VMware vSphere 管理员手册-运维人员

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VMwarevSphere管理员手册运维人员

虚拟化平台管理员手册目录1.概述1.1目标读者1.2VMware vSphere 组件2.vSphere 平台管理环境配置2.1vSphere 平台配置信息2.2VMFS配置信息3.ESX配置管理3.1ESXI主机配置管理3.1.1用vSphere Client 登录到ESXI主机3.1.2查看处理器信息3.1.3添加存储3.1.4配置网络3.2许可证管理3.2.1添加许可证/更换到VMware Center3.2.2为 ESXI主机分配许可证密钥3.3配置/更改ESXI主机为NTP客户端3.3.1DNS和路由配置3.3.2配置管理验证服务3.4集群配置管理3.5网络配置管理3.5.1网络配置3.5.2添加虚拟交换机3.5.3添加端口组3.5.4添加上行链路适配器3.5.5更改 vSwitch 的端口数3.5.6编辑虚拟交换机的安全策略3.5.7编辑虚拟交换机的故障切换和负载平衡策略3.5.8编辑Management Network的故障切换和负载平衡策略3.5.9更改上行链路适配器的速度3.6存储配置管理3.6.1光纤通道存储器3.6.2存储刷新和重新扫描操作3.6.3重新扫描存储适配器3.6.4创建 VMFS 数据存储3.7ESXI主机管理3.7.1增加ESXI主机3.7.2删除ESXI主机3.7.3关闭ESXI主机3.8虚拟机管理3.8.1虚拟机转换成模板3.8.2从模板部署虚拟机3.8.3创建虚拟机3.8.4删除虚拟机3.9启动虚拟机3.9.1启动虚拟机（非管理员用户）3.9.2启动虚拟机（管理员）3.10运维管理3.10.1创建警报3.10.2创建角色3.10.3增加权限3.11监控管理3.11.1监控vCenter3.11.2监控ESX/ESXi 主机3.11.3性能管理3.11.4监控存储概述主要描述了虚拟化项目安装实施完成后，何管理整个VMware平台。

介绍了如何通过VMware vClient登陆VMware vCenter Server集中管理vSphere平台。

vsphere简要维护手册

虚拟光驱支持本地或服务器的光驱映射，本地和存储上的 iso 镜像。为了加快虚拟机安装速度，减少网络带宽占用，建议使用存储上保存的 iso 镜像安装系统
光驱设置完成后请勾选启动时连接
正常引导虚拟机启动后，开始安装虚拟机操作系统（此处步骤请参考标准的操作系统安装过程）安装过程中如果想释放鼠标，请同时点击 Ctrl 和 Alt 按钮。
九、创建警报
在右侧标签栏中选择警报标签，可以查看到当前已经设置好的警报，右键可以新建警报
什么是警报?
警报是为了响应清单中的对象所发生的事件或情况而生成的通知。
很多清单对象都有默认警报。

主机和虚拟机有很多默认警报
默认警报（部分列表）
您可以为各种清单对象创建自定义警报。

虚拟机、主机、集群、数据中心、数据存储、网络、分布式交换机和分布式端口组
此处选择同意许可协议下一步继续
选择需要使用的数据库，如果希望使用现有的数据库，请提前在 ODBC 中创建数据源。（数据源的创建可以参考 vcenter 安装配置手册）此处我们以自带数据库为例
根据使用环境选择数据库占用的空间。
经过大约 1 小时的安装过程，vcenter 服务就安装完毕，重新启动系统后即可使用。
接下来请选择转换过来的虚拟机的名称和存放位置。打开目标信息界面后，请根据我们虚拟化环境要求，可以对磁盘空间，网络，CPU，内存等进行配置。
在高级选项中可以设置虚拟机创建后自动安装 vmware tools 工具。
开始转换后，根据数据量和 I/O 情况，请等待 1~3 小时。转换完毕后请为虚拟机重新配置 IP 地址（转换完成后的系统 IP 为自动获取）
下列对象均支持警报：
虚拟机

vShere管理员手册

V M w a r e v S p h e r e管理员手册VMware目录一、概述主要描述了虚拟化项目安装实施完成后，何管理整个VMware平台。

介绍了如何通过VMware vClient登陆VMware vCenter Server集中管理vSphere平台。

并提供了如何对ESXI主机进行网络、存储和HA群集配置管理进行详细描述。

目标读者本文档专供需要安装VMware vCenter Server和ESXI的管理员、用户使用。

本文档的目标读者为熟悉数据中心操作且具有丰富经验的Windows 或Linux 系统管理员。

VMware vSphere 组件每个VMwarevCenter Server系统管理多台ESXI主机。

可以在多个工作站上运行vSphere Client 和 vSphere Web Access。

VMware vSphere 的主要组件包括：1.VMwareESXI提供一个虚拟化层，该层可将物理主机的处理器、内存、存储器及网络资源抽象化为多台虚拟机。

2.VMwarevCenter ServerVMware vCenter Server是一种可充当网络上连接的ESX/ESXI主机的中心管理员的服务。

该服务指导虚拟机和主机上的操作。

VMware vCenter Server是 vCenter 的工作核心。

可以将多个vCenterServer 系统加入到链接模式组。

这样可允许您登录任何一个VMware vCenter Server实例，并且还可以查看和管理组中所有VMware vCenter Server 系统的清单。

VMware vCenter Server附加模块为VMware vCenter Server提供附加的功能和特征。

一般情况下，附加模块（有时也称为插件）为单独发布的模块，安装在VMware vCenter Server上，可以独立升级。

附加模块可以与VMware vCenter Server系统安装在同一台计算机上，也可以安装在不同计算机上。

VMware vSphere5管理手册

Vsphere5管理手册目录1.ESXI5和客户虚拟机安装过程 (1)1.1.ESX I安装过程 (1)1.2.ESX I初始配置过程 (9)1.3. V C LIENT安装过程 (13)1.4.安装G UEST操作系统 (18)1.4.1. 创建虚拟机(VM) (18)1.4.2. 安装操作系统 (27)1.4.3. 安装VMware Tools (29)2.VMWARE VCENTER安装过程 (29)2.1.准备V C ENTER安装环境 (29)2.2. V C ENTER安装 (30)2.3. V C ENTER中建立数据中心和集群 (39)2.4. V C ENTER中添加ESX I主机到集群 (45)3.VMWARE VSHERE5管理 (47)4.1克隆 (47)4.2克隆为模板 (51)4.3利用模板部署新的虚拟机 (56)4.4模板转换为虚拟机 (60)4.VMWARE VSHERE5维护 (63)4.1.查看ESX S ERVER信息 (63)4.1.1.查看ESX Server资源利用 (63)4.1.2. 查看ESX Server性能 (63)4.1.3. 查看ESX Server任务与事件 (64)4.1.4. 查看ESX Server映射关系 (64)4.1.5. 查看ESX Server硬件状态 (65)4.2.查看GUEST虚拟机信息 (65)4.2.1.查看虚拟机资源利用 (65)4.2.2. 查看虚拟机性能 (66)4.2.3. 虚拟机任务与事件 (66)4.2.4. 查看虚拟机的映射关系 (67)1.ESXi5和客户虚拟机安装过程1.1.ESXi安装过程vSphere5是VMware公司推出的一套服务器虚拟化解决方案，目前的最新版本为5.0。

vSphere5中的核心组件为VMware ESXi 5.0.0（取代原ESX），它是一款可以独立安装和运行在祼机上的系统，因此与他我们以往见过的VMware Workstation软件不同的是它不再依存于宿主操作系统之上。

vmware vSphere维护手册

维护手册目录1.安装ESXi 5.0 (5)1.1ESXi Server安装需求 (5)1.2ESXi Server系统安装 (6)1.3ESXi Server基础配置 (10)2.安装vCenter Server (16)2.1安装vCenter Server (16)2.2安装vSphere Client (24)3.添加主机 (28)4.添加文件 (35)5.启动并登录vSphere Client (37)6.安装客户端操作系统 (39)6.1.基础安装流程 (39)6.2.详细安装步骤 (40)6.3.VMware tools (54)6.4.挂载ISO文件 (55)7.模板的使用 (56)7.1.自定义规范 (56)7.2.从模板部署虚拟机 (64)8.管理虚拟机 (69)8.1.更改虚拟机电源状态 (69)8.2.使用挂起和恢复功能 (70)8.3.添加硬件和设备 (71)9.输入许可 (72)10.1.ESXi (72)10.2.vCenter Server (72)1.安装ESXi 5.01.1ESXi Server安装需求ESXi 硬件要求使用ESXi 要求具备特定硬件和系统资源。

64 位处理器n VMware ESXi 5.0 仅可在具有64 位x86 CPU 的服务器上安装和运行。

n 已知的64 位处理器：n 所有的AMD Opteron 都支持64 位。

n 所有的Intel Xeon 3000/3200、3100/3300、5100/5300、5200/5400、7100/7300 和7200/7400 都支持64位。

n 所有Intel Nehalem（还没有分配Xeon 品牌号）都支持64 位。

RAM至少2GB RAM要进行升级，需要3GB RAM（如果ESX 主机由vCenter Server 管理）。

网络适配器一个或多个网络适配器。

支持的网络适配器包括：n Broadcom NetXtreme 570x 千兆位控制器n Intel PRO 1000 适配器SCSI 适配器、光纤通道适配器或内部RAID 控制器下列一个或多个控制器（可以使用任何组合）：n 基本SCSI 控制器包括Adaptec Ultra-160 和Ultra-320、LSI Logic Fusion-MPT 以及大部分NCR/SymbiosSCSI 控制器。

VMware-vSphere日常操作手册簿

虚拟化操作手册2018年1月23日目录一、vsphere虚拟化管理 (3)1) 虚拟化组成及介绍 (3)2) ESXi (3)3) 登录vcenter (8)4) 新建虚拟机 (9)5) 虚拟机的开启、安装操作系统和关闭 (22)6) 安装VMTOOLS (26)7) 更改虚拟机CPU和内存配置 (27)8) 增加虚拟机硬盘 (31)9) 虚拟机增加网卡 (37)10) 新建portgroup (41)11) 虚拟机在ESXI主机间迁移 (44)12) 虚拟机在存储LUN间迁移 (47)13) 克隆虚拟机 (49)14) 倒换成模板 (52)15) 模板倒换成虚拟机 (55)16) 删除虚拟机 (58)17) 对ESXi的物理主机关机维护操作 (59)三、P2V转换 (61)1) 安装Converter Server (61)2) 登录Converter Server client (63)3) Linux P2V (63)4) Windows P2V (69)一、vsphere虚拟化管理1)虚拟化组成及介绍Vsphere 包括vcenter和ESXI主机组成.虚拟机运行在ESXI主机上。

ESXI系统安装在物理服务器上。

Venter是虚拟化的管理平台，它安装在一台虚拟机上。

2)ESXi连接服务器，或者从HP服务器的iLo管理界面中，登录ESXi界面。

如果不是hp服务器可以用管理界面进行管理。

或者直接到机房的物理服务器前进行如下操作按F2，登录。

常用的操作就两块，网络和troubleshooting。

其中troubleshooting中的restart management agents选项，用在vcenter无法管理ESXi主机时。

而网络这块，可以进行以下配置。

更改管理网络使用的物理网卡。

更改管理IP地址。

更改DNS信息：使用vsphere client也可以直接登录，进行基础的操作，如新建虚拟机等。

VMware vSphere 配置管理指导手册

目录(Table of Contents)1概述 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 1.1主要概念介绍 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 2创建虚拟机 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 2.1安装vSphere Client ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 3 2.2通过网络引导方式安装虚拟机 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 3 2.3通过本地ISO镜像文件方式安装虚拟机--------------------------------------------------------------- 17 3配置主机/虚拟机参数 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 19 3.1配置用户密码 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 19 3.2配置IP地址 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 20 3.3配置处理器 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 21 3.4配置内存 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 22 3.5配置存储器 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 233.5.1创建VMFS数据存储 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 233.5.2基于网络文件系统创建数据存储 ------------------------------------------------------------------ 25 3.6配置网络 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 273.6.1配置vSphere标准交换机和端口组 ---------------------------------------------------------------- 27 3.7系统时间配置 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 31 3.8许可证配置 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 32 3.9虚拟机属性配置 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 33 4删除/移除虚拟机 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 364.1从清单中移除 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36 4.2从磁盘删除 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 36 5OVF模板 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 375.1OVF模板功能 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 375.1.1将虚拟机导出为OVF模板 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 375.1.2通过OVF模板部署虚拟机 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38 6vCenter管理------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 426.1vCenter Server的安装 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 436.1.1下载vCenter Server应用程序 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 43 6.2ESXi主机管理----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 476.2.1创建数据中心 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 476.2.2添加主机 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 47 6.3模板使用 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 516.3.1将虚拟机克隆为模板 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 516.3.2将现有模板克隆为模板 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 516.3.3将虚拟机转换为模板 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 516.3.4将模板转换成虚拟机 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 526.3.5从模板部署虚拟机 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 52 6.4虚拟机克隆 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 526.5虚拟机迁移 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 536.5.1冷迁移 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 536.5.2通过vMotion迁移虚拟机----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 566.5.3通过Storage vMotion迁移--------------------------------------------------------------------------- 64 7vCenter Update Manager ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 667.1vCenter Update Manager 数据库--------------------------------------------------------------------- 667.2安装及配置 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 677.2.1vCenter Update Manager 安装 ------------------------------------------------------------------- 677.2.2对集群的修改 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 727.2.3Update Manager配置 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 73 7.3Update Manager 流程 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 767.3.1配置Update Manager下载源----------------------------------------------------------------------- 777.3.2下载更新和相关元数据 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 777.3.3导入ESXi映像------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 787.3.4创建基准和基准组 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 807.3.5将基准和基准组附加到vSphere对象 ------------------------------------------------------------- 897.3.6扫描选定vSphere对象 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 907.3.7查看扫描结果 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 917.3.8转储主机修补程序和扩展 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 917.3.9修复选定vSphere对象 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 93 8附件 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 97 9参考文献 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 98概述虚拟机（Virtual Machine）是指通过软件模拟的具有完整硬件系统功能的、运行在一个完全隔离环境中的完整计算机系统。

VMWare vSAN运维管理指南

VMware vSAN运维管理指南VMware vSphere 7.0VMware vSAN 7.0目录关于管理 VMware vSAN61vSAN简介72配置和管理 vSAN 群集8使用 vSphere Client 配置 vSAN 群集8在现有群集上启用 vSAN10禁用 vSAN11编辑 vSAN 设置11查看 vSAN数据存储12将文件或文件夹上载到 vSAN 数据存储13从 vSAN 数据存储下载文件和文件夹143使用 vSAN 策略15关于 vSAN 策略15查看 vSAN 存储提供程序18关于 vSAN 默认存储策略19更改 vSAN 数据存储的默认存储策略20使用 vSphere Client 定义 vSAN 的存储策略214扩展和管理 vSAN 群集23扩展 vSAN 群集23扩展 vSAN 群集容量和性能24使用快速入门功能将主机添加到 vSAN 群集24将主机添加到 vSAN 群集25使用主机配置文件配置主机26使用维护模式27检查成员的数据迁移功能29将 vSAN 群集的成员置于维护模式30管理 vSAN 群集中的故障域31在 vSAN 群集中创建新的故障域31将主机移至选定的故障域32将主机移出故障域32重命名故障域33移除选定的故障域33使用 vSANiSCSI 目标服务34启用 iSCSI 目标服务34创建 iSCSI 目标35向 iSCSI 目标添加 LUN35调整 iSCSI 目标上的 LUN 的大小36创建 iSCSI 启动器组36向 iSCSI 启动器组分配目标37监控 vSAN iSCSI 目标服务37将混合 vSAN 群集迁移到全闪存群集38关闭 vSAN 群集的电源38vSAN 文件服务39配置文件服务40创建文件共享43查看文件共享44访问文件共享44编辑文件共享44删除文件共享45升级文件服务45监控性能45监控容量46监控运行状况465vSAN 群集中的设备管理48管理磁盘组和设备48在 vSAN 主机上创建磁盘组49为 vSAN 群集声明存储设备49使用单独的设备50将设备添加到磁盘组51从 vSAN 移除磁盘组或设备51重新创建磁盘组52使用定位符 LED52将设备标记为闪存53将设备标记为 HDD54将设备标记为本地54将设备标记为远程55添加容量设备55从设备移除分区566提高 vSAN 群集中的空间效率57 vSAN 空间效率简介57使用 SCSI UNMAP 回收空间57使用去重和压缩58去重和压缩设计注意事项59在新 vSAN 群集中启用去重和压缩59在现有 vSAN 群集中启用去重和压缩60禁用去重和压缩60减少 vSAN 群集的虚拟机冗余61在启用去重和压缩的情况下添加或移除磁盘61使用 RAID 5 或 RAID 6 删除编码62RAID 5 或 RAID 6 设计注意事项627在 vSAN群集上使用加密63vSAN加密的工作原理63vSAN 加密的设计注意事项64设置标准密钥提供程序64将 KMS 添加到 vCenter Server64设置默认密钥提供程序68完成标准密钥提供程序的信任设置69在新的 vSAN 群集上启用加密69生成新的加密密钥70在现有 vSAN 群集上启用 vSAN 加密71vSAN 加密和核心转储72收集加密 vSAN 群集中 ESXi 主机的 vm-support 软件包72解密或重新加密已加密核心转储738升级 vSAN群集75升级 vSAN 之前75升级 vCenter Server。

vSphere管理员手册模板

vSphere管理员手册模板vSphere管理员手册模板资料内容仅供您学习参考，如有不X或者佞权.请联系改正或者删除。

VMwarevSphere管理员手册VMware2资料内容仅供您学习参考，如有不出或者侵权.请联系改正或者删除。

目录—、概述............................................ 错误!未定义书签。

1.1目标读者........................................ 错误!未定义书签。

1.2VMware vSphere组彳牛.......................... 错误!未定义书签。

二、ESXi配置管理 .................................. 错误!未定义书签。

2.1 ESXI主机酉己置管理.............................. 错误!未定义书签。

2.1.1用vSphere Client登录到ESXI主机................ 错误!未定义书签.2.1.2查看处理器信息................................. 错误!未定义书签.2.1.3添力0存储..................................... 错误!未定义书签.2.1.4配置网络....................................... 错误!未定义书签.2.2许可证管理....................................... 错误!未定义书签。

2.2.1添加许可证/更换到VMware Center .............................. 错误!未定义书签.2.2.2为ESXI主机分配许可证密钥...................... 错误!未定义书签.2.3配置/更改ESXI主机为NTP客户端.................. 错误味定义书签。

VMware日常运维操作手册

VMware日常运维操作手册目录1.管理平台登录 (2)2.创建虚拟机 (3)2.1.通过ISO文件新建虚拟机 (3)2.2.通过模板新建虚拟机 (6)3.创建系统模板 (7)4.管理虚拟机 (8)5.快照备份 (10)5.1.创建快照 (10)5.2.恢复快照 (11)6.虚拟机迁移 (12)7.安装vmtools软件 (13)7.1.挂载安装包 (13)7.2.Windows客户端安装 (14)7.3.Linux系统客户端 (15)1.管理平台登录浏览器登录管理平台https://20.194.17.240输入用户名和密码2.创建虚拟机2.1.通过ISO文件新建虚拟机点击存储，上传要安装的操作系统ISO文件到共享存储，存放在ISO文件夹点击主机，新建虚拟机选择安装系统的硬件资源信息选择数据存储ISO文件，找到共享的ISO存储目录，并关联你所要安装的系统文件，点击连接点击已创建好的虚拟机，开启电源进行系统安装2.2.通过模板新建虚拟机点击新建虚拟机选择从模板部署选择已创建的系统模板，按照创建新虚拟机步骤进行即可3.创建系统模板点击已创建好的系统，点击选择模板，选择转换成模板点击，确定即可4.管理虚拟机选择虚拟机，点击“摘要”可查看虚拟机的具体情况信息，点击web控制台，可远程查看和登录虚拟机系统点击“编辑设置”可设置和更改系统的配置信息，例如，添加网卡和添加硬盘空间等操作，部分配置需要关闭系统重启动才可更改成功。

5.快照备份5.1.创建快照快照可用于测试环境中作为备份虚拟机的功能，点击快照，生成快照输入快照名称，点击“确定”5.2.恢复快照恢复快照可恢复创建快照时候的系统状态，选择后系统会恢复快照时的状态点击管理快照，可选择要恢复的系统状态时间名称和节点，选择恢复为最新快照可恢复最近创建的快照状态点击要恢复的快照，点击“恢复为”6.虚拟机迁移迁移虚拟机可选择更改虚拟机存在那个服务器和数据存储7.安装vmtools软件7.1.挂载安装包VMware Tools是一套可以提高虚拟机客户机操作系统性能并改善虚拟机管理的实用工具。

vSphere Data Protection (VDP) 管理员手册

vSphere Data Protection AdministrationGuidevSphere Data Protection 5.1This document supports the version of each product listed andsupports all subsequent versions until the document is replacedby a new edition. To check for more recent editions of thisdocument, see /support/pubs.EN-000846-00vSphere Data Protection Administration GuideYou can find the most up-to-date technical documentation on the VMware Web site at:/support/The VMware Web site also provides the latest product updates.If you have comments about this documentation, submit your feedback to:docfeedback@Copyright © 2012 VMware, Inc. All rights reserved. This product is protected by U.S. and international copyright and intellectual property laws. VMware products are covered by one or more patents listed at/go/patents.VMware is a registered trademark or trademark of VMware,Inc. in the United States and/or other jurisdictions. All other marks and names mentioned herein may be trademarks of their respective companies.VMware,Inc.3401 Hillview Ave.Palo Alto, CA 94304Contents1Understanding vSphere Data Protection7Introduction to vSphere Data Protection8Image-level Backup and Restore8File Level Recovery9Deduplication Store Benefits9Variable vs. Fixed-Length Data Segments9Logical Segment Determination9vSphere Data Protection Architecture102Installing and Configuring vSphere Data Protection11 vSphere Data Protection Sizing12Software Requirements12System Requirements13vSphere Data Protection Specifications13Preinstallation Configuration13DNS Configuration13NTP Configuration14User Account Configuration14Deploy the OVF Template14Prerequisites14Procedure15vSphere Data Protection Installation and Configuration15Prerequisites15Procedure15Post-Installation Configuration17Status Tab17Configuration Tab19Rollback Tab20Upgrade Tab20Using VDP-Configure20Upgrading the vSphere Data Protection Appliance21Creating a Snapshot of the vSphere Data Protection Appliance21Installing the Upgrade22Removing the Snapshot223Using vSphere Data Protection25Understanding the vSphere Data Protection User Interface26Getting Started Tab27Backup Tab27Restore Tab29Reports Tab30Configuration Tab30Accessing vSphere Data Protection31Switching vSphere Data Protection Appliances31vSphere Data Protection Administration GuideCreating Backup Jobs31Virtual Machines31Schedule31Retention Policy32Ready to Complete32Use the Backup Job Wizard32Backup Now33Restoring Virtual Machines33Select Backup33Set Restore Options33Restore Virtual Machines from Backup34Viewing Restore Job Progress34Locking a Backup Job34Viewing Reports35Filtering in Reports Tab35Managing Configuration36View and Edit Backup Appliance Details36Backup Window Configuration37Change Maintenance Window Settings38Manually Run an Integrity Check39Configuring Email Notification39Using Checkpoints and Rollback42Using File Level Recovery43File Level Recovery Supported Configurations:43File Level Recovery Limitations43Logon Options44Use the Restore Client in Basic Login Mode44Use the Restore Client in Advanced Login Mode45vSphere Data Protection Shutdown and Startup Procedures46 4vSphere Data Protection Capacity Management47Impact of Selecting Thin or Thick Provisioned Disks47Prerequisites47Procedure47Impact of Storage Capacity for Initial vSphere Data Protection Deployment48Monitoring vSphere Data Protection Capacity48vSphere Data Protection Capacity Thresholds48Capacity Management495vSphere Data Protection Troubleshooting51vSphere Data Protection Appliance Installation52vSphere Data Protection Backups52vSphere Data Protection Restores53File Level Recovery54vSphere Data Protection Reporting546vSphere Data Protection Port Usage557vSphere Data Protection Disaster Recovery578Minimum Required vCenter User Account Permissions59 Index61About This BookThe vSphere Data Protection Administration Guide contains information to install and manage backups for small and medium businesses.Intended AudienceThis book is for anyone who wants to provide backup solutions using vSphere Data Protection. Theinformation in this book is for experienced Windows or Linux system administrators who are familiar with virtual machine technology and datacenter operations.VMware Technical Publications GlossaryVMware Technical Publications provides a glossary of terms that might be unfamiliar to you. For definitions of terms as they are used in VMware technical documentation, go to /support/pubs. Document FeedbackVMware welcomes your suggestions for improving our documentation. Send your feedback todocfeedback@.Technical Support and Education ResourcesThe following sections describe the technical support resources available to you. To access the current versions of other VMware books, go to /support/pubs.Online SupportTo use online support to submit technical support requests, view your product and contract information, and register your products, go to http://www.vmware/support/phone_support.html.Support OfferingsTo find out how VMware support offerings can help meet your business needs, go to/support/services.VMware Professional ServicesVMware Education Services courses offer extensive hands-on labs, case study examples, and course materials designed to be used as on-the-job reference tools. Courses are available onsite, in the classroom, and liveonline. For onsite pilot programs and implementation best practices, VMware Consulting Services provides offerings to help you assess, plan, build, and manage your virtual environment. To access information about education classes, certification programs, and consulting services, go to /services.vSphere Data Protection Adminisration GuideUnderstanding vSphere Data Protection1 vSphere Data Protection (VDP) is a robust, simple-to-deploy, disk-based backup and recovery solution.vSphere Data Protection is fully integrated with VMware vCenter Server and enables centralized and efficient management of backup jobs while storing backups in deduplicated destination storage.The benefits of vSphere Data Protection are:⏹Provides fast and efficient data protection for all of your virtual machines, even those powered off ormoved between physical hosts.⏹Significantly reduces disk space consumed by backup data using smart deduplication across all backups.⏹Reduces the cost of backing up virtual machines and minimizes the backup window using change blocktracking and VMware virtual machine snapshots.⏹Allows for easy backups without the need for third-party agents installed in each virtual machine.⏹Uses a simple straight-forward installation as an integrated component within vSphere, that can bemanaged by a web portal.⏹Direct access to vSphere Data Protection configuration integrated into the standard vSphere Web Client.⏹Protects backups with checkpoint and rollback mechanisms.⏹Provides simplified recovery of Windows and Linux files with end-user initiated file level recoveries froma web-based interface.This chapter includes the following topics:⏹“Introduction to vSphere Data Protection” on page8⏹“Image-level Backup and Restore” on page8⏹“File Level Recovery” on page9⏹“Deduplication Store Benefits” on page9⏹“vSphere Data Protection Architecture” on page10vSphere Data Protection Administration GuideIntroduction to vSphere Data ProtectionThe VMware vSphere Web Client interface is used to select, schedule, configure, and manage backups and recoveries of virtual machines.During a backup, vSphere Data Protection creates a quiesced snapshot of the virtual machine. Deduplication is automatically performed with every backup operation.The following terms are used throughout this document in the context of backup and recovery.⏹ A datastore is a virtual representation of a combination of underlying physical storage resources in thedatacenter. A datastore is the storage location (for example, a physical disk, a RAID, or a SAN) for virtualmachine files.⏹Changed Block Tracking (CBT) is a VMkernel feature that keeps track of the storage blocks of virtualmachines as they change over time. The VMkernel keeps track of block changes on virtual machines,which enhances the backup process for applications that have been developed to take advantage ofVMware’s vStorage APIs.⏹VMware vStorage APIs for Data Protection (V ADP) enables backup software to perform centralized VMbackups without the disruption and overhead of running backup tasks from inside each virtual machine.⏹Virtual Machine Disk (VMDK) is a file or set of files that appears as a physical disk drive to a guestoperating system. These files can be on the host machine or on a remote file system.⏹The vSphere Data Protection appliance is a purpose built virtual appliance for vSphere data protection. Image-level Backup and RestorevSphere Data Protection creates image-level backups, which are integrated with vStorage API for DataProtection, a feature set within vSphere to offload the backup processing overhead from the VM to the vSphere Data Protection appliance. The appliance communicates with the vCenter Server to make a snapshot of a VM’s VMDK. Deduplication takes place within the appliance using a patented variable-length deduplicationtechnology.To support the large scale and continually expanding size of many VMware environments, each vSphere Data Protection appliance can simultaneously backup to eight virtual machines to enhance the data protectionworkload capacity.To increase the efficiency of image-level backups, vSphere Data Protection utilizes VADPs Changed Block Tracking (CBT) feature. CBT is a VMware feature that enables vSphere Data Protection to only backup disk blocks that have changed since the last backup. This greatly reduces the backup time of a given VM image and provides the ability to process a large number of VMs within a particular backup window.By leveraging CBT during restores, vSphere Data Protection offers fast and efficient recoveries whenrecovering VMs to their original location. During a restore process, vSphere Data Protection queries VADP to determine which blocks have changed since the last backup, and then only recovers or replaces those blocks during a recovery. This reduces data transfer within the vSphere environment during a recovery operation and more importantly reduces the recovery time objective (RTO).Additionally, vSphere Data Protection automatically evaluates the workload between both restore methods (full image restore or a recovery leveraging CBT) and performs the method resulting in the fastest restoretimes. This is useful in scenarios where the change rate since the last backup in a VM being restored is very high and the overhead of a CBT analysis operation would be more costly than a direct full image recovery.vSphere Data Protection will intelligently decide which deployment method will result in the fastest VMimage recovery times for your particular scenario or environment.The advantages of VMware image backups are:⏹Provides full image backups of VMs, regardless of the guest operating system⏹Utilizes the efficient transport method SCSI hotadd when available and properly licensed, which avoidscopying the entire VMDK image over the networkChapter 1Understanding vSphere Data Protection⏹Provides file-level recovery from image-level backups⏹Deduplicates within and across all .vmdk files protected by the vSphere Data Protection appliance⏹Uses changed block tracking for faster backups and restores⏹Minimizes network traffic by deduplicating and compressing data⏹Eliminates the need to manage backup agents in each VM⏹Supports simultaneous backup and recovery for superior throughputI MPORTANT The best practice for VM image backups is to install VMware Tools on each virtual machine.VMware Tools adds additional backup capability that quiesces certain processes on the guest OS prior tobackup.File Level RecoveryFile Level Recovery (FLR) allows local administrators of protected VMs to browse and mount backups for the local machine. From these mounted backups the administrator can then restore individual files. File levelrecovery is accomplished using the vSphere Data Protection restore client.Deduplication Store BenefitsEnterprise data is highly redundant, with identical files or data stored within and across systems (for example, OS files or documents sent to multiple recipients). Edited files also have tremendous redundancy withprevious versions. Traditional backup methods magnify this by storing all of the redundant data over and over again. vSphere Data Protection uses patented deduplication technology to eliminate redundancy at both the file and the subfile data segment level.Variable vs. Fixed-Length Data SegmentsA key factor in eliminating redundant data at a segment (or subfile) level is the method for determiningsegment size. Fixed-block or fixed-length segments are commonly employed by snapshot and somededuplication technologies. Unfortunately, even small changes to a dataset (for example, inserting data at the beginning of a file) can change all fixed-length segments in a dataset, despite the fact that very little of thedataset has been changed. vSphere Data Protection uses an intelligent variable-length method for determining segment size that examines the data to determine logical boundary points, eliminating the inefficiency.Logical Segment DeterminationvSphere Data Protection uses a patented method for segment size determination designed to yield optimal efficiency across all systems. vSphere Data Protection’s algorithm analyzes the binary structure of a data set (all the 0s and 1s that make up a dataset) in order to determine segment boundaries that arecontext-dependent. Variable-length segments average 24 KB in size and are compressed to an average of 12 KB.By analyzing the binary structure within the VMDK files, vSphere Data Protection works for all file types and sizes and intelligently deduplicates the data.vSphere Data Protection Administration GuidevSphere Data Protection ArchitecturevSphere Data Protection (VDP) uses a vSphere Web Client and a vSphere Data Protection appliance to store backups to deduplicated storage.vSphere Data Protection is composed of a set of components that run on different machines (shown in the following diagram).⏹vSphere 5.1⏹vSphere Data Protection appliance (installed on ESX/ESXi 4.x or 5.x)⏹vSphere Web Client.Installing and Configuring vSphere Data Protection2 This chapter includes the following topics:⏹“vSphere Data Protection Sizing” on page12⏹“Software Requirements” on page12⏹“System Requirements” on page13⏹“Preinstallation Configuration” on page13⏹“Deploy the OVF Template” on page14⏹“vSphere Data Protection Installation and Configuration” on page15⏹“Post-Installation Configuration” on page17vSphere Data Protection Administration GuidevSphere Data Protection SizingvSphere Data Protection sizing helps determine the vSphere Data Protection appliance size and number of appliances required based on:⏹Number of and type of VMs (do the VM contain file system or database data?)⏹Amount of data⏹Retention periods (daily, weekly, monthly, yearly)⏹Typical change rateThe following table shows examples for vSphere Data Protection sizing recommendations:The recommendations above (note these are only guidelines) are based on the following assumptions:⏹The VMs primarily contain file system data. If the VMs primarily contain database data, the deduplication rates will be lower.⏹70% initial deduplication rate for file system data.⏹99.7% daily deduplication rate for file system data.⏹The annual growth rate is 5%.I MPORTANT If you are unsure of the size of the appliance to deploy, it is better to use a larger vSphere Data Protection datastore. Once a appliance has been deployed, the size of the datastore cannot change.Software RequirementsvSphere Data Protection 5.1 requires the following software:⏹VMware vCenter Server⏹vCenter Server Linux or Windows: Version 5.1⏹vSphere Web Client is supported on Microsoft Internet Explorer 7 and 8 or Mozilla Firefox 3.6 or higher.⏹Web browsers need to be enabled with Adobe Flash Player 11.3 or higher to access the vSphere Web Client or vSphere Data Protection functionalityTable 2-1. Sample recommendations for vSphere Data Protection sizing# of VMs Data storage per clientRetention: daily Retention: weekly Retention: monthly Retention: yearly Recommendation2520 GB300001- 0.5 TB2520 GB 3041271- 2 TB 2540 GB3041272- 2 TB5020 GB300001- 1 TB5020 GB 3041272- 2 TB 5040 GB3041273- 2 TB10020 GB 300001- 2 TB10020 GB 3041273- 2 TB 10040 GB3041276- 2 TBChapter 2Installing and Configuring vSphere Data Protection⏹VMware ESX/ESXi (the following versions are supported)⏹ESX/ESXi 4.0, ESX/ESXi 4.1,ESXi 5.0, ESXi 5.1⏹Appliance version:⏹vSphere Data Protection: 5.1System RequirementsThe vSphere Data Protection appliance is available in three options:⏹0.5 TB ⏹ 1 TB ⏹2 TBI MPORTANT Once vSphere Data Protection is deployed the size cannot be changed.The system requirements for each option of vSphere Data Protection are specified in the following table.N OTE The additional disk space required that is above the usable capacity of the appliance is for creating and managing checkpoints.vSphere Data Protection SpecificationsvSphere Data Protection supports the following specifications:⏹Each vSphere Data Protection appliance supports backup for up to 100 VMs ⏹Each vCenter Server can support up to 10 vSphere Data Protection appliances ⏹Support for 0.5 TB, 1 TB, or 2 TB of deduplication storagePreinstallation ConfigurationPrior to vSphere Data Protection installation, DNS and NTP need to be configured.DNS ConfigurationBefore you deploy vSphere Data Protection, an entry needs to be added to the DNS Server for the appliance IP address and FQDN. This DNS Server must support forward and reverse lookup.I MPORTANT Failure to have DNS set up properly can cause many runtime or configuration issues.To confirm that DNS is configured properly: 1Open a command prompt and type the following command:nslookup <VDP_IP_address > <DNS_IP_address >The nslookup command will return the FQDN of the vSphere Data Protection appliance.0.5 TB1 TB2 TBProcessors dedicated to vSphere Data ProtectionMinimum four 2 GHz processors available to vSphere DataProtection at all times Minimum four 2 GHz processors available to vSphere DataProtection at all times Minimum four 2 GHz processors available to vSphere DataProtection at all times Physical memory dedicated to vSphere Data Protection 4 GB4 GB4 GBDisk space850 GB1,600 GB 3,100 GB Network connection1 GbE connection1 GbE connection1 GbE connectionvSphere Data Protection Administration Guide2Type the following command:nslookup <FQDN_of_VDP> <DNS_IP_address>The nslookup command will return the IP address of the vSphere Data Protection appliance.3If the nslookup commands returned the proper information, close the command prompt, if not resolve the DNS configuration prior to vSphere Data Protection installation.NTP ConfigurationvSphere Data Protection uses Network Time Protocol (NTP). Before you install vSphere Data Protection, NTP needs to be configured on the vCenter Server and the ESXi host that vSphere Data Protection will be installed on.See the ESXi and vCenter Server documentation for more information about configuring NTP.User Account ConfigurationBefore the vCenter user account can be used with vSphere Data Protection, or before the SSO admin user can be used with vSphere Data Protection, these users should be specifically added as administrator on thevCenter root node. The following steps are used to configure the vSphere Data Protection user or SSO admin user using the vSphere Client.1Login to the vSphere Web Client and select vCenter > Hosts and Clusters.2On the left pane, click on the vCenter Server.3Click the Manage tab and then the Permissions sub-tab.4Click the Add permission icon.5Click Add.6From the Domain drop-down select domain, server, or SYSTEM-DOMAIN.7Select the user that will administer vSphere Data Protection or be the SSO admin user and then click Add.8Click OK9From the Assigned Role drop down select Administrator.10Confirm that the Propagate to child objects box is checked.11Click OK.To Verify that user is listed under Administrators, go to Home > Administration > Role Manager and click the Administrator role. The user you just added should be listed to the right of that role.I MPORTANT If the vSphere Data Protection backup user using the VDP-configure UI belongs to a domainaccount then it should be used in the format “SYSTEM-DOMAIN\admin” format in VDP-configure. If the user name is entered in the format “admin@SYSTEM-DOMAIN” format then tasks related to backup job may not show up on the Recent Running tasks.Deploy the OVF TemplatePrerequisites⏹The vSphere Data Protection appliance is installed on an ESXi 4.0, 4.1, 5.0, or 5.1 host.⏹vCenter 5.1 is required. Login to vCenter from a vSphere Web Client to deploy the OVF template.⏹The vSphere Data Protection appliance connects to ESXi using port 902. If there is a firewall between theappliance and ESXi, port 902 must be open.⏹The VMware Client Integration Plug-in 5.1.0 needs to be installed in your browser.Chapter 2Installing and Configuring vSphere Data ProtectionProcedure1Log in to the vSphere Web Client and select vCenter > Datacenters.2On the Objects tab, click Actions > Deploy OVF Template.3Select the source where the vSphere Data Protection appliance is located.4By default the select source dialog is set to OVF Packages. Change it to OV A Packages.5Select the appliance and click Open.6After the appliance .ova file is selected, click Next.7Review the template details and click Next.8On the Accept EULAs screen, read the license agreement, click Accept, and then click Next.9On the Select name and folder screen, enter the name for the appliance and click on folder or datacenter you want it deployed in. Click Next.10Select the host for the appliance and click Next.11Select the virtual disk format (“Impact of Selecting Thin or Thick Provisioned Disks” on page47 provides additional information) and the location of the storage for the appliance. Click Next.12Select the Destination Network for the appliance and click Next.13In the Customize template, specify the Default Gateway, DNS, Network 1 IP Address, and Network 1 Netmask. Confirm that the IP addresses are correct. Setting incorrect IP addresses in this dialog box willrequire the .ova to be redeployed.Click Next.N OTE The vSphere Data Protection appliance does not support DHCP. The appliance requires a static IPaddress.14On the Ready to complete screen, confirm that all of the deployment options are correct and click Finish.vCenter deploys the vSphere Data Protection appliance. Monitor Recent Tasks to determine when thedeployment is complete.vSphere Data Protection Installation and ConfigurationPrerequisitesThe vSphere Data Protection .ovf template (see “Deploy the OVF Template” on page14) must have deployed successfully, and you must be logged into the vCenter Server from the vSphere Web Client.Procedure1Select vCenter Home > vCenter > VMs and Templates. Expand the vCenter tree and select the vSphere Data Protection appliance. Right-click the appliance and select Power On.2Right-click the appliance and select Open Console.3After the installation files load, the Welcome screen for the vSphere Data Protection menu appears. Opena web browser and type:https://<ip address of VDP appliance>:8543/vdp-configure/4From the VMware Login screen, enter the following:a User: rootb Password: changemec Click Login5The Welcome screen appears. Click Next.vSphere Data Protection Administration Guide6The Network settings dialog box appears. Specify (or confirm) the following:a IPv4 Static addressb Netmaskc Gatewayd Primary DNSe Secondary DNSf Host nameg Domain7Click Next.8The Time Zone dialog box appears. Select the appropriate time zone and click Next.9The vSphere Data Protection credentials dialog box appears. For vSphere Data Protection credentials type in the appliance password. This will be the universal configuration password. Specify a password thatcontains the following:⏹Nine characters⏹At least one uppercase letter⏹At least one lowercase letter⏹At least one number⏹No special characters10Click Next.11The vCenter registration dialog box appears. Specify the following:a vCenter user name (If the user belongs to a domain account then it should be entered in the format“SYSTEM-DOMAIN\admin”.)b vCenter passwordc vCenter host name (IP address or FQDN)d vCenter porte SSO host name (IP address or FQDN)f SSO port12Click Test connection.A Connection success message will appear. If this message does not appear, troubleshoot your settingsand repeat this step until a successful message appears.If you receive the message “Specified user either is not a dedicated VDP user or does not have sufficientvCenter privileges to administer VDP. Please update your user role and try again,” go to “User AccountConfiguration” on page14 for instructions on how to update the user role.13Click OK.14Click Next.15The Ready to Complete page appears. Click Finish.16 A message appears that configuration is complete. Click OK.Configuration of the vSphere Data Protection appliance is now complete, but you will need to return to the vSphere Web Client and reboot the appliance. Using the vSphere Web Client, right click on the appliance and select Restart Guest OS. In the Confirm Restart message, click Yes. The reboot can take up to 30 minutes.Chapter 2Installing and Configuring vSphere Data ProtectionPost-Installation ConfigurationDuring installation of vSphere Data Protection, when you first run the configuration utility, it runs in “install”mode. This mode allows you to enter initial networking settings, time zone, appliance password, and vCenter credentials. After initial installation, the VDP-configure utility runs in “maintenance” mode and displays a different user interface.To access VDP-configure, open a web browser and type:https://<ip address of VDP appliance>:8543/vdp-configure/The maintenance interface is used for:⏹Viewing Status—Allows you to see the services currently running (or currently stopped) on the appliance.⏹Starting and Stopping Services—Allows you to start and stop selected services on the appliance.⏹Collecting Logs—Allows you to download current logs from the appliance.⏹View or change vSphere Data Protection configuration—Allows you to view or change network settings,configure vCenter Registration, or to view or edit system settings (timezone information and vSphereData Protection credentials).⏹Rolling Back an Appliance—Allows you to restore your appliance to an earlier known and valid state. (see“Using Checkpoints and Rollback” on page42)⏹Upgrade—Allows you to upgrade ISO images on your vSphere Data Protection appliance.Status TabThe Status tab is used to view (and stop or start) vSphere Data Protection services.Managing Status OptionsThe left-hand screen of the Status tab shows the status of key services in the vSphere Data Protectionappliance. The status of the following services is displayed:Table2-2. Description of services running on the vSphere Data Protection applianceService DescriptionCore services These are the services that comprise the backup engine of the appliance. If theseservices are disabled no backup jobs--either scheduled or “on demand”--willrun, and no restore activities can be initiated.Management services Management services should only be stopped under the direction of technicalsupport.File system services These are the services that allow backups to be mounted for file-level recoveryoperations.File level restore services These are the services that support the management of file level recovery operations.。

虚拟智慧VmwareVsphere运维实录

虚拟智慧VmwareVsphere 运维实录使用OpenFiler 自制虚拟机环境的SAN 关键词：在上一章我们介绍了存储设备中最重要VG 原理与iSCSI 的架构，但在虚拟机环境正式使用之前，独立的存储设备是最基本的，然而大部分的公司也不太可能在评估设备之前就直接购买昂贵的SAN 设备。

OpenFiler 的出现解决了这个问题，让企业在真正采购SAN 或者是高价的HBA 之前，能使用iSCSI 来完成虚拟机存储设备这一部分，甚至能够将OpenFiler 用在生产环境，我们在这一章就来看看OpenFiler 完整的安装、配置及使用。

12.1 自制iSCSI 的SAN 存储设备——使用OpenFiler 大部分的存储设备上都有自己的系统来进行RAID 或者VG 的配置工作，这些存储设备使用的是厂商自己开发的专属系统。

随着PC 服务器的流行，许多厂商也开始开发通用的操作系统将整个PC 转变成存储设备，本小节要介绍的就是目前在虚拟机业界最好用的OpenFiler 。

● 自制iSCSI 的SAN 存储设备——使用OpenFiler ▪ OpenFiler 是一个免费的NAS/iSCSI 的SAN 服务器操作系统，提供LAN 主机的独立存储系统，使用iSCSITarget ▪ OpenFiler 目前最新的版本为2.3，在官方网站上提供了原始安装的ISO 档与已经安装完毕的虚拟机使用▪ 将OpenFiler 安装到实体机上就与安装任何一个Linux操作系统一样 ● 使用OpenFiler 基本功能 ▪ 熟悉基本操作，如开关机、配置密码及IP 、主机名等▪ 创建实体硬盘 ▪ 创建PV 的步骤 ▪ 创建VG 的步骤 ▪ 创建LUN 的步骤 ▪ 创建iSCSI 的对应▪ 使用XP 测试▲ 使用操作系统还能够安装不一致的分享方式，如NFS或者FTP 12.1.1 OpenFiler的简介▲在OpenFiler中最棒的功能当然是iSCSI Target Server 12.1.2 OpenFiler的下载及安装▲在此下载OpenFiler1. 安装VMware版本的OpenFiler将OpenFiler安装到VMware ESX Server或者Hyper-V下意义并不大，由于我们使用OpenFiler 的目的就是要给这些虚拟机产品使用。