定语从句

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4) Even young students who plan on staying in the United States just long enough to finish two semesters of high school have difficulty finding a host family. 即使是那些只计划短期留居美国，一完成两学期 高中课程就离开的年轻学生也很难找到一个愿意 收留他们的家庭。
表“条件”的定语从句
The
following principles might be helpful for foreign students who wish to increase their reading skill. 外国学生想要提高自己的阅读能力，下列原 则可能有所帮助。 Men become desperate for work, any work, which will help them to keep alive their families. 人们极其迫切地要求工作，不管什么工作，只 要它能维持一家人的生活就行。

非限制性定语从句
英语的定语从句与汉语中的定语还有一 个不同的地方，那就是，英语中有些定 语从句和主句关系不密切，它从语法上 看是修饰定语从句的先行词的，但实际 上限定作用不强，而是修饰主句的谓语 或全句的，起状语作用。也就是说，有 些定语从句兼有状语从句的职能，在意 义上与主句有状语关系，表明原因、结 果、目的、让步、假设等关系。
表“结果”的定语从句
What
are the hopes and aims and dreams that had made them the incredibly stubborn warriors? 是什么样的希望，什么样的目标，什么样的理 想使他们成长为顽固到难以置信的战士呢？ They tried to stamp out the revolt, which spread all the more furiously throughout the country. 他们企图镇压反抗，结果反抗愈来愈烈，遍及 全国。
The boy who just went out is my nephew. 刚出去的那个男孩是我的侄儿。 2. He who has never tasted what is bitter does not know what is sweet. 没有吃过苦的人不知道什么是甜。 3. Space and oceans are the new world which scientists are trying to explore. 太空和海洋是科学家们努力探索的新领域。
2. 特殊疑问句 ……疑问Pron.＋名词
修饰疑问代词Prop.的定语从句有时候被简短的问句隔 开, 这时, 通常将谓语动词放疑问pron.前, 同时在疑 问prop.后加适当名词 ---What do you have that’s good to read? 你有什么好书可看? ---What on earth did you do that was so bad? 你究竟干了什么坏事?
定语从句
Attributive Clause
Contents
Restrictive Attributive Clause Non-restrictive Attributive Clause Special Attributive Clause Divided Attributive Clause
As we have seen in an earlier unit, the greater this difference in temperature, the faster the heat will flow.
正如我们在先前一个单元中所看到的，温差越大，
热传输越快。
分离式定语从句：定语从句和中心词被其他成分分隔开来



2.并列句
1) it seemed to him that his heart was bound with cords which an unseen hand was tightening with every tick of the clock. 他觉得他的心让许多绳子捆住，有一只看不 见的手跟着钟的滴答声一下一下地把它收紧。
表“目的”的定语从句
The
imperialist maitains enormous armies and gigantic navies which are used for oppressing and exploiting the people in distant land. 帝国主义国家维持了庞大的陆海军，用以压 迫和剥削远地的人民。 He is collecting authentic material that proves his argument. 为了证明他的论点，他正在收集确凿的材料。
表“转折”的定语从句
She
was very patient towards the children, which her husband seldom was. 她对孩子们很有耐心，而她丈夫却很少这样。
注意下面每对定语从句含义的区别
The
teacher thanked the students, who had given her flowers. (含义：全体学生）
But if the attributive clause may cause ambiguity or logic mistake, it should be put after its antecedent, usually as an individual sentence ： e.g. They killed four men and injured the fifth who later died of his wounds. 他们打死四人，并打伤了后来伤重死去的第 五人。 他们打死四人，打伤一人， 伤者后来因伤势 过重而死 。
表“时间”的定语从句
Electricity,
which is passed through the thin tungsten wire inside the bulb, make the wire very hot. 当电通过灯泡里的细钨丝时，钨丝就会变 得很热。 A driver who is driving the bus mustn’t talk with others or be absent-minded. 司机在开车时，不许和人谈话，也不能走 神。

Restrictive Attributive Clause
限制性定语从句一般可以作为前置定语或并 列句。 1.前置定语 1）the people who worked for him lived in mortal fear of him. 在他手下工作的人对他怕得要死。 较短的限制性定语从句往往译成汉语的主谓 词组，放在被修饰词的前面。
汤姆进了汽车， 那辆车停在房子后面。（只一 辆车）
Tom
got into the car which parked behind the house.
汤姆进了停在房子后面的汽车。（不只有一辆 车）
特殊定语从句
由as引导的定语从句，既可以是限制性 的，又可以是非限制性的；既可以修饰 主语或宾语，又可以修饰整个主句，而 且还在从句中充当主语或宾语等句子成 分。因此，我们可把它视为一种特殊定 语从句。
表“让步”的定语从句
The
problem, which is very complicated, has been solved. 这个问题虽然很复杂，但已经解决了。 He insisted on buying another house, which he had no use for. 尽管他并没有这样的需要，他坚持要再买一 幢房子。

Examples
2) I want to buy a house which is inexpensive yet comfortable. 我想买一座又便宜又舒适的房子。 3) Now it is proving itself not as a country which is threatened but as a country which is threatening others. 现在证明它自己不是一个受威胁的国家，而 是一个威胁他国的国家。
1. 中心词+adj.短语+定语从句 ……完全颠倒
这种结构的，通常用”定语从句+adj.短语+中心词” 结构, 即原来成分完全颠倒过来 --- Snow-white cloth, suitable for making shirts, that is produced in our factory, has been sold out. 我厂生产的适于做衬衣的纯白布匹已经卖完了. --- You remember, that electric charges, positive and negative, which are responsible for electrical forces, can wipe one another out and disappear. 记住,产生电力的正负电荷是能相互抵消并且消失的. 返回

表示“原因”的定语从 句 The soldiers, who may have felt sorry for the
boy, had him stand with his back to his father. 那些士兵，可能是出于对孩子的怜悯，让他背 向他的父亲站着。 He showed no further wish for conversation with Mrs. Smith, who was now more than usually insolent and disagreeable. 他似乎不愿再和史密斯太太讲话，因为她现在 异常无礼，令人厌烦。

2）He managed to raise a crop of 200 tomatoes that weighed up to two pounds each.他居然种出了两百个令人惊奇的西红柿， 每个重达两磅。 3）It is he who received the letter that announced the death of your uncle.是他接到 那封信，说你的叔叔去世了。

1. 中心词+adj.短语+定语从句 ……完全颠倒
2. 特殊疑问句 ……疑问Prop.＋名词 3. 中心词+谓语+定语从句 ……先谓语


4.中心词+prep.短语+定语从句 ……短前长后
5.中心词+2个定语从句 6.中心词+分词结构+定语从句 7.中心词+插入语+定语从句 8.中心词+adv.+定语从句 ……看逻辑主语 9. 中心词+其他成分+定语从句
（一）相当于汉语的定语成分：
These considerations form the basis of our definition of inertia, of mass, as it is more often is called.
这些因素构成了惯性或人们更经常称之为质量的
定义的基础。
（二）当由as引导的定语从句修饰整个主句时， 一般译成“如……的”之类的比况状语结构的独 立句：
老师向学生们表示感谢，因为学生们向老师送了鲜 花。
The
teacher thanked the students who had given her flowers. (含义：部分学生）
老师向给她送鲜花的学生表示感谢。
Tom
got into the car, which parked behind the house.