英语构词法总结

英语构词法总结

-标准化文件发布号：（9556-EUATWK-MWUB-WUNN-INNUL-DDQTY-KII

构词法

前缀：通常改变词义后缀：通常改变词性

1) 否定前缀：

a- : amoral 不道德的 apathy 无情

dis: dishonest, disappear, disloyal, disorder

in/ir/ il/im: incorrect injustice impossible illegal irregular non: non-scientist non-smoker non-stop

un: unhappy, unreal, unofficial, unfair

2) 表示相反动作或事物的前缀

de-, dis-, un-, proof-…(防水的)

degrade 堕落，下降

dislike, disagree, dislike, dissolve溶解，分离

undo, untie, unlock, undress

proof water防水的

3）贬义前缀 mal-, mis-, pseudo-(伪…,假…) maltreat，malfunction 机能失常，malnutrition mislead, misinform, misfortune

pseudoscientific, pseudo-realism

4) 表示程度或尺寸的前缀

arch-(超级的)：archenemy, archrival

co-(共同的)：co-author, costar(合演者)

extra-: extraordinary非凡的，extra-bright

macro-(特别大)：macroeconomics

micro-非常小：Microsoft, microcomputer

mini-微：mini-skirt, minibus

out-超过：overdo, overwork

sub-次的，第二的：substandard

super: supernatural, superstar

under: underground, undergraduate

well: well-known, well-informed

5) 表示态度或倾向的前缀

anti-(反对，防止)：antiwar, antiaircraft防空袭的contra-(反对，相反)：contradict, contra-dance counter-(反对，相反)：counteraction反作用

pro-(亲，赞成)：pro-American, pro-slavery

6) 表示时间或顺序

ex-表示前任的，从前的：ex-wife, ex-president

fore-前，先：forefather, forethought深谋远虑

post-后的：post-war, postgraduate

pre-前的：pre-war, premature

re-再：remarriage, reconsider

7) 表示地点的前缀

extra-以外的：extra-official, extralegal

fore-在前边: forehead, forefather, foretell

inter-在…之间: international, interschool

tele-远距离的: telecommunication, telescope

trans-穿越:transplant

in-内,里: inside, inland, invade

super-在…之上: superstructure上层建筑

8) 表数字的前缀

uni-（统一的）：uniform, unisex(男女皆宜的)

mono-(单一): monologue, monoxide一氧化碳

bi-(二个): bicycle, bi-lingual

di-(双倍的，两重的): dialogue, dioxide二氧化碳

multi-(多的)：multimedia

semi-（半的） semiautomatic半自动的

hemi-(半的):hemisphere半球

tri-(三个)：triangle, tricolor三色旗

centi-(百分之一)：centimeter厘米，centigram厘克

有些前缀可改变词性

a-, be-, en/em-

asleep, awake

befriend, beloved

enforce, enable, endanger, encourage, enrich, enlarge 常用后缀

1. 1.指人的后缀

- eer: engineer, pioneer, volunteer

-er/or: singer, teacher, visitor, actor

-ess: actress, hostess

-ster: youngster, gangster

-an, ian, ese国家的人：Australian, American

-ant, ent: assistant, applicant, dependant

-ician: electrician, technician

-ist: scientist, communist, typist, chemist

-ism: socialism, realism

2. 名词的后缀

-age, -al, -ion/-sion/-ation/-tion, -dom,

-hood, -ity, -ment, -ness, -ship, -th, -ty,

-ure, -ics, -logy

3. 形容词的后缀

名词变形容词：-ed, -ful, -ish, -less, -like, -ly, -y, -c, -ous 动词变形容词：

-able/ible: arguable, permissible

-tive/sive: talkative, decisive

4. 副词的后缀－ly, -ward/wards

5. 动词的后缀

-ate: attribute, calculate