医学专业英语词根(齐全的哟~)

Suffix Meaning Example -ac pertaining to

属于，关于

cardiac : pertaining to the heart 心脏（病）的 -al

pertaining to medical : pertaining to medicine -ar pertaining to molecular : pertaining to a molecule

分子的

-ary pertaining to

belonging to

ciliary : pertaining to the cilia 睫毛的,纤毛的,毛状的 -ase

enzyme 酶 amylase : any enzyme that converts starch to sugar 淀粉酶 -cle

smallness 小,少,贫乏,小气 follicle: a small bodily cavity or sac 小囊,(头发的)毛囊 -e

an instrument 仪器 auriscope: an instrument for examining the ear (检查耳朵用的)耳镜 -eal

pertaining to laryngeal: pertaining to the larynx 喉的, 喉音的 -ia

condition; quality phobia: abnormal fear 恐惧，害怕 -ic pertaining to toxic: pertaining to toxin

有毒的；因中毒引起的

-ics study of; name of a science paediatrics: study of children, their

development and diseases 儿科学

-ine/in substance 物质 insulin ：substance (hormone) produced

by the islets of Langerhans in the pancreas

胰岛素

-ism process or condition alcoholism: excessive drinking of alcohol

which becomes addictive 酒精中毒

-ist one who specializes in 精通于……的人

pharmacologist: a doctor who specializes

in the study of drugs 药理专家 -itis inflammation refers to a part i n ……部位的炎症

rhinitis: inflammation of the nasal passages

鼻炎，鼻粘膜炎

-(i)um relation to a whole; related to 与……相关 endometrium: inner lining of the uter

子宫内膜

-ive characterizes by antitussive: a drug that suppresses

coughing止咳药

-let tiny; small droplet: a tiny drop 小滴

-ment the result or product of an acti on development: thing which develops or is being developed;

action of becoming mature

-oid resembling; like

像mucoid: resembling mucus 粘液样的

-ole little; small centriole: the small dense structure in the

middle of the centrosome细胞中心粒；中心体

-oma tumor; swelling refers to a doe r dermatofibroma: fibrous tumor of the skin 皮肤纤维瘤

-or/-er either a person or thing receptor: a sensory nerve ending that

responds to various stimuli感受器，受体-ory characterized by; pertaining to suspensory: which is hanging down

悬吊式，悬带

-ose sugar fructose: fruits sugar found in honey

and some fruit 果糖

-osis abnormal condition onychocryptosis: abnormal condition of

a hidden nail 嵌甲

-ous pertaining to poisonous: pertaining to poison; also

containing poison 有毒的，分泌毒素的-somes bodies ribosome: the body of nucleic acid核糖体

-um structure; thing; substance 结构，物质magnesium: a white metallic chemical substance 镁（金属元素）

-y condition; act; process dystrophy: disorder caused by defective

nutrition or metabolism 营养不良

The following is a list of the most commonly used compound suffixes

Suffix Meaning Example

-algia pain; painful; condition arthralgia: pain in a joint 关节痛

--ase enzyme protease: digestive enzyme 蛋白酶

-blast embryo胚，胚胎，人类胚胎hemocytoblast: blast cell 血胚细胞，原始血细胞

-malignant tumor developing

from connective tissue 相关组adenocarcinoma: malignant tumor developing from glandular tissue 腺癌

carcinoma 织的恶性肿瘤

-cele protrusion; distention突出；膨胀，延伸esophagocele: abnormal distention of the esophagus 食管突出

-centesis surgical puncture 手术穿孔paracentesis: surgical puncture of a cavity

for the aspiration of fluid 穿刺术

-capnia carbon dioxide 二氧化碳acapnia: absence of carbon dioxide

血液二氧化碳缺乏

-cide kill germicide: (substance) which can kill

germs杀菌剂

-clast cell phagocyte:cell, especially a white blood

cell, which can surround and destroy other

cells 噬菌细胞

-dynia pain glossodynia: pain in the tongue 舌痛

-ectasia/ -ectasis expansion; dilation(膨胀，扩张)a telectasis: incomplete expansion of the

lungs at birth 肺不张

-ectomy surgical excision or removal of gastrectomy: surgical removal of the

stomach胃切除术

-edema excessive accumulation of

serous fluid 水肿myxoedema: condition caused when the thyroid gland does not produce enough thyroid hormone 粘液腺瘤病，粘液水肿

-emia blood condition leukemia: any of several malignant diseases

where an abnormal number of leucocytes

form in the blood 白血病

-emesis vomiting 呕吐hematemesis: the vomiting of blood 咯血；吐血

-gen something that produced or

prouduces pathogen: a microorganism or agent capable of producing disease 病菌，病原体

-genesis production 生产spermatogenesis: formation and development

of spermatozoa in the testes精子发生

-globin protein蛋白质hemoglobin: an iron-containing protein

produced by erythrocytes 血红素

-gnosis knowledge diagnosis: the process of identifying the

nature or presence of a disease through

knowledge and examination

-gram image; picture electrocardiogram: a graphic record of

the electrical activity of heart muscle or

heartbeat used in the diagnosis of heart

disease.

Abbr. ECG and EKG. Syn. cardiogram 心电图

-graph(y) process of recording

记录过程electocardiography: the process of making or recording electrocardiograms. Syn. cardiography 心电图记录

-iasis condition; state

情况，状况cholelithiasis: the formation of gallstones 胆石症

-iatry/ -iatrics healing, frequently refers to a

branch of medicine 康复，常指

医学的一个分支

podiatry: treatment of foot disorders

足部医疗

-lith stone cholelith: a gallstone; a stone formed in

the gallbladder 胆结石

-logy the study of cytology: the science study of cells 细胞学

-logist one who studies and treats urologist: a physician who specializes

in the practice of urology 泌尿科医生

-lysis breakdown, destruction hemolysis: the destruction or breakdown of

red blood cells with release of hemoglobin溶血-malacia softening osteomalacia: softening of bone 骨软化

-mania extreme compulsion or

preoccupation强迫症kleptomania: a morbid, uncontrollable compulsion to steal 盗窃癖

-megaly giant acromegaly: a condition in which there is

an enlargement of the facial bones as well

as those of the lungs 肢端肥大症

-metry/ -meter measurement spirometry: measurement of the volume

of air inhaled and exhaled or the air capacity

of the lungs肺(活)量测定(法),呼吸量测定(法)

-odynia pain cardiodynia: pain in the heart region 心痛，胸痛-one hormone荷尔蒙，激素parathormone: which regulates calcium

balance among the blood, bones, and

teeth甲状旁腺激素

-opia a defect in the eye眼睛的毛病myopia: being short-sighted 近视

-opsy to view biopsy: excision of live tissue for microscopic

diagnosis活检

-osis morbid condition病态的sclerosis: abnormal hardening 硬化症

-osmia smell anosmia: loss of the sense of smell嗅觉丧失

-ostomy process of making an opening into or a connection between gastrostomy: surgical construction of an opening from the surface of the abdomen into the stomach胃造口术

造瘘

-oxia

level of oxygen 氧水平 hypoxia : a low oxygen level or a lack of oxygen in body tissues 组织缺氧 -pathy

disease; diseased condition ophthalmopathy : any eye disease 眼病 -penia deficiency leukopenia : deficiency of leukocytes in

the blood. Syn. leukocytopenia 白细胞减少症

-pepsia digestion

eupepsia : good digestion 消化良好 --pexy

a fixing or setting firmly in place by suturing 缝合固定 hepatopexy: surgical fixation of a displace liver 肝固定术 -

phagia/ph

agy

eating; swallowing 吃，吞咽 dysphagia: difficulty in swallowing 吞咽困难 -phil attraction 吸引，具有吸引力的事物

basophil: type of leucocyte or white blood

cell which contains granules 嗜碱性粒细胞 -phobia fear xenophobia: irrational fear of strangers

对外国人的恐惧，憎恶

-plasia formation; development hyperplasia: overdevelopment or enlargement

of an organ or tissue 增生，数量型肥大

-phonia voice dysphonia: difficulty in speaking 发声困难 -plasm

formation; growth or substance of formation cytoplasm: jelly substance in the cell 细胞浆 -plasty surgical repair osteoplasty : surgical repair of the bone

骨整形术，骨成形术

--plegia stroke; paralysis 中风 thermoplegia: heat or sunsrtoke 热射病

-pnea breathing

eupnea : normal breathing 呼吸正常，平静呼吸 --ptosis a falling, the dropping or sagging of an organ 器官下移 hepatoptosis : abnormally low position of

the liver 肝下垂

-ptysis spitting 分散 melanoptysis : spitting of the spleen

黑色痰液;咳黑痰

-poiesis production hemopoiesis: production of blood cells

造血作用，生血作用

-rrhage/ -rrhagia

bursting forth of blood 出血 menorrhagia: very heavy bleeding during

menstruation 月经过多 -rrhaphy surgical sewing or suturing

splenorrhaphy : suture of the spleen 脾修补术

-rrhea overflow hydrorrhea: watery discharge 液溢

-(o)rrhexis splitting or rupture 撕裂，破裂，疝气

amniorrhexis: rupture of the amniotic ac

羊膜破裂

-sarcoma malignant tumor developing fro m connective tissue liposarcoma: malignant tumor containing fat 脂肪肉瘤

-schesis a holding back; suppression of

discharge阻碍；抑制排放

uroschesis: suppression of urine闭尿，尿潴留-sclerosis a hardening dermatosclerosis: hardening of the skin硬皮病-scope instrument for viewing stethoscope: an instrument for performing

medicate ausculation听诊器

-scopy process of examining visually hepatoscopy: examination of the liver 肝检查-spasm involuntary contraction angiospasm: sudden contraction of the

muscles in a blood vessel血管痉挛

-stasis suppression; stoppage; control;

arrest抑制，中止hemostasis: the arrest of bleeding 止血，止血法

-stenosis abnormal narrowing of a duct o r canal管、道德异常狭窄laryngostenosis: abnormal narrowing of the larynx 喉狭窄

-stomy surgical opening to the outside of the body造口colostomy: surgical operation to make an opening from the colon结肠造口术

-tention pressure hypertention: high blood pressure 高血压

-therapy treatment physiotherapy: treatment of disease

by physical means物理疗法

--tion process hospitalization: the process of being

hosipitalized住院

-tocia labor; birth 生产embryotocia: abortion 流产

-tome tool for incision arthrotome: instrument for cutting a joint关节刀-tomy process of cutting into gastrotomy: incision of the stomach 胃切开术

-tropia turning 转弯，变向esotropia: turning inward of the eye内斜视

-trophy nourishment or development of an organ器官的营养、发育dystrophy: disorder caused by defective nutrition or metabolism营养不良

-uria a condition of the urine（小

便）

dysuria: difficultly in passing urine 排尿困难-version turning eversion: a turning outward外翻，翻转Here is a table of the most commonly used prefixes

Prefix Meaning Example

a-/an- without; not aphasia: the inability to understand written

or spoken words or to speak meaningfully失语症ab- away from abortion: expulsion from the uterus流产

ad- to; toward; near adnasal: near the nose 近鼻的

acro- a point or tip acronyx: growing into the flesh嵌甲

alb- white albino: a person lacking normal

pigmentation白发病者

amb-/ ambi- both ambisexual、bisexual: (person) who is sexually

attracted to both males and famales 双性恋

amphi-/ ampho- both; both sides amphicentric: beginning and ending in

the same vessel起止同源的血管

ana- up; back again anabolism: process of building up complex

chemical substances on the basis of simpler

ones 合成代谢

Angio- a blood vessel angioma: benign tumor formed of blood

vessel血管瘤

ante- before antenatal: during the period between

conception and childbirth 出生前的，怀孕期的anti- against antidepressant: (drug) used to treat

depression抗抑郁剂

audi- hearing; sound audiometry: science of testing hearing听力测定auto- self autoantibody: antibody formed to attack the

body’s own cells自身抗体

bi- two; twice bicellular: two cells两室的

bio- living organisms生命体biochemistry: chemistry living tissues生物化学brady- slow bradycardia: slow rate of heart contraction,

shown by a slow pulse rate心动过缓

carcin- carcinoma or cancer癌；瘤 carcinogen: a cancer-causing substance致癌物

cata- downwards; under; against;

along with cataract: condition where the lens of the

eye gradually becomes hard and opaque白内障

centi- one hundredth百分之一centimeter: unit of measurement of length

(=one hundredth of a meter)厘米

co(n)- with or together consanguineous: blood relationship

血亲的，血缘的，密切的

contra- against contraception: prevention of pregnancy

by using devices or drugs 避孕法，节育法de- removal or loss decaffeinated: (coffee) with the caffeine

removed 脱去咖啡因的

deca- ten decagram: ten grams 十克

deci- tenth deciliter: unit of measurement of liquid

(=one tenth of a little)1/10公升

di- two diglossia: a double tongue使用两种语言

dia- through; between; apart; ac

ross diathermy: process of (treating) through heat 透热疗法

dis- reversal or separate disintegrate: to come to pieces分解，破裂dys- bad; difficult; disordered dysarthrosis: deformity or malformation

of a joint关节变形

echo- sound echocardiography: ultrasonography of the

heart心回波描记，超声心动描记术

ect-/ ecto- outside or outer ecchondroma: benign tumor on the surface

of cartilage or bone外生软骨瘤

en- in; within enostosis: benign growth inside a bone

内生骨疣

endo- inside endocardium: membrane which lines the

heart心内膜

epi- on; over epidermis: outer layer of skin表皮

ery- red erythrocyte: mature non-nucleated red

blood cell红细胞

eso- inward; within(向内)esotropia: turning inward of the eye内斜视eu- good eugenics: study of how to improve the human

race by genetic selection优生学

ex-/ exo- out of exhale: to breath out 呼出

extra- outside extracapsular: outside a capsule囊外的

hemi- half hemiplegia: severe paralysis affecting one

side of the body 偏瘫,半身麻痹,半身不遂hydro- water hydrocele: collection of watery liquid found

in a cavity such as the scrotum阴囊积水hyper- higher or too much hyperglycaemia: excess of glucose in the

blood高血糖症

hypo- less or too little hypokalaemia: deficiency of potassium in

the blood 低血钾

in- in or into inbreeding: breeding between a closely

related male and female 近亲交配

in- not incoherent: not able to speak in a way

which makes sense语无伦次

infra- below or beneath infrapatellar: below or beneath the patella髌inter- between interlobular: between lobules小叶间的

intra- inside intramedullary: inside the bone marrow or

spinal cord 髓内

itro- into introvert: person who thinks only about himself

and his own mental state性格内向的人

mal- bad or abnormal malfunction: abnormal working of an argan

机器等运转失常；失灵；出现故障

meta- changes metaplasia: change of one tissue to another

化生，转化，组织变形

micro- very small microcyte: abnormally small red blood

cell小红细胞

mid- middle midcarpal: between the two rows of carpal

bones腕骨间的

milli- one thousandth milligram: unit of measurement of weight 毫克mis- error or wrong miscarriage: spontaneous abortion流产

multi- many multigravida: a woman who is pregnant

andhas been pregnant at least twice

before 经产孕妇

noct- at night nocturia: passing abnormally large quantity

of urine when asleep in bed at night夜尿症nona- nine or the nineth nonagon: flat shape which has nine

sides九边形

octa- eight octan: every eight days八日热；每隔八日

发一次的

odont- teeth odontology: study of teeth and associated

structures, and their disorders

onco- tumours oncology: scientific study of new gowths肿瘤学oro- mouth orolingual: pertaining to the mouth and

tongue口与舌的

pachy- thickening pachysomia: condition where soft tissues of the

body become abnormally thick躯体肥厚

pali-/ palin- against; pathologic repetitio

n病态的重复

palindromic: (disease) which recurs

复发的，再发的

pan-

/pant-/ panto- all pancytopenia: abnormal depression of all

the cellular elements of the blodd全血细胞减少症

para- similar to or near; changed

or beyond paralyse or paralyze: to weaken (muscles) so that they cannot function使麻痹，使瘫痪

pen-/ penta- five pentosuria: excretion of pentoses in the urine

戊糖尿

per-

through percutaneous: done or administered through the skin 经皮的，由皮的 peri-

around pericystitis: inflammation of tissue around the bladder 膀胱周炎 pero- deformed or defective 畸形有缺陷的

peromelia: congenital deformity of the limbs

四肢不全 pharmaco -

drugs

pharmacology: study of drugs or medicines, and their action, properties and characteristics 药理学，药物学 pleo-/ pleio-

too many

pleokaryocyte: condition where a greater than normal number of cells in cerebrospinal fluid 多核细胞

pluri- more

pluriglandular: pertaining to or affecting several glands 多线性的 pneum-/ pneunmo-

air or the lungs; breathing

pneumonia: inflammation of a lung 肺炎 poly- touching many organs

polyphagia: condition where a patient eats too much; morbid desire for every king of food 多食症，杂食症 post- after or later

postprandial: after a meal 餐后的 pre- before of in front of

premature: early or before the normal time 过早的，早产 presby- old age

presbyopia: an old person’s sight fails gradually 老花眼 pro-/ supin-/ pron- before or in front of

lying on the back

bend forward

prognosis: prediction of the outcome of a disease 预测；预后 quadri-/ quint- four

five/fifth

quadruplet or quad: one of four babies born to a mother at the same time 四胞胎 radio- ray or radiation

radiotherapy: treating a disease by exposing the affected part to radioactive 放射疗法 semi- half

semiptosis: the downward sagging of half or part of an organ 轻度睑下垂 sub- under

submucous: under the mucous membrane 粘膜下层的；粘膜下的 super- above; extremely

superalbuminosis: abnormal increase of albumin 白蛋白过多 syn- with; joint syndesmosis: joint where the ones are tightly

linked by ligaments 韧带联合

supra- above; over suprarenal: (situated) above a kidney 肾上腺tachy- fast tachycardia: rapid beating of the heart 心动过速tetra- four tetracycline: antibiotic used to treat a wide

range of bacterial diseases 四环素

trans- across; through; beyond transmission: the transfer, as of a disease,

from one person to another 传染

tri- three tricephalus: a fetus with three heads 三头畸胎ultra- beyond; excess ultrasonics: the science dealing with ultrasonic

sound waves 超声波学

uni- one uniglandular: affecting only one gland 单腺的xen(o)- strange; foreign xenograft: a graft of tissue transplant between

animals of different species 异种移植物