谈翻译应符合外语的表达习惯

谈翻译应符合外语的表达习惯
谈翻译应符合外语的表达习惯

谈翻译应符合外语的表达习惯

发表时间:2011-07-28T17:37:49.653Z 来源:《魅力中国》2011年6月上供稿作者:赵甲平[导读] 从属于语言学层面的字面移译逐步转向文化层面的阐释和再现。

赵甲平(防空兵指挥学院河南郑州 450000)

中图分类号:H315.9 文献标识码:A 文章编号:1673-0992(2011)06-0000-01 摘要:外语翻译并非词与词、句与句的简单对等翻译,而是反映理解和接受意义的思维过程。外语和汉语族的思维习惯不同, 因此表达习惯也就有所不同。有些句子翻译后可能完全符合语法形式,但若仔细体会,却可反映的思维方式和表达习惯不同。关键词:翻译;表达;习惯

翻译现在正经历一种转折: 从属于语言学层面的字面移译逐步转向文化层面的阐释和再现。英汉翻译如此, 汉英翻译也是一样。它并非词与词、句与句的简单对等翻译,而是反映理解和接受意义的思维过程。一个种族的表达习惯是长期思维习惯的结果。汉英语族的思维习惯不同,因此表达习惯也不同,这是造成中国式英语的重要原因。在翻译过程中不能只拘泥于句子的语法形式而忽略表达习惯。因为有些句子翻译成英语后可能完全符合语法形式, 但若仔细体会,却可反映汉英思维方式和表达习惯的不同。

一、汉语先叙述某件事情,再表达自己的感觉。而英语通常先说出感觉再叙事。

1、答不出这个问题,我觉得很难堪。

汉语表达习惯(以下简称汉) :Because I couldn’t answer this question , I felt ashamed.

英语表达习惯(以下简称英) : I felt ashamed of not being able to answer the question.

2、玛丽没有被邀请,所以很失望。

汉: Because she was not invited, Mary was disappointed. 英: Mary was disappointed that she was not invited.

3、他这样对待我, 我很生气。

汉: The way he treated me made me angry.

英: I was angry at the way he treated me.

二、和对于英语语族的人来说, 汉语语族人喜欢用动词表达自己,而英语族人注重抽象思维, 常化动为静名词化是英语语言的一个重要特征。

1、因为有桩生意要做,所以我进城了。

汉:Because I had some business, I went to town.

英:Business took me to town.

2、我们经常在家和地铁站之间来往。

汉: We usually walk to or from subway.

英: Our usual walk was to or from the subway.

3、参观了位于茂物的国家博物馆和植物园后, 我们就结束了这次的旅程。汉: After we visited the National Museum and the Botanical Gardens at Bogor, we completed our tour. 英:The National Museum and the Botanical Gardens at Bogor completed our visit.

三、汉语中经常会看到无主句, 而英语强调以主体为中心。因此, 翻译时应添加必要的主体词

1、没有良好的习惯, 就不能在英语上取得很大的进步。 Without good habit, you can’t make a great progress in English.

2、当时几乎不可能回到那家旅馆。

It was impossible to return to that hotel at that time

四、汉语中经常主客体交融, 而英语中事物所属关系清晰

1、这两幢楼的外表很相似。

汉: These two buildings appearances are similar.

英: These two buildings are similar in appearance to each other.

2、孩子们的岁数从5 岁到7 岁不等。

汉:The children’s age ranges from 5 to 7.

英:The children’s range in age is from 5 to 7.

五、汉语句式描述在前总结在后,而翻译成英语后变成总结在前, 描述在后

1、居然还有学生在考试之前踢足球, 这似乎令人难以置信。汉:There were some students still playing football before exam. This seemed incredible. 英: It seemed incredible that some students still played football before exam.

2、拳击尚未开始, 对手就故意认输了, 这还是第一次。汉:Before the bout began the fighter was to take a dive. This was the first time. 英: It was the first time the fighter was taken a dive even before the bout began.

六、汉语的句式中,指代词通常指代前面所提到的名词, 而英语句式则不然

1、当约翰18 岁的时候, 他的第一本书就发表了。

汉:When John was 18, he had his first book published.

常见中国传统文化名词英语翻译

常见中国传统文化名词英语翻译 风水:Fengshui; geomantic omen 阳历:solar calendar 阴历:lunar calendar 闰年:leap year 十二生肖:zodiac 春节:the Spring Festival 元宵节:the Lantern Festival 清明节:the Tomb-sweeping Day 端午节:the Dragon-boat Festival 中秋节:the Mid-autumn Day 重阳节:the Double-ninth Day 七夕节:the Double-seventh Day 春联:spring couplets 春运:the Spring Festival travel 把中国的汉字“福”字倒贴在门上(听起来像是福到)预示新年有好运:turn the Chinese character for luck (fu) upside down to make “dao”(which sounds like arrival) and put it on your door to bring in good fortune for the new year 庙会:temple fair 爆竹:firecracker 年画:(traditional) New Year pictures 压岁钱:New Year gift-money 舞龙:dragon dance 舞狮:lion dance 元宵:sweet sticky rice dumplings 花灯:festival lantern 灯谜:lantern riddle 食物对于中国佳节来说至关重要,但甜食对于农历新年特别重要,因为他们能让新的一年更加甜蜜。Food is central to all Chines festivals, but sugary snacks are especially important for Lunar New Year, since they sweetne up prospects for the coming year. 传统的佳节食物包括年糕、八宝饭、饺子、果脯和瓜子。Traditional holiday treats include nian gao (rice pudding), ba bao fan (eight treasure rice), jiao zi (crispy dumplings), candied fruits and seeds. 四合院:Siheyuan/ Quadrangle 亭/阁:pavilion/attic 刺绣:Embroidery 剪纸:Paper Cutting 书法:Calligraphy 针灸:Acupuncture 象形文字:Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 偏旁:radical 战国:Warring States 人才流动:Brain Drain/Flow 铁饭碗:Iron Bowl 黄土高原:Loess Plateau 红白喜事:Weddings and Funerals ——仅供参考

中国传统文化翻译

1. 元宵节:Lantern Festival 2. 刺绣:embroidery 3. 重阳节:Double-Ninth Festival 4. 清明节:Tomb sweeping day 5. 剪纸:Paper Cutting 6. 书法:Calligraphy 7. 对联:(Spring Festival) Couplets 8. 象形文字:Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 9. 人才流动:Brain Drain/Brain Flow 10. 四合院:Siheyuan/Quadrangle 11. 战国:Warring States 12. 风水:Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 13. 铁饭碗:Iron Bowl 14. 函授部:The Correspondence Department 15. 集体舞:Group Dance 16. 黄土高原:Loess Plateau 17. 红白喜事:Weddings and Funerals 18. 中秋节:Mid-Autumn Day 19. 结婚证:Marriage Certificate 20. 儒家文化:Confucian Culture 21. 附属学校:Affiliated school 22. 古装片:Costume Drama 23. 武打片:Chinese Swordplay Movie 24. 元宵:Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup) 25. 一国两制:One Country, Two Systems 26. 火锅:Hot Pot 27. 四人帮:Gang of Four 28. 《诗经》:The Book of Songs 29. 素质教育:Essential-qualities-oriented Education 30. 《史记》:Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 31. 大跃进:Great Leap Forward (Movement) 32. 《西游记》:The Journey to the West 33. 除夕:Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival 34. 针灸:Acupuncture 35. 唐三彩:Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery 36. 中国特色的社会主义:Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics 37. 偏旁:radical 38. 孟子:Mencius 39. 亭/阁:Pavilion/ Attic

中国传统文化英语翻译.

1.香囊(scented sachet),古代也称“香袋”,通常是用布缝制或彩色丝线编织的袋子,里面塞满香草(aromatic herbs)。香囊最初用来吸汗、驱虫和避邪。香囊不仅有用,而且可作装饰品。它们的形状和大小各异,有圆形、椭圆形和其他形状。它们通常配有精致的图案,每个图案都象征着特别的含义。例如,双鱼或成对蝴蝶图案象征男女之爱;莲花或牡丹花(peony flower)等图案象征女性;松树和仙鹤图案象征长寿;石榴(guava)图案象征很多孩子。漂亮的香囊不仅是装饰品,而且含有丰富的文化和历史内涵。 翻译:Scented sachets, also called “fragrant bags” in ancient times, are bags usually sewed with cloth or weaved with multicolor silk threads and stuffed with aromatic herbs. The fragrant bags were originally used for absorbing sweat, repelling insects and warding off evils. Scented sachets are not only useful, but also ornamental. They come in different shapes and sizes, such as round, oval and many others. And they are normally decorated with elaborate patterns, with each pattern symbolizing a special meaning.For instance,a double-fish or double-butterfly pattern smybolizes the love between a man and a woman;patterns like lotus or peony flowers symbolize women;pine and crane patterns symbolize longevity and a guava pattern is the symbol of lots of children.A nice scented sachet is not just an ornament,but more of something that contains cultural and historical richness. 2.中国民间艺术与中国哲学统一于“阴阳(yin-yang)生万物”这一理念。这一理念源于中国原始社会,是对人类的人生感悟的哲学注解。中国人祖先的哲学论断是“近看自己,远观他人”。要理解中华民族民间艺术的原始艺术,这一结论必不可少。人类的本能欲望是生存并通过繁衍(propagation)继续存在。人生来的首要本能是求生,然后是长寿。从原始社会到今天,阴阳和永生的观念始终贯穿中国的社会生活和民族文化。中国民间艺术反映了社会的所有基本哲学理念。 翻译:Chinese folk art and Chinese philosophy are unified in the belief that yin-yang produces all living things in the world. Originated in Chinese primitive society, this was the philosophical explanation of human's perception of life. Chinese ancestors philosophical conclusion was to “look at oneself up close and other creatures from afar”,which is essential to the understanding of the primitive art to the folk art of the nation. To live and to continue life through propagation are the two instinctive desires of human. From birth, a person's first instinct is to survive, and then to live a long life. From primitive society to the present day, the view of yin-yang and perpetual life has permeated in all aspects of social life and the national culture of Chinese society.Chinese folk art reflects all of the basic philosophical concepts. 3.象棋(Chinese chess)两人玩的棋盘游戏,源于春秋战国时期的军事战略。早期的象棋由三部分组成:棋子、骰(dice)和棋盘。现代象棋没有骰子,它在棋子和棋盘方面与古代不同。棋盘有9行宽、10行长,共90个交叉点,构成方形网格(grid)。棋子在交叉点上落子或移动。对弈者在棋盘进行象征性的军很战争,部署马匹、战车,根据自己对棋局和游戏规则的理解组织军队。目前,中国象棋已传至全世界,进一步传承、发扬中国传统文化。

中国传统文化翻译English

Unit 1 Book3 中国传统节日 中国传统节日以中国的农历为依据。农历年的岁首称为春节,俗称“过年”,有祈年等多种习俗,是中国人民最隆重的传统节日,象征团结兴旺。其他主要的节日有元宵节、清明节、端午节、七夕节、中秋节、重阳节、冬至节、腊八节等等。各个节日都有其来源讲究和风俗习惯。农历节日与农历中的二十四节气不同。农历节日是中华民族凝聚力与生命力的体现。 Traditional Chinese Festivals Traditional Chinese festivals are usually fixed according to the lunar calendar. January 1st on lunar calendar has been designated as the Spring Festival (generally referred to as guonian). There are several customs during the Spring Festival, such as praying for a good harvest, etc. The Spring Festival is the most ceremonious traditional festival in China and symbolizes unity and prosperity. Some other significant Chinese festivals include the Lantern Festival, the Pure Bright Festival, the Dragon Boat Festival, the Double-seventh Festival, the Mid-Autumn Festival, the Double-Ninth Festival, the Winter Solstice, and the Eighth Day of the Twelfth Lunar Month, etc. Each festival has its own unique origin and custom. These Chinese festivals that follow the lunar calendar are different from the 24 Solar Terms in the lunar calendar. They embody China’s cohesion and vitality. Unit 3 Book3 中国画 中国古代四大艺术“琴棋书画”的“画”特指国画。其绘画形式是毛笔蘸水、墨、颜料作画于绢、帛、宣纸之上,古代称之为水墨丹青。为区别于西方的油画而称之为“中国画”,简称“国画”。其题材有人物、山水、花鸟等。技法可分为工笔和写意。国画的艺术特质在于“笔墨”,强调以形写神,画尽意在。国画在艺术创作上反映了中华民族的审美意识和情趣。 Traditional Chinese Painting The four art forms in ancient China are guqin, chess, penmanship, and painting. And painting particularly refers to traditional Chinese painting. Traditional Chinese painting is done with a brush dipped into black or colored ink and is painted on silk or xuan paper. In ancient China, it was called “ink-painting”. In order to distinguish it from Western oil-paintings, the Chinese people term their works “traditional Chinese painting” (abbreviated to “Chinese painting”). The subjec t matters of Chinese paintings are typically figures, landscapes, birds and flowers. The drawing skills and techniques employed by the Chinese painters can be divided into two forms:

传统翻译的理论分析

传统翻译的理论分析 作为凝结数代人智慧结晶的宝藏,中国传统翻译理论一直闪耀着独特的光芒。回顾对传统翻译理论的研究,从最初的自得,到强烈的反思倾向,再到积极研究,它的价值,尤其是现代价值,逐渐为人们所挖掘、接受。 一、中国传统翻译理论 中国传统翻译理论中,严复的“信达雅”说,傅雷的“神似”论,以及钱钟书的“化境”说较负盛名。不同时期翻译理论的内在联系使我国传统翻译理论形成一个较为完整的结构体系,即“案本—求信—神似—化境”。 严复在《天演论》中,提出自己经典的翻译理论:“译事三难:信、达、雅。”这一理论要求译者在翻译时做到:忠于原文,强调原文内容的准确传递,即信;意思表达准确流畅,强调译文的可接受性,即达;文笔优美,富有文采,强调文章的可读性,即雅。三者是个完整的原则体系,是严复结合了古代佛经翻译基础和自己的实践提出的。 傅雷的“神似”说见于“《高老头》重译本序”,“以效果而论,翻译应该象临画一样,所求不在形似而在神似。”“神韵全部抓握住了,才

能放大胆子。”他认为翻译在于“得其精而忘其粗,在其内而忘其外”。神行皆具最佳,当神似与形似无法两全时,就不该拘泥于字面,应使译文成为纯粹的目的语,能朗朗上口。为求神韵,而稍略形色。而精读熟读原文,对原文透彻理解,是“神似”的前提条件。 在前两个翻译理论的基础上,钱钟书又提出了“化境”论。 “文字翻译的最高理想可以说是‘化’。把作品从一国文字转变成另一国文字,既能不因语文习惯的差异而露出生硬牵强的痕迹,又能完全保存原有的风味,那就算得入于化境。”十七世纪有人将这一翻译的造诣,“比为原作的投胎转世,躯壳换了一个,而精神姿致依然故我”。终于原作而又生动自然。 二、中国传统翻译理论的现代价值 (一)人文主义价值。现代社会中,人文关怀和人性价值已经成为一种时尚的价值名词。我国传统翻译理论中对读者的重视反映出传统理论对人的重视。在翻译中,以读者的理解和享受为先,以人为本,重视读者,反映了传统理论的现代人文价值。 严复的“信达雅”,首者“信”,对原文意思的准确传递有助于读者更好的从文字里领会原文的意思,可以满足读者阅读需要;而“达、雅”,

中国传统文化英语翻译

1、香囊(scentedsachet),古代也称“香袋”,通常就是用布缝制或彩色丝线编织得袋子,里面塞满香草(aromatic herbs)。香囊最初用来吸汗、驱虫与避邪。香囊不仅有用,而且可作装饰品。它们得形状与大小各异,有圆形、椭圆形与其她形状。它们通常配有精致得图案,每个图案都象征着特别得含义。例如,双鱼或成对蝴蝶图案象征男女之爱;莲花或牡丹花(peony flower)等图案象征女性;松树与仙鹤图案象征长寿;石榴(guava)图案象征很多孩子。漂亮得香囊不仅就是装饰品,而且含有丰富得文化与历史内涵。 翻译:Scentedsachets, also called “fragrant bags"in ancient times,are b ags usually sewedwithcloth or weaved with multicolor silk thread sand stuffedwith aromaticherbs、The fragrant bags were originally used for absorbing sweat,repelling insects andwardingoffevils、Scented sachets are notonly useful, but also ornamental、They e in different shapesand sizes, such as round,ovaland manyother s、And they arenormally decorated with elaborate patterns, with each pattern symbolizing a special meaning、For instance,adouble-fish ordouble-butterflypattern smybolizes thelove betweena man an dawoman;patterns like lotus or peony flowers symbolizewomen;pine and crane patternssymbolize longevity and a guava patternis the symbol of lots ofchildren、A nice scented sachetis not just an ornament,but moreof somethingthat containscultural and his torical richness、 2、中国民间艺术与中国哲学统一于“阴阳(yin-yang)生万物”这一理念。这一理念源于中国原始社会,就是对人类得人生感悟得哲学注解.中国人祖先得哲学论断就是“近瞧自己,远观她人”。要理解中华民族民间艺术得原始艺术,这一结论必不可少。人类得本能欲望就是生存并通过繁衍(propagation)继续存在。人生来得首要本能就是求生,然后就是长寿。从原始社会到今天,阴阳与永生得观念始终贯穿中国得社会生活与民族文化。中国民间艺术反映了社会得所有基本哲学理念. 翻译:Chinese folkartandChinesephilosophy are unified inthe belief thatyin—yang produces all living things in the world、OriginatedinChineseprimitivesociety, thiswas thephilosophical explanation of human's perception of life、Chinese ancestorsphilosophicalconclusion wasto“look atoneself up close andother creatures from afar",which is essential to the understandingof the primiti ve arttothe folk art ofthe nation、To live and tocontinue life through propagation are thetwo instinctive desires of human、From birth,aperson'sfirst instinct is to survive, and then to livealong li fe、From primitivesocietytothe present day,the view of yin-yangand perpetual life has permeated in all aspectsofsociallife and the nationalculture of Chinesesociety、Chinese folk art re flects allof the basicphilosophicalconcepts、

中国传统文化专有名词英文翻译

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莫逆之交:bosom friends 总角之交:friendship between people who are friends since childhood 一般作宾语,指儿时的朋友。总角:古代未成年的人把头 发扎成髻。借指童年时期,幼年。总角是八九岁至十三四 岁的少年,古代儿童将头发分作左右两半,在头顶各扎成 一个结,形如两个羊角,故称“总角”。 贫贱之交:friendship between people who are poverty-stricken and from humble circumstances 杵臼之交:friendship between people who do not care about the financial condition and social status of each other 杵:舂米的木棒;臼:石臼。比喻交朋友不计较贫富和身分。

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元宵节: Lantern Festival 2. 刺绣:embroidery 3. 重阳节:Double-Ninth Festival 4. 清明节:Tomb sweeping day 5. 剪纸:Paper Cutting 6. 书法:Calligraphy 7. 对联:(Spring Festival) Couplets 8. 象形文字:Pictograms/Pictographic Characters 9. 人才流动:Brain Drain/Brain Flow 10.四合院:Siheyuan/Quadrangle 11.战国:Warring States 12.风水:Fengshui/Geomantic Omen 13.铁饭碗:Iron Bowl 14.函授部:The Correspondence Department 15.集体舞:Group Dance 16.黄土高原:Loess Plateau 17.红白喜事:Weddings and Funerals 18.中秋节:Mid-Autumn Day 19.结婚证:Marriage Certificate 20.儒家文化:Confucian Culture 21.附属学校:Affiliated school 22.古装片:Costume Drama 23.武打片:Chinese Swordplay Movie 24.元宵:Tangyuan/Sweet Rice Dumpling (Soup) 25.一国两制:One Country, Two Systems 26.火锅:Hot Pot 27.四人帮:Gang of Four 28.《诗经》:The Book of Songs 29.素质教育:Essential-qualities-oriented Education 30.《史记》:Historical Records/Records of the Grand Historian 31.大跃进:Great Leap Forward (Movement) 32.《西游记》:The Journey to the West 33.除夕:Chinese New Year’s Eve/Eve of the Spring Festival 34.针灸:Acupuncture 35.唐三彩:Tri-color Pottery of the Tang Dynasty/ The Tang Tri-colored pottery 36.中国特色的社会主义:Chinese-charactered Socialist/Socialist with Chinese characteristics 37.偏旁:radical 38.孟子:Mencius 39.亭/阁: Pavilion/ Attic 40.大中型国有企业:Large and Medium-sized State-owned Enterprises 41.火药:gunpowder 42.农历:Lunar Calendar 43.印/玺:Seal/Stamp 44.物质精神文明建设:The Construction of Material Civilization and Spiritual Civilization 45.京剧:Beijing Opera/Peking Opera

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