19世纪英国现实主义文学概述
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George Wilson — John Barton's best friend, a worker at John Carson's mill.
Jem Wilson — Son of George and Jane, an engineer and inventor who has loved Mary from his childhood.
On the Sunday morning she felt weaker and asked if she could be taken back to Haworth. The doctor confirmed that she was near to death and Anne thanked him for his candour. "Take courage, take courage" she murmured to Charlotte. She died at 2 pm on Monday 18 May. She is buried in the cemetery of St Mary's of Scarborough. Her gravestone carries an error in her age in the inscription because she died at the age of 29 and not at 28. It was noticed by Charlotte during her only visit, and she had the intention of asking the mason to correct it. Ill health did not leave him time to effect the repair and the tombstone has remained in the same state to this day.
萨克雷
William Makepeace Thackeray 1811-1863
萨克雷的主要作品
势利者集 The book of Snobs (1846-47) 名利场 Vanity Fair (1847-48) 潘登尼斯 Pendennis (1848) 亨利爱德芒德 Henry Esmond (1852) 纽卡姆一家 The Newcomes (1853) 弗吉尼亚人 The Virginians (1857)
Jane Eyre An Autobiography
EDITED BY CURRER BELL
《简·爱》
“我要让你们看看，一个像我自己一样， 身材矮小 、其貌不扬的女主角，同你们 所描写的任何一个女主角一样引人入胜， 一样能引起读者的兴趣。”
Fra Baidu bibliotek
——夏洛特
《简·爱》
从女性要求独立平等的角度，展现了英
daughter)
克兰福德 Cranford (1853) 夏洛特传 biography (1857) 莫兰别墅 The Moorland Cottage (1850); 怜悯 Ruth (1853) 北与南 North and South (1855) 妻子们与女儿们 Wives and Daughters (1866).
John Carson — Wealthy owner of a mill in Manchester.
Henry Carson — Son of John Carson, attracted to Mary.
Esther (last name unknown) — Sister of Mrs Mary Barton, she is a fallen woman and on the periphery for most of the story.
wealthy London merchant; Rebecca (Becky) Sharp: an orphan.
盖斯凯尔夫人
Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell，1810－1865
盖斯凯尔夫人的主要作品
玛丽巴顿 Mary Barton, a Tale of Manchester Life (pub. anonymously in 1848)
Arthur Bell Nicholls (1818–1906)
Brontë Parsonage Museum 学校：夏洛特曾在此任教。
夏洛特的主要作品
简·爱Jane Eyre (1847) 雪利Shirley (1849) 维莱特 Villette(1853) 教授 The Professor (1857)
英国批判现实主义文学的特点
政治上的改良主义与道德上的温情主义 反对暴力革命，主张社会改良； 家庭中心与道德批判、道德感化。
以幽默和讽刺见长 以幽默表达对小人物的赞许与宽容（密考伯先生）； 以讽刺批判资产者的势利、冷酷与自私。
一派出色的小说家
马克思称狄更斯、萨 克雷、夏洛特、盖斯 凯尔夫人是“一派出 色的小说家”。
Patrick Brontë(1877-1861)
Patrick Brontë(1777-1861) farther Maria Branwell (1783-1821) mother Elizabeth Branwell (1776-1842)aunt
Maria (1814-1825) Elizabeth (1815–1825) Charlotte (1816-1855)+ Arthur Bell Nicholls
Emily (Jane) Brontë (1818-1848)
呼啸山庄(Wuthering Heights, 1847)
Heathcliff - Isabella Catherine – Edgar
Linton Hindley Hareton (Hindley’s
son) Cathy (Catherine’s
国19世纪上半叶的社会现实。
里德太太家 10年
劳渥德慈善学校 6年学生 2年教师
桑菲尔德庄园 故事最主要的一段
圣约翰家
北部偏僻小镇
Jane Eyre and Rochester
Jane Eyre (1847)
The center theme: women should have equal rights with man.
Charlotte (1816-1855)
Charlotte married her father's curate Arthur Bell in Haworth Church on 29 June 1854.
She died on 31 March 1855, in the early stages of pregnancy, three weeks before her 39th birthday.
Jane Eyre, published 1847 Shirley, published in 1849 Villette, published in 1853 The Professor, written before Jane Eyre, submitted at
first along with Wuthering Heights and Agnes Grey, then separately, and rejected by many publishing houses, published posthumously in 1857 Emma, unfinished; Charlotte Brontëwrote only 20 pages of the manuscript, published posthumously in 1860.
名利场 Vanity Fair (1847-48)
The title of the novel was taken from Bunyan’s “Pilgrim’s Progress”;
The sub-title: A Novel Without a Hero; Amelia Sedley: the daughter of a
(1818–1906) Patrick Branwell (1817-1848) Emily Jane (1818-1848) Anne (1820-1849)
Portrait in pencil of Anne by her sister Charlotte.
Anne too had tuberculosis. She was taken to Scarborough to try a sea cure but died four days after arriving there on 28 May 1849, aged 29 years.
勃朗特三姐妹
A painting of the three Brontë sisters; from left to right, Anne, Emily, and Charlotte. In the center of portrait is the shadow of Branwell Brontë, the artist, who painted himself out.
“我不是鸟；没有罗网捕捉我；我是一个有独立 意志的自由人。我现在就要用我的独立意志离开 你。”
“哪一样更好呢？向诱惑屈服，听热情支配， 不做痛苦的努力、不挣扎，而是落入温柔 的罗网⋯⋯做罗切斯特先生的情妇，一半时 间沉迷在他的爱情里—因为他会—啊，是 啊，他暂时是会非常地爱我。”
“如果我能看到他，那有多好啊！只要看一刹那！ 在那种情况下，我就肯定不会这样发疯似的朝他 奔去了吗？我说不清—我没有把握。即使朝他奔 去，那又怎么样呢？上帝保佑他！那又怎么样呢？ 我再次品尝一下他的眼光能赋予我的生活，又会 伤害谁呢？”
19世纪
英国现实主义文学
英国批判现实主义文学的特点
与宪章运动关系密切 欧洲文学史上最早反映劳资矛盾的作品 《玛丽·巴顿》 《艰难时世》 《雪莉》
典型的小资产阶级文学 小资产阶级出身的作家 反映小资产阶级的生活 塑造小资产阶级个人奋斗的人物形象
英国批判现实主义文学的特点
女作家群体的出现 盖斯凯尔夫人 Mrs. Gaskell 乔治 ·艾略特 George Eliot 勃朗特姐妹 Three Brontësisters
The problem of orphan; The problem of the bourgeois system
of education; The position of woman in society.
“你以为我会留下来，成为你无足轻重的人吗？ ⋯⋯你认为，因为我穷、低微、不美、矮小，我 就没有灵魂没有心吗？你想错了！—我的灵魂跟 你的一样，我的心也跟你的完全一样！⋯⋯我现 在跟你说话，并不是通过习俗、惯例，甚至不是 通过凡人的肉体—而是让我的精神在同你的精神 说话；就像两个都经过了坟墓，我们站在上帝脚 跟前，是平等的—因为我们是等的。”
《玛丽·巴顿》
Mary Barton, a Tale of Manchester Life，1848)
Mary Barton — The eponymous character, a very beautiful girl.
John Barton — Mary's father, a millworker, active member in trade unions.
Jem Wilson — Son of George and Jane, an engineer and inventor who has loved Mary from his childhood.
On the Sunday morning she felt weaker and asked if she could be taken back to Haworth. The doctor confirmed that she was near to death and Anne thanked him for his candour. "Take courage, take courage" she murmured to Charlotte. She died at 2 pm on Monday 18 May. She is buried in the cemetery of St Mary's of Scarborough. Her gravestone carries an error in her age in the inscription because she died at the age of 29 and not at 28. It was noticed by Charlotte during her only visit, and she had the intention of asking the mason to correct it. Ill health did not leave him time to effect the repair and the tombstone has remained in the same state to this day.
萨克雷
William Makepeace Thackeray 1811-1863
萨克雷的主要作品
势利者集 The book of Snobs (1846-47) 名利场 Vanity Fair (1847-48) 潘登尼斯 Pendennis (1848) 亨利爱德芒德 Henry Esmond (1852) 纽卡姆一家 The Newcomes (1853) 弗吉尼亚人 The Virginians (1857)
Jane Eyre An Autobiography
EDITED BY CURRER BELL
《简·爱》
“我要让你们看看，一个像我自己一样， 身材矮小 、其貌不扬的女主角，同你们 所描写的任何一个女主角一样引人入胜， 一样能引起读者的兴趣。”
Fra Baidu bibliotek
——夏洛特
《简·爱》
从女性要求独立平等的角度，展现了英
daughter)
克兰福德 Cranford (1853) 夏洛特传 biography (1857) 莫兰别墅 The Moorland Cottage (1850); 怜悯 Ruth (1853) 北与南 North and South (1855) 妻子们与女儿们 Wives and Daughters (1866).
John Carson — Wealthy owner of a mill in Manchester.
Henry Carson — Son of John Carson, attracted to Mary.
Esther (last name unknown) — Sister of Mrs Mary Barton, she is a fallen woman and on the periphery for most of the story.
wealthy London merchant; Rebecca (Becky) Sharp: an orphan.
盖斯凯尔夫人
Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell，1810－1865
盖斯凯尔夫人的主要作品
玛丽巴顿 Mary Barton, a Tale of Manchester Life (pub. anonymously in 1848)
Arthur Bell Nicholls (1818–1906)
Brontë Parsonage Museum 学校：夏洛特曾在此任教。
夏洛特的主要作品
简·爱Jane Eyre (1847) 雪利Shirley (1849) 维莱特 Villette(1853) 教授 The Professor (1857)
英国批判现实主义文学的特点
政治上的改良主义与道德上的温情主义 反对暴力革命，主张社会改良； 家庭中心与道德批判、道德感化。
以幽默和讽刺见长 以幽默表达对小人物的赞许与宽容（密考伯先生）； 以讽刺批判资产者的势利、冷酷与自私。
一派出色的小说家
马克思称狄更斯、萨 克雷、夏洛特、盖斯 凯尔夫人是“一派出 色的小说家”。
Patrick Brontë(1877-1861)
Patrick Brontë(1777-1861) farther Maria Branwell (1783-1821) mother Elizabeth Branwell (1776-1842)aunt
Maria (1814-1825) Elizabeth (1815–1825) Charlotte (1816-1855)+ Arthur Bell Nicholls
Emily (Jane) Brontë (1818-1848)
呼啸山庄(Wuthering Heights, 1847)
Heathcliff - Isabella Catherine – Edgar
Linton Hindley Hareton (Hindley’s
son) Cathy (Catherine’s
国19世纪上半叶的社会现实。
里德太太家 10年
劳渥德慈善学校 6年学生 2年教师
桑菲尔德庄园 故事最主要的一段
圣约翰家
北部偏僻小镇
Jane Eyre and Rochester
Jane Eyre (1847)
The center theme: women should have equal rights with man.
Charlotte (1816-1855)
Charlotte married her father's curate Arthur Bell in Haworth Church on 29 June 1854.
She died on 31 March 1855, in the early stages of pregnancy, three weeks before her 39th birthday.
Jane Eyre, published 1847 Shirley, published in 1849 Villette, published in 1853 The Professor, written before Jane Eyre, submitted at
first along with Wuthering Heights and Agnes Grey, then separately, and rejected by many publishing houses, published posthumously in 1857 Emma, unfinished; Charlotte Brontëwrote only 20 pages of the manuscript, published posthumously in 1860.
名利场 Vanity Fair (1847-48)
The title of the novel was taken from Bunyan’s “Pilgrim’s Progress”;
The sub-title: A Novel Without a Hero; Amelia Sedley: the daughter of a
(1818–1906) Patrick Branwell (1817-1848) Emily Jane (1818-1848) Anne (1820-1849)
Portrait in pencil of Anne by her sister Charlotte.
Anne too had tuberculosis. She was taken to Scarborough to try a sea cure but died four days after arriving there on 28 May 1849, aged 29 years.
勃朗特三姐妹
A painting of the three Brontë sisters; from left to right, Anne, Emily, and Charlotte. In the center of portrait is the shadow of Branwell Brontë, the artist, who painted himself out.
“我不是鸟；没有罗网捕捉我；我是一个有独立 意志的自由人。我现在就要用我的独立意志离开 你。”
“哪一样更好呢？向诱惑屈服，听热情支配， 不做痛苦的努力、不挣扎，而是落入温柔 的罗网⋯⋯做罗切斯特先生的情妇，一半时 间沉迷在他的爱情里—因为他会—啊，是 啊，他暂时是会非常地爱我。”
“如果我能看到他，那有多好啊！只要看一刹那！ 在那种情况下，我就肯定不会这样发疯似的朝他 奔去了吗？我说不清—我没有把握。即使朝他奔 去，那又怎么样呢？上帝保佑他！那又怎么样呢？ 我再次品尝一下他的眼光能赋予我的生活，又会 伤害谁呢？”
19世纪
英国现实主义文学
英国批判现实主义文学的特点
与宪章运动关系密切 欧洲文学史上最早反映劳资矛盾的作品 《玛丽·巴顿》 《艰难时世》 《雪莉》
典型的小资产阶级文学 小资产阶级出身的作家 反映小资产阶级的生活 塑造小资产阶级个人奋斗的人物形象
英国批判现实主义文学的特点
女作家群体的出现 盖斯凯尔夫人 Mrs. Gaskell 乔治 ·艾略特 George Eliot 勃朗特姐妹 Three Brontësisters
The problem of orphan; The problem of the bourgeois system
of education; The position of woman in society.
“你以为我会留下来，成为你无足轻重的人吗？ ⋯⋯你认为，因为我穷、低微、不美、矮小，我 就没有灵魂没有心吗？你想错了！—我的灵魂跟 你的一样，我的心也跟你的完全一样！⋯⋯我现 在跟你说话，并不是通过习俗、惯例，甚至不是 通过凡人的肉体—而是让我的精神在同你的精神 说话；就像两个都经过了坟墓，我们站在上帝脚 跟前，是平等的—因为我们是等的。”
《玛丽·巴顿》
Mary Barton, a Tale of Manchester Life，1848)
Mary Barton — The eponymous character, a very beautiful girl.
John Barton — Mary's father, a millworker, active member in trade unions.