词形变换小结

词形变换小结

一、形容词变副词的规则

1.一般情况下直接加“ly”，如

quick---quickly real-really

helpful-helpfully careful-carefully hopeful-hopefully slow-slowly

quick-quickly quiet-quietly

2.以辅音字母“y”结尾的,先将“y”改成“i”,再加“ly”，如happy---happily busy-busily

angry-angrily easy-easily

3、以辅音字母加不发音的字母e结尾和以-ue结尾的形容词要先去掉e,然后再加-y或-ly。例如：terrible-terribly; gentle-gently; simple→simply probable –probably; able-ably; true-truly

但绝大多数以e结尾的形容词仍然直接加-ly。例如：polite-politely, wide-widely等。

另外,副词还可以由形容词加前缀a-得来,如:loud (adj.)-aloud (adv.)

4.以ll结尾的词只加y

full-fully dull→dully

以ic结尾的词加ally

automatic-automatically

energetic-energetically

democratic→democratically

有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。

daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early

The Times is a daily paper.

The Times is published daily.

此外,部分名词加后缀也可变成副词,如:

part-partly,例句: It is partly her fault. 有部分是她的错。需注意: friendly，deadly，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly , fatherly, motherly，lovely等是形容词而非副词。

形容词变副词通常是加ly,特殊变化请记住以下口诀：

一般直接加，“元e”去e加，“辅y”改i加，“le”结尾e改y。

分别举例如下：

quick—quickly, true—truly,

happy—happily, gentle — gently

possible —possibly.

probable — probably

在英语中,有些词既可以作形容词,又可以作副词,如early, much, fast, little, wide, loud, high, deep，hard等。由于这类词词性虽不同,但词形却一样,这就需要大家学会在特定语境中判断它们各自的词性。例句:

Thank you very much. (adv.) 多谢。

There is much water in the river. (adj.)

The music is too loud.Please turn it down. (adj.) He speaks loud enough,So everyone in the room can hear what he said. (adv.) 他说话的声音很大,所以房间里每个人都能听到他的话。

兼有两种形式的副词

1) close与closely

close意思是"近"；closely 意思是"仔细地"

He is sitting close to me.

Watch him closely.

2) late 与lately

late意思是"晚"；lately 意思是"最近"

You have come too late.

What have you been doing lately?

3) deep与deeply

deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地" He pushed the stick deep into the mud.

Even father was deeply moved by the film.

4) high与highly

high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much

The plane was flying high.

I think highly of your opinion.

5) wide与widely

wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方"

He opened the door wide.

English is widely used in the world.

6) free与freely

free的意思是"免费"；freely 的意思是"无限制地"

You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.

You may speak freely; say what you like.

另外,还有一类副词和形容词词义相同,但拼写却不同,如well和good。例句He speaks good English.

他讲一口流利的英语。

He speaks English well.

他英语讲得不错。

二、动词变名词小结

1.在词尾加er,r ,双写加er 或or:

A.play — player, sing — singer

wait — waiter , find — finder

B. write — writer, drive —driver

come — comer, explore — explorer

dance — dancer

C. run — runner, win — winner

traval — travaller

D. visit — visitor, invent — inventor

2. 在词尾加ing:

build — building, draw —drawing

end — ending, begin — beginning

swim — swimming，skate — skating

feel — feeling, say — saying,

mean — meaning, cross — crossing