(精品)初中英语情态动词讲解-练习及答案.doc
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
情态动词
一、考点、点回
【辨析】
1.sometimes/ some times/sometime/ some time:
sometimes: 有“ ” =at times. He is sometimes late for school.
some times:几次“ ”I have been to Nanjing some times.
sometime: 某“一刻”I bought it sometime last spring.
We’ ll meet again sometime next week.
some time:一“段” We have to stay here for some time.
2. many/ much/ a few/ a little/ few/ little
(1)many 修可数名,much 修不可数名;都表示多。
例如:
多多牛奶
(2)a few和 a little都表示"有一点儿",重于肯定,相当于"some" ,但 a few 修可数名,
a little 修不可数名,例如:
He has a few friends in London.
---Would you like some coffee?
---Yes, just a little.
(3)few和little表示"几乎没有" ,重否定。
few后接可数名,little 后接不可数名。
例如:
He is a strange man. He has few words.
Hurry up, there is little time left.
【固定搭配】加-ing
be busy doing sth.忙于做⋯⋯eg: Mother is busy cooking.
look forward to + doing sth.期待做⋯⋯eg: Tom looks forward to seeing his father again.
Thank you for (doing) sth.了⋯感你eg: Thank you for your help.
have fun doing sth愉快地做某事=have a good time doing sth eg: I had great fun playing in the water.
eg: I had a good time playing in the water.
1
have problem/trouble/difficulty (in)doing sth.做某事有困难
eg: I have difficulty finishing my homework in 2 hours.
【情态动词】又叫情态助动词。
它们具有以下特点:
⑴它们必须与其他动词连用,即:情态动词+动词原形
表示说话人对所述动作的看法,如需要、可能、意愿或怀疑等。
⑵绝大多数情态动词没有人称和数的变化,即第三人称单数不加-s
(以 be 和 have开头的情态动词短语除外)。
⑶在意义上,情态动词具有“多义性”。
例: can 既可表示能力,又可表示可能、允许等意义。
【情态动词的基本用法】
1. can的基本用法:
⑴表示体力或智力上的能力,即“能够,会”,可与be able to转换。
例: He can speak English. = He is able to speak English.
— Can you play basketball?
— No, I can ’.t
如果表示将来具备的能力,要用will be able to 。
例: If I have a good sleep, I will be able to do the problem.
⑵表示许可,主要用于口语,书面语一般用may 。
例:— Can we go home now, please?
— No, you can ’.t
You can only smoke in this room.
You can ’keept the library books for more than a month.
⑶表示“可能”,与may同义,但一般用在疑问句中。
例: What can he possibly want?
在否定句中,否定形式can ’t表示推测“不大可能”。
例: Anybody can make mistakes.
The news can’bettrue.
2
与第一、二人称用,可以就可能的解决的方式或可能的行提出建。
在里,也可用could使气婉。
例: Can / Could we meet again next week?下周我可以再面?
— What shall we do?我怎么呢?
— We can / could try asking Lucy for help.——我可以露茜帮忙看。
You can / could help me with the cooking.你可以帮我做。
2.may 的基本用法 :
⑴表示“ 可”,用can比口化。
例: You may / can come if you wish.如果你想来,你就来。
You may not pick flowers in this park.本公园内不摘花。
( may not表示按定不可,如果用mustn ’t表示人不可。
)
— May I smoke here? 我可以在里抽烟?
— No, you mustn ’ t不.行。
( mustn ’表t示明确的禁止。
)
⑵肯定句中表示推,“可能”。
例: It may rain tomorrow.明天可能会下雨。
The news may not be true.个消息可能不会是真的。
注意:如果在疑句中表示“可能”,通常用can 。
例: Can it be true?那会是真的?
Who can he be?他究竟是呢?
⑶【注意】:—May I/we ⋯⋯?
— Yes , you may ./— No , you mustn ’.t
3.must 的基本用法 :
⑴表示必,人的主意志。
例: I must go now, or I’ ll be late.
You must be here by ten o’ clock.
【注意】:表示“必“ , must 的否定式needn ’t,或don ’thave to,而不是mustn ’t。
也就是:—Must I/we do it now?
3
— Yes , you must .
— No , you needn ’t/don ’thave to .
例:— Must I go with them?
— No , you.
⑵表示推,一般只用于肯定述句,表示非常肯定。
例: She didn ’ t look at me. She must be angry.她不朝我看,一定是生气了。
He is good at English. He must know the word.他英好,准知道个。
You must be Mr. Jones.想必您就是斯先生吧。
4. have to的基本用法:
have to 可情,但它与其他情在用法上稍有不同。
其他情没有人称和数的
化,而have to却有人称和数的化,要主的不同而化。
例: I / You / We / They have to ⋯ .
He / She / It has to ⋯ .
You don’havet to⋯.
Does she have to ⋯?
have to=have got to,意思是“必,不得不”。
和 must 不同之:must 主需要
have to 客需要。
例: Sorry, I have to leave now.不起,在我得走了。
I’ve got to go to a meeting.我得去参加一个会。
Will he have to work deep into the night?他将不得不工作到深夜?
5.need 的基本用法:
need 的基本是“需要”,它既可作情,又可作。
⑴need 用作情,只用于否定句和疑句。
它只有一种形式,后接原形。
例: I don ’ t
believe youneed worry. 我相信你没有必要焦急。
— Need we go so soon? 我需要么早就去?
— Yes, we must . / No, we needn ’.t是的,必。
/不,不必。
4
So I needn’tellthim, need I?所以我不需要告他,吧?
比以下两句的不同意思:
You needn ’ t buythe coat.你没有必要那件外衣。
(你没)
You needn ’ t have boughtthe coat.你没有必要件外衣的。
(而你却了)
【注意】:—Need I/we ⋯⋯?
— Yes , you must ./ — No , you needn ’t/don ’thave to.
⑵ need 用作,有、人称和数的化。
如果人作主,一般后接to 的不定式。
即need to do sth;
如果物作主,一般后用need to be done或need doing sth。
例如: I need to look up this word in the dictionary.
My watch needs mending /to be mended .我的手表需要修理了。
We don ’ t needto work today.(= We needn ’workt today.)
Does he need to go right now?(= Need he go right now?)
6. had better的基本用法:
had bette r 常略作’ d better。
代法它是一个助,因它后接不to 的不定式。
had better do sth意思是“最好做某事;是做某事比好”。
例: You ’ d betterget some sleep.你最好睡一会儿。
You ’ d better notdo that again.你最好再做那件事。
What had we better do now?我在怎么做才好呢?
Hadn ’twe better tell her the truth?我是否最好不告她真相?
【注意】:You’dbetter⋯.表示告或委婉的命令,不宜使用。
7. could, should, would, might表示推:
① . must 多用于肯定句中表示把握性极大的推,意思“一定、肯定”。
如 : You have worked hard all day. You must be tired.你已辛苦工作一整天了, 一定累了。
The book must be his. His name is on the cover.本一定是他的,封面上写着他的名字。
【注意】must 不表推,在肯定句中意思“必(内在的) ”在,否定句中意思“不、禁止”以,它开的疑句否定回答常用needn ’t或 don ’ t (doesn’ t) have。
to
5
如 :We must obey the traffic rules.我们必须遵守交通规则。
Cars mustn’ t be parked here此.处严禁停车。
— Must we hand in the papers this week?我们必须本星期交论文吗?
— No, you needn’不t,.你们不必(本星期交)。
② . can / could多用于否定句、疑问句或感叹句中表示推测、怀疑,两者在时间上没有差别。
用can 时
不相信的程度更强一些, can ’t常常译为“不可能”。
如 :The man under the tree can’ t be Tom. He’ s gone to England这个人.不可能是Tom, 他已经去英国了。
Can it be true that he was fooled by a five-year-old boy?他被一个五岁的孩子愚弄了,这能是真的吗?
Could this be an excuse?这会不会是个借口?
How can you be so careless!你怎么这样粗心!
③ .may / might多用来表示把握性不大的推测,意思为“也许、可能” , might 比 may 的把握性更小一些。
may not在否定句中常常译为“可能不”。
(注意区分“不可能”与
“可能不”在把握性大小上的差异。
)
如 :Mr. Wang may know Professor Li’ s telephoneumbern.王先生也许知道李教授的电话号码。
This might be the key Tom has been looking for.这可能就是汤姆一直在找的钥匙。
She may not be there today.今天她可能不在那儿。
二、典型例题【中考链接】
() 1.— Who is the man over there? Is it Mr. Li?
— No, it ______ be him. Mr. Li is much taller.
A. mustn’ t
B. may no
C. can’ t
D. needn’t
() 2.— Must I go with them tomorrow?
— No , you ______.
A. mustn't
B. shouldn't
C. needn't
D. can't
() 3.— ______ I take some photos in the hall?
— No, you ______.
A. Can, needn’t
B. M ust, mustn’ t
C. Could, won’ t
D. May, mustn’t
() 4.— Dad, must I finish my homework today?
— No, you ________. You may do it tomorrow.
A. needn’ t
B. mustn’ t
C. don’ t
D. won’t
6
() 5.— The lake is said to be dry. Is that true?
— It _______.Look, some kids are swimming in it.
A. must be true
B. can’ t be true
C. may not be true
() 6.— What is your mother going to do this Saturday?
— I ’ m not sure. She _____ go to see my grandmother.
A. can
B. must
C. may
() 7.— Susan has bought a large house with a swimming pool.
— It ______ be very expensive. I never even dream about it.
A. must
B. might
C. can’ t
D. shouldn’ t () 8.— Listen! Is Professor Johnson giving a report in the hall?
— No, it be him. He has gone to Japan.
A. needn’t
B. may not
C. mustn’t
D. can’t
() 9.— Let ’ s go to the West Hill Park by taxi.
— Oh, it is not far away from here. We _______take a taxi.
A. couldn’ t
B. mustn’ t
C. needn’ t
D. can ’t
() 10 .— Can you play the piano?
— Yes, I _______. I often practice it on weekends.
A. needn’ t
B. need
C. can’ t
D. can
三、课后练习
一、用can, may, must, need, have to, had better的适当形式填空:
1.You ________________ return the library book on time.
2.I ______________ (not) find the way to the hospital. _______________ you show me the way?
3.— ________________ I finish the work right now?
— No, you ________________ (not). You ____________ do it later.
4.He said he ________________ (not) come tonight.
5.Her mother was ill. She ________________ stay at home and look after her.
6.It ’ s time for class. You ________________ stop playing football or you __________be late for class.
7.We ________________ start right now, or they would get there first.
8.The cloud is lifting, so it ________________ (not) be a rainy day tomorrow.
7
二、选择填空
() 1. — Do we have to finish our homework this afternoon?
— Yes, you ________.
A. must
B. can
C. may
D. need
() 2. — Must I be in hospital for a week,Doctor?
— No , you
A. mustn ’t
B. needn ’t
() 3. The desk is not dirty. You _______clean it.
A. mustn’t
B. shouldn’t
C. needn’ t C. can’t
() 4. — May I watch TV for a while?
— No, you _______. You have to finish your homework first.
A. shouldn’ t
B. needn’ t
C. mustn’ t
D. won’t
() 5. — Is Jessica giving us a speech this evening?
— No, it ________be her. She________ to Japan.
A. mustn’ t; has gone
B. mustn’ t ;has been
C. can’ t ;has gone
D. can’ t ;has been () 6. It ’ s the library! So you________ know shouting is not allowed here.
A. can
B. must
C. need
D. may
() 7. Boys and girls, don ’ t forget your report . It ______ today.
A. can ’ t ishfin
B. can ’ t be finished
C. should finish
D. should be finished
() 8. — Mr Smith must have been to your home this morning.
— No, he ______ ,because he didn’ t know my address.
A. couldn’t
B. can’t
C. mustn’t
D. may not
() 9. — Must I mop up the window now?
— No, you________.
A. needn ’t
B. can’t
C. shouldn’t
D. mustn’t
() 10. — Is Lucy knocking at the door?
— No. It ________ be Lucy. She is in Japan now.
A. needn’ t
B. must
C. can’t
8
() 11. — Another cup of coffee?
— No, thanks. I _____ be off. Mary is waiting for me.
A. can
B. may
C. must
D. might
() 12. — I ’ m a little tired. Let’ s go to the zoo by taxi.
— We take a taxi. It’ s not far from here.
A. can’t
B. mustn’ t
C. couldn’ t
D. needn’t
() 13. If the traffic light is red, you ________ cross the road. It’ s very dangerous.
A. don’ t
B. mustn’ t
C. needn’ t
D. wouldn’t
() 14. — Must I finish watering the flowers now?
— No, you________.
A. must
B. won ’ t
C. needn’ t
D. can’t
() 15. — I can ’ t give up smoking, doctor.
— For your health, I’ m afraid you ________.
A. may
B. can
C. have to
D. must
() 16. It is usually warm in my hometown in March, but it _______ be rather cold sometimes.
A. must
B. can
C. should
D. would
() 17. — Our class won the English speaking contest.
— Congratulations! You _______ be very proud of it.
A. can
B. need
C. would
D. must
() 18. — Excuse me, where are we going to have our class meeting?
— I ’ m not sure. Ask our monitor, please. He know.
A. can
B. may
C. need
D. shall
() 19. — ____________I borrow these magazines?
— Sorry, only the magazines over there can be borrowed.
A. Must
B. Would
C. May
D. Need
() 20. If the traffic light is red, you ________ cross the road. It’ s dangerous.
A. don’ t
B. needn’ t
C. mustn’ t
D. wouldn’t
9
情态动词
典型例题
例 1 答案 C 分析:表示否定的猜测用can ’ t。
must 表示推测时,意为“一定”,只能用于肯定句,而must 的否定 must not ( mustn't )表示“不应该”、“不许可”、“不准”、“禁止”等。
例 2 答案 C 分析:在回答带有must 的问句时,否定式常用 need not (= needn't) ,表示“不必”,而不用must not ,因为must not 表示“不可以”。
例 3 答案 D 分析:本题第一句是请求对方的允许,需要用May ,其否定式为mustn ’。
t
例 4 答案 A 。
对于以情态动词must 提问的疑问句,否定回答要用“ No, 主语 +needn ’ t,”故由问句中的must 和答句中的No 可选 A 。
例 5 答案 B
例 6 答案 C
例 7 答案 A 考查情态动词must 表示肯定的推测。
结合关键信息“ I never even dream about it. 可知题”意为“它肯定是非常贵的”,故排除 B 、 C 、 D 三项。
例 8 选 D 。
本题考查 can ’表t示否定的推测。
四个选项都是情态动词的否定形式,分别意为“不能;不可能”、“千万不能”、“应该”、“可以;可能”。
结合关键信息“ He has gone to Japan. ”可知“他不可能是约翰教授”应选 D 。
例 9 选 C
例 10 选 D 。
以 can 引导的一般疑问句再作肯定回答时还是用can 。
课后练习
一、 1. must 2. can ’ t, Could3. Must, needn ’ t, may4. couldn ’t5. had to 6. must, may 7. had better 8. can ’t
二、1A 2B 3C4 选 C 。
对于情态动词may 的一般疑问句的肯定回答为:Yes , you may / can . 否定回答为:No, you mustn’5C6Bt. 7D8A 9A
10 选 C。
考查情态动词can ’表t示推测的用法。
can ’表t示否定的推测;must 表示肯定的推测。
由题意“不可能是露西,她现在在日本”可知应选 C。
11 选 C 。
考查情态动词must 的用法。
结合关键信息“ Mary is waiting for me. 可知题意”为“我必须离开了”,故排
除 A 、 B 、 D 三项,选C。
12 选 D。
四个选项都是情态动词的否定式,结合关键信息“ It ’ s not far from here可.知“我们不”必乘出租
车”,故
排除 A 、 B 、 C 三项,选 D 。
13 选 B 。
考查情态动词mustn ’的t用法。
mustn ’意t为“一定不能”,由“很危险”可知用 mustn ’,t故选 B 。
14 选 C。
考查对must 开头的一般疑问句的回答。
以 must 开头的一般疑问句,作否定回答时用情态动词needn ’,t故正确答案为 C 。
15 选 C。
考查情态动词have to 的用法。
may 意为“可能、或许”, can 意为“能、会”, have to 意为“必须、不得
10
不”,表客观要求,而must表主观愿望。
根据题意“为了健康,你必须戒烟”可选C。
16 选 B17 选 D
18 选 B 。
考查情态动词may 表示推测。
结合前句“ I’ m not sure. Ask our monitor, please.可知题意为“他”可能知道(我们将在哪里开班会)”,故选B 。
may 表示可能性的推测,常用在肯定句中。
19 选 C
20 选 C
11。