英语划分句子成分练习题及答案

高一英语句子成分讲解及练习

尖子班命题人：杨继超（一）句子成分的定义：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有主要成分和次要成分；主要成分有主语和谓语；次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语。

（二）主语：主语是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如：

During the 1990s, America n country music has become more and more popular. （名词）

We ofte n speak En glish in class. （代词）

On e-third of the stude nts in this class are girls. （数词）

To swim in the river is a great pleasure. （不定式）

Smoki ng does harm to the health. （动名词）

The rich should help the poor. （名词化的形容词）

Whe n we are going to have an En glish test has not bee n decided. （主语从句）

It is necessary to master a foreign Ianguage. （it 作形式主语，真正的主语为后

面的不定式）

（三）谓语：谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：

1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如：Hepractices running every morning.

2、复合谓语：（1）由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. （2）由系动词加表语构成。如：We are stude nts.

（四）表语：表语用以说明主语的身份、特征和状态，它一般位于系动词（如be, become, get, look, grow, turn, seem等）之后。表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、分词、数词、不定式、动名词、介词短语、副词及表语从句表示。例如：

Our teacher of En glish is an America n. （名词）

Is it yours? （代词）

The weather has turned cold.

（形容词）

The speech is excit ing. （分词）

Three times seve n is twenty one? （数词）

His job is to teach En glish. （不定式）

His hobby （爱好）is playing football. （动名词）

The machi ne must be out of order. （介词短语）

Time is up. The class is over. （畐寸词）

The truth is that he has n ever bee n abroad. （表语从句）

（五）宾语：宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：

They we nt to see an exhibiti on （展览）yesterday. （名词）

The heavy rain preve nted me form coming to school on time. （代词）

How many diction aries do you have? I have five. （数词）

They helped the old with their housework yesterday. （名词化形容词）

He prete nded not to see me. （不定式短语）

I enjoy liste ning to popular music. （动名词短语）

I think （that）he is fit for his office. （宾语从句）

宾语种类：（1）双宾语（间接宾语+ 直接宾语），例如：Lend meyour dictionary, please. （2）复合宾语（宾语+ 宾补），例如:They elected him their mo nitor.

（六）宾语补足语：英语中有些及物动词，除有一个直接宾语以外，还要有一个宾语补

语，才能使句子的意义完整。带有宾语补足语的一般句型为：某些及物动词（如make等+宾语+宾补）。宾补可由名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充当。

例如：

His father n amed him Dongming. （名词）

They pain ted their boat white. （形容词）

Let the fresh air in. （畐寸词）

You mustn' t force him to lend his money to you. We saw her en teri ng the room. （现在分词）

We found everyth ing in the lab in good order.

We will soon make our city what your city is now.

（不定式短语）

（介词短语）