英语构词法总结

英语构词法总结集团档案编码：[YTTR-YTPT28-YTNTL98-UYTYNN08]

构词法

前缀：通常改变词义后缀：通常改变词性

a-:amoral不道德的apathy无情

dis:dishonest,disappear,disloyal,disorder

in/ir/il/im:incorrectinjusticeimpossibleillegalirregular non:non-scientistnon-smokernon-stop

un:unhappy,unreal,unofficial,unfair

3）贬义前缀mal-,mis-,pseudo-(伪…,假…)

maltreat，malfunction机能失常，malnutrition

mislead,misinform,misfortune

pseudoscientific,pseudo-realism

well:well-known,well-informed

5)表示态度或倾向的前缀

anti-(反对，防止)：antiwar,antiaircraft防空袭的

contra-(反对，相反)：contradict,contra-dance

counter-(反对，相反)：counteraction反作用

pro-(亲，赞成)：pro-American,pro-slavery

6)表示时间或顺序

ex-表示前任的，从前的：ex-wife,ex-president

fore-前，先：forefather,forethought深谋远虑

post-后的：post-war,postgraduate

pre-前的：pre-war,premature

re-再：remarriage,reconsider

7)表示地点的前缀

extra-以外的：extra-official,extralegal

fore-在前边:forehead,forefather,foretell

inter-在…之间:international,interschool

tele-远距离的:telecommunication,telescope

trans-穿越:transplant

in-内,里:inside,inland,invade

super-在…之上:superstructure上层建筑

8)表数字的前缀

uni-（统一的）：uniform,unisex(男女皆宜的)

mono-(单一):monologue,monoxide一氧化碳

bi-(二个):bicycle,bi-lingual

di-(双倍的，两重的):dialogue,dioxide二氧化碳

multi-(多的)：multimedia

semi-（半的）semiautomatic半自动的

hemi-(半的):hemisphere半球

tri-(三个)：triangle,tricolor三色旗

centi-(百分之一)：centimeter厘米，centigram厘克

有些前缀可改变词性

a-,be-,en/em-

asleep,awake

befriend,beloved

enforce,enable,endanger,encourage,enrich,enlarge

常用后缀

1.1.指人的后缀

-eer:engineer,pioneer,volunteer

-er/or:singer,teacher,visitor,actor

-ess:actress,hostess

-ster:youngster,gangster

-an,ian,ese国家的人：Australian,American

-ant,ent:assistant,applicant,dependant

-ician:electrician,technician

-ist:scientist,communist,typist,chemist

-ism:socialism,realism

2.名词的后缀

-age,-al,-ion/-sion/-ation/-tion,-dom,

-hood,-ity,-ment,-ness,-ship,-th,-ty,

-ure,-ics,-logy

3.形容词的后缀

名词变形容词：-ed,-ful,-ish,-less,-like,-ly,-y,-c,-ous 动词变形容词：

-able/ible:arguable,permissible

-tive/sive:talkative,decisive

4.副词的后缀－ly,-ward/wards

5.动词的后缀

-ate:attribute,calculate

-en:blacken,redden,broaden,deepen

-ify:beautify,certify,modify

-ize/ise:analyze,modernize

名词

可数名词的复数形式：

1.1.－s

2.2.以s,x,ch,sh,+es

3.3.以辅音字母+y结尾的，变y为i+es.

4.4.o+es:heroes,potatoes,tomatoes,echoes

a.以两个元音结尾的，+s例如：

bamboo,zoo,radio,studio,shampoo

b.外来词+s：photo,piano,kilo,tobacco,memo,auto

5.以f/fe结尾的，变f/fe为ve,+s

leaf,wife,knife,half,thief,wolf,shelf,

life

有的直接+s

roof,cliff,proof,chief,gulf,belief

6.不规则

man-menwoman-women

tooth-teethfoot-feet

child-childrengoose-geese

mouse-miceox-oxen

a.外来词（仍保持原有复数形式）

phenomenon-phenomena

criterion-criteria

formula-formulae

thesis-thesesbasis-bases

analysis-analysescrisis-crises

medium-mediacurriculum-curricula

b.单复同形