英语构词法总结

英语构词法总结

标准化文件发布号：（9312-EUATWW-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII

构词法

前缀：通常改变词义后缀：通常改变词性

a- : amoral 不道德的 apathy 无情

dis: dishonest, disappear, disloyal, disorder

in/ir/ il/im: incorrect injustice impossible illegal irregular non: non-scientist non-smoker non-stop

un: unhappy, unreal, unofficial, unfair

3）贬义前缀 mal-, mis-, pseudo-(伪…,假…) maltreat，malfunction 机能失常，malnutrition mislead, misinform, misfortune

pseudoscientific, pseudo-realism

well: well-known, well-informed

5) 表示态度或倾向的前缀

anti-(反对，防止)：antiwar, antiaircraft防空袭的contra-(反对，相反)：contradict, contra-dance counter-(反对，相反)：counteraction反作用

pro-(亲，赞成)：pro-American, pro-slavery

6) 表示时间或顺序

ex-表示前任的，从前的：ex-wife, ex-president

fore-前，先：forefather, forethought深谋远虑

post-后的：post-war, postgraduate

pre-前的：pre-war, premature

re-再：remarriage, reconsider

7) 表示地点的前缀

extra-以外的：extra-official, extralegal

fore-在前边: forehead, forefather, foretell

inter-在…之间: international, interschool

tele-远距离的: telecommunication, telescope

trans-穿越:transplant

in-内,里: inside, inland, invade

super-在…之上: superstructure上层建筑

8) 表数字的前缀

uni-（统一的）：uniform, unisex(男女皆宜的)

mono-(单一): monologue, monoxide一氧化碳

bi-(二个): bicycle, bi-lingual

di-(双倍的，两重的): dialogue, dioxide二氧化碳

multi-(多的)：multimedia

semi-（半的） semiautomatic半自动的

hemi-(半的):hemisphere半球

tri-(三个)：triangle, tricolor三色旗

centi-(百分之一)：centimeter厘米，centigram厘克

有些前缀可改变词性

a-, be-, en/em-

asleep, awake

befriend, beloved

enforce, enable, endanger, encourage, enrich, enlarge

常用后缀

1.1.指人的后缀

- eer: engineer, pioneer, volunteer

-er/or: singer, teacher, visitor, actor

-ess: actress, hostess

-ster: youngster, gangster

-an, ian, ese国家的人：Australian, American

-ant, ent: assistant, applicant, dependant

-ician: electrician, technician

-ist: scientist, communist, typist, chemist

-ism: socialism, realism

2. 名词的后缀

-age, -al, -ion/-sion/-ation/-tion, -dom,

-hood, -ity, -ment, -ness, -ship, -th, -ty,

-ure, -ics, -logy

3. 形容词的后缀

名词变形容词：-ed, -ful, -ish, -less, -like, -ly, -y, -c, -ous 动词变形容词：

-able/ible: arguable, permissible

-tive/sive: talkative, decisive

4. 副词的后缀－ly, -ward/wards

5. 动词的后缀

-ate: attribute, calculate

-en: blacken, redden, broaden, deepen

-ify: beautify, certify, modify

-ize/ise: analyze, modernize

名词

可数名词的复数形式：

1.1.－s

2.2.以s, x, ch, sh, +es

3.3.以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i+es.

4.+es: heroes, potatoes, tomatoes, echoes

a. 以两个元音结尾的，+s 例如：bamboo, zoo, radio, studio, shampoo

b. 外来词+s：photo, piano, kilo, tobacco, memo, auto

5. 以f/fe结尾的，变f/fe为ve, +s

leaf, wife, knife, half, thief, wolf, shelf,

life

有的直接+s

roof, cliff, proof, chief, gulf, belief

6. 不规则

man-men woman-women

tooth-teeth foot-feet

child-children goose-geese

mouse-mice ox-oxen

a. 外来词（仍保持原有复数形式）

phenomenon- phenomena

criterion- criteria

formula- formulae

thesis- theses basis- bases

analysis-analyses crisis- crises

medium-media curriculum-curricula

b. 单复同形