京华烟云

京华烟云
Moment in Peking ——Written by 林语堂, Translated by 张振玉
范例欣赏：
Moment in Peking（1）——Mannia’s Wedding Day
Lin Yutang
The next day, May the twenty-fifth, was Mannia’s wedding day. While her mother was getting things ready with the assistance of Coral and Mulan, and they were waiting for the sedan chairs to come at the proper hour, the Tseng house was in a great turmoil. There were a thousand things to prepare for the bride, and red sashes and colored festoons of silk and big lanterns to be hung up, and the bridegroom’s rooms to be decorated. Everything had to be new, tables, candle stands, wash basins, spittoons, commodes, even the curtains and bedding on Pingya’s bed—practically everything except the bed itself on which he was sleeping. The leeks and mint herbs hung above the door by every family on the Dragon-Boat Festival at the onset of summer, had to be taken down, and red festoons hung in their place above the door and along the door jambs. A disinfection, to drive away evil air, was usually done by burning mint herbs in the house on the Dragon-Boat Festival and children carried beautiful colored silk pendants on their breasts, containing fragrant powder from herbs to ward off disease for the summer, which was the usual season for epidemics. In this way Pingya’s room had been fumigated before he was moved in. T he idea now however, was to make as great a change of atmosphere in the sickroom as possible, showing every where the red color of happiness to drive away any lurking evil air.
On top of all these preparations, Pingya had taken a turn for the worse. He complained that he could not see clearly, and his bowels would not function. His tongue showed a thick coating, and his limbs were cold while he felt hot inside. His pulse was weak and sluggish. The doctor had to press all three fingers on his wrist to feel the pulse beat, and this was a sign the volume of blood was decreasing. Upon the varied nuances of the pulse beats and their undertones, the yun, the old doctor relied as the modern doctor relies upon the temperature chart; but it was something finely felt, to be recognized only by experience and impossible to state in figures. Although Pingya’s mind was clear, he was too weak to talk, and all morning and afternoon, he lay half-dormant, vaguely conscious that this was his wedding day.
(Lin Yutang. Moment in Peking . Beijing: Foreign
Language Teaching and Research Press, 2005 P117-118）
【参考译文】
京华烟云（1）——曼娘出嫁的日子
林语堂
第二天，五月二十五日，是曼娘出嫁的日子。

他母亲请珊瑚、木兰帮着整理东西，也正等着花轿准时到来的时候儿，曾家则忙得一团乱，千百件为新娘的事在等着办，红带子，丝绸彩饰，红灯笼都要悬挂，新郎的屋子要装饰。

一切都要焕然一新。

桌子，蜡签儿，脸盆，痰盂，平亚床上的帐幔，被褥，除去他还躺在上面的床，可以说件件要换新。

五月节大门上换的艾蒲也要拿下来，在原地方儿与门框上要挂上红彩绸。

在五月节，都按老规矩在房里点艾草驱邪避虫，孩子们在胸前要带五彩丝绸的小包，叫“方胜儿”，里面装着香料以防夏天的疾病。

所以平亚搬进他的新屋子之前，也得要用烟熏，现在尤其是为了使病房气象一新，处处都是喜气洋洋的红颜色，要驱除一切不祥之气。

纵然大家准备这些事忙得不可开交，平亚的病却日渐严重。

他说眼睛看不清楚，大便不同，舌苔很厚，内部发热，四肢发冷。

脉搏微弱而迟滞。

一是必须把三个手指头按在手腕子
上才摸得到脉跳，这是血亏的征兆。

有经验的老中医之看脉搏的“韵”，也可以辨别出脉跳动下细微的差别，正如西医之看体温表；不过手指头的感觉很细微，可意会而不可言传。

平亚一上午一下午，始终躺在床上，是半睡状态，对今天是他的花烛大喜之日，只是影影绰绰地感觉到而已。

(林语堂著.张振玉译.京华烟云.西安：陕西师范大学出版社，2005)
【作者简介】
林语堂(1895——1976)福建龙溪人。

原名和乐，后改玉堂，又改语堂。

1912年入上海圣约翰大学，毕业后在清华大学任教。

1919年秋赴美哈佛大学文学系。

1922年获文学硕士学位。

同年转赴德国入莱比锡大学，专攻语言学。

1923年获博士学位后回国，任北京大学教授、北京女子师范大学教务长和英文系主任。

1924年后为《语丝》主要撰稿人之一。

1926年到厦门大学任文学院长。

1927年任外交部秘书。

1932年主编《论语》半月刊。

1934年创办《人间世》，1935年创办《宇宙风》，提倡“以自我为中心，以闲适为格凋”的小品文。

1935年后，在美国用英文写《吾国与吾民》、《京华烟云》、《风声鹤唳》等文化著作和长篇小说。

《京华烟云》享现代版《红楼梦》之美誉，四度获诺贝尔文学奖提名之殊荣，是文学大师林语堂最负盛名的传世之作。

1944年曾一度回国到重庆讲学。

1945年赴新加坡筹建南洋大学，任校长。

1952年在美国与人创办《天风》杂志。

1966年定居台湾。

1967年受聘为香港中文大学研究教授。

1975 年被推举为国际笔会副会长。

1976年在香港逝世。

【译者简介】
张振玉，著名学者和翻译家，翻译出版了林语堂的《京华烟云》（1941年在上海出版）、《红牡丹》、《武则天正传》、《苏东坡传》、《八十自叙》等。

在《京华烟云》中译者附加各章前之回目，皆排印于正文之前，以便读者查考。

国内外翻译界一致认为张振玉翻译的《京华烟云》是目前诸多译本中译笔最好的一种。

Moment in Peking （2）——Yao Mulan’s Peking
Lin Yutang
But Mulan was a child of Peking. She had grown up there and had drunk in all the richness of life of the city which enveloped its inhabitants like a great mother soft toward all her children’s requests, fulfilling all their whims and desires, or like a huge thousand-year-old tree in which the insects making their home in one branch did not know what the insects in the other branch were doing. She had learned from Peking its tolerance, geniality, and urbanity, as we all in our formative years catch something of the city and country we live in. She had grown up with the yellow-roofed palaces and the purple and greenroofed temples, the broad boulevards and the long, crooked alleys, the busy thoroughfares and the quiet districts that were almost rural in their effect; the common man’s homes with their inevitable pomegranate trees and jars of goldfish, no less than the rich man’s mansions and gardens; the open-air tea houses where men loll on rattan armchairs under cypress tress, spending twenty cents for a whole afternoon in summer; the enclosed teashops where in winter men eat steaming-hot mutton fried with onion and drink pehkan and where the great rub shoulders with the humble; the wonderful theaters, the beautiful restaurants, the bazaars, the lantern streets and the curio streets; the temple fairs which register the days of the month; the system of poor man’s shop credits and poor man’s pleasures, the openair jugglers, magicians, and acrobats of Shihshahai and the cheap operas of Tienchiao; the beauty and variety of the pedlars’ street-cries, the tuning forks of itinerant barbers, the drums of second-hand goods dealers working from house to house, the brass bowls of the sellers of iced dark plum drinks, each and every one clanging in the most perfect rhythm; the
pomp of wedding and funeral processions half-a-mile long and official sedan chairs and retinues; the Manchu women contrasting with the Chinese camel caravans from the Mongolian desert and the Lama priests and Buddhist monks; the public entertainers, sword swallwoers and beggars, each pursuing his profession with freedom and an unwritten code of honor sanctioned by century-old custom; the rich humanity of beggars and “beggar kings,” thieves and thieves’ protectors, mandarins and retired scholars, saints and prostitutes, chaste sing-song artists and profligate widows, monks’ kept mistresses and eunuchs’ sons, amateur singers and “opera maniacs”; and the hearty and humorous common people.
(Lin Yutang. Moment in Peking . Beijing: Foreign
Language Teaching and Research Press, 2005 P143-144）
【参考译文】
京华烟云（2）——姚木兰眼中的北京城
林语堂
但是木兰是在北京长大的，陶醉在北京城内丰富的生活里，那种丰富的生活，对当地的居民就犹如伟大的慈母，对儿女的请求，温和而仁厚，对儿女的愿望，无不有求必应，对儿女的任性，无不宽容包涵，又像一棵千年老树，虫子在各枝丫上做巢居住，各自安居，对于其它各枝丫上居民的生活情况，茫然无所知。

从北京，木兰学到了容忍宽大，学到了亲切和蔼，学到了温文尔雅，就像我们童年是在故乡学到的东西一样。

她是在黄琉璃瓦宫殿与紫绿琉璃瓦寺院的光彩气氛中长大的。

她是在宽广的林荫路，长曲的胡同，繁华的街道，宁静如田园的地方长大的。

在那个地方儿，常人家里也有石榴树，金鱼缸，也不次于富人的宅第庭院。

在那个地方儿，夏天在露天茶座儿上，人舒舒服服地坐着松柏树下的藤椅子品茶，花上两毛钱就耗过一个漫长的下午。

在那个地方儿，在茶馆儿里，吃热腾腾的葱爆羊肉，喝白干儿酒，达官贵人，富商巨贾，与市井小民引车卖浆者，摩肩接踵，又令人惊叹不已的戏院，精美的饭馆子、市场、灯笼街、古玩街；有每月按期的庙会，有穷人每月交会钱到年节取月饼蜜供的饽饽铺，穷人有穷人的快乐，有露天的变戏法儿的，有什刹海的马戏团，有天桥儿的戏棚子，有街巷小贩各式各样唱歌般动听的叫卖声，串街串巷的剃头理发匠的钢叉震动悦耳的响声，还有串街串到各家收买旧货的清脆的打鼓声，买冰镇酸梅汤的一双小铜盘子的敲振声，每一种声音都节奏美妙，可以看见婚丧大典半里长的行列，以及官轿及官人跟班的随从。

可以看见旗装的满洲女人和来自塞外沙漠的骆驼队，以及雍和宫的喇嘛，佛教的和尚、变戏法中的吞剑的，叫街的，与数来宝的唱莲花落的乞丐，各安其业，各自遵守数百年不成文的传统规矩，叫花子与花子头儿的仁厚，窃贼与窃贼的保护者，清朝的官员，退隐的学者，修道之士与娼妓，讲义气豪侠的青楼艳妓，放荡的寡妇，和尚的外家，太监的儿子，玩儿票唱戏的和京戏迷，还有诚实恳切风趣的诙谐的老百姓。

(林语堂著.张振玉译.京华烟云.西安：陕西师范大学出版社，2005)
Moment in Peking（3）
——“Since Heaven creates a Redjade, why does it create a Lilien?”
Lin Yutang
Redjade tried to go to sleep, but she could not. The words of Mochow were like a dose of soothing medicine for her, and she began to think of all they meant, and it seemed they suggested a great deal. Then she remembered that while the others had come in to see her, Afei and Lilien had not, and she kept awake. Her thoughts wandered on and on, over all the day’s experience. And she said to herself, paraphrasing the saying of the brilliant general in the Three Kingdoms about another equally brilliant general, “Since Heaven creates a Redjade, why does it create a L ilien?”
She began to think of the famous beauties of history and romance that she had read about —of Meifei, Feng Hsiaoching, Tsui Inging, Lin Taiya, Yu Hsuanchi, Chu Shuchen. In most of the tales, there was a stupid, un-understanding man. Afei was not stupid. She knew that Afei loved her, as they had grown up together and played together. But while she was precocious, Afei was not. Neither did he fit the picture of a poet-lover in the ancient romances. If she was the chiajen (talented beauty) he was not the tsaitse (poet-lover) of the romances. He could not even make a couplet. He spoke the awful school jargon of these modern days. The telephone, the movie, the English words that he and Lilien began to mix in their speech—all of this jarred upon her.
The missionary school where Redjade went was famous for teaching conversational English, but she was too good in Chinese to be good in English, for her heart was never in it. English sounds always seemed to her ridiculous, and she was so sensitive that she was afraid of pronouncing them incorrectly. Hence, though she could easily read and understand English, she never learned to speak it well. A thinskinned person cannot learn a foreign language well. At school, the students addressed each other by the English word “Miss” and she for one had rebelled against this — as if, she thought, the Chinese language had no way for addressing girls or for girls to address each other.
(Lin Yutang. Moment in Peking . Beijing: Foreign
Language Teaching and Research Press,2005 P360－361）
【参考译文】
京华烟云（3）——“既生我红玉，何以又生丽莲？”
林语堂
红玉想睡，但是却无法入睡。

莫愁的话像一帖镇定剂，他开始想莫愁每一句话的意思，好象每一句话都具有深意。

他又想，别人都来看她，阿非和丽莲却没有来，它于是一直醒着。

她的心里却按捺不住，想东想西，把那一天每一件事都想起来。

她把《三国演义》上周瑜临死说的那句“既生瑜而何生亮”？改成“既生我红玉，何以又生丽莲”？
她开始想在历史和小说上看过的美女，比如梅妃、冯小青、崔莺莺、林黛玉、鱼玄机、朱淑贞。

这些故事之中，大都有一个不解人意的蠢汉子。

阿非并不愚蠢。

她知道阿非爱她，因为她和阿非是一齐长大、一齐青梅竹马玩儿惯的。

他自己智慧开得早，阿非却不是。

阿非也不是古代佳人才子故事里风雅才子那一型。

所以她若是“佳人”，阿非却不是“才子”。

他做一副对联都不会，嘴里说现代学校流行的怪话。

电话、电影、英文单字，这些东西，她和丽莲都混用在嘴上，听来多么刺耳。

红玉念书的那所教会学校以教英语会话出名，但是她的中文太好，而英文不够好，因为她心不用在英语上。

她总觉得英语听来太古怪，她又过于敏感，她总怕发音发错。

所以，虽然他很容易就学会念英语，也能懂英语的意思，但是从来不用心学说。

脸皮薄的人是没法子学洋文的。

在学校，同学们是以密斯某某相称的，她就独独反对这种称呼，她以为这样岂不等于说中文没有称呼小姐的办法吗？
(林语堂著.张振玉译.京华烟云.西安：陕西师范大学出版社，2005)
1．英译中
"A commonplace criticism of American culture is its excessive preoccupation with material goods and corresponding neglect of the human spirit. Americans, it is alleged, worship only "the almighty dollar". We scramble to "keep up with the Joneses". The love affair between Americans and their automobiles has been a continuing subject of derisive commentary by both foreign and domestic critics. Americans are said to live by quantitative ethic. Bigger is better, whether in bombs or sedans. The classical virtues of grace, harmony, and economy of both means and ends
are lost on mos t Americans. As a result, we are said to be swallowing up the world’s supply of natural resources, which are irreplaceable. Americans constitute 6 percent of the world’s population but consume over a third of the world’s energy. These are now familiar comp laints. Indeed, in some respects Americans may believe the "pursuit of happiness" to mean the pursuit of material things".
评：本段文章语气严肃，用词精致，论证严密，内部连接自然．一气呵成。

若要译好．上文提到过的第1、2、5、7原则都不能偏颇，上述的翻译方法大部分都要用到。

有两个考点：其一，“We scramble to‘keep up with the Joneses’(我们盲目地追逐时尚，或我们一味地人云亦云)”；其二，“The classical virtues O{grace，harmony，and economy Of both means and ends are lost on most Americans(温文尔雅．与人为善、量入为出曾经是美国的传统美德，而如今在多数美国人身上已难觅踪影)”。

光看括号里的参考译文，就知道是几种翻译原则和翻译方法的结合。

再如，“…excessive preoccupation with material goods and corresponding neglect O{the human spirit”(过分地热衷于物质享受而相应地忽略了人文精神)等等。

可见，要使译文神形兼备，的确要动一番脑筋。

2．中译英
“我国政府强化了对外贸的控制，强化了商会这类中介机构的服务与协调功能。

我们希望继续加强外贸体制的改革，使之逐渐走向竞争，并受到诸如关税、汇率和利率等法律和经济手段的制约。

所有这些都应有助于加速中国外贸的国际化进程，为宏观经贸局面的形成创造一个较好的环境。

通过促进商贸业、制造业、农业、技术产业和银行之间更为密切的合作，我们能够为国际市场提供更多、更好的出口产品。

在这种情况下，中国自然会成为一个大市场。

”
评：整个段落是我国外贸政策改革的对外宣传，是从．国家的层面对中国外贸政策进行的严肃描述和对外的庄严承诺，因此译文一定要严肃、工整、大气。

就原文的用词而言．几乎没有生僻的单词(“商会chamber Of commerce”、“中介机构intermediary agency”、“外贸体制foreign trade system”、“关税tariff”、“汇率foreign exchange rate”、”利率interest rate”等行业词汇除外)，考生只要了解政经英语的文体特点和掌握了该文体常用的句式选择，便不会出现大的错误，从而拿到较为理想的分数。

1.上海多年来成功地举办了旅游节，这对拓展旅游市场，促进社会经济的发展，发挥了十分积极的作用。

The successful holding of the tourist festivals in Shanghai over the years has played an
active role in expanding the tourist market and in turn promoting the economic and social development.
2.浦东办公大楼市场繁荣，首先是因为一些地区逐渐集中起高质量的楼群，其次是因为政府实施了优惠政策，推动了房地产销售和租赁的增长。

The boom in the Pudong office market is due to the concentration of high-quality buildings in certain areas and the implementation of preferential policies by the government to boost the sales and leasing of those properties.
3.经济全球化深入发展，科学技术突飞猛进，给亚洲的发展带来新的机遇，也带来新的挑战。

The further economic globalization and the rapid advance of science and technology have presented both new opportunities and challenges to the development of Asia.
4.中国是一个发展中国家，人口多，底子薄，经济不发达，农村尤其不发达。

China is a developing country with a large population, a meager heritage and an underdeveloped economy, especially in the rural areas.
5.二十年多来，中国经济体制改革不断深化，综合国力明显增强，对外经贸合作日益扩大。

Over the past two decades and more, China has deepened the reform of its economic system, visibly increased its overall national strength and steadily expanded its foreign economic cooperation and trade.
1.唯有在党的领导下，坚持改革开放，走有中国特色社会主义道路，国家才能繁荣昌盛；唯有民主、科学和负责任的精神，才能实现我们的目标。

Only through reform and opening up and building socialism with Chinese characteristics under the leadership of Chinese Communist Party, can we succeed in bringing about a strong and prosperous China. And only by adhering to a democratic, scientific and responsible spirit, can we achieve our objectives.
2.预计我国政府今年将采取进一步措施扩大内需，以保持持续、快速、健康的经济发展。

由于中央政府的政策使投资、消费和出口明显增加，今年的经济增长率目前定为百分之七或以上。

The Chinese government is expected to take further measures to expand domestic demand for consumer goods this year to maintain sustained, rapid and healthy economic growth. As investment, consumption and exports have been effectively increased as a result of the central authorities polic ies, economic-growth is now established at 7 percent or more this year.
3.为了解决消费需求不足的问题，我国将进一步作好对固定资产投资的准备。

我国政府将集中资金投入基础设施、技术革新、环境保护、研究与开发、教育以及居民住房建设。

同时，我国政府将进一步使用财政货币杠杆来支持经济发展，为私人投资提供更好的政策环境。

To tackle the problem of insufficient consumer demand, China will further its efforts in preparing for / further gear up investment in fixed assets. The government will concentrate its investment on infrastructure facilities, technological renovation, environmental protection, research and development, education and the construction of residential buildings. Meanwhile, the government will further make use of fiscal and monetary levers to support economic growth and provide a better policy environment for private investment.
1. 国有大中型企业建立现代企业制度的改革取得重要发展。

Significant advances were made in the establishment of a modern corporate structure in large and medium-sized state-owned enterprises.
2. 工业生产呈现快速增长。

Fast growth was registered in industrial production.
3. 医药卫生体制改革取得重要进展。

Major advances were made in reform of the drug an medical management
1. 中国于1970年4成功地发射了第一颗人造卫星。

China successfully launched its first man-made earth satellite in April 1970.
2. 我们对两国关系的顺利发展，特别是经济技术合作的不断扩大，感到满意。

We are gratified with the smooth development of relations between two countries and particularly the steady growth of our economic and technological cooperation.
3. 在扩大进出口贸易，引进国外技术和设备，使用国外资金，取得咨询服务，培训技术人员和管理人员等方面，我们都愿同你们进行长期合作。

We are disposed to cooperate with you on a long-term basis in terms of augmenting import and export trade, introducing foreign technology and equipment, employing foreign funds, seeking consulting services, training technicians and managerial personnel and so on.
4. 自20世纪70年代末实行改革开放政策以来，中国服务行业平均每年以10.9%的幅度增长。

Chinas service sector has grown at an overage annual rate of 10.9% since the establishment of the reform and opening-up policy in the late 1970s.
5. 我们从经济发展，文化建设，和对外关系三个方面回顾了中国一年来所取得的成就。

We reviewed Chinas progress of the previous year in respect of economic growth, cultural development and foreign relations.
6. 在全球市场迅猛发展的今天，贸易投资自由化和便利化的重要性变得更加突出。

Trade and investment liberalization and facilitation have taken on increased importance at a time when rapid changes are reshaping the global market place.
1. 要坚持党的领导，必须改善党的领导。

To uphold the Partys leadership calls for improving its leadership.
2. 必须坚持四项基本原则，坚持改革开放。

We must stick to the Four Cardinal Principles and press ahead with reform and opening-up.
3. 我们坚持奉行独立自主的和平外交政策。

We adhere to an independent foreign policy of peace.
4. 要实现人们思想和精神生活的全面发展。

Efforts must be made to bring about an all-round development of their ideology and cultural life.
1.随着国民经济增长的加快和国家扩大内需政策的拉动，消费者信心进一步增强，国内市场商品销售稳定增长。

With the acceleration of national economic growth and the effective implementation of policies on expanding domestic demand, consumer confidence was strengthened and commodity sales in the domestic market increased steadily.
2.中华文化是维系全体中国人的精神纽带，也是和平统一的一个重要基础。

Chinese culture is the tie that keeps the entire Chinese People close at heart, and it also constitutes an important basis for the peaceful reunification of the motherland.
3.东部沿海地区充分利用自身优势率先发展，中西部相对落后。

The eastern coastal areas take the lead in economic development, taking full advantage of
their own strengths, while the central and western regions are relatively backward.
4.我们应该加快科技成果转化，积极培养各级各类人才，全面提高劳动者的素质。

中国现在不谋求霸权，将来变得强大，也不会谋求霸权。

China does not seek hegemony now and will not seek hegemony in future when it grows stronger.
5.房屋市场一直被看好，具有巨大发展潜力，国务院取消福利分房后，房地产市场已经趋于活跃。

Seen as a business with great potential for growth, the real estate market has boomed since
the State Council abolished the welfare housing system.
6.中国入世是历史性的发展，有助于使WTO成为名副其实的全球性组织，并加固全球经济合作的基础。

Chinas membership in the WTO is a historic development that not only helps make the WTO
a truly world organization but also reinforces the underpinnings for global economic cooperation.
1.美国两家国际性通信公司合并，对处于霸主地位的AT&.T公司构成威胁。

The two US international communication corporations merged, challenging the dominant
AT&.T Corp.
2.网络和无线通讯的结合进一步改变我们的生活，形成所谓的“无线信息社会”。

The combination of the Internet and wireless communications will further revolutionize our lives, creating what is called a “wireless information society.”
3.由于国内外经济快速增长以及鼓励出口等一系列政策的推动，对外贸易持续高速增长。

Benefiting from rapid international and domestic economic growth and the policy of expanding exports, foreign trade maintained high growth.
4.天坛首建于1420年，是中国传统建筑的一个典范。

Tiantan (the Temple Heaven), first built in 1420, is a masterpiece of traditional Chinese architecture.
5.美丽如画的西双版纳位于平坦的澜沧江河谷地带，四周是亚热带的深山密林。

The picturesque Xishuang Banna, surrounded by green mountains covered with sub-tropical trees and vegetation, is located in a large flat valley bordering on the Lantsang River.
6.要加快经济增长，成为国际化大都市，上海必须关注全球发展动态。

To speed up the economic growth and become an international metropolis (a cosmopolis), Shanghai is pay close attention to the global developments.
7.世界各种文明和社会制度，应取长补短，共同发展。

Different civilizations and social systems should draw upon and benefit from each other to achieve common development.。