当代物流学(第7讲)

Minimum travel Space utilization Ergonomics Energy Ecology Mechanization
5-16
Materials Handling Principles
Automation Flexibility Simplification Gravity Safety Computerization
and recycle it
5-6
Packaging
Protective functions of packaging
Enclose materials Restrain materials from undesired movement Separate contents to prevent undesired contact Cushion contents from outside vibrations and shocks Support the weight of identical containers stacked above Position the contents to provide maximum protection Provide for uniform weight distribution Provide exterior surface for labeling Be tamperproof Be safe for consumers or others
5-14
Materials Handling
Materials handling refers to how the materials or products are handled physically
How the products are handled depends on whether they are packaged or in bulk
Disadvantages
Provides large quantity that sometimes is of limited value to resellers dealing in smaller quantities
Must use mechanical or automated device to move
Basic unit is a pallet
Lumber is expensive so firms want pallets returned
Provides cushioning effect in transport Quality of pallets varies widely Chep USA rents pallets in wood or plastic
Bar codes, two-dimension codes, radiofrequency codes systems facilitate integration throughout the supply chain
5-18
Unit Loads in Materials Handling
A unit load is one or more boxes secured to a pallet so that boxes can be handled by mechanical means
Air carriers usually use irregular shaped containers made to fit fuselage
5-22
Figure 5-7: Various Types of
Intermodal Surface
Containers
5-23
Density of bulk materials Ability to withstand exposure to elements Respiration
Chemical Characteristics
Incompatible products Products requiring chemicals
5-3
Figure 5-1: Portion of Fabric
Care Label for Levi’s Jeans Sold in Japan
5-4
Product Characteristics
Hazardous Cargo
Explosives Compressed gases Flammable liquids Oxidizers Poisons Radioactive materials Corrosive materials
CHAPTER 5
Protective Packaging and Materials Handling
Learning Objectives
To know how product features affect packaging and materials handling
To identify the functions performed by protective packaging
Systems flow Layout Cost Maintenance Obsolescence Team solution
5-17
Materials Handling in the Supply Chain
Products can move throughout the entire supply chain
5-9
Figure 5-3: Results of Compression Test
5-10
Packaging
A package system requires 3 types of information to design
Severity of the distribution environment Fragility of the product Performance characteristics of various cushion
5-12
Figure 5-4: Examples of Shipping Labels
5-13
Figure 5-5: A Handheld Laser Scanner Scanning Labels on a Pallet Load of
Product Sitting in a Warehouse Rack
materials
5-11
Packaging
Labeling
Batch numbers Weight Specific contents Instructions for use Information to allow passage through customs One- or two-dimensional bar codes
Handling may change the characteristics of the product
5-15
Materials Handlingion Requirements Integrated system Standardization Just-in-time Unit load
5-19
Unit Loads in Materials Handling
Advantages
Additional protection
More fragile items can be stacked inside the load
Mechanical devices can be substituted for hand labor
5-20
Figure 5-6: A Battery Powered Lift Truck Used for Stock Picking
5-21
Unit Loads in Materials Handling
An intermodal container holds the unit load
Interchangeable among rail, truck, and water carriers
To learn materials handling principles To analyze the utilization of unit loads in
materials handling
5-2
Product Characteristics
Physical Characteristics
5-7
Figure 5-2: Boxmaker’s Certificate
(BMC)
5-8
Packaging
Package testing
Vibrations Dropping Horizontal impacts Compression Overexposure to extreme temperatures or moisture Rough handling
5-5
Product Characteristics
Environmental Protection
Reduce packing materials used Use packaging materials that are more
environmentally friendly with recycled content Use reusable containers Retain or support services that collect used packaging