第二十二讲 定语从句的翻译
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• 非限制性定语从句用来对先行词作附加说明,在文字上一般有逗号与先行词隔 开,与先行词的关系较为松散.非限制性定语从句在语意上接近于并列结构,翻译 时通常可译成并列分句,放在先行词的后面.这一方法也适用于某些较长的限制 性定语从句.例如: • Mr. Smith, who came to see me yesterday, is a relative of my wife‘s. • 史密斯先生昨天来看过我,他是我妻子的一个亲戚. • 昨天来看我的史密斯先生是我妻子的一个亲戚。 • She was awarded a gold medal, which the whole family considered a great honor. • 她被授予一枚金质奖章,全家人都认为这是极大的光荣.
翻译 HY
• To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them. • 诚然，一个宏伟的重建计划也许能为许多 需要工作的人提供就业机会。 • This is the solider who just returned from the front. • 这是刚从前线回来的战士。
翻译 HY
• 当然，有些起附加说明作用的非限制性定语从句，对 先行词也有不同程度的修饰限制作用，有时也可以译 为前置定语。 • The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor. • 那个整天躲在云层里的太阳,现在又光芒四射地露面了。
翻译 HY
I、译成前置定语
• 限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切,尤其是一些较短的限制性定 语从句,没有它主句的意义便不完整,可按照汉语定语前置的习惯 将其翻译成带"的"的定语,放在先行词前面.例如:
• Shanghai is the place where he was born. • 上海是他出生的地方.
翻译 HY
• In recent years, however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems. • 可是，近几年来人们开始意识到城市也是 问题成堆的地方。
翻译 HY
• Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore. • 太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。
• His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence. • 他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。
post-position attributive and there can’t be too many modifiers preceding the
modified word. All this causes changes in translating some sentences which contain attributive clauses.
翻译 HY
•
In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention. • 在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。 • （原句中的主句部分there are many people翻译 成“许多人”，作译文的主语，然后将定语从句 译成句子的谓语部分。） •
翻译 HY
• She had a balance at her banker’s which would have made her beloved anywhere. • 她在银行里的存款足以使她到处受到欢迎。
• （原句的主句较简单，整句句子的重点是 在定语从句中，因此，翻译时将主句译成 主语，而将定语从句译成句子的谓语部 分。）
翻译 HY
• B、 非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不十分密切，只 是对先行词加以说明，描述或解释，或对整个句子所陈 述的事实或现象加以总结、补充说明，其前都有逗号分 开。在汉译时一般译为后置并列分句。如：
• He blamed me for everything, which I thought very unfair. • 他把一切错误都归罪于我，我认为这很不公平。
翻译 HY
• I told the story to John, who (=and he) told it to his brother. • 我把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他 的弟弟。
• 这种采取后置的办法来处理非限制性定语 从句，一般也使用指示代词来重复英语关 系代词所代表的含义。
翻译 HY
• These books, which are only a small part of my collection, I picked up in America. • 这些书是我在美国买的,它们在我的藏书中只占一小部 分。
翻译 HY
• They seem to enjoy those rewards which they had purchased by a course of unmerited fatigue, and by victories which almost exceeded belief. • 他们对那些酬劳看来是很得意的，那些酬 劳是他们历经千辛万苦，通过取得令人难 以置信的胜利得来的。
翻译 HY
• （一）译成表示“时间”的分句 • A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded. • 司机在开车时，不许和人谈话，也不能 走神。
翻译 HY
• （二）译成表示“原因”的分句 • He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs. Smith, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable. • 他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太讲话，因为她现在异 常无礼，令人厌烦。
翻译 HY
• There are many people who want to select this major. • 许多人要选这个专业
• You are the only person who could do it. • 只有你才能做这件事。
翻译 HY
• He has a son of twenty who is now at the college. • 他有个二十岁的儿子现在正上大学 • This was the first time I had serious trouble with my leader. • 这是我第一次和领导发生严重纠葛。
翻译 HY
• We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity.
• 我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有一些国 籍标志。
• （原句的主句较简单，整句句子的重点是在定语 从句中，因此，翻译时将主句译成主语，而将定 语从句译成句子的谓语部分。） •
III、溶合译法
• 溶合法就是把原句子中的主语和定语从句溶合在 一起译成一个独立句子的翻译方法。另外，由于 限制性定语从句与主句的关系密切，所以，限制 性定语从句似乎更适合采用溶合法。英语中突出 的 “there be” 句型就是这样处理的。
• There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. • 楼下有人要见你。 • （原句中的主句部分there is a man翻译成“有 人”，然后将定语从句译成句子的谓语部分。）
• Biblioteka Baidu书旨在为写作提供范例，可以说写作是 一个难题。
翻译 HY
• Matter is composed of molecules that are composed of atoms. • 物质是由分子组成的，而分子又是由原子 组成的。 • But listen, I met a man, who said you could solve this problem. • 听着， 我遇见一个人，这个人说你是有权 解决这个问题的。
purpose, concession, result and so on. An attributive clause usually follows the word it modifies. This is different from Chinese. In Chinese there is no
翻译 HY
IV. 译成状语
• 英语的定语从句与汉语中的定语还有一个不同的 地方，那就是，英语中有些定语从句和主句关系 不密切，它从语法上看是修饰定语从句的先行词 的，但实际上限定作用不强，而是修饰主句的谓 语或全句的，起状语作用。也就是说，有些定语 从句兼有状语从句的职能，在意义上与主句有状 语关系，表明原因、结果、目的、让步、假设等 关系。在这种情况下，需要灵活处理，在准确理 解英语原文的基础上，弄清楚逻辑关系，然后把 英语中的这些定语从句翻译成各种相应的分句。 •
are made very long because of attributive clauses. Hence it is important to have a correct comprehension and an accurate translation of attribute
clauses. Different attributive clauses may express different meaning such as
英汉翻译
2010.9—2011.1
翻译 HY
第二十三讲 定语从句的翻译
翻译 HY
• I will tell you the truth that is important. • I will tell you the truth that he is a liar.
Attributive clauses are widely used in English. In many cases, sentences
• I don't like people who lose their temper easily. • 我不喜欢爱发脾气的人.
翻译 HY
• He is wisest who is honest. • 诚实的人最聪明。 • We will make no distinction between the terrorists who committed these acts and those who harbor them. • 对参与此次袭击的恐怖分子和那些庇护他 们的人, 我们都将严惩不贷。
翻译 HY
• The eagle catches the snake that gobbles the toad that swallows the insect that nibbles at green leaves.
• 老鹰抓蛇，蛇吞蛤蟆，蛤蟆吃虫子，虫子啃绿叶。
翻译 HY
• This volume is prepared as examples for writing compositions which, as it were, has been taken as a difficult task.
• He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant. • 他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。
翻译 HY
II . 译成后置定语
翻译 HY
• To be sure, a great rebuilding project would give jobs to many of those people who need them. • 诚然，一个宏伟的重建计划也许能为许多 需要工作的人提供就业机会。 • This is the solider who just returned from the front. • 这是刚从前线回来的战士。
翻译 HY
• 当然，有些起附加说明作用的非限制性定语从句，对 先行词也有不同程度的修饰限制作用，有时也可以译 为前置定语。 • The sun, which had hidden all day, now came out in all its splendor. • 那个整天躲在云层里的太阳,现在又光芒四射地露面了。
翻译 HY
I、译成前置定语
• 限制性定语从句与先行词关系密切,尤其是一些较短的限制性定 语从句,没有它主句的意义便不完整,可按照汉语定语前置的习惯 将其翻译成带"的"的定语,放在先行词前面.例如:
• Shanghai is the place where he was born. • 上海是他出生的地方.
翻译 HY
• In recent years, however, people have begun to become aware that cities are also areas where there is a concentration of problems. • 可是，近几年来人们开始意识到城市也是 问题成堆的地方。
翻译 HY
• Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore. • 太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。
• His laughter, which was infectious, broke the silence. • 他那富有感染力的笑声打破了沉寂。
post-position attributive and there can’t be too many modifiers preceding the
modified word. All this causes changes in translating some sentences which contain attributive clauses.
翻译 HY
•
In our factory, there are many people who are much interested in the new invention. • 在我们工厂里，许多人对这项新发明很感兴趣。 • （原句中的主句部分there are many people翻译 成“许多人”，作译文的主语，然后将定语从句 译成句子的谓语部分。） •
翻译 HY
• She had a balance at her banker’s which would have made her beloved anywhere. • 她在银行里的存款足以使她到处受到欢迎。
• （原句的主句较简单，整句句子的重点是 在定语从句中，因此，翻译时将主句译成 主语，而将定语从句译成句子的谓语部 分。）
翻译 HY
• B、 非限制性定语从句与先行词的关系不十分密切，只 是对先行词加以说明，描述或解释，或对整个句子所陈 述的事实或现象加以总结、补充说明，其前都有逗号分 开。在汉译时一般译为后置并列分句。如：
• He blamed me for everything, which I thought very unfair. • 他把一切错误都归罪于我，我认为这很不公平。
翻译 HY
• I told the story to John, who (=and he) told it to his brother. • 我把这件事告诉了约翰，约翰又告诉了他 的弟弟。
• 这种采取后置的办法来处理非限制性定语 从句，一般也使用指示代词来重复英语关 系代词所代表的含义。
翻译 HY
• These books, which are only a small part of my collection, I picked up in America. • 这些书是我在美国买的,它们在我的藏书中只占一小部 分。
翻译 HY
• They seem to enjoy those rewards which they had purchased by a course of unmerited fatigue, and by victories which almost exceeded belief. • 他们对那些酬劳看来是很得意的，那些酬 劳是他们历经千辛万苦，通过取得令人难 以置信的胜利得来的。
翻译 HY
• （一）译成表示“时间”的分句 • A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded. • 司机在开车时，不许和人谈话，也不能 走神。
翻译 HY
• （二）译成表示“原因”的分句 • He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs. Smith, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable. • 他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太讲话，因为她现在异 常无礼，令人厌烦。
翻译 HY
• There are many people who want to select this major. • 许多人要选这个专业
• You are the only person who could do it. • 只有你才能做这件事。
翻译 HY
• He has a son of twenty who is now at the college. • 他有个二十岁的儿子现在正上大学 • This was the first time I had serious trouble with my leader. • 这是我第一次和领导发生严重纠葛。
翻译 HY
• We used a plane of which almost every part carried some indication of national identity.
• 我们驾驶的飞机几乎每一个部件都有一些国 籍标志。
• （原句的主句较简单，整句句子的重点是在定语 从句中，因此，翻译时将主句译成主语，而将定 语从句译成句子的谓语部分。） •
III、溶合译法
• 溶合法就是把原句子中的主语和定语从句溶合在 一起译成一个独立句子的翻译方法。另外，由于 限制性定语从句与主句的关系密切，所以，限制 性定语从句似乎更适合采用溶合法。英语中突出 的 “there be” 句型就是这样处理的。
• There is a man downstairs who wants to see you. • 楼下有人要见你。 • （原句中的主句部分there is a man翻译成“有 人”，然后将定语从句译成句子的谓语部分。）
• Biblioteka Baidu书旨在为写作提供范例，可以说写作是 一个难题。
翻译 HY
• Matter is composed of molecules that are composed of atoms. • 物质是由分子组成的，而分子又是由原子 组成的。 • But listen, I met a man, who said you could solve this problem. • 听着， 我遇见一个人，这个人说你是有权 解决这个问题的。
purpose, concession, result and so on. An attributive clause usually follows the word it modifies. This is different from Chinese. In Chinese there is no
翻译 HY
IV. 译成状语
• 英语的定语从句与汉语中的定语还有一个不同的 地方，那就是，英语中有些定语从句和主句关系 不密切，它从语法上看是修饰定语从句的先行词 的，但实际上限定作用不强，而是修饰主句的谓 语或全句的，起状语作用。也就是说，有些定语 从句兼有状语从句的职能，在意义上与主句有状 语关系，表明原因、结果、目的、让步、假设等 关系。在这种情况下，需要灵活处理，在准确理 解英语原文的基础上，弄清楚逻辑关系，然后把 英语中的这些定语从句翻译成各种相应的分句。 •
are made very long because of attributive clauses. Hence it is important to have a correct comprehension and an accurate translation of attribute
clauses. Different attributive clauses may express different meaning such as
英汉翻译
2010.9—2011.1
翻译 HY
第二十三讲 定语从句的翻译
翻译 HY
• I will tell you the truth that is important. • I will tell you the truth that he is a liar.
Attributive clauses are widely used in English. In many cases, sentences
• I don't like people who lose their temper easily. • 我不喜欢爱发脾气的人.
翻译 HY
• He is wisest who is honest. • 诚实的人最聪明。 • We will make no distinction between the terrorists who committed these acts and those who harbor them. • 对参与此次袭击的恐怖分子和那些庇护他 们的人, 我们都将严惩不贷。
翻译 HY
• The eagle catches the snake that gobbles the toad that swallows the insect that nibbles at green leaves.
• 老鹰抓蛇，蛇吞蛤蟆，蛤蟆吃虫子，虫子啃绿叶。
翻译 HY
• This volume is prepared as examples for writing compositions which, as it were, has been taken as a difficult task.
• He liked his sister, who was warm and pleasant, but he did not like his brother, who was aloof and arrogant. • 他喜欢热情愉快的妹妹，而不喜欢冷漠高傲的哥哥。
翻译 HY
II . 译成后置定语