外研英语选修7原文翻译
英语选修7课文翻译
英语选修7课文翻译忤m■・勵门|投想陥町傕金谡找罐“汀”人川彳盯十牛-的那种人物.槎甸话BL tft界1 的人机⑴匕朗备找的肌|却布£1虬的身体H嘟电虬裁斥倦H刖人那样枚劇逋快涉fl&ttf榔.闻£ fl财恨菽还仝屍『策用+ ff肿乐曲•叹磁*«蓟貳11仁恆牛也说五（ft视到展海J flAGtt. 他也就涯法始犹治好”長0：灼足.他0|也杠褪件弁我.我的化.戒挣述圧醐$现狀.股C经学金『适歧找的残疫主帖.収的妝f】洛心话巷悴人九蜀I抠卜寧以闸・找眼班出的幷他屈学址一样的.我倉甯魄科*谢迷*鶴足理.悅实在前.规过去用卩舰血样索fi A；我仝艇为足隊粘检ItO町的阿就雪胡世界料肌球欄*L A1总眾啊身体开始变外施舉电堪悅n jt u 得起不『*.狼劉嗟龍去作了枪蓟.几手住「-:,茎月的盹热«r^參辣•我思职IE医锐的时靛，匱试无歡戻推饗了，包抿仆•稅概竇’他YI从孫帽制祁切卜-小块儿肌碎. 故拥显flttft卜规柬・園紐像过所亦这趋检倩之爲・也没亦人能第啣诈过年舸.调就.聲草知逍莉1柴自楚tfl-^flf 氏x I毂的啊.绘棉霍的肚*收林上去那平常人样.晒it*苛取u广feifci的Htjffi送訂*攪it上唉邢匚厂（集*戒於餵鰻林才爬测titw^卜.吧不到匝就科休息.t*»L暫时小鲁frittrfliiiww就全、“他仆时慎投的身休盘廛虬1/汀学・因就曙门牛名礫.毎决诸肚检#他乩找班的觉側自己«4牴團右我比剧人購右了一叠.』卅屮学时酗汕洁比费I母时聲轻怆多匚我的汕# FFUKE门酗枫况.aflqprsiMt不刑收附内心粒悍.怛艇風井不生气.具站不去理住他仍買「•履也話M挺好.報推爲％強现石许荽啷啊职闊确傩做谢很郎・比轴囲怖和胡电衲稈“・fl! <7昭心壮去,I：认所tttfijfe聃忙业卑I作.古塔我发凹1『伞电脑足球紳娩M來丿、吿川U鮭决生从找这儿杷它心匚灵的也活1U克姐阶冇训刖闲吧祥电为门已优饥廿障好的时帙・池刽誠职的册M 凰丿皿电幣和足筛比畝览如我还花很客时间和找的邂物在一鼠/V讷！也产•心吃亂柯•那佥個. nilL4k^MHHl 的呷':®.找f!Hkk圳时mi束册破这亚垃梅.K^^K M I・it取A还ft *F r车问收学.持别M往稱」’玲时间之疳・在株拿方ifiL业费体的魁響侧快收变那更帥鑿強.更椰掘蛊・fllfil努力工•储対1:匸席的吃嫁fi 这是（ft押呻・假如典后机件跟睦瞬聽『讲■旬话・珈致*这旬话就貝患務并不加織着牛•洁不奨満. 僭此+不整鵬到喪視人禅恰・戒者収崔唯们・也不:旻・H；起他IH・・於摊附臥域励、皿则难惟佛UH--样建用車商客輕■充零裁#L谢便MliMk的故仏桑达呀*七畳丽A忠屯纵怖聲桥術0节毋憧设计班崑覇戟#总脚44号班丸斯軌9 H2+ U点愛吋桑迄崩七士’赤钛擢上r斛料.你是與丸斯孜倩粵it的建是试幷艸，麻特髭詰错罐#比张时才議從我人庄tij悅电电期的问超.礼甘刖也依* A>XT几点：I均蚩松椅昭人和斤址坏才傩的人邊人理彭吨軽爆疔便砂脱内的各4却守.蝕"蚪所，叫毎蹩，樽果ZU2乩剧極冻占邮应步妾眾电林t祥妁按/应专止视疫人官心片“・剋祁出¥10】尚忙限讣逹也有屿电欝花咽.嵌哎人专即电禅说蛊朝幌背卓的長显瓏的地方Utt 菠底集人心蚪比刖约见空隹人一予■2.蛉听力有护碍的人捷圧耳眾一所有蛊｛1的瘤谨豪拉就甫幵*V 衍不臺少题扎个用位也弭丁叹俺那茎聊勺前站陪的观反卜肛屿听"冰计骼W1反嗯圧-址献嘗・峋車起it他门于矗一金册定的地!！■工椅高/H1”那飙J&摊的丘仪应皿比就耕的爾.这惮侖严人无论亍f^K .柿耙很痒珞地世列眾鼻禺一桃聊外禅味邮蛊計如雀拉"野吐坐轮阳的人坐拴他也的刖E#边斗.阳所：矗涉轨％口处町卅富座域莎耳康人安徘F絹所-兀在骄质刊丸片爪或殆地下k 牌喷拱人生排一4島所.it评什诙菱拦壤的.5粋卓场专贰廷碍和珂庇人心最年人栄排坏乍旳，琵仲串坤#电粵険專昨祇专便岳点足冋瞎我时ft.指咀依会才橋我的Jt辻践康人应当和过全人茹刿忡的帆会坎眩聲屯卑"同呵能怅措；］己砖* P 扣*憊牧计妁电科鶴能菲为坯康人捉供亦幘.轉肚.氏川仃讣事人就推夸供怒峠乜粵憧・嗚乩电外悅妁老碱也菱离兴・国为有史事砖人惟坤去侖电邮f 傭时腮垃业斛鳩■«A抢U!尔燻林像4：产视籌人的处对呱丁一作・最迸・谨公诃靈对*6刖棗做家务审时P13S人进行试骁・这除试螫将由拉巾的先人世蛊尔来嘿试.范幫尔呼军加ft!枫購人闊崔象瑕，特洲眾在堆丈夷厲家三膚的这，期闾.伸址也武朱褴韓亚说■广. 權紙机牆人2旳害她+也不会让制人来也J;她.擀而她割氏见到桃养人的时铁就感到有点儿(6■鼠机閲人各叫ff尼.(i I E—点儿也不懂和机器，他盹蓟JiU酎it但址亍fffiX. fll段英*笈乂於丈烁胞的問抒低KSW.« I蟻*托疋给催罐来了早仏储后的地JMfIM?荊忙穿衣订饥tt^jFjfi .dJLI^f (S.U!,很快鐵訂牧他唐r・财S人帅此通人性丫itf更迪電褂心爛鄆雷怕・<i A*竟架尔说超.驰觉佃施自己ff厢聪明・托尼则说.克聲尔-・才佥说阳达样的话来*克集年览带.机器人金向她表航啊柚・过特成荒唐可英.ttJffcfffntt托帖1\枪忖併托垃・时十像悄弾血禅粮ft!挺奋社盒址位的人来臥她不鹤決臥她的索也4册临阪她烈格扯迪斯紗也芬拆调. 屯拉鞠IPrUis近沟名的腐俄有势的fit人”艳也也止丸裁尔廉兴醒床・他恕帮助克巢尔，tt她和施帕索兗劈林雜人力.TJ^O^Affl htftffi来-4恬蜡托尼闊i髓哎甘说给他涮曲一卜；她惊甫地看着他的爭指觀动魁术性氓煉忡出爭来損他的rflijfiwr^'i'fti他那左软滋唆的皮趺艳她憋到天为ts卄。
外研版选修七第六模块课文及翻译MicrosoftWord文档.doc
Module 6 The World’s Cultural HeritagePart 1 The Amazing Caves of ZhoukoudianZhoukoudian is a small village about 50 kilometres south-west of Beijing. Inthe 1920s, archaeologists discovered some prehistoric human bones there which changed China’s kn owledge of its history. They came from an unknown species ofman and were the first evidence of primitive human life in China thousands of yearsago. The remains were … three teeth!In 1929, a complete skull was also discovered. Eventually, archaeologists found almost 200 items, including six skulls and more than 150 teeth. These discoveries proved the existence of a human species who lived in the area between 700,000 and200,000 years ago.Four sites where Beijing Man and his relations lived were discovered on the northern face of Dragon Bone Hill (Longgushan). They lived in the limestone cavesin the area.However, the life span of Beijing Man was short. About 70% of the people probably died before the age of 14. fewer than 5% lived to the age of 50. Even so,they were quite sophisticated. Ashes were found alongside the fossils which showedthey used fire for cooling food and also for light, warmth and protection from wild beasts. This is the earliest evidence of the use fire anywhere in the world. They alsomade tools of bones and sharpened stones. Unfortunately, when Japan invadedChina in 1937, excavations at the Beijing Man Site stopped and most of the fossils disappeared, including a Beijing Man skull. They have never been found. After the people’s Republic of China was established in 1949, the work started again and Zhoukoudian became an important tourist attraction.Zhoukoudian was listed as a world heritage site in December 1987. It has notonly given us important information about prehistoric Asian societies, but also has provided amazing evidence about the process of evolution.惊人的周口店山顶洞周口店是位于北京西南约50公里的一个小村庄。
外研版选修7课文原文
外研社选修7课文原文Module 1 BasketballMichael Jorda n -Head and Shoulders Above the Rest!During the 1990s, Michael Jordan was probably the best-known athlete in the world. He was the top scorer in the NBA, and played for the Chicago Bulls from 1984 to 1993. He was named their most valued player five times. Wearing his famous number 23 shirt, Michael Jordan became the most successful basketball player in the history of the game.Jordan was born in New York and grew up in North Carolina. He attended the University of North Carolina for a year before leaving to join the Chicago Bulls. He finished his first season (1984-1985) as one of the top scorers in the league, with an average of points per game.In 1987, Jordan became only the second player to score more than 3,000 points in a season. He was the top scorer in the NBA for seven consecutive seasons (1987-1993). During this time, the average number of points he scored was more than 30 points per game. With him, the Bulls won their first NBA championship in1991.During this successful period they won the title again in 1992 and 1993.Jordan was also in the United States Olympic Basketball Team, known as “the Dream Team ” , which won the gold medal at the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.Jordan surprised everyone when he retired before the 1993-1994 season, but he rejoined the Chicago Bulls and won three more championships with them from 1996 to 1998. he played again for the Washington Wizards before finally retiring from sport in 2003 at the age of 40. Millions of fans admire his athletic ability, motivation and confidence. They have fantastic stories to tell about Michael Jordan, such as the time when he rescued the Bulls from ending a game on a tie. He stepped to the line and made two free throws. Each time he threw the ball straight through the basket —and each time he had his eyes closed.Off the basketball court, Michael Jordan opened his own steak restaurant because he loves steak so much. He also found success as an actor in the film Space Jam alongside the famous cartoon character Bugs Bunny!There is only one word to describe the best player in the world-awesome!Wilt the Stilt —the Tower of Power!Michael Jordan was the second player to score more than 3,000 points in a season —but the first was Wilt Chamberlain. Chamberlain was born in Philadelphia on 21 st August 1936. He was one of the 11 children, the only one who was very tall. His father William worked in a shipyard and his mother Olivia was a cleaner.As a child, Chamberlain had various health problems. He had pneumonia and almost died when he was ten.Chamberlain is the only NBA player who averaged over 50 points per game for an entire season. At one point, Chamberlain was so much better than all the other players that they changed the rules of the game to try to stop him!The giant player joined the NBA 's Philadelphia Warriors in the 1959-1960 season and was an immediate success. During 14seasons with four different teams, Chamberlain was named themost valued player in the league four times. On 2 nd March 1962, he scored 100 points in a single game —no one has ever done that since! The final score was Warriors 169 New York Knicks 147!He ended his career after five amazing seasons with the LosAngeles Lakers. By the time he retired, Wilt held many NBA records:he scored 50 or more points 118 times and 60 or more points 32 times.Was Wilt Chamberlain better than Michael Jordan Who knows But there is no doubt that he deserves the title “ outstand player of his generation ”.Is Yao Ming Too Nice to Be a StarJeff Van Gundy, the head coach of the Houston Rockets, has a dream. He wants Yao Ming to be like other players. Star players, says Gundy, are “ selfish ” and want the ball all the time. “ Let 's put it thissaid. “ When they ask for the ball, they don ' t say ‘ please' ! ”Yao, however, is a selfless and kind person. He has been brought up and trained in this way. It is not in his nature to be “ selfish ” and“ rude ”.When he first arrived in the US, Yao was an instant hit among basketball fans nationwide. They all loved this kind, gentle but powerful giant. Van Gundy wanted to build his team around the talented Chinese player. To do this, he told Yao to be more aggressive and, if necessary, to be rude to his teammates.“ He'a swonderful guy, he has every physical basketball skill and he puts the team first, ” Van Gundy said. “ But I want him to bestar, not just a great team player. He ' s got to think that he ' player out there. That way, he can dominate the game. ”“ At first, I didn ' t really understand what the coach wanted,Yao said. “But now I do. In China, everyone gave me the ball, I didn have to ask! Here, I have to be a little ‘ impolite '! I 'm not qto it yet. If you give me a little time, I can get more used to it. I have to learn to be l little more ‘ selfish '.”Dizzy Heights of School BasketballBasketball is one of the safest sports. Unlike wrestling or boxing, it not usually dangerous. One reason for this is that the players ' energy is partly directed upwards, at a 90-degree angle to the ground, and over the heads of the others. So there 's less risk of a collision between two players.In other sports, such as baseball and American football, the player'energy moves parallel to the ground and towards their opponents, so they wear helmets which give adequate protection to their heads.But although basketball players wear socks and sneakers which are specially designed to absorb energy when they bound into the air, they war no other protection, just a vest and shorts. If there is an abrupt change of direction in their energy, from vertical to horizontal, such as when they accelerate acrossthe court, bouncing the ball, there is a real danger of personal injury.For example, in the Kent State High School Basketballtournament, Chandler High was playing St Mary Central and at the interval the score was 50-52. but St Mary had appointed a captain who was not a typical basketball player. Whereas everyone else was tall and slim with short haircuts, Joe Johannsen was short and stout, with long hair and a large belly. But he wasreally fast, and when he obtained control of the ball, he could make a circuit of the court and reach the opposing team 's boundarnysweicthoinds.Anyhow, twelve minutes into the second half, Frank Sackler,the Chandler star player, made a controversial pass over Joe 's Joe stepped aside and dipped his head down. Sackler bounced off him and committed a foul. The referee interrupted the match ,and there was a suspension of play. But Joe was unhurt, short the penalty, and the score was 88-90. there were three minutes to go.Joe immediately took possession of the ball and ran,…and suddenly 80kilos hit the Chandler star, who howled loudly in pain and fell, with his nose bleeding and a cut on his left cheek. For a moment, he lay very still ,and the referee even checked his pulse, but soon confirmed he was OK. But when Sackler stood up he was dizzy, so they put a bandage round his head, a blanket round his shoulders, and called an ambulance to take him to the hospital. Joe was a considerate guy, and apologized as Sackler left, sniffing and weeping, either in pain or in frustration.Chandler scored with the penalty, and their teamwork had won the match. But Frank Sackler still has the scar on his face as a souvenir of the tournament.How Did They StartHow did American football startFootball -or soccer -started in England 800 years ago. The game was played with a round ball that players kicked but could not carry. There were two teams, but there were often a hundred players on each team!However, in 1823, William Webb Ellis, a pupil at Rugby School in England, picked up the ball during a soccer game and ran with it. Teachers at the school were shocked and angry but Webb Ellis ' s schoolmates enjoyed this new game, which they named after the school. Eventually, rugby was played with an oval ball that could be both carried and thrown.Rugby was exported to the United States, changed a lot and became the sport that Americans now call football. During a game of American football, the ball can be kicked, thrown or carried. How did basketball startBasketball was invented in 1891 in a gymnasium in Springfield, Massachusetts by Dr James Naismith, a physical education teacher. Naismith wanted to create a game that would provide exercise for a noisy class through the clod winter months. Naismith attached two baskets to two tall poles at each end of the gymnasium and gave the players a soccer ball and told them to try to throw the ball into the baskets. Naismith later wrote 13 rules which are the basis of modern basketball rules.How did baseball startThe exact origin of baseball is unknown, but it is probably based on an old English game called rounders. In the USA, a version of the game became popular inthe early 19th century and eventually, a man called Alexander Cartwright wrote the rules or baseball in 1845. Cartwright I called “ thefather of baseballb”ecause the modern rules of the game are very similar to his original rules.Module 2 Highlights of My Senior YearHighlights of My Senior YearI can hardly believe it, but my school life is almost over. Prom night has come and gone, and I 've received my high schomoal daipt l oast.It 'asgood thing that the exams are finished. I feel too excited tothink clearly. It seems strange to think that in a few days walking out of the school gates forever. The first thing I do is to take a long vacation!Meanwhile, I find myself looking back at my senior year, and thinking about all the wonderful things that have happened. I ' ve decided to write them down so that one day, years from now, whenI reread them ,the memories will come back.this year has been working as an arts editor for this newspaper. I so enjoyed it I love writing, and working on this paper is my first step towards becoming a journalist, so this has been a real success for me. Something else I ' vgereatly enjoyed is working as a peer mediator,someone who helps students to settle problems that they have with other students. At the start of the school year, we were given training in how to do this, and it 'isskicnledaorftwhaotrkth can really help people. I think I 'cllontinue to work as a mediator when I go to college.During the Easter vacation, I went on a short school skiing trip to the Rocky Mountains. I ' vbeeen skiing quite a few times, but never with the school, and since two good friends came on the trip, we had great fun racing each other down the ski slopes. It ' s well-known that Americans are competitive, and I did enjoy it whenever I won our races!Other things I ' m pleased abge t ting —od grades on my final exams, and receiving the senior prize for English Literature. I was given a car by my tim m goThere 'parents so I ' ve been able to drive to school, which is brilliant. And of course, I ' ll never forget being elected to thestudent council. I really enjoyed meeting the teachers and telling them how we, the students, feel about thing, and what we think should happen in the school!All these things have been wonderful. But I have to say, the highlight of the year was the senior prom. For an American girl, i t ' s so important that you have a good time at the prom. Well, I did Daniel, a boy in my English class, asked me to go to the prom with him, and I was so pleased - I ' hfeen hoping he would ask me. I found a dress that suited me perfectly, and had my hair specially done on the day of the prom. It took two hours but it was worth it, as everyone told me I looked very elegant! A group of us rented a nice car to take us to the prom. The food was delicious and I ate so much that I had to stop dancing for a while! We shared a table with some good friends, and laughed and told jokes all evening. It ' as great pity that it ' s probably the last time this will happen.Daniel and I danced most of the dances together. But the bigsurprise of the evening was when I was elected prom queen! This was so unexpected, and I can ' t tell you how good this made me feel!After the prom, a group of us drove down to the coast, and sat on the beach in our long dresses and dinner jackets. I shall never forget watch ing the sun rise over the sea -it was un forgettable! Afterwards, we went and had an enormousbreakfast in a nearby hotel -it was a perfect ending to a perfect school year.After-school ActivitiesIn America, the development of social skills is considered as important as the development of intellectual skills. To help students develop these social skills, schools offers a large number of after-school activities, in other words, activities that take place outside classroom lessons. When deciding which students to accept, employers and colleges look for students who have skills in several areas. Exam grades are very important, but so are the after-school activities. By taking part in these activities, students show their special talents, their ability to lead, and their ability to get on with others.Competitive sports, for example, baseball, are probably the most popular of all the after-school activities. This is because, for many American parents, itis important that their children,particularly boys, learn how to compete successfully. Young people are encouraged to take part in team sports such as football and basketball, since these games teach to have the “ winning spirit some students and their parents, high school sport is considered more important than academic achievements.During the long summer holidays, it is a custom for American children to spend several weeks at summer camps. There are thousands of camps, and they can be found all over the country. What these camps offer is an opportunity to takepart in many different kinds of outdoor activities, for example, horse riding and water skiing. Older teenagers are more likely to get summer jobs or go camping with a group of friends. Many go backpacking in the mountains of the west.My SchooldaysThey say that schooldays are the happiest days of your life, but not for me! My father worked abroad, so I was sent to a boarding school when I was seven. Like most schoolchildren, I had already been to nursery school. I could recite the alphabet, and read some simple books, but this was my first experience of the institution my parents called “ bigschool 'In. fact, the only preparation I had for this adventure was watching as my mother sewed my name tag into myshirts, trousers and woolen sweaters.I arrived with one suitcase, my only luggage for a term. I was shown to the dormitory where I would sleep with five other innocent boys. The bedding was a pillow, a sheet and a thin quilt. There were two worn armchairs, a few shabby cushions, an electric kettle to heat water for tea, some posters for decoration but no curtains. The washroom had a basin and a bathtub, but no heating. I ' m ashamed to admit that I sobbed as I fell asleep that night.I remember that my first lesson was arithmetic. My first task was to multiply seven by three. No one explained why. It took me years to understand the greater mystery of algebra, geometry, and concepts such as cubic metres, acres and grams.We had a dynamic English teacher, a bachelor who had plenty of time for us boys and inspired my life-long love of literature. There was also a teacher of botanical science, who introduced me to my passion for flowers and plants. We spent hours studying the structure of leaves under the microscope.School regulations were strict. Being punctual for classes was essential, no one was allowed to be late. Sport was compulsory, and every week we had to go for a five-kilometre run, wearing just a T-shirt and a pair of shorts even on freezing cold November days. We all had to attend morning assembly, every weekday, except for boys of other faiths, who were allowed to stay in their classrooms. I wanted to become a Catholic simply so I could stay with my books!But there were also so many silly rules to follow, which irritated or even upset me. For example, everyone had to polish their shoes every day, and no one was allowed trousers with zippers, only buttons! On Sundays, it was compulsory to write home. Every day I would check my mailbox, looking forward to my mumm'y s airmail letter. But my parents lived in Asia and to my great disappointment, I only got a reply once a fortnight.I left eleven years later, with my school leaving certificate, and a scholarship to study at Oxford University. Many people talk about their happiness at school, but for me, at eighteen, all I felt was a sense of liberation.The American Art of CheerleadingWhat is a cheerleaderA cheerleader is a member of a team that dances and does gymnastics before and during competitive games such as baseball. They do this in order to encourage crowds to cheer their sports teams. The team is called cheerleading squad. Cheerleading only exists in America, and today it is mostly girl that do it. What is the history of cheerleadingCheerleading began in all men colleges in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. As time passed, more and more colleges started cheerleading, and more women started doing it than men. It was not until the 1920s that pompoms began to play an important part in cheerleading. At about the same time, cheerleaders began to include gymnastics in their routines. By the 1950s, most American high schools had cheerleading squads. In 1978, the National Cheerleading Championships were shown on television, and universities began offering courses in cheerleading. Today, cheerleading competitions are an important part of school and college life and for many squads, cheerleading is a very serious activity. Cheerleading squads, can be fund at most athletic events. How do Americans feel about cheerleadingFor cheerleaders, their sport is just as serious as baseball or football. However, many Americans are amused by cheerleading and see it as rather a stupid activity. Cheerleaders reply that a lot of training is needed to do the dance and gym routines. Many girls try to become cheerleaders but very few are accepted. To be a cheerleader is to play a very important part in your school. In fact, cheerleading is considered so important in American that several movies have beenmade about it!Module 3 LiteratureOliver Asks for MoreThe room in which the boys were fed was a large stone hall, with a large pot at one end. The warden, helped by two women, served the soup from this pot at meal times. Each boy was allowed one bowl of soup and no more, except on special holidays when he was given another 60 grams of bread. The bowls never needed washing, as the boys cleaned them with their spoons, trying to eat every bit of soup. This never took very long, as the spoons were almost as large as the bowls. When they had cleaned their bowls in this way, they would sit staring at the pot with eager eyes, as if they wanted to eat it. Boys usually have excellent appetites. Oliver Twist and his companions slowly starved for three months until finally, they became quite wild with hunger.There was one boy who was tall for his age, and was not used to being hungry all the time, as his father had kept a small cook shop. This boy told his friends that he had to have another bowl of soup each day. If he did not, he was afraid that one night he might eat the small young boy who slept next to him. The tall boy had a wild, hungry look in his eye and everyone believed him. The boys had a meeting. They decided that one of them should walk up to the warden after supper that evening and ask for more food. They wrote their names on pieces of paper and picked one out. It was Oliver Twist who was chosen.The evening arrived and the boys went to their places. The warden stood by the pot with his assistants in a line behind him. The soup was served and disappeared down the boy's throats. The boys whispered to each other, and those next to Oliver nudged him. Oliver, who was desperate with hunger and misery, rose from the table and walked toward the master with his bowl and spoon in his hand. Frightened by his own courage, he said, "please sir, i want some more."The warden was a fat, healthy man, but his face became very pale. He stared in complete astonishment at the child and held on to the pot for support. Not until at least thirty seconds had passed, was the man able to speak. "What" he said finally, in a weak voice."Please, sir," replied Oliver, "i want some more." no sooner had the boy spoken these words than the warden hit him on the head with the soup spoon. Then he seized Oliver arms and held him, while he shouted for Mr. Bumble.The managers of the workhouse were having a meeting when Mr Bumble rushed into the room in great excitement. Speaking to the leader of the meeting, he said, "Mr. Limbkins, i am sorry, sir! Oliver Twist has asked for more!"The faces of everyone in the room showed complete astonishment. "For more!" said Mr Limbkins. "Think carefully, Mr Bumble, and answer me clearly. Do I understand that he asked for more, after he had eaten his bowl of soup""He did, sir," replied Bumble."Never have I heard anything like it!" said Mr Limbkins."They will hang that boy," said a gentleman in a white jacket."i know that they will hang him."Nobody disagreed with the gentleman's opinion. A lively discussion took place. Oliver was immediately locked in a room. The next morning a notice was put up on the door of the workhouse, offering a reward to anybody who would employ Oliver Twist."I never was more sure of anything in my life," said the gentleman in the white jacket, as he knocked at the door and read the notice the next morning. "I never was more sure of anything in my life ——that boy will be hanged."Great ExpectationsPhilip Pirrip, known as Pip, is an orphan who lives with his sister and her husband. The fami ly is poor and Pip ' s sister does not treat him very well. One day the boy helps a starving convict called Abel Magwitch. Magwitch has escaped from prison but is soon caught again and sent to Australia in a prison ship.Some months later, Pip is invited to visit a lonely but wealthy old lady called Miss Havisham. At her house, Pip meets and becomes very fond of a beautiful girl called Estella, who live there. However, Estella is cold and cruel to him, always telling him that she is “ better ” than hhime.isS encouraged in this by Miss Havisham, whose fianc left her on her wedding day, and who, as a result, hates all men.Some years later, Pip learns that an unknown person intends to give himmoney every month. Pip believes that it is Miss Havisham who has done this for him. With this money, he goes to London, becomes educated and is able to live very comfortably.Magwitch returns to England illegally, having made a lot of money in Australia. He finds Pip and tells him that it is he, Magwitch, who has been giving Pip the money. He has been doing this in order to repay the boy 's kindness. Sadly, Magwitch is caught by the police and dies. We learn that Estella is in fact Magwitch 's daughter. S marries Bentley Drummle, a wealthy man who treats her very badly, but dies when he is quite young.Meanwhile, Pip leaves England and has a successful career.He returns and meets Estella, who has at last learnt the meaning of love. The two marry.Dickens ' LondonDickens ' cast of characters lived in Lodnon, the largest and richest city in the world. But its wealth was distributed unfairly among the population. Every chapter of his novels describes the sights, sounds, and smells of the city, and provides a social commentary of London life.X|_In the middle of the 19 th century, London was a filthy city for rich and poor people alike. Although on clear days, the air was filled with sparrows andseagulls flying high above, more often the smoking chimney pipes created smog which was so strong that it choked the inhabitants. The River Thames was polluted, causing disease and death everywhere, and if you fell in, it was dangerous to swallow the water.The East End was London 'psoorest district, where childrenwore rags for clothes and the women searched in dustbins for food. Few people could ever hope to attain an acceptable standard of living. Many people suffered from the effects of poor nutrition and even starvation because of a lack of food, yet their welfare was of no concern to the taxpayers of London. Ships from all points of the compass would drop anchor here at the main port of London. South of the river lies Southwark, another poor district. The George Inn was a busy coaching stop with food and accommodation for travelers leaving London, and for carriers taking goods into the city.But some Londoners had accumulated enormous wealth through trade. In the old City of London are housed the many banks and corporations which Dickens mentions. Further west and opposite Southwark stands Somerset House , where Dickens ' father worked for the navy. Close by are the law courts, where lawyers and their clerks, carrying piles of paperwork, would hurry to the trials. There were many squares and gardens with water pumps and fountains, as well as smart restaurants and pubs.Servants would buy fruit and vegetables at Covent Garden market for their rich families, and maids would buy bunches of flowers to decorate theirmistresses ' rooms.The West End is the theatre district where Dickens felt at home because, surprisingly ,he thought he would accomplish more with his drama than with his novels. It is also the London of government, where politicians, ministers, ambassadors as well as more humble pedestrians walked home at night through streets lit with gas lanterns.London is very different today, and few people mourn thepassing of the old city. But you can still see many of the sights which Dickens saw and wrote about in his novels.Charles DickensCharles Dickens (1812-1870) was born in London. His father was put in prison because he could not pay his bills, and two days after his 13th birthday, Dickens started work in a factory, experiencing real poverty. He was very unhappy, but later in life, he was able to write very well about poverty because he had actually experienced it himself.Dickens always had a huge amount of energy. As a young man, he worked for newspapers; and as a political journalist, he met all kinds of people. He usedall these experiences in his writing. Dickens started writing novels in his early thirties and became successful almost immediately. Oliver Twist, his second novel, was published in 1838 and was hugely successful. It told the story of a young orphan alone in the dan gerous streets of London. The story ends happily—the young boy discovers who his real parents are and finds a loving home. However, it brought child poverty to the attention of the public, and for this reason alone it is a very important novel.Over the next 25 years, Dickens wrote a large number of popular novels that are still read today. Among the most famous areDavid Copperfield(1849-1850), A Tale of Two Cities (1859) and Great Expectations (1860-1861). Dickens often wrote about the problems of poor people, and as a result of his work, the lives of the poor were improved.Dickens ' books were popular in both American and England, and thenovelist traveled round both countries, reading from his novels. He often became very excited during these readings. Some people believe that he had a heartattack as a result of his excitement during the reading of the final part of Oliver Twist.Module 4 Music Born in AmericaAll You Need to Know About Hip HOPPART1What is hip hop and how did it startHip hop is an American cultural movement which started in the 1970s and block parties in New York, especially in a district called the Bronx. There are four main aspects of hip hop: breakdance and graffiti art plus two types of hip hop。
外研选修七英语课文
外研选修七英语课文 Last updated at 10:00 am on 25th December 2020选修7Module 1 BasketballMichael Jordan — Head and Shoulders Above the Rest!During the 1990s, Michael Jordan was probably the best-known athlete in the world. He was the top scorer in the NBA, andplayed for the Chicago Bulls from 1984 to 1993. He was namedtheir most valued player five times. Wearing his famous number 23 shirt, Michael Jordan became the most successful basketballplayer in the history of the game.Jordan was born in New York and grew up in North Carolina. He attended the University of North Carolina for a year before leaving to join the Chicago Bulls. He finished his first season (1984-1985) as one of the top scorers in the league, with an average of points per game.In 1987, Jordan became only the second player to score more than 3,000 points in a season. He was the top scorer in the NBA for seven consecutive seasons (1987-1993). During this time, the average number of points he scored was more than 30 points per game. With him, the Bulls won their first NBA championship in1991.During this successful period they won the title again in 1992 and 1993. Jordan was also in the United States Olympic Basketball Team, known as “the Dream Team”, which won the gold medal at the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.Jordan surprised everyone when he retired before the 1993-1994 season, but he rejoined the Chicago Bulls and won three more championships with them from 1996 to 1998. He played again for the Washington Wizards before finally retiring from sport in 2003 at the age of 40. Millions of fans admire his athletic ability, motivation and confidence. They have fantastic stories to tell about Michael Jordan, such as the time when he rescued the Bulls from ending a game on a tie. He stepped to the line and made two free throws. Each time he threw the ball straight through the basket — and each time he had his eyes closed.Off the basketball court, Michael Jordan opened his own steak restaurant because he loves steak so much. He also found success as an actor in the film Space Jam alongside the famous cartoon character Bugs Bunny!There is only one word to describe the best player in the world — awesome!Wilt the Stilt — the Tower of Power!Michael Jordan was the second player to score more than 3,000 points in a season – but the first was Wilt Chamberlain. Chamberlain was born in Philadelphia on 21st August 1936. He was one of the 11 children, the only one who was very tall. Hisfather William worked in a shipyard and his mother Olivia was a cleaner. As a child, Chamberlain had various health problems. He had pneumonia and almost died when he was ten.Chamberlain is the only NBA player who averaged over 50 points per game for an entire season. At one point, Chamberlain was so much better than all the other players that they changed the rules of the game to try to stop him!The giant player joined the NBA’s Philadelphia Warriors in the 1959-1960 season and was an immediate success. During 14 seasons with four different teams, Chamberlain was named the most valued player in the league four times. On 2nd March 1962, he scored 100points in a single game — no one has ever done that since! The final score was Warriors 169 New York Knicks 147!He ended his career after five amazing seasons with the Los Angeles Lakers. By the time he retired, Wilt held many NBA records: he scored 50 or more points 118 times and 60 or more points 32 times.Was Wilt Chamberlain better than Michael Jordan Who knows Butt here is no doubt that he deserves the title “outstanding player of his generation”.Is Yao Ming Too Nice to Be a Star?Jeff Van Gundy, the head coach of the Houston Rockets, has a dream. He wants Yao Ming to be like other players. Star players, says Gundy, are “selfish” and want the ball all the time. “Let’s put it this way,” he said. “When they ask for the ball, they don’t say ‘please’!”Yao, however, is a selfless and kind person. He has been brought up and trained in this way. It is not in his nature to be “selfish” and “rude”.When he first arrived in the US, Yao was an instant hit among basketball fans nationwide. They all loved this kind, gentle but powerful giant. Van Gundy wanted to build his team around the talented Chinese player. To do this, he told Yao to be more aggressive and, if necessary, to be rude to his teammates.“He’s a wonderful guy, he has every physical basketball skill and he puts the team first,” Van Gundy said. “But I want him to be a star, not just a great team player. He’s got to think that he’s the best player out there. That way, he can dominate the game.”“At first, I didn’t really understand what the coach wanted,” Yao said. “But now I do. In China, everyone gave me the ball, I didn’t have to ask! Here, I have to be a little ‘impolite’!I’m not quite used to it yet. If you give me a little time, I can get more used to it. I have to learn to be a little more‘selfish’.”Dizzy Heights of School BasketballBasketball is one of the safest sports. Unlike wrestling or boxing, it’s no t usually dangerous. One reason for this is that the players’ energy is partly directed upwards, at a 90-degree angle to the ground, and over the heads of the others. Sothere’s less risk of a collision between two players.In other sports, such as baseball and American football, the player’ energy moves parallel to the ground and towards their opponents, so they wear helmets which give adequate protection to their heads.But although basketball players wear socks and sneakers which are specially designed to absorb energy when they bound into the air, they wear no other protection, just a vest and shorts. If thereis an abrupt change of direction in their energy, from vertical to horizontal, such as when they accelerate across the court, bouncing the ball, there is a real danger of personal injury.For example, in the Kent State High School Basketball tournament, Chandler High was playing St Mary Central and at the interval thescore was 50-52. But St Mary had appointed a captain who was nota typical basketball player. Whereas everyone else was tall and slim with short haircuts, Joe Johannsen was short and stout, with long hair and a large belly. But he was really fast, and when he obtained control of the ball, he could make a circuit of thecourt and reach t he opposing team’s boundary within seconds. Anyhow, twelve minutes into the second half, Frank Sackler, the Chandler star player, made a controversial pass over Joe’s head. Joe stepped aside and dipped his head down. Sackler bounced off him and committed a foul. The referee interrupted the match ,and there was a suspension of play. But Joe was unhurt, short the penalty, and the score was 88-90. There were three minutes to go. Joe immediately took possession of the ball and ran, … and suddenly 80 kilos hit the Chandler star, who howled loudly inpain and fell, with his nose bleeding and a cut on his left cheek. For a moment, he lay very still ,and the referee even checked his pulse, but soon confirmed he was OK. But when Sackler stood up he was dizzy, so they put a bandage round his head, a blanket round his shoulders, and called an ambulance to take him to thehospital. Joe was a considerate guy, and apologized as Sackler left, sniffing and weeping, either in pain or in frustration. Chandler scored with the penalty, and their teamwork had won the match. But Frank Sackler still has the scar on his face as a souvenir of the tournament.How Did They Start?How did American football start?Football — or soccer — started in England 800 years ago. The game was played with a round ball that players kicked but could not carry. There were two teams, but there were often a hundred players on each team!However, in 1823, William Webb Ellis, a pupil at Rugby School in England, picked up the ball during a soccer game and ran with it. Teachers at the school were shocked and angry but Webb Ellis’s schoolmates enjoyed this new game, which they named after the school. Eventually, rugby was played with an oval ball that could be both carried and thrown.Rugby was exported to the United States, changed a lot and became the sport that Americans now call football. During a game of American football, the ball can be kicked, thrown or carried.How did basketball start?Basketball was invented in 1891 in a gymnasium in Springfield, Massachusetts by Dr James Naismith, a physical education teacher. Naismith wanted to create a game that would provide exercise for a noisy class through the cold winter months. Naismith attached two baskets to two tall poles at each end of the gymnasium and gave the players a soccer ball and told them to try to throw the ball into the baskets. Naismith later wrote 13 rules which are the basis of modern basketball rules.How did baseball start?The exact origin of baseball is unknown, but it is probably based on an old English game called rounders. In the USA, a version of the game became popular in the early 19th century and eventually, a man called Alexander Cartwright wrote the rules for baseball in1845. Cartwright is called “the father of baseball” because t he modern rules of the game are very similar to his original rules.Module 2 Highlights of My Senior YearHighlights of My Senior Yearby Joanna SykesI can hardly believe it, but my school life is almost over. Prom night has come and gone, and I’ve received my high school diploma at last. It’s a good thing that the exams are finished.I feel too excited to think clearly. It seems strange to think that in a few days’ time I’ll be walking out of the school gates forever. The first thing I’m going to do is to take a long vacation!Meanwhile, I find myself looking back at my senior year, and thinking about all the wonderful things that have happened. I’ve decided to write them down so that one day, years from now, when I reread them, the memories will come back.There’s so much to remember. One of the best things about this year has been working as an arts editor for this newspaper. I’ve so enjoyed it! I love writing, and working on this paper is my first step towards becoming a journalist, so this has been a real success for me.Something else I’ve greatly enjoyed is working as a peer mediator, someone who helps students to settle problems that they have with other students. At the start of the school year, we were given training in how to do this, and it’s clear that this kind of work can really help people. I think I’ll continue to work as a mediator when I go to college.During the Easter vacation, I went on a short school skiing trip to the Rocky Mountains. I’ve been skiing quite a few times, but never with the school, and since two good friends came on the trip, we had great fun racing each other down the ski slopes.It’s well-known that Americans are competitive, and I did enjoy it whenever I won our races!Other things I’m pleased about — getting good grades on myfinal exams, and receiving the senior prize for EnglishLiterature. I was given a car by my parents so I’ve been able to drive to school, which is brilliant. And of course, I’ll never forget being elected to the student council. I really enjoyed meeting the teachers and telling them how we, the students, feel about things, and what we think should happen in the school!All these things have been wonderful. But I have to say, the highlight of the year was the senior prom. For an American girl, it’s so important that you have a good time at the prom. Well, I did! Daniel, a boy in my English class, asked me to go to the prom with him, and I was so pleased —I’d been hoping he would ask me. I found a dress that suited me perfectly, and had my hair specially done on the day of the prom. It took two hours but it was worth it, as everyone told me I looked very elegant! A group of us rented a nice car to take us to the prom. The food was delicious and I ate so much that I had to stop dancing for a while! We shared a table with some good friends, and laughed and told jokes all evening. It’s a great pity that it’s probably the last time this will happen.Daniel and I danced most of the dances together. But the big surprise of the evening was when I was elected prom queen! This was so unexpected, and I can’t tell you how good this made me feel! After the prom, a group of us drove down to the coast, and sat on the beach in our long dresses and dinner jackets. I shall never forget watching the sunrise over the sea — it was unforgettable! Afterwards, we went and had an enormous breakfast in a nearby hotel — it was a perfect ending to a perfect school year.After-school ActivitiesIn America, the development of social skills is considered as important as the development of intellectual skills. To help students develop these social skills, schools offer a large number of after-school activities, in other words, activitiesthat take place outside classroom lessons. When deciding which students to accept, employers and colleges look for students who have skills in several areas. Exam grades are very important, but so are the after-school activities. By taking part in theseactivities, students show their special talents, their ability to lead, and their ability to get on with others.Competitive sports, for example, baseball, are probably the most popular of all the after-school activities. This is because, for many American parents, it is important that their children, particularly boys, learn how to compete successfully. Young people are encouraged to take part in team sports such asfootball and basketball, since these games teach you to have the “winning spirit”. For some students and their parents, high school sport is considered more important than academic achievements.During the long summer holidays, it is a custom for American children to spend several weeks at summer camps. There are thousands of camps, and they can be found all over the country. What these camps offer is an opportunity to take part in many different kinds of outdoor activities, for example, horse riding and water skiing. Older teenagers are more likely to get summer jobs or go camping with a group of friends. Many go backpacking in the mountains of the west.My SchooldaysThey say that schooldays are the happiest days of your life, but not for me! My father worked abroad, so I was sent to a boarding school when I was seven. Like most schoolchildren, I had already been to nursery school. I could recite the alphabet, and read some simple books, but this was my first experience of the institution my parents called “big school’. In fact, the only preparation I had for this adventure was watching as my mother sewed my name tag into my shirts, trousers and woolen sweaters.I arrived with one suitcase, my only luggage for a term. I was shown to the dormitory where I would sleep with five other innocent boys. The bedding was a pillow, a sheet and a thin quilt. There were two worn armchairs, a few shabby cushions, an electric kettle to heat water for tea, some posters for decoration but no curtains. The washroom had a basin and a bathtub, but no heating. I’m ashamed to admit that I sobbed as I fell asleep that night.I remember that my first lesson was arithmetic. My first task was to multiply seven by three. No one explained why. It took meyears to understand the greater mystery of algebra, geometry, and concepts such as cubic metres, acres and grams.We had a dynamic English teacher, a bachelor who had plenty of time for us boys and inspired my life-long love of literature. There was also a teacher of botanical science, who introduced me to my passion for flowers and plants. We spent hours studying the structure of leaves under the microscope.School regulations were strict. Being punctual for classes was essential, no one was allowed to be late. Sport was compulsory, and every week we had to go for a five-kilometre run, wearingjust a T-shirt and a pair of shorts even on freezing cold November days. We all had to attend morning assembly every weekday, except for boys of other faiths, who were allowed to stay in their classrooms. I wanted to become a Catholic simply so I could stay with my books!But there were also so many silly rules to follow, whichirritated or even upset me. For example, everyone had to polish their shoes every day, and no one was allowed trousers with zippers, only buttons! On Sundays, it was compulsory to writehome. Every day I would check my mailbox, looking forward to my mummy’s airmail letter. But my parents lived in Asia and, to my great disappointment, I only got a reply once a fortnight.I left eleven years later, with my school leaving certificate, and a scholarship to study at Oxford University. Many people talk about their happiness at school, but for me, at eighteen, all I felt was a sense of liberation.The American Art of CheerleadingWhat is a cheerleader?A cheerleader is a member of a team that dances and does gymnastics before and during competitive games such as baseball. They do this in order to encourage crowds to cheer their sports teams. The team is called a cheerleading squad. Cheerleading only exists in America, and today it is mostly girls that do it.What is the history of cheerleading?Cheerleading began in all-men colleges in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. As time passed, more and more collegesstarted cheerleading, and more women started doing it than men.It was not until the 1920s that pompoms began to play an important part in cheerleading. At about the same time, cheerleaders began to include gymnastics in their routines. By the 1950s, most American high schools had cheerleading squads. In 1978, the National Cheerleading Championships were shown on television, and universities began offering courses in cheerleading. Today, cheerleading competitions are an important part of school and college life and for many squads, cheerleading is a very serious activity. Cheerleading squads can be fund at most athletic events.How do Americans feel about cheerleading?For cheerleaders, their sport is just as serious as baseball or football. However, many Americans are amused by cheerleading and see it as rather a stupid activity. Cheerleaders reply that a lot of training is needed to do the dance and gym routines. Manygirls try to become cheerleaders but very few are accepted. To be a cheerleader is to play a very important part in your school. Infact, cheerleading is considered so important in America that several movies have been made about it!Module 3 LiteratureOliver Asks for MoreThe room in which the boys were fed was a large stone hall, with a large pot at one end. The warden, helped by two women, served the soup from this pot at meal times. Each boy was allowed one bowl of soup and no more, except on special holidays when he was given another 60 grams of bread. The bowls never needed washing, as the boys cleaned them with their spoons, trying to eat every bit of soup. This never took very long, as the spoons were almost as large as the bowls. When they had cleaned their bowls in this way, they would sit staring at the pot with eager eyes, as if they wanted to eat it. Boys usually have excellent appetites. Oliver Twist and his companions slowly starved for three months until finally, they became quite wild with hunger.There was one boy who was tall for his age, and was not used to being hungry all the time, as his father had kept a small cookshop. This boy told his friends that he had to have another bowl of soup each day. If he did not, he was afraid that one night he might eat the small young boy who slept next to him. The tall boy had a wild, hungry look in his eye and everyone believed him. The boys had a meeting. They decided that one of them should walk up to the warden after supper that evening and ask for more food. They wrote their names on pieces of paper and picked one out. It was Oliver Twist who was chosen.The evening arrived and the boys went to their places. The warden stood by the pot with his assistants in a line behind him. The soup was served and disappeared down the boy’s throats. The boys whispered to each other, and those next to Oliver nudged him. Oliver, who was desperate with hunger and misery, rose from the table and walked towards the master with his bowl and spoon in his hand. Frightened by his own courage, he said, “please sir, I want some more.”The warden was a fat, healthy man, but his face became very pale. He stared in complete astonishment at the child and held on tothe pot for support. Not until at least thirty seconds had passed, was the man able to speak. “What”he said finally, in a weak voice.“Please, sir,” replied Oliver, “I want some more.” No sooner had the boy spoken these words than the warden hit him on thehead with the soup spoon. Then he seized Oliver’s arms and held him, while he shouted for Mr. Bumble.The managers of the workhouse were having a meeting when Mr Bumble rushed into the room in great excitement. Speaking to the leader of the meeting, he said, “Mr. Limbkins, I am sorry, sir! Oliver Twist has asked for more!”The faces of everyone in the room showed complete astonishment. “For more!” said Mr Limbkins. “Think carefully, Mr Bumble, and answer me clearly. Do I understand that he asked for more, after he had eaten his bowl of soup”“He did, sir,” replied Bumble.“Never have I heard anything like it!” said Mr Limbkins.“They’ll hang that boy,” said a gentleman in a white jacket.“I know that they’ll hang him.”Nobody disagreed with the gentleman’s opinion. A lively discussion took place. Oliver was immediately locked in a room. The next morning a notice was put up on the door of the workhouse, offering a reward to anybody who would employ Oliver Twist.“I never was more sure of anything in my life,” said the gentleman in the white jacket, as he knocked at the door and read the notice the next morning. “I never was more sure of anythingin my life —that boy will be hanged.”Great ExpectationsPhilip Pirrip, known as Pip, is an orphan who lives with hissister and her husband. The family is poor and Pip’s sister does not treat him very well. One day the boy helps a starving convict called Abel Magwitch. Magwitch has escaped from prison but issoon caught again and sent to Australia in a prison ship.Some months later, Pip is invited to visit a lonely but wealthy old lady called Miss Havisham. At her house, Pip meets and becomes very fond of a beautiful girl called Estella, who lives there. However, Estella is cold and cruel to him, always telling him that she is “better” than him. She is encouraged in this by Miss Havisham, whose fiancé left her on her wedding day, and who, as a result, hates all men.Some years later, Pip learns that an unknown person intends to give him money every month. Pip believes that it is Miss Havisham who has done this for him. With this money, he goes to London, becomes educated and is able to live very comfortably.Magwitch returns to England illegally, having made a lot of money in Australia. He finds Pip and tells him that it is he, Magwitch, who has been giving Pip the money. He has been doing this in order to r epay the boy’s kindness. Sadly, Magwitch is caught by the police and dies. We learn that Estella is in fact Magwitch’s daughter. She marries Bentley Drummle, a wealthy man who treats her very badly, but dies when he is quite young.Meanwhile, Pip leaves England and has a successful career. He returns and meets Estella, who has at last learnt the meaning of love. The two marry.Dickens’ LondonDickens’ cast of characters lived in London, the largest and richest city in the world. But its wealth was distributedunfairly among the population. Every chapter of his novels describes the sights, sounds, and smells of the city, and provides a social commentary of London life.In the middle of the 19th century, London was a filthy city for rich and poor people alike. Although on clear days the air was filled with sparrows and seagulls flying high above, more often the smoking chimney pipes created smog which was so strong that it choked the inhabitants. The River Thames was polluted, causing disease and death everywhere, and if you fell in, it was dangerous to swallow the water.The East End was London’s poorest district, where children wore rags for clothes and the women searched in dustbins for food. Fewpeople could ever hope to attain an acceptable standard of living. Many people suffered from the effects of poor nutrition and even starvation because of a lack of food, yet their welfare was of no concern to the taxpayers of London. Ships from all points of the compass would drop anchor here at the main port of London. Southof the river lies Southwark, another poor district. The GeorgeInn was a busy coaching stop with food and accommodation for travellers leaving London, and for carriers taking goods into the city.But some Londoners had accumulated enormous wealth through trade. In the old City of London are housed the many banks and corporations which Dickens mentions. Further west and opposite Southwark stands Somerset House, where Dickens’ father workedfor the navy. Close by are the Law Courts, where lawyers andtheir clerks, carrying piles of paperwork, would hurry to the trials. There were many squares and gardens with water pumps and fountains, as well as smart restaurants and pubs.Servants would buy fruit and vegetables at Covent Garden marketfor their rich families, and maids would buy bunches of flowersto decorate their mistresses’ rooms.The West End is the theatre district where Dickens felt at home because, surprisingly ,he thought he would accomplish more withhis drama than with his novels. It is also the London of government, where politicians, ministers, ambassadors as well as more humble pedestrians walked home at night through streets lit with gas lanterns.London is very different today, and few people mourn the passingof the old city. But you can still see many of the sights which Dickens saw and wrote about in his novels.Charles DickensCharles Dickens (1812-1870) was born in London. His father wasput in prison because he could not pay his bills, and two days after his 13th birthday, Dickens started work in a factory, experiencing real poverty. He was very unhappy, but later in life,he was able to write very well about poverty because he had actually experienced it himself.Dickens always had a huge amount of energy. As a young man, he worked for newspapers; and as a political journalist, he met all kinds of people. He used all these experiences in his writing. Dickens started writing novels in his early thirties and became successful almost immediately. Oliver Twist, his second novel, was published in 1838 and was hugely successful. It told thestory of a young orphan alone in the dangerous streets of London. The story ends happily — the young boy discovers who his real parents are and finds a loving home. However, it brought child poverty to the attention of the public, and for this reason alone it is a very important novel.Over the next 25 years, Dickens wrote a large number of popular novels that are still read today. Among the most famous are David Copperfield(1849-1850), A Tale of Two Cities (1859) and Great Expectations (1860-1861). Dickens often wrote about the problems of poor people, and as a result of his work, the lives of the poor were improved.Dickens’ books were popular in both America and England, and the novelist travelled round both countries, reading from his novels. He often became very excited during these readings. Some people believe that he had a heart attack as a result of his excitement during the reading of the final part of Oliver Twist.Module 4 Music Born in AmericaAll You Need to Know About Hip HopPart1What is hip hop and how did it start?Hip hop is an American cultural movement which started in the 1970s at block parties in New York, especially in a district called the Bronx. There are four main aspects of hip hop: breakdance and graffiti art plus two types of hip hop music —DJ-ing and rapping. Rapping is also known as MC- ing (coming from the term master of ceremonies). The DJs at block parties in the 1970s played a lot of soul music and they noticed that people preferred the percussion breaks in the songs because they were the best parts to dance to. So they started repeating the。
外研版高中英语选修7module1课文翻译reading practice and cultural corner
篮球是最安全的体育运动之一。
不像摔跤和拳击,通常它是没有危险的。
原因之一是球员的力量部分是向上的,与地面形成90度的直角,而且在其他人的头上方.所以两个球员之间有较小的碰撞的危险。
在其他的运动中,比如棒球和美式足球，球员的力量和地面是平行的,并且朝着他们的对手,所以他们带着头盔给他们的头部以充分的保护。
但是尽管篮球运动员穿着特殊设计的用于跳跃时缓冲能量的短袜和胶底运动鞋,他们没有其他的庇护,只有一条背心和短裤。
如果他们的能量突然有一个方向上的转变,从垂直到水平,比如当他们运球加速穿越球场时,造成身体伤害的危险性会很大。
例如,在肯特州立高中学校篮球联赛中,查的勒高中和圣玛丽中心学校比赛,中场休息时比分是50：52. 但是圣玛丽中心学校任命了一位非典型性球员当队长。
其他每个人又高又瘦,留着短头发,但乔·约翰逊又矮又胖,留着长发,还挺着大肚子。
可是他确实速度很快,当他得到球的控制权时,他能围着球场跑一圈,且在数秒内达到对方的范围。
然而,下半场进行到12分钟时,查的勒队的明星球员弗兰克·赛克勒越过乔的头做了一个有争议的传球。
乔闪到一边,头低了下去。
赛克勒跳过他,做了一个犯规的动作。
裁判中断了比赛，球赛暂停。
但是乔并没有受伤,取消处罚,比分是88：90.比赛只剩下三分钟了。
乔立即抓住球,快跑…突然他80千克的体重撞到了查的勒的明星队员,他疼得大叫起来,摔倒在地上,他的鼻子流着血,左脸颊上有道伤口。
一时间，他躺在地上一动不动，裁判甚至检查了他的脉搏,不过很快确定他没事。
但是当赛克勒站起来时他感到头晕目眩,因此他们用绷带缠住他的头,用毯子裹住他的双肩,然后叫了辆救护车把他送往医院。
乔是体谅他人的人，当赛克勒离开时,他不停的道歉,抽泣着，或许是因为疼痛,或许是因为失意。
查的勒因为处罚而得分,他们靠团队配合赢得了这场比赛。
但是弗兰克·赛德勒脸上仍有伤痕，作为对这次联赛的纪念。
篮球是最安全的体育运动之一。
外研高中英语选修7M4课文翻译(可编辑修改word版)
M4 reading and vocabulary:你应该了解的有关嬉蹦乐的知识Part 1 什么是嬉蹦乐？它是怎样开始的？①嬉蹦乐是一场美国文化运动，始于20 世纪70 年代纽约的街道舞会,特别是布朗克斯区.嬉蹦乐包含四个主要元素:霹雳舞、涂鸦和另外两种嬉蹦乐音乐说唱乐. 说唱也称为节目主持人(源于master of ceremonies 这个词的缩略形式).②20 世纪70 年代街区舞会上音乐主持人(DJ)播放很多灵乐,他们注意到大家更喜欢乐曲中的打击乐,因为打击乐非常适合跳舞。
②that 引导宾从;because 原因状从;to dance to 不定式做后置定语修饰parts于是，他们开始重复播放这些打击乐。
这是牙买加音乐主持人使用的一种技艺。
带去了有关音乐的理念。
起初，音乐主持人播放许多雷盖音乐。
Part 2 嬉蹦乐有何重大突破？para.1 埃尔克，当时最受欢迎的牙买真正喜欢雷盖音乐，于是他就开始播放其他种类的音乐，其中包括摇滚乐和迪斯科。
④这些打击乐通常很短，但埃尔克和其他音乐主持人利用摆放在一起的两个唱盘将两盘录音反复播放，使打击乐播放时间更长。
有些声喊叫的音乐主持人就被称之为节目主持人。
这样，称之为“说唱乐”.④make them longer “make+宾语+宾补”;By doing …通过做…,为方式状语para.2--3起初，这些节目主持人常常表演数小时，重复同样的单词和短语，然后即兴表演。
⑤后来，他们尝试用不同的发声和奏乐方法，使用的押韵词汇经常是来自非籍美洲人的文化。
与此同时，人们开始在街区舞会上跳街舞。
⑥节目主持人达克•斯达回忆他第一次听到说唱歌手时的情景。
⑦ “我一听，”他说，“就知道这是一种全新的音乐。
”⑤using…伴随状语;often words…同位语⑥ the first time 做宾语,后跟定语从句⑦ the moment/mintue/second “一…就…”名词词组做连词引导时间状从Part 3 嬉蹦乐为什么会如此成功？主要有两个原因。
(完整版)外研高中英语选修7M4课文翻译
M4 reading and vocabulary:你应该了解的有关嬉蹦乐的知识Part 1什么是嬉蹦乐？它是怎样开始的？①嬉蹦乐是一场美国文化运动，始于20世纪70年代纽约的街道舞会,特别是布朗克斯区.嬉蹦乐包含四个主要元素:霹雳舞、涂鸦和另外两种嬉蹦乐音乐——流行音乐和说唱乐. 说唱也称为节目主持人(源于master of ceremonies这个词的缩略形式).②20世纪70年代街区舞会上音乐主持人(DJ)播放很多灵乐,他们注意到大家更喜欢乐曲中的打击乐,因为打击乐非常适合跳舞。
②that引导宾从;because原因状从;to dance to 不定式做后置定语修饰parts于是，他们开始重复播放这些打击乐。
这是牙买加音乐主持人使用的一种技艺。
纽约有许多牙买加人，他们从自己的国家带去了有关音乐的理念。
起初，音乐主持人播放许多雷盖音乐。
Part 2嬉蹦乐有何重大突破？para.1 埃尔克，当时最受欢迎的牙买加音乐主持人之一，注意到纽约观众并不真正喜欢雷盖音乐，于是他就开始播放其他种类的音乐，其中包括摇滚乐和迪斯科。
④这些打击乐通常很短，但埃尔克和其他音乐主持人利用摆放在一起的两个唱盘将两盘录音反复播放，使打击乐播放时间更长。
有些音乐主持人开始边放音乐边说话、叫喊。
大声喊叫的音乐主持人就被称之为节目主持人。
这样，称之为“说唱乐”的音乐风格就诞生了.④make them longer “make+宾语+宾补”; By doing …通过做…,为方式状语para.2--3起初，这些节目主持人常常表演数小时，重复同样的单词和短语，然后即兴表演。
⑤后来，他们尝试用不同的发声和奏乐方法，使用的押韵词汇经常是来自非籍美洲人的文化。
与此同时，人们开始在街区舞会上跳街舞。
⑥节目主持人达克•斯达回忆他第一次听到说唱歌手时的情景。
⑦“我一听，”他说，“就知道这是一种全新的音乐。
”⑤using…伴随状语;often words…同位语⑥the first time做宾语,后跟定语从句⑦the moment/mintue/second “一…就…”名词词组做连词引导时间状从Part 3嬉蹦乐为什么会如此成功？主要有两个原因。
高中英语选修七课文翻译外研社
高中英语选修七课文翻译外研社篇一：高中英语选修七课文翻译Unit 1Living well Reading MARTY’S STORY 马蒂的故事你好，我叫马蒂·菲尔丁。
我想你可能会说我是“百万人中才有一个”的那种人。
换句话说，世界上像我这样的人并不多见。
你瞧，我的肌肉有毛病，使我的身体非常虚弱，所以我不能向别人那样快跑或快步爬楼梯。
另外，有时候我还会笨手笨脚、不小心摔掉东西，或磕碰到家具上。
不幸的是，医生们不知道如何治好我的病，但是我很开朗乐观，学会了适应身体的残疾。
我的座右铭是：活一天算一天。
十岁以前，我跟其他人是一样的。
我常常爬树、游泳、踢足球。
说实在的，我过去常常梦想我会成为职业球员，代表我的国家参加世界杯足球赛。
后来，我的身体开始变得越来越虚弱，以至于只能坐在体育场的长凳上欣赏足球了。
最后我到医院去做了检查，住了将近三个月的医院。
我想我至少做过十亿次检查了，包括有一次检查，他们从我的腿部切下一小块儿肌肉，放在显微镜下观察。
即使做过了所有这些检查，也没有人能够确诊这个病。
因此，很难知道将来会是个什么样子。
问题是我看上去跟平常人一样，因此，当我跑了很短的一段路之后，就喘不过气来，或者爬楼梯才爬到一半就得停下来休息，我的小学同学就会笑我。
有时候我的身体太虚弱，上不了学，因此落下了许多功课。
每次缺课之后，我就觉得自己很笨，因为我比别人落后了。
我在中学时期的生活（比在小学时）要轻松多了，因为我的同学已经接受了我的状况。
还有少数同学看不到我的内心世界，但是我并不生气，只是不去理会他们罢了。
总而言之，我生活得挺好。
我很高兴我能做许多事情，比如写作和电脑编程。
我有雄心壮志，长大后我要在开发电脑软件的公司里工作。
去年我开发了一个电脑足球游戏，有一家大公司已经决定从我这儿买走。
我的生活很充实，没有时间坐着顾影自怜。
除了同我的朋友一起去看电影和足球比赛外，我还花很多时间和我的宠物在一起。
我有两只兔子、一只鹦鹉，一缸金鱼和一只乌龟。
外研英语选修7原文翻译
第一单元篮球迈克尔乔丹——篮坛超人20世纪90年代，迈克尔乔丹可能是狮山最著名的运动员，他是NBA的顶尖邱yuan1984nean 到1993年间效力于芝加哥公牛队，他曾5次荣膺最有价值的球员的称号。
身着著名的23号球衣，迈克尔乔丹成为篮球运动史上最成功的球员。
乔丹出生于纽约，在北卡罗来纳州长打在加入芝加哥公牛队之前，他在北卡罗来纳大学习了一年。
在第一赛季（1984-1985），他就以平均每场28.2分的成绩成为联盟得分最高的球员之一。
1987年，乔丹成为在一个笑傲江湖重点额分超过3000分的第二个球员。
以后连续七个赛季（1987-1993），他都是NBA的得分王。
这期间，他每场比赛的平均分都超过30分。
有了他的参与，公牛队在1991年首次获得NBA总冠军。
在这段日子里，捷报频传，他们在1992年和1993年偶蝉联了总冠军。
驰奥迪也是人称“梦之队”的美国奥林匹克篮球队的成员。
这支球队在1992年西班牙巴塞罗那奥运会上夺去了金牌。
1993-1994赛季前乔丹退役，举世震惊。
但后来他有回到了芝加哥公牛队，并和队友们一起在1996年到1998年间有获得了三次冠军。
2003年40岁的驰奥迪在最终退出体坛前，还曾效力于华盛顿奇才队。
数百万的球迷们都很钦佩乔丹的运动才能，动力和信心。
他们可以讲述很多管用迈克尔乔丹的传奇故事，例如一次他在比赛的关键时刻拯救了公牛队，从而避免达成平局。
他走向罚球线发了两次球，每次他都把球直接投进了篮球——每次都是闭着眼睛投进去的。
离开篮坛，迈克尔乔丹开了一家自己的牛排馆，因为他很爱吃牛排。
在和著名卡通人物宾尼兔一起演出的影片《空中大灌篮》中，他也获得了成功！对于这位世界上最优秀的球员，只有一个词能用来形容他——令人敬佩。
高跷威尔特——神力之巅迈克尔乔丹是一个赛季中得分超过３０００分的第二人，第一人是威尔特张伯伦。
张伯伦于１９３６年８月２１日出生于费城。
他是家里１１个孩子中唯一一个长得很高的。
外研版选修七二模块译文
高中最后一年的精彩回放
我简直无法相信我的学校生活就要结束 了。毕业舞会来了又去，我也最终获得了 高中毕业证书。考试结束，这是一件多好 的事情啊！我太兴奋了，简直无法理清思 绪！想想过几天我就要永远走出校门了， 似乎有一种别样的感觉。我要做的第一件 事就是度一个长假！
竞技体育运动，比如棒球，可能是 课外活动中最流行的。这是因为，对许 多美国父母来说，他们的孩子，尤其是 男孩子，学习如何成功地竞争是很重要 的。年轻人被鼓励参与团队性的体育运 动，比如足球和篮球，因为这些运动教 你拥有“胜利精神”。对一些学生和他 们的父母来说，高中体育运动比学术成 就更重要。
在漫长的暑假期间，在夏令营度 过几个星期已成为美国孩子的习惯。 有数千个营地，在国家的各个地方都 能找到。这些野营提供的是参加各种 不同的户外活动的机会，例如骑马和 滑水运动。年龄稍大的孩子更有可能 找份暑期工作或者和一帮朋友去野营。 许多人到西部山区背包旅行。
拉拉队始于19世纪末20世纪初的男子 大学。随着时间的流逝，越来越多的大学 开始有拉拉队，更多的女孩子开始当拉拉 队队员。直到20世纪20年代，彩线球才 在拉拉队队员的表演中发挥重要作用。几 乎同时，拉拉队队员开始在她们的舞蹈动 作中包括了体操。到20世纪50年代，大 多数的美国高中都拥有拉拉队。在1978
年，国家拉拉队锦标赛在电视上播出， 大学开始开设拉拉队课程。今天，拉拉 队比赛已成为学校和大学生活的重要的 一部分，对许多拉拉队来说，当拉拉队 队员是个很严肃的活动。在大多数体育 比赛中都能发现有拉拉队。
美国人怎样看待当拉拉队队员？
对拉拉队队员来说，她们的运动同
最新外研版高中英语选修7module1课文翻译reading practice and cultur
篮球是最安全的体育运动之一。
不像摔跤和拳击,通常它是没有危险的。
原因之一是球员的力量部分是向上的,与地面形成90度的直角,而且在其他人的头上方.所以两个球员之间有较小的碰撞的危险。
在其他的运动中,比如棒球和美式足球，球员的力量和地面是平行的,并且朝着他们的对手,所以他们带着头盔给他们的头部以充分的保护。
但是尽管篮球运动员穿着特殊设计的用于跳跃时缓冲能量的短袜和胶底运动鞋,他们没有其他的庇护,只有一条背心和短裤。
如果他们的能量突然有一个方向上的转变,从垂直到水平,比如当他们运球加速穿越球场时,造成身体伤害的危险性会很大。
例如,在肯特州立高中学校篮球联赛中,查的勒高中和圣玛丽中心学校比赛,中场休息时比分是50：52. 但是圣玛丽中心学校任命了一位非典型性球员当队长。
其他每个人又高又瘦,留着短头发,但乔·约翰逊又矮又胖,留着长发,还挺着大肚子。
可是他确实速度很快,当他得到球的控制权时,他能围着球场跑一圈,且在数秒内达到对方的范围。
然而,下半场进行到12分钟时,查的勒队的明星球员弗兰克·赛克勒越过乔的头做了一个有争议的传球。
乔闪到一边,头低了下去。
赛克勒跳过他,做了一个犯规的动作。
裁判中断了比赛，球赛暂停。
但是乔并没有受伤,取消处罚,比分是88：90.比赛只剩下三分钟了。
乔立即抓住球,快跑…突然他80千克的体重撞到了查的勒的明星队员,他疼得大叫起来,摔倒在地上,他的鼻子流着血,左脸颊上有道伤口。
一时间，他躺在地上一动不动，裁判甚至检查了他的脉搏,不过很快确定他没事。
但是当赛克勒站起来时他感到头晕目眩,因此他们用绷带缠住他的头,用毯子裹住他的双肩,然后叫了辆救护车把他送往医院。
乔是体谅他人的人，当赛克勒离开时,他不停的道歉,抽泣着，或许是因为疼痛,或许是因为失意。
查的勒因为处罚而得分,他们靠团队配合赢得了这场比赛。
但是弗兰克·赛德勒脸上仍有伤痕，作为对这次联赛的纪念。
篮球是最安全的体育运动之一。
外研版选修七第六模块课文及翻译 Microsoft Word 文档
Module 6 The World’s Cultural HeritagePart 1 The Amazing Caves of ZhoukoudianZhoukoudian is a small village about 50 kilometres south-west of Beijing. Inthe 1920s, archaeologists discovered some prehistoric human bones there which changed China’s kn owledge of its history. They came from an unknown species ofman and were the first evidence of primitive human life in China thousands of yearsago. The remains were … three teeth!In 1929, a complete skull was also discovered. Eventually, archaeologists found almost 200 items, including six skulls and more than 150 teeth. These discoveries proved the existence of a human species who lived in the area between 700,000 and200,000 years ago.Four sites where Beijing Man and his relations lived were discovered on the northern face of Dragon Bone Hill (Longgushan). They lived in the limestone cavesin the area.However, the life span of Beijing Man was short. About 70% of the people probably died before the age of 14. fewer than 5% lived to the age of 50. Even so,they were quite sophisticated. Ashes were found alongside the fossils which showedthey used fire for cooling food and also for light, warmth and protection from wild beasts. This is the earliest evidence of the use fire anywhere in the world. They alsomade tools of bones and sharpened stones. Unfortunately, when Japan invadedChina in 1937, excavations at the Beijing Man Site stopped and most of the fossils disappeared, including a Beijing Man skull. They have never been found. After the people’s Republic of China was established in 1949, the work started again and Zhoukoudian became an important tourist attraction.Zhoukoudian was listed as a world heritage site in December 1987. It has notonly given us important information about prehistoric Asian societies, but also has provided amazing evidence about the process of evolution.惊人的周口店山顶洞周口店是位于北京西南约50公里的一个小村庄。
外研选修7课文原文每模块4篇齐全
外研社选修7课文原文（每个模块4篇）Module 1BasketballMichael Jordan – Head and Shoulders Above the Rest! During the 1990s, Michael Jordan was probably the best-known athlete in the world. He was the top scorer in the NBA, and played for the Chicago Bulls from 1984 to 1993. He was named their most valued player five times. Wearing his famous number 23 shirt, Michael Jordan became the most successful basketball player in the history of the game.Jordan was born in New York and grew up in North Carolina. He attended the University of North Carolina for a year before leaving to join the Chicago Bulls. He finished his first season (1984-1985) as one of the top scorers in the league, with an average of 28.2 points per game.In 1987, Jordan became only the second player to score more than 3,000 points in a season. He was the top scorer in the NBA for seven consecutive seasons (1987-1993). During this time, the average number of points he scored was more than 30 points per game. With him, the Bulls won their first NBA championship in1991. During this successful period they won the title again in 1992 and1993. Jordan was also in the United States Olympic Basketball Team, known as “the Dream Team”, which won the gold medal at the 1992 Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.Jordan surprised everyone when he retired before the 1993-1994 season, but he rejoined the Chicago Bulls and won three more championships with them from 1996 to 1998. he played again for the Washington Wizards before finally retiring from sport in 2003 at the age of 40. Millions of fans admire his athletic ability, motivation and confidence. They have fantastic stories to tell about Michael Jordan, such as the time when he rescued the Bulls from ending a game on a tie. He stepped to the line and made two free throws. Each time he threw the ball straight through the basket – and each time he had his eyes closed.Off the basketball court, Michael Jordan opened his own steak restaurant because he loves steak so much. He also found success as an actor in the film Space Jam alongside the famous cartoon character Bugs Bunny!There is only one word to describe the best player in the world –awesome!Wilt the Stilt – the Tower of Power!Michael Jordan was the second player to score more than 3,000points in a season – but the first was Wilt Chamberlain. Chamberlain was born in Philadelphia on 21st August 1936. He was one of the 11 children, the only one who was very tall. His father William worked in a shipyard and his mother Olivia was a cleaner. As a child, Chamberlain had various health problems. He had pneumonia and almost died when he was ten.Chamberlain is the only NBA player who averaged over 50 points per game for an entire season. At one point, Chamberlain was so much better than all the other players that they changed the rules of the game to try to stop him!The giant player joined the NBA’s Philadelphia Warriors in the 1959-1960 season and was an immediate success. During 14 seasons with four different teams, Chamberlain was named the most valued player in the league four times. On 2nd March 1962, he scored 100 points in a single game – no one has ever done that since! The final score was Warriors 169 New York Knicks 147!He ended his career after five amazing seasons with the Los Angeles Lakers. By the time he retired, Wilt held many NBA records: he scored 50 or more points 118 times and 60 or more points 32 times.Was Wilt Chamberlain better than Michael Jordan? Who knows? But there is no doubt that he deserves the title “outstanding player ofhis generation”.Is Yao Ming Too Nice to Be a Star?Jeff Van Gundy, the head coach of the Houston Rockets, has a dream. He wants Yao Ming to be like other players. Star players, says Gundy, are “selfish”and want the ball all the time. “Let’s put it this way,”he said. “When they ask for the ball, they don’t say ‘please’!”Yao, however, is a selfless and kind person. He has been brought up and trained in this way. It is not in his nature to be “selfish” and “rude”.When he first arrived in the US, Yao was an instant hit among basketball fans nationwide. They all loved this kind, gentle but powerful giant. Van Gundy wanted to build his team around the talented Chinese player. To do this, he told Yao to be more aggressive and, if necessary, to be rude to his teammates.“He’s a wonderful guy, he has every physical basketball skill and he puts the team first,” Van Gundy said. “But I want him to be a star, not just a great team player. He’s got to think that he’s the best player out there. That way, he can dominate the game.”“At first, I didn’t really understand what the coach wanted,”Yao said. “But now I do. In China, everyone gave me the ball, Ididn’t have to ask! Here, I have to be a little ‘impolite’! I’m not quite used to it yet. If you give me a little time, I can get more used to it. I have to learn to be l little more ‘selfish’.”Dizzy Heights of School BasketballBasketball is one of the safest sports. Unlike wrestling or boxing, it’s not usually dangerous. One reason for this is that the players’energy is partly directed upwards, at a 90-degree angle to the ground, and over the heads of the others. So there’s less risk of a collision between two players.In other sports, such as baseball and American football, the player’energy moves parallel to the ground and towards their opponents, so they wear helmets which give adequate protection to their heads.But although basketball players wear socks and sneakers which are specially designed to absorb energy when they bound into the air, they war no other protection, just a vest and shorts. If there is an abrupt change of direction in their energy, from vertical to horizontal, such as when they accelerate across the court, bouncing the ball, there is a real danger of personal injury.For example, in the Kent State High School Basketball tournament, Chandler High was playing St Mary Central and at theinterval the score was 50-52. but St Mary had appointed a captain who was not a typical basketball player. Whereas everyone else was tall and slim with short haircuts, Joe Johannsen was short and stout, with long hair and a large belly. But he was really fast, and when he obtained control of the ball, he could make a circuit of the court and reach the opposing team’s boundary within seconds.Anyhow, twelve minutes into the second half, Frank Sackler, the Chandler star player, made a controversial pass over Joe’s head. Joe stepped aside and dipped his head down. Sackler bounced off him and mitted a foul. The referee interrupted the match ,and there was a suspension of play. But Joe was unhurt, short the penalty, and the score was 88-90. there were three minutes to go.Joe immediately took possession of the ball and ran, …and suddenly 80 kilos hit the Chandler star, who howled loudly in pain and fell, with his nose bleeding and a cut on his left cheek. For a moment, he lay very still ,and the referee even checked his pulse, but soon confirmed he was OK. But when Sackler stood up he was dizzy, so they put a bandage round his head, a blanket round his shoulders, and called an ambulance to take him to the hospital. Joe was a considerate guy, and apologized as Sackler left, sniffing and weeping, either in pain or in frustration.Chandler scored with the penalty, and their teamwork had wonthe match. But Frank Sackler still has the scar on his face as a souvenir of the tournament.How Did They Start?How did American football start?Football – or soccer – started in England 800 years ago. The game was played with a round ball that players kicked but could not carry. There were two teams, but there were often a hundred players on each team!However, in 1823, William Webb Ellis, a pupil at Rugby School in England, picked up the ball during a soccer game and ran with it. Teachers at the school were shocked and angry but Webb Ellis’s schoolmates enjoyed this new game, which they named after the school. Eventually, rugby was played with an oval ball that could be both carried and thrown.Rugby was exported to the United States, changed a lot and became the sport that Americans now call football. During a game of American football, the ball can be kicked, thrown or carried.How did basketball start?Basketball was invented in 1891 in a gymnasium in Springfield, Massachusetts by Dr James Naismith, a physical education teacher. Naismith wanted to create a game that would provide exercise for anoisy class through the clod winter months. Naismith attached two baskets to two tall poles at each end of the gymnasium and gave the players a soccer ball and told them to try to throw the ball into the baskets. Naismith later wrote 13 rules which are the basis of modern basketball rules.How did baseball start?The exact origin of baseball is unknown, but it is probably based on an old English game called rounders. In the USA, a version of the game became popular in the early 19th century and eventually, a man called Alexander Cartwright wrote the rules or baseball in 1845. Cartwright I called “the father of baseball”because the modern rules of the game are very similar to his original rules.Module 2Highlights of My Senior YearHighlights of My Senior YearI can hardly believe it, but my school life is almost over. Prom night has e and gone, and I’ve received my high school diploma at last. It’s a good thing that the exams are finished. I feel too excited to think clearly. It seems strange to think that in a few days’ time I’ll be walking out of the school gates forever. The first thing I’m going to do is to take a long vacation!Meanwhile, I find myself looking back at my senior year, and thinking about all the wonderful things that have happened. I’ve decided to write them down so that one day, years from now, when I reread them ,the memories will e back.There’s so much to remember. One of the best things about this year has been working as an arts editor for this newspaper. I’ve so enjoyed it I love writing, and working on this paper is my first step towards being a journalist, so this has been a real success for me.Something else I’ve greatly enjoyed is working as a peer mediator, someone who helps students to settle problems that they have with other students. At the start of the school year, we were given training in how to do this, and it’s clear that this kind of work can really help people. I think I’ll continue to work as a mediator when I go to college.During the Easter vacation, I went on a short school skiing trip to the Rocky Mountains. I’ve been skiing quite a few times, but never with the school, and since two good friends came on the trip, we had great fun racing each other down the ski slopes. It’s well-known that Americans are petitive, and I did enjoy it whenever I won our races!Other things I’m pleased about – getting good grades on my final exams, and receiving the senior prize for English Literature. I wasgiven a car by my parents so I’ve been able to drive to school, which is brilliant. And of course, I’ll never forget being elected to the student council. I really enjoyed meeting the teachers and telling them how we, the students, feel about thing, and what we think should happen in the school!All these things have been wonderful. But I have to say, the highlight of the year was the senior prom. For an American girl, it’s so important that you have a good time at the prom. Well, I did Daniel, a boy in my English class, asked me to go to the prom with him, and I was so pleased – I’d been hoping he would ask me. I found a dress that suited me perfectly, and had my hair specially done on the day of the prom. It took two hours but it was worth it, as everyone told me I looked very elegant! A group of us rented a nice car to take us to the prom. The food was delicious and I ate so much that I had to stop dancing for a while! We shared a table with some good friends, and laughed and told jokes all evening. It’s a great pity that it’s probably the last time this will happen.Daniel and I danced most of the dances together. But the big surprise of the evening was when I was elected prom queen! This was so unexpected, and I can’t tell you how good this made me feel! After the prom, a group of us drove down to the coast, and sat on the beach in our long dresses and dinner jackets. I shall never forgetwatching the sunrise over the sea – it was unforgettable! Afterwards, we went and had an enormous breakfast in a nearby hotel – it was a perfect ending to a perfect school year.After-school ActivitiesIn America, the development of social skills is considered as important as the development of intellectual skills. To help students develop these social skills, schools offers a large number of after-school activities, in other words, activities that take place outside classroom lessons. When deciding which students to accept, employers and colleges look for students who have skills in several areas. Exam grades are very important, but so are the after-school activities. By taking part in these activities, students show their special talents, their ability to lead, and their ability to get on with others.petitive sports, for example, baseball, are probably the most popular of all the after-school activities. This is because, for many American parents, it is important that their children, particularly boys, learn how to pete successfully. Young people are encouraged to take part in team sports such as football and basketball, since these games teach to have the “winning spirit”. For some students and their parents, high school sport is considered more important than academic achievements.During the long summer holidays, it is a custom for American children to spend several weeks at summer camps. There are thousands of camps, and they can be found all over the country. What these camps offer is an opportunity to take part in many different kinds of outdoor activities, for example, horse riding and water skiing. Older teenagers are more likely to get summer jobs or go camping with a group of friends. Many go backpacking in the mountains of the west.My SchooldaysThey say that schooldays are the happiest days of your life, but not for me! My father worked abroad, so I was sent to a boarding school when I was seven. Like most schoolchildren, I had already been to nursery school. I could recite the alphabet, and read some simple books, but this was my first experience of the institution my parents called “big school’. In fact, the only preparation I had for this adventure was watching as my mother sewed my name tag into my shirts, trousers and woolen sweaters.I arrived with one suitcase, my only luggage for a term. I was shown to the dormitory where I would sleep with five other innocent boys. The bedding was a pillow, a sheet and a thin quilt. There were two worn armchairs, a few shabby cushions, an electric kettle to heatwater for tea, some posters for decoration but no curtains. The washroom had a basin and a bathtub, but no heating. I’m ashamed to admit that I sobbed as I fell asleep that night.I remember that my first lesson was arithmetic. My first task was to multiply seven by three. No one explained why. It took me years to understand the greater mystery of algebra, geometry, and concepts such as cubic metres, acres and grams.We had a dynamic English teacher, a bachelor who had plenty of time for us boys and inspired my life-long love of literature. There was also a teacher of botanical science, who introduced me to my passion for flowers and plants. We spent hours studying the structure of leaves under the microscope.School regulations were strict. Being punctual for classes was essential, no one was allowed to be late. Sport was pulsory, and every week we had to go for a five-kilometre run, wearing just a T-shirt and a pair of shorts even on freezing cold November days. We all had to attend morning assembly, every weekday, except for boys of other faiths, who were allowed to stay in their classrooms. I wanted to bee a Catholic simply so I could stay with my books!But there were also so many silly rules to follow, which irritated or even upset me. For example, everyone had to polish their shoes every day, and no one was allowed trousers with zippers, only buttons!On Sundays, it was pulsory to write home. Every day I would check my mailbox, looking forward to my mummy’s airmail letter. But my parents lived in Asia and to my great disappointment, I only got a reply once a fortnight.I left eleven years later, with my school leaving certificate, and a scholarship to study at Oxford University. Many people talk about their happiness at school, but for me, at eighteen, all I felt was a sense of liberation.The American Art of CheerleadingWhat is a cheerleader?A cheerleader is a member of a team that dances and does gymnastics before and during petitive games such as baseball. They do this in order to encourage crowds to cheer their sports teams. The team is called cheerleading squad. Cheerleading only exists in America, and today it is mostly girl that do it.What is the history of cheerleading?Cheerleading began in all men colleges in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. As time passed, more and more colleges started cheerleading, and more women started doing it than men. It was not until the 1920s that pompoms began to play an important part in cheerleading. At about the same time, cheerleaders began to includegymnastics in their routines. By the 1950s, most American high schools had cheerleading squads. In 1978, the National Cheerleading Championships were shown on television, and universities began offering courses in cheerleading. Today, cheerleading petitions are an important part of school and college life and for many squads, cheerleading is a very serious activity. Cheerleading squads, can be fund at most athletic events.How do Americans feel about cheerleading?For cheerleaders, their sport is just as serious as baseball or football. However, many Americans are amused by cheerleading and see it as rather a stupid activity. Cheerleaders reply that a lot of training is needed to do the dance and gym routines. Many girls try to bee cheerleaders but very few are accepted. To be a cheerleader is to play a very important part in your school. In fact, cheerleading is considered so important in American that several movies have been made about it!Module 3LiteratureOliver Asks for MoreThe room in which the boys were fed was a large stone hall, with alarge pot at one end. The warden, helped by two women, served the soup from this pot at meal times. Each boy was allowed one bowl of soup and no more, except on special holidays when he was given another 60 grams of bread. The bowls never needed washing, as the boys cleaned them with their spoons, trying to eat every bit of soup. This never took very long, as the spoons were almost as large as the bowls. When they had cleaned their bowls in this way, they would sit staring at the pot with eager eyes, as if they wanted to eat it. Boys usually have excellent appetites. Oliver Twist and his panions slowly starved for three months until finally, they became quite wild with hunger.There was one boy who was tall for his age, and was not used to being hungry all the time, as his father had kept a small cook shop. This boy told his friends that he had to have another bowl of soup each day. If he did not, he was afraid that one night he might eat the small young boy who slept next to him. The tall boy had a wild, hungry look in his eye and everyone believed him. The boys had a meeting. They decided that one of them should walk up to the warden after supper that evening and ask for more food. They wrote their names on pieces of paper and picked one out. It was Oliver Twist who was chosen.The evening arrived and the boys went to their places. Thewarden stood by the pot with his assistants in a line behind him. The soup was served and disappeared down the boy's throats. The boys whispered to each other, and those next to Oliver nudged him. Oliver, who was desperate with hunger and misery, rose from the table and walked toward the master with his bowl and spoon in his hand. Frightened by his own courage, he said, "please sir, i want some more."The warden was a fat, healthy man, but his face became very pale. He stared in plete astonishment at the child and held on to the pot for support. Not until at least thirty seconds had passed, was the man able to speak. "What?" he said finally, in a weak voice."Please, sir," replied Oliver, "i want some more." no sooner had the boy spoken these words than the warden hit him on the head with the soup spoon. Then he seized Oliver arms and held him, while he shouted for Mr. Bumble.The managers of the workhouse were having a meeting when Mr Bumble rushed into the room in great excitement. Speaking to the leader of the meeting, he said, "Mr. Limbkins, i am sorry, sir! Oliver Twist has asked for more!"The faces of everyone in the room showed plete astonishment. "For more!" said Mr Limbkins. "Think carefully, Mr Bumble, and answer me clearly. Do I understand that he asked for more, after hehad eaten his bowl of soup?""He did, sir," replied Bumble."Never have I heard anything like it!" said Mr Limbkins."They will hang that boy," said a gentleman in a white jacket. "i know that they will hang him."Nobody disagreed with the gentleman's opinion. A lively discussion took place. Oliver was immediately locked in a room. The next morning a notice was put up on the door of the workhouse, offering a reward to anybody who would employ Oliver Twist."I never was more sure of anything in my life," said the gentleman in the white jacket, as he knocked at the door and read the notice the next morning. "I never was more sure of anything in my life —— that boy will be hanged."Great ExpectationsPhilip Pirrip, known as Pip, is an orphan who lives with his sister and her husband. The family is poor and Pip’s sister does not treat him very well. One day the boy helps a starving convict called Abel Magwitch. Magwitch has escaped from prison but is soon caught again and sent to Australia in a prison ship.Some months later, Pip is invited to visit a lonely but wealthy old lady called Miss Havisham. At her house, Pip meets and bees veryfond of a beautiful girl called Estella, who live there. However, Estella is cold and cruel to him, always telling him that she is “better” than him. She is encouraged in this by Miss Havisham, whose fiancé left her on her wedding day, and who, as a result, hates all men.Some years later, Pip learns that an unknown person intends to give him money every month. Pip believes that it is Miss Havisham who has done this for him. With this money, he goes to London, bees educated and is able to live very fortably.Magwitch returns to England illegally, having made a lot of money in Australia. He finds Pip and tells him that it is he, Magwitch, who has been giving Pip the money. He has been doing this in order to repay the boy’s kindness. Sadly, Magwitch is caught by the police and dies. We learn that Estella is in fact Magwitch’s daughter. She marries Bentley Drummle, a wealthy man who treats her very badly, but dies when he is quite young.Meanwhile, Pip leaves England and has a successful career. He returns and meets Estella, who has at last learnt the meaning of love. The two marry.Dickens’ LondonDickens’ cast of characters lived in London, the largest and richest city in the world. But its wealth was distributed unfairly among thepopulation. Every chapter of his novels describes the sights, sounds, and smells of the city, and provides a social mentary of London life.In the middle of the 19th century, London was a filthy city for rich and poor people alike. Although on clear days, the air was filled with sparrows and seagulls flying high above, more often the smoking chimney pipes created smog which was so strong that it choked the inhabitants. The River Thames was polluted, causing disease and death everywhere, and if you fell in, it was dangerous to swallow the water.The East End was London’s poorest district, where children wore rags for clothes and the women searched in dustbins for food. Few people could ever hope to attain an acceptable standard of living. Many people suffered from the effects of poor nutrition and even starvation because of a lack of food, yet their welfare was of no concern to the taxpayers of London. Ships from all points of the pass would drop anchor here at the main port of London. South of the river lies Southwark, another poor district. The George Inn was a busy coaching stop with food and acmodation for travelers leaving London, and for carriers taking goods into the city.But some Londoners had accumulated enormous wealth through trade. In the old City of London are housed the many banks and corporations which Dickens mentions. Further west and oppositeSouthwark stands Somerset House, where Dickens’father worked for the navy. Close by are the law courts, where lawyers and their clerks, carrying piles of paperwork, would hurry to the trials. There were many squares and gardens with water pumps and fountains, as well as smart restaurants and pubs.Servants would buy fruit and vegetables at Covent Garden market for their rich families, and maids would buy bunches of flowers to decorate their mistresses’ rooms.The West End is the theatre district where Dickens felt at home because, surprisingly ,he thought he would acplish more with his drama than with his novels. It is also the London of government, where politicians, ministers, ambassadors as well as more humble pedestrians walked home at night through streets lit with gas lanterns.London is very different today, and few people mourn the passing of the old city. But you can still see many of the sights which Dickens saw and wrote about in his novels.Charles DickensCharles Dickens (1812-1870) was born in London. His father was put in prison because he could not pay his bills, and two days after his 13th birthday, Dickens started work in a factory, experiencing real poverty. He was very unhappy, but later in life, he was able to writevery well about poverty because he had actually experienced it himself.Dickens always had a huge amount of energy. As a young man, he worked for newspapers; and as a political journalist, he met all kinds of people. He used all these experiences in his writing. Dickens started writing novels in his early thirties and became successful almost immediately. Oliver Twist, his second novel, was published in 1838 and was hugely successful. It told the story of a young orphan alone in the dangerous streets of London. The story ends happily –the young boy discovers who his real parents are and finds a loving home. However, it brought child poverty to the attention of the public, and for this reason alone it is a very important novel.Over the next 25 years, Dickens wrote a large number of popular novels that are still read today. Among the most famous are David Copperfield(1849-1850), A Tale of Two Cities (1859) and Great Expectations (1860-1861). Dickens often wrote about the problems of poor people, and as a result of his work, the lives of the poor were improved.Dickens’ books were popular in both American and England, and the novelist traveled round both countries, reading from his novels. He often became very excited during these readings. Some people believe that he had a heart attack as a result of his excitement。