自考英美文学选读必考重点第四讲文艺复兴时期
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B. The examples :
Henry VI (I,II, III ) are the beginning of Shakespeare's epic treatment of English history . Henry IV (I,II,III) are undoubtedly the most widely read among his history plays .
B. He would shorten the time and intensify the story . There are usually several threads running through the play .
3. Language and style :
A. Irony is a good means of dramatic presentation . Disguise is also an important device to create dramatic irony , usually with woman disguised as man .
b. At the center of the conflict between human love and spiritual duty lies Milton's fundamental concern with freedom and choice .
四. The artistic achievements :
1. The characters :
A. SFra Baidu bibliotekakespeare's major characters are neither merely individual ones or type ones .
B. By applying a psyche-analytical approach , Shakespeare succeeds in exploring the characters' inner mind .
二. The themes of Shakespeare's works
1. The history plays :
A. The theme
Shakespeare's history plays are mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity .
The Tempest :
a. The Tempest , an elaborate and fantastic story , is known as the best of his final romances .
b. The Tempest is a typical example of his Pessimistic view toward human life and society in his late years .
2. The romantic comedies : A . The theme : …takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth , and
the romantic elements are brought into full play . The example : The important play among the comedies is the Merchant of
B. He has an amazing wealth of vocabulary and idiom . His influence on later writers is immeasurable . Almost all English writers after him have been influenced by him either in artistic point of view , in literary form or in language .
2. The realistic spirits
Along with the portrayal of the weakness or bias of the hero , we see the sharp conflicts between the individual and the evil force in the society , which shows that Shakespeare is a great realist in the true sense .
c. His life is one of constant role-playing , examining the nature of action only to deny its possibility .
d. By revealing the power-seeking , the jostling for place , shakespeare condemns the hypocrisy and treachery and general corruption at the royal court .
C. Shakespeare also portrays his characters in pairs . Contrasts are frequently used to bring vividness to his characters .
2. Construction :
A. Shakespeare's plays are well-known for their skillful plot construction . He borrows them from some old plays or storybooks , or from ancient Greek and Roman sources .
The analysis of Hamlet
a. Hamlet , the first of the great tragedies , is generally regarded as shakespeare's most popular play on the stage .
b. Hamlet has none of the single-minded blood lust of the earlier revengers . It is not because he is incapable of action , but because the cast of his mind is so speculative , so questioning , and so contemplative that action .
重点： 1. 莎士比亚各个时期的作品有何特点？ 2. 重要作品的主题。 3. 四大悲剧的共同特色。 4. 哈姆莱特人物分析。
John Milton
一. Works : Milton 's literary achievements can be divided into three
groups . 1. The early works : Milton appears as the inheritor of all that was best in
三. The greatest tragedies :
1. The common features :
Shakespeare 's greatest tragedies are : Hamlet , Othello , King Lear , and Macbeth . They have some characteristics in common . Each portrays some noble hero , who faces the injustic of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation .
Venice . a. The traditional theme :
to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine of great beauty , wit and loyalty , and to expose the insatiable greed and brutality of the Jew .
B. The humanistic spirits
a. Working through the tradition of a Christian humanism , Milton wrote Paradise Lost intending to expose the way of Satan and to "justify the ways of God to man . "
Lost , Paradise regained and Samson Agonistes .
二. The masterpieces :
1. paradise Lost :
A. The theme and structure :
Paradise Lost is a long epic divided into 12 books .The theme is the "Fall of Man ".
b. The modern theme : to regard the play as a satire of the Christian's hypocrisy and
their false standards of friendship and love , their cunning ways of pursuing worldiness and their unreasoning prejudice against Jews .
Elizabethan literature. Lycidas is a typical example . 2. The middle works : His powerful pamphlets written during this period make
him the greatest prose writer of his age . 3. The last great poems : Milton wrote his three major poetical works : Paradise
3. The tragedies :
A . The theme :
The play, though a tragedy, is permeated with optimistic spirit .
B. The example :
The successful romantic tragedy is Romeo and Juliet, which praises the faithfulness of love and the spirit of pursuing happiness .
第四讲
William Shakespeare
一. The dramatic career : (4 periods ) 1. Apprenticeship period 2. High individualized period 3. Greatest stragedies and dark
comedies period . 4. Romantic tragicomedies period .
Henry VI (I,II, III ) are the beginning of Shakespeare's epic treatment of English history . Henry IV (I,II,III) are undoubtedly the most widely read among his history plays .
B. He would shorten the time and intensify the story . There are usually several threads running through the play .
3. Language and style :
A. Irony is a good means of dramatic presentation . Disguise is also an important device to create dramatic irony , usually with woman disguised as man .
b. At the center of the conflict between human love and spiritual duty lies Milton's fundamental concern with freedom and choice .
四. The artistic achievements :
1. The characters :
A. SFra Baidu bibliotekakespeare's major characters are neither merely individual ones or type ones .
B. By applying a psyche-analytical approach , Shakespeare succeeds in exploring the characters' inner mind .
二. The themes of Shakespeare's works
1. The history plays :
A. The theme
Shakespeare's history plays are mainly written under the principle that national unity under a mighty and just sovereign is a necessity .
The Tempest :
a. The Tempest , an elaborate and fantastic story , is known as the best of his final romances .
b. The Tempest is a typical example of his Pessimistic view toward human life and society in his late years .
2. The romantic comedies : A . The theme : …takes an optimistic attitude toward love and youth , and
the romantic elements are brought into full play . The example : The important play among the comedies is the Merchant of
B. He has an amazing wealth of vocabulary and idiom . His influence on later writers is immeasurable . Almost all English writers after him have been influenced by him either in artistic point of view , in literary form or in language .
2. The realistic spirits
Along with the portrayal of the weakness or bias of the hero , we see the sharp conflicts between the individual and the evil force in the society , which shows that Shakespeare is a great realist in the true sense .
c. His life is one of constant role-playing , examining the nature of action only to deny its possibility .
d. By revealing the power-seeking , the jostling for place , shakespeare condemns the hypocrisy and treachery and general corruption at the royal court .
C. Shakespeare also portrays his characters in pairs . Contrasts are frequently used to bring vividness to his characters .
2. Construction :
A. Shakespeare's plays are well-known for their skillful plot construction . He borrows them from some old plays or storybooks , or from ancient Greek and Roman sources .
The analysis of Hamlet
a. Hamlet , the first of the great tragedies , is generally regarded as shakespeare's most popular play on the stage .
b. Hamlet has none of the single-minded blood lust of the earlier revengers . It is not because he is incapable of action , but because the cast of his mind is so speculative , so questioning , and so contemplative that action .
重点： 1. 莎士比亚各个时期的作品有何特点？ 2. 重要作品的主题。 3. 四大悲剧的共同特色。 4. 哈姆莱特人物分析。
John Milton
一. Works : Milton 's literary achievements can be divided into three
groups . 1. The early works : Milton appears as the inheritor of all that was best in
三. The greatest tragedies :
1. The common features :
Shakespeare 's greatest tragedies are : Hamlet , Othello , King Lear , and Macbeth . They have some characteristics in common . Each portrays some noble hero , who faces the injustic of human life and is caught in a difficult situation and whose fate is closely connected with the fate of the whole nation .
Venice . a. The traditional theme :
to praise the friendship between Antonio and Bassanio, to idealize Portia as a heroine of great beauty , wit and loyalty , and to expose the insatiable greed and brutality of the Jew .
B. The humanistic spirits
a. Working through the tradition of a Christian humanism , Milton wrote Paradise Lost intending to expose the way of Satan and to "justify the ways of God to man . "
Lost , Paradise regained and Samson Agonistes .
二. The masterpieces :
1. paradise Lost :
A. The theme and structure :
Paradise Lost is a long epic divided into 12 books .The theme is the "Fall of Man ".
b. The modern theme : to regard the play as a satire of the Christian's hypocrisy and
their false standards of friendship and love , their cunning ways of pursuing worldiness and their unreasoning prejudice against Jews .
Elizabethan literature. Lycidas is a typical example . 2. The middle works : His powerful pamphlets written during this period make
him the greatest prose writer of his age . 3. The last great poems : Milton wrote his three major poetical works : Paradise
3. The tragedies :
A . The theme :
The play, though a tragedy, is permeated with optimistic spirit .
B. The example :
The successful romantic tragedy is Romeo and Juliet, which praises the faithfulness of love and the spirit of pursuing happiness .
第四讲
William Shakespeare
一. The dramatic career : (4 periods ) 1. Apprenticeship period 2. High individualized period 3. Greatest stragedies and dark
comedies period . 4. Romantic tragicomedies period .