what从句定语从句

Computers
are the most efficient assistants that man has ever had. 译文: 计算机是人类所曾有过的效率最高的 助手。
3. Occasions when a connective may be omitted (1) When the connective acts as an object in the sub-clause e.g. ● The amount of gravitational pull a body produces depends on the amount of material in it. 译文: 一个物体产生的万有引力的大小取 决于它所含物质的多少。

e.g. ● This device is what we need. 译文: 这个设备正是我们所需要的。 ● The relative velocity between the two is what makes the difference. 译文: 这两者之间的相对速度就是造成这种差别 的原因。 ● What we have is 4 Ω and 12 Ω in parallel. 译文: 我们得到的是4欧姆和12欧姆相并联。




c. In the what-clause, if we can find a predicative, we just translate the predicative e.g. ● Einstein worked out what is probably the most important equation in the history of mathematics. 译文: 爱因斯坦解出了也许是数学史上最重要 的方程式。 ● After what seemed a long time, the voices moved far to the right. 译文: 在似乎过了很长时间以后，声音传到了右边远方。 ● A scientific law is merely a statement of what we believe to be true. 译文: 科学定律只是对我们认为真理的（正确的）描述。

(2) A few special patterns a. What is called / termed / named / described as / known as / referred to as / spoken of as / + n. (complement)—所谓的…，人们所说的… b. In what is to follow / In what follows = In all that follows = In the following

b. “what” belongs to a compound relative pronoun 代表…“的”事；话；内容；东西；方向； 情况；原因等 What I have said / dealt with / covered / described / presented / treated: 我所讲述的内容…

e.g. ● In what is to follow, we acquaint ourselves with some basic concepts. 译文: 下面我们要熟悉一些基本概念。 ● In what follows we will study whichever process is the most convenient to analyze. 译文: 下面我们将研究最便于分析的那种过 程。
3. The what-clause (1) common case a. “What” belongs to an interrogative pronoun：什么 / 怎么样 / 多大（尺寸，大小，数值等） e.g. ● It is necessary to find what force will be exerted on charge A. 必须求出多大的力将作用在电荷A上。 ● The purpose is to determine for what value of RL this PL is maximum. 目的在于确定RL为什么值时这个PL为最大。


Biblioteka Baidu


What a refrigerator does is remove heat from specific region and transport it elsewhere. 译文: 冰箱的功能是把某一特定区域的热量移走而把它 输送到别的地方。 ● In this case the magnetic moment (磁矩) of an electron would differ slightly from what it would be in a perfect vacuum. 译文: 在这种情况下，电子的磁矩与在真空中的磁矩稍 有不同。 ● What is well known is that light is a kind of electromagnetic wave. 译文: 众所周知，光是一种电磁波。
1 It is necessary to know what units are used for measuring the quantity of heat. 2 This book tells the reader what electric circuits are and what we do with it. 3 This back emf is what opposes the current. 4 Force is what makes bodies move. 5 What this chapter describes is extremely important.



6 In general, what we see is reflected light. 7 This concept will be introduced in what the author hopes is a clear and concise manner. 8 At that time, the mercury became what is now referred to as a superconductor. 9 What we call the weight of a body is really the attractive force which the earth exerts on the body. 10 The current in this branch has become 10 times what it was.







2. “that” and “which” can be exchanged on many occasions. On the following occasions “that” can not be replaced by “which” : (1) When the antecedent is : all, everything, nothing, something, anything All that one should do is to adjust the resistance. 译文: 人们所应做的就是调整一个电阻。 (2) The antecedent is modified by “only, no, very” or “ordinal numbers” The first thing that will be done is to … (3) The antecedent is modified by the superlative degree of adjectives
IV. Relative clauses 1. Connectives Relative pronouns: that / which / who / whose / as / but =which, who, that ~ not

Relative adverbs: where / why / when / as / whence / whereby / wherein / whereon





d. What it is (was) / What they are (were) -- to stress e.g. ● The research institute is quite different from what it was five years ago. 译文:这个研究所跟五年前大不一样。 ● After a chemical change, a substance is changed to something different from what it was. 译文: 物质经过了化学变化就变成了与原来不同的某种东 西了。 ● The output of foundries (铸造业) in the UK shrank to one-third of what the industry was a decade ago. 译文: 英国的铸造业产量减少到10年前的三分之一。
e.g. ● There is not a single substance but has resistance to the flow of electrons. 没有哪一种物质对电子的流动是没有阻力的。 任何物质对于电子的流动都有阻力。 ● The specimen(样品) is in the form of a ring on whose surface the wire is wound. 样品的形式是在其表面上绕有导线的一个环。 ● In the electron tube, the negative electrode is heated to the point where it emits electrons. 在电子管中，负电极被加热到使它发射电子的程 度。

(2) When the connective acts as a prepositional object with the preposition at the end of the subclause e.g. ● Iron is one of the metals we are familiar with. 译文: 铁是我们最熟悉的金属之一。 ● The instrument we measure a body’s temperature with is called a thermometer. 译文: 我们用来测体温的器具称为温度计。

● These equations are special cases where x0 and t0 are both zero. 译文: 这些式子是x0和t0均为零的特殊情况。 ● The load is the place where the signal leaves a circuit. 译文: 负载就是信号离开电路的地方。 ● The circulatory system is the system whereby blood is pumped to all the body tissues. 译文: 血液循环系统是把血液输送到一切人体组 织去的系统。