专业英语重点句子(带单词翻译版)

Unit 1 (5个)

1.Materials science and engineering (MSE) is an interdisciplinary field concerned with inventing new materials and improving previously known materials by developing a deeper understanding of the microstructure-composition-synthesis-processing relationships.

2.Materials scientists and engineers not only deal with the development of materials, but also with the synthesis and processing of materials and manufacturing processes related to the production of components.

3.One of the most important functions of materials scientists and engineers is to establish the relationships between a material or a device’s properties and performance and the microstructure of that material, its composition, and the way the material or the device was synthesized and processed.

4.In materials science, the emphasis is on the underlying relationships between the synthesis and processing, structure, and properties of materials.

5.In materials engineering, the focus is on how to translate or transform materials into

a useful device or structure.

Unit 2（3个）

6.What is also fascinating about van der Waals forces is that they begin as inter actions between atoms and molecules that ultimately lead to considerable forces between fine particles of any material.

7. We make use of metal and ceramic powders (dry or slurries) in processing many ceramic and metallic materials through routes collectively known as powder processing (Processing technique for metals involving the solid-state bonding of a fine grained powder into a fully dense product).

8.We can accomplish this by introducing like charges on the particles (electrostatic stabilization) or adsorbing soap like surfactant molecules on the surfaces of particles (steric stabilization).

Unit 3（8个）

9.The Si-O bond in the SiO44- structure in about 50 percent covalent and 50 percent ionic according to calculations from Pauling’s equation.

10.The tetrahedral coordination of SiO44- satisfies the directionality requirement of covalent bonding and the radius ratio requirement of ionic bonding.

11.If two corners of each SiO44-tetrahedron are bonded with the corners of other tetrahedra, a chain or ring structure with the unit chemical formula of SiO32- results.

12.Silicate sheet structure form when three corners in the same plane of a silicate tetrahedron are bonded to the corners of three silicate tetrahedra.

13.The mineral['mɪnərəl](矿物的,矿物)kaolinite['keɪəlɪnaɪt](高岭石)consists (in its pure form) of every small, flat plates roughly hexagonal[hek'sæɡənəl](六边的，六角形的) in shape, with their average size being about 0.7um in diameter[daɪ'æmɪtə](直径) and 0.05 um thick.

14.Another example of a sheet silicate is the mineral talc[tælk](滑石；云母), in which a sheet of Mg3(OH)24+ bonds with two outer-layer Si2O52- sheets (one on each side) to form a composite['kɒmpəzɪt](复合的；合成的)sheet with the unit chemical formula['fɔːmjʊlə](公式,方程式) Mg3(OH)2(Si2O5)2.

15.Crystalline['krɪst(ə)laɪn](结晶的)silica exists in several polymorphic[,pɒlɪ'mɔːfɪk](多态的)forms that correspond to different ways in which the silicate tetrahedral are arranged with all corners shared.

16.The most stable forms of silica and the temperature ranges in which they exist at atmospheric pressure are low quartz[kwɔːts](石英) below 573℃, high quartz between 573 to 867℃, high tridymite['trɪdɪmaɪt](鳞石英)between 867 and 1470℃, and high cristobite[kris'təu,bəlait](方石英) between 1470 and 1710℃.

Unit 4（15个）

17.Point defects(点缺陷)are localized['lokə'laɪzd](局部的；地区的；小范围的) disruptions[dɪs'rʌpʃən](破坏) in otherwise perfect atomic or ionic arrangements in a crystal structure.

18.These imperfections, may be introduced by movement of the atoms or ions when they gain energy by heating, during processing of the material, by introduction of impurities, or doping[dop](掺杂).

19.An important "point" about point defects is that although the defect occurs at one or two sites, their presence is "felt" over much larger distances in the crystalline material.

20. When atoms or ions are missing (i.e., when vacancies are present), the overall randomness['rændəmnɪs](随意；无安排；不可测性) or entropy['entrəpɪ](熵) of the material increases, which increases the thermodynamic[,θɜːməʊdaɪ'næmɪk](热力学的) stability of a crystalline material.

21.V acancies['vekənsi](空位)play an important role in determining the rate at which atoms or ions can move around, or diffuse[dɪ'fjuːz](弥散,扩散)in a solid material, especially in pure metals.