嫩的绿；山间原野的花儿，姹紫嫣红，争奇斗艳，蓝的如宝石，红的如玛瑙，白的如珍珠，金黄的如琥珀。
这时窗缝的封条撕下来了，门上用于抵御寒风的棉毡也取下来了，人们换下棉衣棉裤，家禽们又可以寻觅园田肥美的虫子，作为它们的小点心了！但这样的春色，也许过于寻常，并没有烙印在我心灵深处。
高三英语阅读拓展训练2：都江堰
高中英语阅读拓展训练2：都江堰阅读训练：阅读短文，从题中所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
DujiangyanDujiangyan is the oldest man-made water system in the world, and a wonder in the development of Chinese science. Built over 2,200 years ago in what is now Sichuan Province in Southwest China, this amazing engineering achievement is still used today to irrigate over 6,000 square kilometers of farmland, take away floodwater and provide water for 50 cities in the province.In ancient times, the region in which Dujiangyan now stands suffered from regular floods caused by overflow from the Minjiang River. To help the victims of the flooding, Li Bing, the region governor, together with his son, decided to find a solution. They studied the problem and discovered that the river most often overflowed when winter snow at the top of the nearby Mount Yulei began to melt as the weather warmed.The simplest fix was to build a dam, but this would have ruined the Minjiang River. So instead Li designed a series of channels built at different levels along Mount Yulei that would take away the floodwater while leaving the river flowing naturally. Better still, the extra water could be directed to the dry Chengdu Plain, making it suitable for farming.Cutting the channels through the hard rock of Mount Yulei was a remarkable accomplishment as it was done long before the invention of gunpowder and explosives. Li Bing found another solution. He used a combination of fire and water to heat and cool the rocks until they cracked and could be removed. After eight years of work, the 20-meter-wide canals had been carved through the mountain.Once the system was finished, no more floods occurred and the people were able to live peacefully and happily. Today, Dujiangyan is admired by scientists from around the world because of one feature. Unlike modern dams where the water is blocked with a huge wall, Dujiangyan still lets water flow through the Minjiang River naturally, enabling ecosystems and fish populations to exist in harmony.1. What are the benefits of Dujiangyan according to the first paragraph?A. Reducing flooding and watering farmland.B. Protecting the mountain and reducing flooding.C. Watering farmland and improving water quality.D. Drying the river and supplying cities with water.2. What was the main cause of the Minjiang River's flooding?A. Heavy rain.B. Melting snow.C. Low river banks.D. Steep mountains.3. How was Li Bing able to break through the rocks of Mount Y ulei?A. By using gunpowder.B. By flooding the rocks with water.C. By applying a heating and cooling technique.D. By breaking the rocks with hammers and spades.4. Why is Dujiangyan greatly admired by scientists today?A. It preserves much of the natural river life.B. It took very little time to complete the project.C. The building techniques used were very modern.D. It has raised the living standards of the local people.变式训练1：语法填空在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式并说明原因。
人教部编版四年级语文上册--阅读理解专题训练2-同步练习题(含答案)
部编版四年级语文上册--阅读理解专题训练2一、快妈妈我的妈妈有个特点，就是不管干什么事都很快。
我管妈妈叫“快妈妈”。
妈妈不是会织毛衣吗？她不知道一年中给大伙织过多少毛衣毛裤。
一次，我家的邻居给别人加工毛衣的前身，结果期限快到了，还剩下十多件毛衣前身没织出来，正在发愁，这事恰巧被妈妈知道了，她便去拿了五件。
回到家里，我对妈妈说：“你拿这么多毛线回来干啥呀？”妈妈微微一笑说：“这几天邻居张阿姨家活紧，我闲着也没事，帮她织毛衣。
”我极不情愿地小声嘟哝：“家里的活就够你忙的了，自找麻烦。
”“看你说的，咱有难处时，邻居们不是都很照顾吗？人帮人图个啥？还不是图个心里踏实吗？你前些天不是还给我讲你们老师告诉你，能给别人做事本身就是一种幸福吗？怎么这么快就忘了？”我不好意思了。
晚饭后，妈妈就不停地织起来。
当我一觉醒来时，妈妈还在“飞针走线”，朦胧中，我看见妈妈的手在飞快地抖动，却辨不出何时“飞针”，何时“走线”，只见线团在变“瘦”，毛衣在“长”长。
不过一天一夜的工夫，妈妈就织了三件，五件活两天的时间就织完了。
你说这不是“快妈妈”吗？妈妈不但织毛衣快，干家务活更快。
一天晚上，邻居张阿姨家里有客，包饺子忙不过来，便叫妈妈帮忙。
这回她算请对人了。
妈妈去了不到一个钟头，饺子就包完了，乐得张阿姨眉开眼笑。
你说，我妈妈够得上是“快妈妈”吧！1．本文是按_____________________的结构方式来写的。
2．用“”画出文中的过渡句。
3．本文记叙了“快妈妈”的两件事。
第一件：_________________________________________________第二件：________________________________________________其中第( )件事是作者重点记叙的。
4．文中的“妈妈”有什么特点？从这的两件事中，可以看出“妈妈”这个人物具有怎样的思想品质？(1)妈妈的特点：_____________________________________________(2)妈妈的思想品质：_________________________________________5．“快妈妈”让我想到了奔跑很快的________(填动物名称)。
专八阅读训练 2
Reading 2In this section there are five reading passages followed by twenty multiple choice questions. Read the passages and then mark your answers in your ANSWER SHEET.TEXT APanic and Its EffectsOne afternoon while she was preparing dinner in her kitchen, Anne Peters, a 32-year old American housewife, suddenly had severe pains in her chest accompanied by the shortness of breath. Terrified by the thought she was having a heart attack, Anne screamed for help. Her frightened husband immediately rushed Ann to a nearby hospital where, to her great relief, her pains were diagnosed as having been caused by panic, and not a heart attack.More and more Americans nowadays are having panic attacks like the one experienced by Anne Peters. Benjamin Crocker, a psychiatrist and assistant director of the Anxiety Disorders Clinic at the University of Southern California, reveals that as many as ten million adult Americans have already or will experience at least one panic attack in their lifetime. Moreover, studies conducted by the National Institute of Mental Health in the United States disclose that approximately 1.2 million adult individuals are currently suffering from severe and recurrent panic attack.These attacks are spontaneous and inexplicable and may last for a few minutes; some, however, continue for several hours, not only frightening the victim but also making him or her wholly disoriented. The symptoms of panic attack bear such remarkable similarity to those of heart attack that many victims are convinced that they are indeed having a heart attack.Panic attack victims show the following symptoms: they often become easily frightened or feel uneasy in situations where people normally would not be afraid; they suffer shortness of breath, dizziness or lightheadedness; experience chest pains, a quick heartbeat, tingling in the hands; a choking feeling, faintness, sudden fits of trembling, a feeling that persons and things around them are not real; and most of all, a fear of dying or going crazy. A person seized by a panic attack may show all or as few as four of these symptoms.There has been a lot of conjecture as to the cause of panic attack. Both laymen and experts alike claim that psycho,logical stress could be a logical cause, but as yet, no evidence has been found to support this theory. However, studies show that more women than men experience panic attack and people who drink a lot as well as those who take marijuana or beverages containing a lot of caffeine are more prone to attacks.Dr. Wayne Keaton, an associate professor of psychiatry at the University of Washington Medical School, claims thatthere are at least three signs that indicate a person is suffering from panic attack rather than a heart attack. The first is age. People between the ages of 20 and 30 are more often victims of panic attack. The second is sex. More women suffer from recurrent panic attacks than men, while heart attack rarely strikes women before their menopause. The third is the multiplicity of symptoms. A panic attack victim usually suffers at least four of the previous mentioned symptoms while a heart attack victim often experience only pain and shortness of breath.It is generally concluded that panic attack does not endanger a person' s life. All the same, it can unnecessarily disrupt a person' s life by making him or her so afraid that he or she will have a panic attack in a public place that he or she may refuse to leave home and may eventually become isolated from the rest of society. Dr. Crocker' s advice to any person who thinks he is sufferingfrom panic attack is to consult a doctor for a medical check-up to rule out the possibilities of physical illness first. Once it has been confirmed that he or she is, in fact, suffering from panic attack, the victim should seek psychological and medical help.16. According to the passage, panic attack is[A] both frightening and fatal. [B] actually a form of heart attack.[C] more common among women than men. [D] likely to last several hours.17. One factor both panic and heart attacks have in common is[A] a feeling of faintness. [B] uncontrollable movements.[C] a horror of going mad. [D] difficulty in breathing.18. It is indicated in the last paragraph that panic attack may[A] make a victim reluctant to leave home any more. -[B] threaten a victim' s physical well-being.[C] cause serious social problems for the victim' s family.[D] prevent a victim from enjoying sport anymore.19. Dr. Crocker suggests that for panic attack sufferers[A] physical fitness is not so crucial.[B] a medical checkup is needed to confirm the illness.[C] psychological and medical help is necessary.[D] nutritional advice is essential to cure the disease.TEXT BHow the Smallpox War Was WonThe world' s last known case of smallpox was reported in Somalia, the horn of Africa, in October 1977. The victim was a young cook called Ali Maow Maalin. His case became a landmark in medical history, for smallpox is the first communicable disease ever to be eradicated.The smallpox campaign to free the world of smallpox has been led by the World Health Organization. The Horn of Africa, embracing the Ogaden region of Ethiopia and Somalia, was one of the last few smallpox ridden areas of the world when the WHO-sponsored Smallpox Eradication Program (SEP) got underway there in 1971.Many of the 25 million inhabitants, mostly farmers and nomads living in a wildness of desert, bush and mountains, already have smallpox. The problem of tracing the disease in such formidable country was exacerbated by continuous warfare in the area.The program concentrated on an imaginative policy of "search and containment". Vaccination was used to reduce the widespread incidence of the disease, but the success of the campaign depended on the work of volunteers. There were men, paid by the day, who walked hundreds of miles in search of "rumors" ?information about possible smallpox cases.Often these rumors turned out to be cases of measles, chick pox or syphilis ?but nothing could be left to change the program progressed the disease was gradually brought under control. By September 1976 the SEP made its first that no new cases had been reported. But that first optimism was short-lived. A three:year-old girl called Amina Salat, from a dusty village in the Ogaden in the south-east of Ethiopia, had given smallpox to a young nomad visitor. Leaving the village the nomad had walked across the border into Somalia. There he infected 3,000 people, and among them had been the cook, Ali. It was further 14 months before the elusive "target zero" ?no further cases ?was reached.Even now, the search continues in "high risk" areas and in parts of the country unchecked for some time. The flow of rumors has now diminished to a trickle ?but each must still be checked by a qualified person.Victory is in sight, but two years must pass since the "last case" be fore an international declare that the world is entirely free from smallpox.20. All Maow Maalin' s case is significant because he was the[A] last person to be cured of smallpox in Somalia.[B] last known sufferer of smallpox in the world.[C] first smallpox victim in the Horn of Africa.[D] first Somalian to be vaccinated for smallpox.21. The work to stamp out smallpox was made more difficult by[A] people' s unwillingness to report cases. [B] the lack of vaccine.[C] the backwardness of the region. [D] the incessant local wars.22. The volunteers mentioned were paid to[A] find out about the reported cases of smallpox.[B] vaccinate people in remote areas.[C] teach people how to treat smallpox.[D] prevent infected people from moving around.23. Nowadays, smallpox investigations are only.carried out[A] at regular two-yearly intervals.[B] when news of an outbreak occurs.[C] in those areas with previous history of the disease.[D] by a trained professional.TEXT CThe Form Master' s observations about punishment were by no means without their warrant at St. James' s school. Flogging with the birch in accordance with the Eton fashion was a great feature in its curriculum. But I am sure no Eton boy, and certainly no Harrow boy of my day, ever received such a cruel flogging as this headmaster was accustomed to inflict upon the little boys who were in his care and power. They exceeded in severity anything that would be tolerated in any of the Reformatories under the Home Office. My reading in later life has supplied me with some possible explanations of his temperament. Two or three times a month the whole school was marshalled in the Library, and one or more delinquents were hauled off to an adjoining apartment by the two head boys, and there flogged until they bled freely, while the rest sat quaking, listening to their screams...How I hated this school, and what a life of anxiety Hived there for more than two years. I made very little progress at my lessons, and none at all games. I counted the days and the hours to the end of every term, when I should return home from this hateful servitude and range my soldiers in line of battle on the nursery floor. The greatest pleasure I had in those days was reading. When I was nine and a half my father gave me Treasure Island and I remember the delight with which I devoured it. My teacher saw me at once backward and precocious, reading books beyond my years and yet at the bottom of the form. They were offended. They had large resources of compulsion at their disposal, but I was stubborn. Where myreason, imagination or interest were not engaged, I would not or I could not learn. In all thetwelve'years I was at school no one ever succeeded in making me write a Latin verse or learn any Greek except the alphabet. I do not at all excuse myself for this foolish neglect of opportunities procured at so much expense by my parents and brought so forcibly to my attention by my preceptors. Perhaps if I had been introduced to the ancients through their history and customs, instead of through their grammar and syntax, I might have had abetter record.24. Which of the following statements about flogging at St. James' s school is NOT correct?[A] Corporal punishment was accepted in the school:[B] Flogging was part of the routine in the school.[C] Flogging was more severe in schools for juvenile delinquents.[D] The Headmaster' s motive for flogging was then rather obscure.25. When he was back at home, the author enjoyed[A] playing war games. [B] dressing up like a soldier.[C] reading war stories. [D] talking to soldiers.26. "They had large resources of compulsion at their disposal." means that the teachers[A] had tried to suspend him from school several times.[B] had physically punished him quite a lot.[C] had imposed upon him many of their ideas.[D] had tried to force him to learn in many different ways.27. The author failed to learn Greek because -[A] he lacked sufficient intelligence. [B] he could not master the writing system.[C] of his parents' attitude to the subject. [D] the wrong teaching approach was used.TEXT DI HA VE A DREAM ----30 Years Ago and NowFew issues are as clear as the one that drew a quarter-million Americans to the Lincoln Memorial 30 years ago this August 28. "America has given the Negro people a bad check", the nation was told. It has promised quality but delivered second-class citizenship because of race. Few orators could define the justice as eloquently as Martin Luther King Jr. whose words on that sweltering day remain etched in the public consciousness: "I have a dream that my four little children will one day live in a nation where they will not be judged by the color of their skin but by the content of their character."The march on Washington had been the dream of a black labor leader. A. Philip Randolph who was a potent figure in the civil-rights movement. But it was King who emerged as the symbol of the black people' s struggle. His "I have a dream" speech struck such an emotional chord that recordings of it were made, sold, bootlegged and resold within weeks of its delivery. The magic of the moment was that it gave white America a new prospective on black America and pushed civil rights forward on the nation' s agenda.When the march was planned by a coalition of civil rights, union and church leaders, nothing quite like it had ever been seen. Tens of thousands of blacks streamed into the nation' s capital by car, bus, train and foot, an invading army of the disenfranchised singing freedom songs and demanding rights. By their very members, they forced the world' s greatest democracy to face an embarrassing question: How could America continue on a course that denied so many the simple amenities of a water fountain or a lunch counter? Or the most essential element ?of democracy the vote?Three decades later, we still wrestle with questions of black and white, but now they are confused by shades of gray. The gap persists between the quality of black life and white. The urban underclass has grown more entrenched. Bias remains. And the nation is jarred from time to time by sensational cases stemming from racial hate. But the clarity of the 1963 issue is gone. No longer do governors stand in schoolhouse doors. Nor do signs bar blacks from restaurants or theaters; It is illegal to deny African-Americans the vote. There are 7,500 black elected officials, including 338 mayors and 40 members of Congress, plus a large black middle class. And we are past the point when white American must look to one eloquent leader to answer the question "What does the Negro want ?"The change is reflected in the variety of causes on the wish list of this year' s anniversary march on Washington. Health care reform. Job training. Religious freedom for American Indians. Statehood for the District of Columbia. Head Start for young people. Security for the disabled. And an end to racism. The compelling issue of 1963 ?discrimination ?today is more a matter of dark hearts than evil laws. And the legislative agenda of modern?day marchers is American, not black.28. According to the passage, the recording of King' s speech became a best-seller largely because[A] the march was a dream of the black people in U. S..[B] it presented a new way of looking at Afro ?Americans.[C] tens of thousands of people listened to the speech.[D] the speech was basically dressed to the black people.29. From the passage we learn that the original march on Washington[A] highlighted the hypocrisy of America' s democratic system.[B] was made up of one particular segment of black society.[C] reflected previous demonstrations.[D] was also attended by white people.30. "Three decades later we still wrestle with questions of black and white, but now they are confused by shades of gray". The underlined part means that[A] the questions now concern American Indians.[B] racial hate in the U.S. is diminishing.[C] the future is promising for the issue of human rights.[D] the clarity between the black and white is gone.31. It is implied at the end of the passage that[A] color discrimination is no longer a problem.[B] existing laws against racial discrimination need amending.[C] present-day causes of protest are more diversified than before.[D] all black Americans have become better off.TEXT EBandwagonEver hear of the small, rat like animal called the lemming? Lemmings are arctic rodents with a very odd habit: periodically, for reasons no one entirely knows, they mass together in large herd and commit suicide by rushing into deep water and drowning themselves. They all run in together, blindly, and not one of them ever seems to stop and ask, "Why am I doing this? Is this really what I want to do?" and thus save itself from destruction. Obviously, lemmings are driven to performtheir strange suicide rites by common instinct. People choose to "follow the herd" for more complex reasons, yet we are still too often the unwilling victims of the bandwagon appeal. Essentially, the bandwagon urges us to an action or an opinion because it is popular?because "everyone else is doing it". This call to "get on the bandwagon" appeals to the strong desire in most of us to be one of the crowd, not to be left out or alone. Advertising makes extensive use of the bandwagon appeal ("join the Pepsi people"), but so do politicians ("Let us join together in this great cause"). Senator Yakalot uses the bandwagon appeal when he says that "More and more citizens are rallying to my cause every day," and asks his audience to "join them ?and me in ?our fight for America."One of the ways we can see the bandwagon appeal at work is in the overwhelming success of various fashions and trends which capture the interest (and the money) of thousands of people for a short time, then disappear suddenly and completely. For a year or two in the fifties every child in North America wanted a coonskin cap so that they could be like Davy Crockett; no one wanted to be left out. After that there was the hula hoop craze that helped to dislocate thousands of Americans. More recently, what made millions of people rush out to buy their very own "pet rocks"?The problem here is obvious, just because everyone' s doing it doesn' t mean that we should too. Group approval does not approve that something is true or is worth doing. Large numbers of people have supported actions we now condemn. Just a generation ago, Hitler and Mussolini rose to absolute and catastrophically repressive rule in two of the most sophisticated and cultured countries of Europe. When they came into power they were welled up by massive popular 'support from millions of people who didn' t want to be "left out" at a great historical moment.Once the mass begins to move ?on the bandwagon ?it becomes harder and harder to perceive the leader riding the bandwagon. So don' t be a lemming, rushing blindly on to destruction because "everyone else is doing it". Stop and ask, "Where is this bandwagon headed? Never mind about everyone else, is this what is best for me?..."As we have seen, propaganda can appeal to us by arousing our emotions or distracting our attention from the real issues at hand. But there' s a third was that propaganda can be put to work against us ?by the use of faulty logic. This approach is really more subtle, than the other two because it gives the appearance of reasonable, fair argument. It is only when we look more closely that the holes in the logic fibre show up.32. The writer cites the mass suicide of lemmings in order to[A] raise public awareness. [B] support his point of view.[C] justify bandwagon appeal. [D] discredit their habit.33. In the passage, bandwagon appeal refers to[A] a mass consensus among young people.[B] a universal way of thinking.[C] the pursuit of a moral code of behavior.[D] the desire to support a popular course of action.34. Which of the following is NOT given by the writer to show bandwagon appeal at work?[A] Fighting for America. [B] Advertising.[C] Political campaigning. [D] Following fashion.35. In the writer' s opinion, propaganda can cause more harm by[A] arousing our emotions. [B] distracting our attention.。
课外阅读训练 (2)
驴子的苦恼大家都笑驴子笨，驴子很苦恼。
他百思不得其解：“怎么大家都说我笨呢？”一天，他听说小猩猩智慧过人，便登门请教。
小猩猩了解情况后，眼睛眨巴几下，问道：“你白天做什么呀？”驴说：“蒙着两只眼睛，一个劲儿地拉着磨盘转呀！我干活可是相当卖力气，主人很赏识我，干完活总会犒劳我好多草料。
”“早晨和晚上做什么呢？”“我每天不是大口大口地嚼草料，就是呼噜呼噜地睡大觉。
”“那么，”小猩猩盯着驴子认真地问，“你什么时间思考呢？”思考驴子听了这个词万分惊讶地问我的生活有了吃睡和拉磨已经很充实了干嘛还要思考呢“好了，你提出的问题有答案了。
”小猩猩肯定地说。
驴子却还是一头雾水，想也想不明白，只好接着回去呼噜呼噜地睡大觉了。
1.你一定能在文中找出下面词语的近义词。
欣赏——（）讨教——（）惊奇——（）苦闷——（）确定——（）2.你一定能在文中找出下面词语的反义词。
买——（）早——（）黑——（）空虚——（）糊涂——（）3.标点符号我会填。
思考驴子听了这个词万分惊讶地问我的生活有了吃睡和拉磨已经很充实了干嘛还要思考呢4.我会用带点的词写一句话。
我每天不是．．呼噜呼噜地睡大觉。
．．大口大口地嚼草料，就是_____________________________________________________5.他百思不得其解．．．．．．：“怎么大家都说我笨呢？”带点词的意思是（）①想了整整一百次也无法理解②怎么想也想不明白6.“好了，你提出的问题有答案了。
”这个答案是什么？_____________________________________________________生命之水有个老国王，他生了一种怪病，他的三个儿子非常地担心。
他们听说有一种“生命之水”可以治百病，于是他们决定去寻找“生命之水”。
大王子首先出发，在路途中遇到一个矮人。
矮人说：“你匆匆忙忙地要去哪儿啊？”大王子傲慢地回答：“笨矮人，不关你的事。
”矮人很生气，便念了一个咒语把王子关在山谷里不让他出来。
统编版语文二年级上册 必读书阅读训练二(含答案)
必读书阅读训练二学做读书计划表一、读《一只想飞的猫》，制作一份读书计划表。
二、读精彩片段，做练习。
“我当然会飞！”猫想也不想，立刻大声地回答出来。
鸭子歪着脖子，又像近视眼似的仔细看看猫，暗地思忖着：他有翅膀？鹅昂起了头，伸长了脖子，默默地想：猫啊，你不该这样夸口！太骄傲了不是？“呃，应该谦虚点！”公鸡抖一抖他的花衣服，提起了一只脚，放下去又换了一只脚。
“那么，你当场就飞给咱们看看！”小麻雀很不服气。
公鸡也忍不住了：“猫兄弟，咱们失敬了！从来不知道你会飞！”猫不作声，他有点儿后悔了。
但是当他看见大家的眼光都射在他身上，就想起：我是猫！一伸爪子就逮住十三个耗子！一甩尾巴就钓起一条大乌鱼！难道我就在这些小子们面前丢脸不成！他越想越恼，露出了牙齿，粗暴地说：“好吧，我飞给你们看！”于是猫昂着头，弓着身子，屈着两条后脚，翘起尾巴，注视着银杏树顶，眼睛里几乎冒出火来，用力往上一蹿，抓住了一根树枝。
“瞧吧，我不是飞起来了吗？”猫喘着气说。
1．【提取信息】猫在________、________、________和________的质疑下，表演了一次“飞翔”。
2．【提取信息】故事中的猫飞起来了吗？选一选。
()A．飞来了，他飞到了大树的上面。
B．他只是跳起来抓住了一根树枝。
3．【作出评价】你喜欢这只猫吗？为什么？________________________________________________________________________参考答案必读书阅读训练二一、1.黄蝴蝶和白蝴蝶 2.公鸡 3.喜鹊二、1.鸭子鹅公鸡小麻雀 2.B3．不喜欢，因为这只猫骄傲自大、目空一切、自吹自擂。
六年级语文阅读理解训练(二)-写人记叙文阅读
六年级语文阅读理解训练（二）-写人记叙文阅读阅读训练（二）题前指导写人类文章，一般是指以写人为主的记叙文。
这类文章，主要通过对人物外貌、语言、动作、心理的描写，通过一件或几件典型事例的叙述，来表现人物的思想品质和精神风貌。
知识梳理写人文章我们阅读时，应该注意以下三点。
1、熟悉文章所写的事情肖像描写例文：“客人年过半百，瘦削，脸上皱纹不很多，却深，尤其额上和眼角的几道，形似刀刻。
一头黑白相间的花发，鬓角却全白了，白得扎眼。
一件半袖浅灰衬衣，看样子穿在身上足有三四年了，洗得却透亮，规规整整地扎束在腰里。
客人没带什么东西，只有一只深蓝色的尼龙方便袋，空空瘪瘪的，绾了袋口放在腿上。
”语言描写［定义］通过人物语言的描绘来刻画人物性格。
要求人物语言具有个性和行动性，使读者能从特定的语言内容，乃至各具特色的说话腔调、惯用词汇及表达方式中，准确地把握不同人物独自的出身经历、习惯爱好，思想感情和性格特点，产生闻其声如见其人的艺术效果。
例文：门被打坏了，开了一个篮球大的窟窿。
班主任来了，瞪着眼：“谁踢坏的？”捣乱鬼董小天斜着眼，冷笑着：“鬼知道，又没有人叫我一定要看好门？”旁边的张小勇，朝老师做了鬼脸：“哈，开了窗，好通风。
”谁知这一下却惹恼了站在旁边的高芳芳。
“是董小天，他来时，一阵风正好把门关了，他就抬起脚，用力一踢。
”董小天脚一跺：“大白天别说梦话！你小心点，不要诬陷好人！”“我才不瞎说呢，大家都看见的。
你凭什么，做了坏事，还要耍嘴。
”老师说：“还有谁看见的？”“我，没看见。
”李星使劲地咽了一口水，神情恍惚。
点评；通过一系列的语言描写，将捣乱鬼董小天无事生非，油嘴滑舌；张小勇油嘴滑舌，混淆是非；高芳芳正义、勇敢，不留情面；李星性格软弱，胆小怕事，各自的思想境界以及性格特点描写得活灵活现。
行动描写［定义］对人物在一定的环境和社会关系中的行为动作进行具体生动的描绘。
人物的行动受其思想感情的制约，显示出某种社会意义。
现代文阅读训练及参考答案_2 艾叶香中寻玉佩
【美文赏读】艾叶香中寻玉佩邹凤岭①催春的雨，引得山茶流红，麦苗铺绿，湖色空蒙。
湖岸被雨水浇出一片嫩绿，艾叶散发着清雅的香气。
在这氤氲的艾香中，我又想起了儿时的情景。
②年幼的我跟在奶奶身后，走过村头的木桥：迎春花一片片，新生芦苇一丛丛。
雨水打湿高高晾起的渔网，细细地流进湖里。
我学着奶奶的样子，摘下一片嫩芽，仿佛闻到了那贴在锅里的艾饼的香甜。
雨后积在艾叶上的水滴从指缝滑落，“滴答”声融入醒来的土地。
②沿着当年的田间小路，我又回到了老屋。
老屋还是熟悉的模样，泥垒的墙、泥烧的瓦、泥砌的灶，连大门正面的照壁也是泥做的。
老屋南墙上，树枝支起的窗棂与木板拼成的门楣上方，挂着菖蒲与艾条。
窗棂下摆着老旧的石磨，这磨由上下两块尺寸相同的短圆形石块做成，磨拐是用门前大楝树的枝做成的，一端连接在上磨，一端用绳索系挂在灶房的横梁上。
我仿佛又听到石磨“吱吱”转动的响声，看到奶奶教我磨面的身影。
奶奶推动磨拐，石磨每转动一周，我就往磨眼里添加一小瓢碎米粒。
随着石磨一圈圈转动，细面就落在了磨盘里。
奶奶在面粉里加入焯过的艾叶，拌匀，做成小饼，贴在锅灶上。
生起红红的灶火，慢慢地煎。
随着木制锅盖下滴进铁锅的水溅声，热气带着那艾的香、面的甜，飘满村落。
③推开奶奶的房门，那个老旧的木箱子静静地守在屋角。
触摸脱去桐油的边框，那些往事愈加清晰。
④那年新年，奶奶打开木箱子，从箱底下摸出簇新的一角纸币，又从门楣上撕下一片红喜纸，包裹好，放在我贴身衣袋里，是给我的压岁钱。
就在打开木箱那一刻，我看到了一支黄亮亮的竹笛，红线系着颗玉心佩。
听父亲说，竹笛是爷爷生前留下的，玉心佩是奶奶的奶奶传下来的。
⑤再见玉心佩是在那个灾荒年，在遭遇连续的自然灾害后，村里人食不果腹，野菜不够充饥，我再没闻见艾饼的香气。
清明节前几天，我看见奶奶戴起那多年未戴的玉心佩，去了一趟老镇。
回来后，变戏法似的做出了艾叶饼。
我跟随奶奶去上坟，祭祀仪式毕，奶奶给了我一块小艾饼，将剩下的全都分给了跟来的孩子们。
小升初语文阅读训练汇总二(含答案)
(一）生之喜悦美国西海岸的边境城市圣迭戈的一家医院里，长年住着因外伤全身瘫痪的威廉•马修。
当阳光从朝南的窗口射入病房时，马修开始迎接来自身体不同部位的痛楚的袭击--病痛总是早上光临。
在将近一个小时的折磨中，马修不能翻身，不能擦汗，甚至不能流泪,他的泪腺由于药物的副作用而萎缩。
年轻的女护士为马修所经受的痛苦以手掩面，不敢正视。
马修说：“钻心的刺痛难忍，但我还是感激它——痛楚让我感到我还活着。
”马修住院的头几年，身体没有任何感觉，没有舒适感也没有痛楚感。
在医生的精心治疗下，有一部分神经已经再生，每天早上向中枢神经发出“痛"的信号。
在痛楚中发现喜悦，这在一般人看来简直是荒唐。
但置身马修的处境，就知道这种特定的痛楚不仅给他带来了喜悦,而且带来了希望。
当然一个重要前提在于，马修是一个意志坚强的人。
如果说,痛楚感是一处断壁残垣的话，无知觉则是死寂的沙漠。
痛楚感使马修体验到了“存在".从某种意义上说,这甚至是一种价值体现——医疗价值与康复价值的体现。
谁也不能保证可怜的马修能获得这一天，但他和医生一起朝这个方向努力,因而他盼望痛楚会在第二天早晨如期到来。
1、请概括这篇短文的主要内容。
答：2、联系上下文解释词语意思。
契机——断壁残垣——3、第三段划线的句子，饱含着主人公怎样的情感？可以看出马修是一个怎样的人？答：4、请谈一谈第三段画虚线句子的作用.答:5、理解题目“生之喜悦"的含义.(2分）答：（二)怀念南极①在南极这个最不适宜生命存活的地方,却最能感受到生命的美丽。
②这份美丽来自顽强。
在长城站西边的山麓中，有一个湖,也叫西湖,美丽如同西子,是长城站的水源。
一天早晨,我去西湖边散步,下雪了，长在石头上的地衣平时灰蒙蒙的，这时顶着丛丛雪花，煞是好看。
我真想采一丛留作纪念,但马上为这个念头而自责，因为科考队员告诉过我:它每生长一毫米,需要一百年。
这丛地衣高约四五厘米，算来已有几千年高寿.比起人来是“老祖宗”了,岂敢动它一指!③这份美丽来自和谐。
部编版语文三年级下册第三单元课外阅读训练(二)(含答案)
部编版语文三年级下册第三单元课外阅读训练(二)(含答案)本卷由系统自动生成，请仔细校对后使用，答案仅供参考。
绝密★启用前部编版语文三年级下册第三单元课外阅读训练（二）一、现代文阅读理解。
活字印刷术活字印刷术是一种古代印刷方法，是中国古代劳动人民经过长期实践和研究才发明的。
先制成单字的阳文反文字模，然后按照稿件把单字挑选出来，排列在字盘内，XXX印刷，印完后再将字模拆出，留待下次排印时再次使用。
活字印刷术的发明是印刷史上一次伟大的技术革命。
北宋庆历年间（1041—1048），中国的XXX发明的泥活字，标志着活字印刷术的诞生。
他是世界上第一个活字印刷术发明人，比德国人XXX·古腾堡的活字印刷术早约400年。
元代XXX 成功创制木活字，又发明了转轮排字。
明代中期，铜活字在江苏南京、无锡、苏州等地得到较多的应用。
1．（找中心句）短文第1自然段是围绕“_________________”这句话来写的。
第2自然段是围绕“_________________”这句话来写的。
2．（提取信息）根据短文内容，将活字印刷术的流程图补充完全。
制成______→按稿______→排列______→涂墨______→印完______→留待______3．（理解词语）结合上下文，用自己的话说说加点词语的意思。
1）中国的XXX发明的泥活字，标记着活字印刷术的诞生。
诞生”的意思是______________________________________________________ __。
（2）元代XXX成功创制木活字，又发明了转轮排字。
创制”的意思是______________________________________________________ __。
4．（品读句子）读下面的句子，体会作者是如何把意思表达得更准确、更有说服力的。
他是世界上第一个活字印刷术发明人，比德国人XXX·古腾堡的活字印刷术早约400年。
TEM4阅读训练(2)
Remember the drinking fountain, that once ubiquitous (到处存在的), and free, source of H2O? It seems quaint now. Instead, bottled water is everywhere, in offices, airplanes, stores, homes and restaurants across the country. We consumed over eight billion gallons of the stuff in 2006, a 10% increase from 2005. It’s refreshing, calorie-free, convenient to carry around, tastier than some tap water and a heck of a lot healthier than sugary sodas. But more and more, people are questioning whether the water, and the package it comes in, is safe, or at least safer than tap water — and if the convenience is worth the environmental impact.Evocative names and labels depicting pastoral scenes have convinced us that the liquid is the purest drink around. “But no o ne should think that bottled water is better regulated, better protected or safer than tap,” says Eric Goldstein, co-director of the urban program at the Natural Resources Defense Council (NRDC), a nonprofit organization devoted to protecting health and the environment.Yes, some bottled water comes from sparkling springs and other pristine (纯净的) sources. But more than 25% of it comes from a municipal supply. The water is treated, purified and sold to us, often at a thousandfold increase in price. Most people are surprise d to learn that they’re drinking glorified tap water, but bottlers aren’t required to list the source on the label. This year Aquafina will begin stating on labels that its H20 comes from public water sources. And Nestle Pure Life bottles will indicate whether the water comes from public, private or deep well sources. Dasani acknowledges on its website, but not on the label itself, that it draws from local water.Labels can be misleading at best, deceptive at worst. In one notorious case, water coming from a well located near a hazardous waste site was sold to many bottlers. At least one of these companies labeled its product “spring water”. In another case, H2O sold as “pure glacier water” came from a public water system in Alaska.Lisa Ledwidge, 38, of Minneapolis, stopped drinking bottled water a couple of years ago, partly because she found out that many brands come from a municipal supply. “You’re spending more per gallon than you would on gasoline for this thing that you can get out of the tap virtually for free,” she says. “I wondered, why am I spending this money while complaining about how much gas costs? But you don’t ever hear anyone complain about the price of bottled water.” Ledwidge says she now drinks only filtered tap water.(Reader’s Digest 2008)1.Which of the following is CORRECT as to bottled water?A.It’s tastier than sugary sodas.B.It’s healthier than tap water.C.It’s easier to access and take.D.It’s more expensive for its package.2.How does Eric Goldstein think about bottled water?A.It’s the pu rest drink around us.B.Its names and labels are out of date.C.It’s better protected and safer than tap water.D.Its quality may not fit to its advertisement.3.It can be inferred from the third paragraph that ________.A.municipal supply is the main source of bottled waterB.whether to lable the source depend on the bottlersC.bottlers must lable their bottled water supply sourceD.bottled water from Aquafina is safer than Dasani’s4.The two cases were mentioned by the author to ________.A.reveal the source of spring waterB.show the danger of waste sitesC.unveil the deception of labelsD.introduce the pure glacier water5.According to Lisa Ledwidge, ________.A.gas costs are higher than bottled water costsB.tap water is more economical than bottled waterC.bottled water has a price advantage over tap waterD.she prefers bottled water to the municipal supplyResearchers are trying to tell parents something about what kinds of video games children should be playing and how much time they should spend doing it. A new study concludes what you’ve already suspected: Young boys who play video games do worse on tests than children who don’t. Researchers who followed 64 boys from the ages of 6 to 9 for four months discovered that those who received a new PlayStation II gaming system earned lower reading and writing test scores than children who did not get the video game player. This comes on the heels of another recently reported study about video games, which concluded that kids who play violent video game become more aggressive and less caring — regardless of age, sex or culture — than young people who don’t play these games.The study on the effects of video games on schoolwork was conducted by Denison University Associate Professor Robert Weis and Brittany Cerankosky, who graduated from Denison in 2008. It is called “Effects of Video-Game Ownership on Young Boys’ Academic and Behavioral Functioning”, and will be published in Psychological Science.Boys who received the system also showed greater teacher-reported academic problems at follow-up than children in the comparison group. The researchers followed 64 young boys over four months. Parents of the 64 were promised a PlayStation II gaming system in exchange for their participation, plus three E rated games. But half the families were given the video gaming system immediately and half were promised if after four months. The children underwent a battery of tests before and after the four months and parents and teachers answered questions about how the boys behaved in school and at home.The conclusion show that, boys who were he first to get the PlayStations spent more time playing video games than the boys who didn’t get it immediately —39.3 minutes versus 9.3minutes. (The boys who didn’t get the gaming system right away played at a friend’s house). Boys who were given the PlayStation right away spent 18.2 minutes a day in after-school academic activities versus 31.6 minutes for the kids who weren’t. The boys who had the video games immediately achieved lower reading and writing tes t scores than those who didn’t. But the PlayStations seemed to have no effect on the boys’ math and problem solving skills.Cerankosky said in a statement on the Denison University Web site that there isn’t necessarily something inherent in video games tha t negatively affects kids. “It’s an activity that detracts from time that could be spent on schoolwork,” she said. If you are wondering why we needed a study to tell us that, the researchers say that conventional wisdom is not always accurate, and it is important to prove such beliefs through experimentation.(Washington Post 2010)6.Which of the following is CORRECT according to the first paragraph?A.The researchers call for a ban on children video games.B.Video games have less influence on girl’s performance.C.Evaluation is needed before buying children video games.D.The new PlayStation II gaming system is too violent to children.7.What can we learn from the follow-up study?A.All the 64 boys got a PlayStation II gaming system at start.B.Parents and teachers’ partic ipation contributed to the result.C.Children in the study were allowed to play games at class.D.Parents of the 64 boys were asked to buy their children video games.8.The study’s conclusions show that the PlayStations ________.A.are helpful in after-school academic activitiesB.have no direct influence on the boys’ math skillsC.can decrease the participants’ problem-solving skillsD.have no effect on the boys who didn’t get them firstly9.How does Cerankosky think about the video games?A.They negatively affect the child ren’s nature.B.They have no inherent influence on schoolwork.C.They can cause inaccurate conventional wisdom.D.They disorder the children’s time arrangement.10.What does this passage mainly talk about?A.The new PlayStation II gaming system.B.The academic performance of young boys.C.The study on video games and schoolwork.D.The negative effect of violent video games.Forget Black Friday. The real bargains this year are showing up on Cyber Monday, the first work day following Thanksgiving when people return to their offices, ignore the tasks at hand, and begin to surf the Internet in earnest for this year’s holiday gifts. Roughly 45% of online retailers expect their holiday sales to increase this year by at least 15% compared with 2008, according to the ind ustry group Shop. org. “People view the Internet as the place to save money and find the best prices through comparison shopping,” says Scott Silverman, Shop. org’s executive director.Online sales may be the lone sweet spot for retailers in this otherwise dismal economy. With double-digit unemployment and a foreclosure crisis that just won’t quit, consumers are expected to spend even less this season. Overall, the National Retail Federation expects consumers to spend an average of $682.74 on holiday-related gear, food, and gifts, compared with an average of $705.01 in 2008.While traditional retailers have had their ups and downs over the last decade, online sales have risen steadily since 1999. That’s when companies such as , Priceline, and eBay first rose to prominence, prompting Newsweek to proclaim that these three businesses had set out to “change the way you shop”. Since then, the sector has grown from a $4.6 billion industry to a $31.5 billion industry. “The story of the last decade is that there has been consistent 20% growth,”says Ken Casear, vice president of industry insights for the Nielsen Co., about online shopping.That growth may have something to do with online retailers’ willingness and ability to pass on their reduced overhead costs in the form of discounts to consumers. Roughly nine out of 10 online businesses recently surveyed by Shop. org planned to offer some type of promotion for Cyber Monday in the form of one-day sales, free shipping, and “deal of the hour” sales. Roughly 57% plan to offer free shipping this year; Target started waiving (推迟) shipping and handling fees on Nov. 1, a full two weeks before the promotion normally starts. This year, about 15% of all retailers will no longer require consumers to spend a certain amount of money to qualify for free shipping.F orm the retailers’ perspective, the best part about online holiday shopping is that its success is not measured on a single day. The results from Black Friday are often used to forecast consumers’ moods about the entire holiday season or, worse, the first quarter of the following year. By comparison, online holiday shopping remains steady throughout the month of December, says Andrew Lipsman, director of industry analysis for ComScore, a research firm. If there is a peak with holiday online sales, it happens over an entire workweek, usually between Dec. 10 and 15, he says.Even with this cheerleading over online sales, retail researchers acknowledge that e-commerce will never really usurp (取代) Black Friday. Online retail spending year-round —including spending on food, cars, and gas — still accounts for just 8% of retail sales overall, says Lipsman. “People like to get out into a store,” he says. “Black Friday is still a cultural phenomenon.”(Newsweek 2009)11.It can be concluded from the first paragraph that ________.A.Black Friday has lost its traditional meaningB.Cyber Monday means Thanksgiving dayC.online retailers may offer good bargainsD.Internet goes against firm’s routine tasks12.One cause for the National R etail Federation’s expectation of a consumer expenditure declineis ________.A.the online salesB.the quit of retailersC.the prosperous economyD.the high unemploymentpanies like Amazon. Com and eBay were mentioned to indicate ________.A.the ups and downs of traditional retailersB.the consistent rise of online shoppingC.the steadily growth of traditional retailersD.the retailers’ ad promotion on Newsweek14.For this year’s Cyber Monday, most online retailers will of fer the following EXCEPT ______.A.consumer discountsB.free shoppingC.one-day salesD.goods promotion15.We can infer from the retail researchers that ________.A.online sales will lead the retail marketB.online retail had no cultural meaningC.e-commerce is identical with Black FridayD.traditional shopping still holds the marketConsumers around the world want governments to stop haggling (争辩) and start acting on climate change, according to a survey carried out in 12 countries by a coalition of climate groups.Despite the looming prospect of a deep global recession, 43% of the 12,000 respondents of the survey chose climate change ahead of the global economy when asked about their current concerns. Worldwide, 77% of respondents wanted to see their governments cutting carbon by their fair share or more, in order to allow developing countries to grow their economies.The survey was carried out for the HSBC Climate Partnership, a collaboration between the international bank and climate NGOs including WWF, the Climate Group, Earthwatch Institute and the Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute.Lord Stern, and adviser to HSBC on economic development and climate change and former adviser to the UK government, said: “This research demonstrates the need for decisive action on climate change. The urgent challenge is to build a framework for a global deal so that consensus can be reached in Copenhagen and the discussions in Poznan are a critical stepping stone to achieving this. Now is the time to lay the foundations of a new form of growth that can transform our economies and societies.”The r esults of the group’s climate confidence monitor are based on an internet questionnaire presented to 1,000 people each in 12 countries: Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, France, Germany, Hong Kong, India, Malaysia, Mexico, UK and the US. The survey was conducted between mid-September and early October.Even in many emerging countries, people said their governments must reduce greenhouse gases — 62% of respondents in China said they should reduce emissions and only 4% said the country’s emissions should be a llowed to increase. In Mexico and Brazil, more than 80% wanted emissions cuts that tallied with (符合，吻合) their fair share of global targets — as high a level as in developed countries. In the US, 72% of people said their country should reduce emissions by at least as much as other countries.David Nussbaum, the chief executive of WWF-UK, said: “The current global economic crisis is a stark reminder of the consequences of living beyond our means. As the world looks to restore its economies we must build in long-term environmental as well as economic sustainability.”Steve Howard, chief executive of the Climate Group, a coalition of businesses and governments aimed at moving towards a low-carbon economy, said the survey showed that “politicians have the political will of the people behind them to come to an agreement on climate change. Politicians now have the support they need to seize this historic opportunity and secure a global deal on climate change.”(The Guardian 2008)16.According to Lord Stern, which form of growth is in need?prehensive growth.B.Balanced development.C.Sustainable development.D.Accelerated growth.17.What can we infer from Paragraph 6?A.The developing countries are not expected to be so active in emission cut.B.The developing countries shall cut as much emissions as the developed countries.C.The majority of the world population are in favor of the emission cut policy.D.People from the US are less active than those from the emerging countries.18.In Paragraph 7, the current economic crisis rings alarm for the following deeds EXCEPT ___.A.excessive consumption of energyB.development at the expense of natureC.excessive emission of carbon dioxideD.pre-mature consumption of goods19.The survey suggests that it’s time to make an agreement on climate change, because ______.A.there is a historic opportunityB.people’s support is in placeC.politicians have such kind of willD.delay may lead to serious result20.Which off the followings is the theme of the passage?A.It is more important to tackle climate changes than to develop economy.B.People call for a long-term environmental strategy to help restore our economy.C.Both developing and developed countries should cut down carbon emission.D.Politicians should reach an agreement on climate change issue as soon as possible.。
小学语文阅读训练100篇(2)
小学语文阅读训练100篇(2)-CAL-FENGHAI-(2020YEAR-YICAI)_JINGBIAN一碗水我们村后是密密的树林。
阳光透过树阴，照亮了爬满石壁的过山藤，照亮了石壁上潮湿的苔藓。
石壁下有一眼很小的泉水，叫“一碗水”。
这眼从石缝里浸出的泉水虽然小到只有一碗，可是一年到头都不会干涸。
有趣的是，它总是满满的一碗，既不浅下去，也不浸出来。
你可以一口气把它喝干，它呢，又会不紧不慢的浸得满满的。
小小的泉水虽然只有一碗，可是我们很喜欢它。
我们上山割草或者采蘑菇，一定到这里歇息、喝水。
我们来到树阴下，坐在石墩上，吃着各自带的午饭：粑粑、团饭，或者架起刺柴烧洋芋……你吃一点我的，我吃一点他的。
树叶卷成的“杯子”里盛满清清的泉水，像大人一样举杯高呼：“干杯”有时候，我们会看见小松鼠来喝水，看见喜鹊来喝水，看见一群竹鸡来喝水……你信不信，就连蝴蝶、蜜蜂也会来喝水！我们躲的远远的，不惊动这些树林里的小主人。
你看，小松鼠竖着尾巴，小眼睛那么亮！它喝一口水，很快地用脚爪擦擦嘴，“吱吱，吱吱！”好像说：“好甜，好甜！”山喜鹊飞来的时候，爱在那棵青松上停一停。
有一只先飞下来，“鹊，鹊鹊鹊！”它在招呼同伴：“快，快来呀！”大家都给下来，在泉水边跳着，潮湿的沙地上，留下了它们的爪印。
哟，潮湿的沙地上，有很多的爪印，有的像竹叶，有的像梅花……这一碗水，老人们说它是一眼灵泉。
难怪鸟儿们喝了它的水，唱得那么动听；小松鼠喝了它的水，显得那么机灵；村里的娃娃喝了它的水，一个个是那样聪明。
啊，它是大山的乳汁，它的水真甜！⒈选择下面各字的正确读音，用“√”标出。
树阴（yìn yīn）爪（zhǎo zhuǎ）印苔藓（xiǎn xuǎn）⒉这篇短文围绕着什么来写的？⒊作者是怎样具体描写“一碗水”的样子的？在文中用横线画出有关语句。
⒋文中写道：“潮湿的沙地上，有很多的爪印，有的像竹叶，有的像梅花……”想象一下，这些爪印是哪些动物的⒌体会体会，你觉得这篇短文表达了怎样的思想感情__________________________________________________⒍你喜欢这“一碗水”吗为什么瓦雨，哗哗地下着，打在瓦的身上，它默默地忍受着；雪厚厚地压在瓦的身上，它以顽强的毅力承受着；风呼呼地刮着，多么残酷而又无情，然而瓦却不发出一声呻吟，多么坚强的瓦啊!世上有人喜爱美丽的鲜花，有人欣赏壮丽的山水，更有人流连精巧的亭台阁榭，却很少会有人注意平凡的瓦，因为它默默无闻地生活在世界上。
初一文言文阅读训练(2)
初一文言文阅读训练（2）王著教帝学书太宗朝①，有王著学右军②书，深得其法，侍书翰林③。
帝听政④之余，留心笔札，数遣内侍⑤持书示著，著每以为未善，太宗益刻意临学。
又以问著，对如初。
或询其意，著曰：“书固佳矣，若遽⑥称善，恐帝不复用意。
”其后，帝笔法精绝，超越前古，世以为由著之规⑦益也。
（王辟之《渑水燕谈录》卷七）【注释】①朝：一代君主的统治时期。
②右军：指晋代著名书法家王羲之。
③翰林：皇帝的文学侍从官。
④听政：处理政务。
⑤内侍：此指太监。
⑥遽：匆忙。
⑦规：勉励。
1、下面句中的“数”与“数遣内侍持书示著”的“数”意义相同．．的一项是（） A.今夫弈（下棋）之为数．，小数也 B.又数．刀毙之C．今吾嗣为之十二年，几死者数．矣 D.复行数．十步2、下面句中的“益”,与“太宗益刻意临学”的“益”意义相同的一项是：（）A.世以为由著之规益．也B.所以动心忍性，曾益．其所不能C．香远益．清，亭亭净植 D.以思，无益．，不如学也3、解释文中画线的句子。
又以问著，对如初。
翻译：4、从“王著教帝学书”一事看，王著是个的人。
5、文中说道，宋太宗后来“笔法精绝，超越前古”是得益于“著之规”，你同意这个看法吗？请简述理由。
痴人应答一人远出，属其子曰：“有人问你令尊，可对以家父有事出外，请进拜茶。
”又以其呆恐忘也，书纸付之。
子置袖中，时时取看。
至第三日，无人来问，以纸无用，付之灯火。
第四日，忽有客至，问：“令尊呢？”觅袖中纸不得，因对曰：“没了。
”客惊曰：“几时没的？”答曰：“昨夜已烧过了。
”1、解释下列加点词属．其子曰属（）2、从故事看，其子的“呆”具体表现在________________、________________等方面。
（用自己的语言表述）3、你认为借这个故事可以讽刺______________________________________的人。
陆绩怀橘陆绩，三国时吴人也。
官至太守，精于天文、历法。
绩年六，于九江见袁术。
部编六年级语文阅读训练及答案(2)
部编六年级语文阅读训练及答案(2)一、语文课内外阅读理解1．读下面一段话，完成练习。
我在原野上________，使原野风光更加旖旎；我在清风中________，使清风芬芳馥郁。
我微睡时，黑夜星空的千万颗亮晶晶的眼睛对我________；我醒来时，白昼的那只硕大无朋的独眼向我________。
（1）选择合适的词语填在句子中的横线上。
我在原野上________，使原野风光更加旖旎；我在清风中________，使清风芬芳馥郁。
我微睡时，黑夜星空的千万颗亮晶晶的眼睛对我________；我醒来时，白昼的那只硕大无朋的独眼向我________。
（2）用横线画出这段话中写花的作用的句子。
（3）用波浪线画出这段话中写外界关注花的句子。
【答案】（1）摇曳；呼吸；察看；凝视（2）我在原野上摇曳，使原野风光更加旖旎；我在清风中呼吸，使清风芬芳馥郁。
（3）我微睡时，黑夜星空的千万颗亮晶晶的眼睛对我察看；我醒来时，白昼的那只硕大无朋的独眼向我凝视。
【解析】【分析】（1）本题主要考查对课文内容的理解记忆能力。
解答本题，需要回顾课文的内容，然后结合前后句(题目提供的信息)进行补充填空即可。
在平时的学习中，我们一定要熟练掌握课文内容，这样在答题时我们才能更准确地写出正确答案。
（2）、（3）考查对课文内容的理解能力。
解答时要带着问题细读课文整体感知文章内容，就能找到答案。
故答案为：（1）摇曳、呼吸、察看、凝视（2）我在原野上摇曳，使原野风光更加旖旎；我在清风中呼吸，使清风芬芳馥郁。
（3）我微睡时，黑夜星空的千万颗亮晶晶的眼睛对我察看；我醒来时，白昼的那只硕大无朋的独眼向我凝视。
【点评】（1）这道题是按课文内容填空，一定要熟悉课文，边读边思考，才能填好每一空。
（2）、（3）此题考查在理解课文的基础上筛选相关信息的能力。
2．阅读短文，回答问题。
以雪充饥最香甜天下着鹅毛雪，四面的山都盖上了厚厚的白雪，山间的羊肠小道被雪埋没了。
一支部队在雪地中艰苦地行进着。
二年级语文上册人文主题阅读专训2 人教江苏习题课件
第二单元
人文主题阅读专训
人文主题阅读专训
水乡歌
水乡什么多？
水乡什么多？
水多。
船多。
千条渠，万条河，
千条船，万条船，
河塘一个接一个，
白帆片片像云朵，
处处绿水扬清波。
飘满湖面飘满河。
人文主题阅读专训
水乡什么多？ 桥多。 东一座，西一座， 东西南北千万座， 出门就要把桥过。
人文主题阅读专训 4. 你觉得下面哪幅图是诗人描写的水乡？( A )
人文主题阅读专训
点拨： 本题考查对诗歌内容的理解。诗人在诗歌中为我们描绘了
一幅由水、桥、船等组成的水乡画面。第一幅图中有水，有船， 有桥，两岸还有人家，所以A 项最符合诗人描写的水乡。
人文主题阅读专训
3. 判断下列说法的对错，对的打“√”，错的打“×”。 (1)读了诗歌，我知道诗人十分热爱水乡的新生活。
√( )
(2)“千首歌，万首歌”说明水乡有一千首和一万首歌。
× ( )
人文主题阅读专训
点拨： 本题考查对诗歌内容的理解。从诗歌的最后一句可知，
诗人十分热爱水乡的新生活，所以第(1)题的说法是对的。 “千首”“万首”是虚数，表示数量多，所以第(2)题的说 法是错误的。
水乡什么多？ 歌多。 千首歌，万首歌， 大船小船装满 读了诗歌，我知道水乡_____水____多、 _____桥____ 多、 _____船____多、 _____歌____多。
人文主题阅读专训
2. 从诗歌中找出合适的量词填空。 一( 个 )河塘 一( 片 )白帆 一( 首 )歌曲
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阅读训练： (一)灾难突然降临的时候⑴这是一个繁华的大都市，每天忙碌的人熙熙攘攘。
八点三十分。
装满乘客的地铁缓缓起动，向下一个站点驶去。
⑵当列车行驶到两个站点中间地段时，突然一片漆黑，车也慢慢停下来。
车厢里的人一下像炸了锅似的，乱哄哄的如同马蜂窝从树上落到地下。
有人大声骂司机：“真是个笨蛋!”也有人说：“养你们这些人有什么用，简直是一群废物。
”⑶司机解释道：“突然停电，这是一次意外事故，我马上与调度中心联系。
”司机在黑暗中摸出手机，拔完号码后没有任何信号。
⑷这是一次意外停电，波及全市。
始料不及的人们被这突如其来的停电搞蒙了，通讯中断，交通阻塞，整座城市近乎瘫痪。
地铁里的人如同无头苍蝇，纷纷掏出手机与外界联系，却都没有信号。
有人用打火机照亮，得到片刻的安慰。
女人哄着不断哇哇哭叫的孩子。
有人说：“我好不容易找到这份工作，迟到会被炒鱿鱼的。
”有人说：“我与客商约好，签一份额为三百万元的合同，失约可能会使合同泡汤的。
，”也有人说：“等出去了，一定要起诉地铁公司。
”黑暗像一只无情的大手，捏得人喘不过气来。
哭声、骂声、叹息声不绝于耳。
有人说：“等一等吧，地上的人不会不管我们的。
”⑸突然，黑暗中传出一个女孩稚嫩的声音：“妈妈，太阳落山了!’，妈妈说：“宝贝，乖，天黑了，宝宝睡觉觉……”妈妈轻轻地哼起了摇篮曲。
大家静静地听着，情绪渐渐地稳定下来，各自想着心事。
(写话位置见第22题)。
⑹不知过了多长时间，一个恐怖的声音打破了可贵的安静：“我心脏病犯了，没带药，谁有急救药……”旁边的人就问：“谁有药?”人们开始纷纷问着，一个接一个往下传。
终于有人说：“我有。
”接下来就听到急急忙忙的翻找声。
⑺“找到了!找到了!”那人边说边把小药瓶递给挨着他的人，这人接过药瓶又传。
递给下一个人。
没有人组织，药瓶却像接力棒那样被有序地传递着。
⑻“唉呀!”一声惊叫，药瓶不知传到谁的手里时不慎掉到地上，那人急忙俯下身在地上摸，整个车厢的人都俯下身在地上摸，仿佛药瓶会在黑暗中流窜到车厢的任何一个角落。
终于有人说找到了，把药瓶又传下去。
有过落地的教训，接药瓶的手就格外认真。
药瓶很快就传到病人手里。
黑暗中，不知是谁递过一瓶水，病人吃完药安静了下来。
⑼不知又过去了多长时间，与外界还是没有一丝联络。
有人提议往下一出站口走，立即有人响应，有人用打火机把自己的衣服点着了照明。
立即有人大声喊：“快灭掉，烟能使人窒息!万一引起火灾一个人也别想跑掉!”几个人手忙脚乱地把火扑灭了。
刹那间，光明消失了，重新又回到黑暗的深渊。
人们从来没像今天这样憎恨黑暗，也没有过像今天这样渴望光明。
⑽这时，有一个大声喊道：“大家手牵手跟我走!”⑾话音刚落，人们就主动地手拉着手排成了长队。
那人又问：“有没有没牵手的?”当确认都牵好手后，那人就带头向下一出站口走去。
黑暗中，那带头的人不时被绊倒，但他爬起来再走，不知摔了多少跤。
“后边的人有条不紊地跟着，没人说话，只有脚步声，⑿人们终于从黑暗的地铁中走出来了，领头的人衣服刮破了，脸和手都碰出了血。
更让人意外的是，人们发现，领头的这个人竟然是个盲人。
1．梳理故事情节，用简洁的文字填写下面的方框。
(4分)突然停电，地铁车厢里怨声四起→母女对话，众人情绪渐稳定→（）→有人点燃衣服照明，几人把火扑灭→（）2．阅读下面两个句子，想一想加点词用得是否恰当?如果用得恰当，请说说它的好处；如果不够恰当，请找出一个更好的词语替换它，并说说事由。
(4分)①不知过了多长时间，一个恐怖的声音打破了可贵．．的安静。
②有过落地的教训，接药瓶的手就格外认真．．。
3．文章第②段画线的句子生动形象地描写了突然停电时人们躁动不安的状况。
仔细阅读第⑤段，感受一下母女对话后地铁车厢里的氛围，并在下列横线上．写一句话，描写出当时特有的宁静.此时，车厢里（2分）4．文中哪个片段给你留下了深刻印象，为什么?(2分)5．当灾难来临时，该如何应对?本文给你哪些启示?(3分)（二）梅香林清玄⑴一个有钱的富人，正在自家的花园里赏梅花。
⑵那是冬日寒冷的清晨，艳红的梅花正以最美丽的姿容吐露，富人颇为自己的花园里能开出这样美丽的梅花，而感到无比的快慰。
⑶突然，门外传来敲门的声音，富人去开了门，发现一个衣衫褴褛的乞丐，在寒风里冻得直打抖，那乞丐已在这开满梅花的园外冻了一夜，他说：“先生，行行好，可不可以给我一点东西吃。
”⑷富人请乞丐在园门口稍稍等候，转身进入厨房，端来一碗热腾腾的饭菜，他布施给乞丐的时侯，乞丐忽然说：“先生，您家里的梅花，真是非常芳香呀!”说完了，转身走出去。
⑸富人呆立在那里，感到非常震惊，他震惊的是：穷人也会赏梅花吗?这是自己从来不知道的。
另一个震惊的是，花园里种了几十年的梅花，为什么自己从来没有闻到过梅花的芳香呢?⑹于是，他小心翼翼地，以一种庄严的心情，深怕惊动梅香似的悄悄走近梅花，他终于闻到了梅花那含蓄的、清澈的、澄明无比的芬芳，然后他濡湿的眼睛，流下了感动的泪水，为自己第一次闻到梅花的芳香。
⑺是的，乞丐也能赏梅花，乞丐也能闻到梅花的香气，有的乞丐甚至在极饥饿的情况下，还能闻到梅花清明的气息。
⑻可见得，好的物质条件不一定能使人成为有品位的人，而坏的物质条件也不会遮蔽人精神的清明，一个人没有钱是值得同情的，一个人一生都不知道梅花的香气一样值得悲悯。
⑼一个人的品质其实是与梅香相似，是无形的，是一种气息，我们如果光是欣赏花的外形，就很难知道梅花有极淡的清香；我们如果不能细心地体会，也难以品味到一个人隐在外表内部的人格香气。
⑽最可叹息的是，很少有人能回观自我，品赏自己心灵的梅香，大部分人空过了一生，也没有体会到隐藏在心灵内部极幽微，但极清澈的自性的芳香。
⑾能闻到梅香的乞丐也是富有的人。
⑿现在，让我们一起以一种庄严的心情，走到心灵的花园，放下-切的缠缚，狂心都歇，观闻从我们自性中流露的梅香吧! （选自《林清玄散文集》）1.用简明的文字概括本文叙述的故事。
（3分）2.富人听了乞丐的话感到震惊，他震惊的是什么？请用文中相关的语句回答。
（4分）3.第⑧段中加点的词语“可见得”在文章结构上起了怎样的作用？（3分）4.品读文章第⑾段，联系前文，谈谈为什么“能闻到梅香的乞丐也是富有的人”？（3分）5.文章题为“梅香”，请结合第⑧、⑨段谈谈“梅香”指的是什么？（3分）6.在生活中，我们也许并不富有，也许常被人漠视，但我们也有“自己心灵的梅香”。
读了本文，请谈谈你的感受。
（4分）（三）能给予就不贫穷⑴教师节那天，一大群孩子争着给他送来了鲜花、卡片、千纸鹤……一张张小脸洋溢着快乐，好像过节的不是老师倒是他们。
⑵一张用硬纸做成的礼物很特别，硬纸上画着一双鞋，看得出纸是自己剪的——周边很粗糙；图是自己画的—-图形很不规则；颜色是自己涂的——花花绿绿的。
⑶老师能穿这么花的鞋吗?⑷上面歪歪扭扭地写着：“老师，这双皮鞋送给你穿。
”看看署名像是一个女孩这个班级他刚接手，一切都还不是很熟，从开学到教师节，也就是十天。
⑸他把“鞋”认真地收起来，“礼轻情义重”啊!⑹节日很快就过去了。
一天他在批改作文的时候，看到了这个女孩写的一段话：“别人都穿着皮鞋，老师穿的是布鞋，老师肯定很穷。
我做了一双很漂亮的鞋子给他，不过那鞋不能穿，是画在纸上的，我希望将来老师能穿上真正的皮鞋。
我没有钱，我有钱了一定会买一双真皮鞋给老师穿的。
”⑺这是一个不足十岁的小姑娘的心愿，他的心为之一动。
但是，她怎么知道穿布鞋是穷人的标志?⑻他想问问她。
⑼这是一个很明净的女孩子，一双眼睛清澈得没有任何杂质。
当她站到他面前的时候，他似乎找到了答案。
⑽他看见了她正穿着一双方口布鞋，鞋的周边开了花，这双布鞋显然与他脚上的这双布鞋不一样。
⑾于是有了下面的问话：⑿“爸爸在哪里上班?”⒀“爸爸在家，下岗了。
”⒁“妈妈呢?”⒂“不知道……走了。
”⒃他再一次看了看她脚上的布鞋，那一双开了花的布鞋。
⒄他从抽屉里拿出那双“鞋”来。
这时他才感受出这双鞋的分量。
⒅她问：“老师，你家里也穷吗?”⒆他说：“老师家里不穷，你家里也不穷。
”⒇“同学们都说我家里穷。
”她说。
他说：“你家里不穷，你很富有，你知道关心别人，送了那么好的礼物给老师。
老师很高兴，你高兴吗?”她笑了。
“能和老师穿一样的鞋子，高兴吗?”。
她用力地点了点头。
他带着她来到教室，问大家老师为什么穿布鞋。
有的同学说，好看，因为自己爱漂亮的妈妈花很多钱买布鞋穿。
有的说，透气，因为自己怕捂脚的奶奶也穿布鞋。
有的同学说健身，因为自己的爷爷打拳的时候都穿布鞋。
很奇怪没有人说他穷。
他说：“穿布鞋是一种风格，透气，舒适，有益健康。
”他告诉同学们，脚上穿着布鞋，心里却装着别人是最让老师感到幸福的!只有富有的人才能给予别人幸福，能给予就不贫穷。
她脸上的笑容很美。
1．为什么说女孩送给老师的礼物很特别?(3分)2．作者用“很明净”来修饰“女孩子”，又用“清澈得没有任何杂质”来描写女孩子的眼睛，这样写的用意是什么?(3分)3．思考下列两小题，回答问题。
(2分)(1)简述老师带着“她”到教室问大家自己为什么穿布鞋的原因。
(2)概述文中的老师的教育方法有什么特点。
4．假如给这篇文章换一个标题，你准备拟怎样的标题?(2分)5．结合文章设想一下，若干年后，这个女孩再回母校见她当年的老师会是一番什么情景。
(简要描述，不超过80字)(4分)作文：阅读下面的材料，按要求作文。
走过一段泥泞的小路，会留下许多大小不一、或深或浅的脚印，每一个小小的印迹里都曾承载过一个人的重量，而一阵风，一阵雨，一场漫漫飞雪，便足以掩盖那所有地表的微不足道的痕迹。
人生的道路上也会留下无数个脚印，每一步的蕴意各有不同。
或喜或忧，或笑靥或泪眼，或兴奋或颓丧……你在走过的人生道路上留下了怎样的脚印？在以后的人生道路上，你又将留下怎样的脚印？请就“人生道路上的脚印”这个话题，写一篇不少于700字的文章，立意自定，文体自选，标题自拟，所写内容必须在话题范围之内。
(一)答案：1．一位乘客突发心脏病，众人传递药瓶救治；由一位盲人引领，大家手拉手走出地铁。
2．①“可贵”用得好。
它写出了人们从慌乱躁动中开始冷静下来的状态，也表明了作者对这一状态的肯定。
②“认真”用得不够准确，可用“谨慎”替换。
“谨慎”除了有“认真”之外，还含有“小心”的意思，此处用“谨慎”更符合语境。
3．示例：此时，车厢里仿佛掉下一根针都听得见，静悄悄的。
4．要求回答具体，有简要的分析，如：对第五个片段印象深刻，将大家引领出黑暗的人竟然是一位盲人，这说明在危难时刻，只要冷静、坚定，就可以发挥个人潜能，化解危难。
5．本文给人的启示是：灾难来临，一要冷静、镇定，二要团结协作，三要科学应对（二）答案：1.乞丐闻到梅花的芳香，富人为此感到震惊，也第一次闻到梅花的芳香。
2.穷人也会赏梅花（答成“乞丐也能闻到梅花的香气”也可）；富人自己种了几十年的梅花，却从来没闻到过梅花的芳香。